KR20110033243A - Dermal delivery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes systems and methods for treating disorders and / or abnormalities in the body associated with the dermis of the skin. Such disorders include acne, hyperhidrosis, liquor, hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, hair loss, skin infections, and / or keratosis. The method consists in administering a nanoemulsion (eg, nanoparticle composition) comprising at least one therapeutic agent, such as botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, nanoemulsions are made by high pressure microfluidization and comprise an exclusive particle size distribution of 10 nm to 300 nm.

Description

Transdermal Transport {DERMAL DELIVERY}

This application claims 35 U.S. C. Under U.S. Provisional patent application, U.S.S.N. 60 / 076,065, filed June 26, 2008, claims priority to "065 Application". The full text of the '065 application is incorporated by reference.

Body abnormalities or disorders associated with sweat glands or sebaceous glands can cause significant unhappiness and psychological weakness in those suffering from it, and current therapies are not very successful and have undesirable side effects. For example, research has shown that acne can cause self-esteem to fall, and in some cases it can lead to depression or suicide ( Goodman , 2006, Aust . Fam . Physician 35: 503, 2006; Purvis et al , 2006, J. Paediatr . Child . Health 42: 793; All of these documents are incorporated by reference). Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), bromhidrosis (body odor), chromhidrosis (pigmented sweat), psoriasis, skin infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus infection, human papillomavirus infection, fungal infection, Etc.), hair loss, actinic keratosis, red nose (hot flashes) and other pain in the skin.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention provides a method for treating abnormalities or disorders of the body associated with dermal structures (eg, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, etc.). In particular, the present invention demonstrates that nanoparticle compositions (eg, nanoemulsions) can effectively and specifically transport the active material to the dermis. For example, the present invention describes transdermal delivery without serious side effects associated with delivery to other sites (eg, subdermal or extradermal structures and / or tissues other than the dermis).

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for treating abnormalities or disorders of the body associated with dermal structures, wherein the composition comprises nanoparticle compositions (eg, nanoemulsions) containing therapeutic agents useful for treating the abnormalities or diseases of the body on the surface of the skin. To provide. Generally, nanoparticle compositions are arranged and configured such that an effective amount of therapeutic agent sufficient to treat abnormalities or diseases of the body is delivered to the dermal structure. In general, nanoparticle compositions are arranged and configured to not induce unwanted clinical effects on the inside and / or outside of the dermis.

For example, in some embodiments, the present invention is directed to clinical studies such as systemic side effects, damage to lower dermal nerve tissue (e.g. nerve paralysis), unwanted effects on muscles (e.g. muscle paralysis), undesirable blood levels of therapeutic agents, and the like. Provided herein is a method consisting of transdermally administering a nanoparticle composition comprising a therapeutic agent, with no serious side effects.

To provide one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an abnormality in the body associated with skin gland using a nanoparticle composition comprising a nanoparticle composition (eg, nanoemulsion) botulinum toxin. Moreover, the data presented herein demonstrate that effective and effective delivery of botulinum toxin into the dermis is achieved using such nanoparticle compositions. In addition, the data presented here indicate side effects associated with such transport (damage to the underlying nervous tissue (eg, nerve paralysis), undesirable effects on muscles (eg, muscle paralysis), and one or more systemic side effects of undesirable blood levels). It is demonstrated that botulinum toxin can be transported to the dermis without unwanted clinical effects.

Accordingly, the present invention describes the usefulness of botulinum nanoparticle compositions in treating dermis or other disorders associated with intradermal defects and abnormalities in the body. For example, as described in Example 5, the present invention provides a method of using the botulinum toxin nanoparticle composition for acne treatment. For example, as described in Example 6, the present invention provides a method of using the botulinum nanoparticle composition for red nose treatment.

According to the present invention, nanoparticle compositions comprising one or more therapeutic agents are useful for a variety of cosmetic and medical purposes. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat acne. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat hyperhidrosis. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat itch. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat hyperhidrosis. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat sweat gland related disorders or abnormalities in the body. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat sebaceous gland related disorders or abnormalities in the body, such as excessive sebum production disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat disorders or abnormalities in the body associated with any component of the dermis present at the same depths as sweat and sebaceous glands. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat hot flashes. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat hair loss. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are also useful for treating psoriasis. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are also used to treat skin infections (eg, herpes simplex infections, human papilloma virus infections, fungal infections, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat actinic keratosis. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat lupus erythematosus. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.). In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are used to treat skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.).

The nanoparticle compositions prepared and used according to the invention deliver the therapeutic agent transdermally. Thus, such compositions avoid the problems associated with other delivery systems, including injection and oral delivery. For example, botulinum toxin is most commonly carried by injection. In addition, the only transportation method approved by the US FDA (USFDA) is injection. Improper injection techniques can damage tissues and / or deliver therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) to unintended and / or undesirable sites. Pain, hematoma, ecchymosis, and bruising may occur. Although efforts have been made to develop transdermal delivery systems for botulinum toxin, these delivery systems typically utilize one or more substances that chemically or physically rupture the skin. In contrast, the present invention provides surprising findings that certain nanoparticle compositions can effectively and appropriately deliver therapeutics comprising botulinum toxin to the dermal layer of the skin (eg, to the sebaceous and sweat gland). Thus, the present invention demonstrates that the nanoparticle compositions of the invention are useful for treating a variety of disorders or abnormalities associated with sweat or sebaceous glands as well as specific disorders or abnormalities in the body (eg, somewhat less accurate or less effective). Tolerate). The present invention also describes the effective and efficient delivery of therapeutically active substances into the dermis and describes the usefulness of the nanoparticle composition in treating disorders or disorders (eg, hot flashes) of the dermis.

The inventors have found that certain nanoparticle compositions can achieve dermal delivery of therapeutic agents without altering or modifying the skin (eg, co-pending US patent application USSN 11 / 607,436, “Botulinium Nanoemulsion,” December 2006 1). Date; via reference). For example, abrasives or substances that corrode or deteriorate the epidermal layer of the skin are not required for the dermal delivery of the botulinum toxin according to the present invention. Thus, in many embodiments, dermal delivery of a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) occurs without severe irritation to the skin.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions used in accordance with the present invention are prepared by exposure to high shear forces; In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are prepared by microfluidization; In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are prepared by high pressure homogenization.

In accordance with the present invention, dermal delivery of therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) can be carried out by any of a variety of formats. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising one or more therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) are incorporated into creams, gels, powders, or lotions, and are administered to the patient when such therapeutics are applied to the skin. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising one or more therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) are incorporated into ointments and / or liniments to be administered to a patient when the therapeutic agent is applied to the skin. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising one or more therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) are included in suspensions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and / or liposomes so that the therapeutic agent is administered to the patient when applied to the skin. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are incorporated into a transdermal patch such that a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) from the patch is administered to the patient.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are emulsions comprising a flock of particles having a maximum and minimum diameter, wherein the difference in maximum and minimum diameter is about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm , About 350 nm, about 300 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm, about 70 nm, about 60 nm, about 50 nm, or about Less than 50 nm.

In some embodiments, the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in the nanoparticle composition are about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm, about 350 nm, about 300 nm , About 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, about 110 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm, about 70 nm, about 60 nm, about It has a diameter of less than 50 nm, about 40 nm, about 30 nm, about 20 nm, or about 20 nm.

In some embodiments, the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in the range of about 10 to about 600 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 10 nm to about 150 nm, about 10 nm to about 130 nm, about 10 nm to about 120 nm , About 10 nm to about 115 nm, about 10 nm to about 110 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, or about 10 nm to about 90 nm.

In some embodiments, the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in the nanoparticle composition are about 300 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, Have an average particle size of less than about 110 nm, about 100 nm, or about 90 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size is about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 50 nm to about 250 nm, about 60 nm to about 200 nm, about 65 nm to about 150 nm, about 70 nm to about 130 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size is about 80 nm to about 110 nm, about 70 nm to about 90 nm, about 60 nm to about 80 nm, about 50 nm to about 70 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size is about 90 nm, about 100 nm.

In some embodiments, most of the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in the compositions according to the invention have a diameter below the specified size or within the specified range. In some embodiments, most are 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6% in the composition , 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9% or more particles.

In some embodiments, there are practically no particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) having a diameter of about 120 nm or more in the nanoparticle composition. In some embodiments, the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in the range of about 30 nm to about 115 nm. In some embodiments, most of the particles in the composition have a diameter within this range; In some embodiments, such compositions are substantially free of particles having a diameter greater than about 115 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in the range of about 30 nm to about 70 nm or 40 nm to 90 nm. In some embodiments, most of the particles in such compositions have a diameter within this range; In some embodiments, the composition is free of particles having a diameter greater than about 70 nm.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions have two distinct groups of particles. For example, in some such embodiments, most of the particles of the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in the range of about 30 nm to about 70 nm, and the second population of particles has a diameter in the range of about 70 nm to about 120 nm. In some such embodiments, the composition is free of particles having a diameter of 120 nm or more.

In some embodiments, at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) is present in part or in whole within the nanoparticles of the nanoparticle composition; In some embodiments, at least one therapeutic agent is absorbed at the nanoparticle surface of the nanoparticle composition; In some embodiments, the at least one therapeutic agent is associated at the interface between the nanoparticles and the dispersion medium (dispersion medium). In some embodiments, at least one therapeutic agent can be seen at two or more of these positions in the nanoparticle composition.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent incorporated into and / or associated with the nanoparticles is any material useful for treating skin disorders at the dermal level (eg, acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, alopecia, psoriasis, actinic keratosis, Eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.), excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.), Raynaud's phenomenon, lupus erythematosus, pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.), pigment deficiency abnormalities ( Eg, alum, etc.), skin cancers (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) and / or skin infections (eg, fungal infections, herpes simplex virus infections, human papilloma virus infections, etc.) Any substance).

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an antibiotic. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an antibody. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is benzoyl peroxide. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is istretinoin. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is azelaic acid.

In some embodiments, the botulinum toxin is selected from the group consisting of type A, type B, type C1, type C2, type D, type E, type F, type G. In some embodiments, the botulinum toxin is present as an isolated protein; In some embodiments, the botulinum toxin is present as part of the protein complex.

This application refers to various patent publications, all of which are incorporated by reference.

Justice

Scratching (abrasion): As discussed herein, "scratching" refers to any means for changing the upper layer of the skin, grinding, removing or breaking. In some embodiments, abrasion refers to mechanical means for altering, crushing, removing or rupturing the upper layer of skin. In some embodiments, abrasions refer to chemical means that alter, crush, remove, or rupture the upper layer of skin. To provide some examples, substances such as exfoliants, fine particles (eg magnesium or aluminum particles), acids (eg alpha-hydroxy acids or beta-hydroxy acids), and / or alcohols may be It can be cause. In general, for example, Donovan (eg, US Patent Publications 2004/009180 and 2005/175636; PCT Publication WO 04/06954; all incorporated herein by reference) and Graham (eg, US Patent 6,939,852 and US Patent Publication 2006 /) 093624; both are incorporated herein by reference), and the like, as described in et al., Et al. Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a certain material may be abrasion when present in certain concentrations or in different environments but when combined with one or more other materials. Thus, certain substances may become "abrasive agents" depending on the context. A person of ordinary skill in the art can readily determine abrasions by observing skin redness or irritation and / or by histological examination such as alteration, rupture, removal or erosion of the stratum corneum.

Administration (Administration): discussed herein, "administering" is to say, carrying the nanoparticle composition as an object, the present invention is not limited to a specific path refers to any path contained in the medical field. For example, the present invention contemplates a route of delivery or administration, including but not limited to transdermal.

Amino Acids : “Amino acids” as discussed herein, in the broadest sense, refer to any compound and / or substrate that can be incorporated into a polypeptide chain. In some embodiments, the amino acids have the general structure H ₂ NC (H) (R) -COOH. In some embodiments, the amino acids are naturally occurring amino acids. In some embodiments, an amino acid is a synthetic amino acid; In some embodiments, an amino acid is a D-amino acid; In some embodiments, the amino acid is an L-amino acid. "Standard amino acid" refers to any of the 20 standard L-amino acids commonly found in naturally occurring peptides. "Non-standard amino acid" refers to any amino acid other than a standard amino acid, whether obtained from a natural source or made synthetically. Amino acids comprising carboxy- and / or amino-terminal amino acids in a peptide may be modified by methylation, amidation, acetylation, and / or any other chemical that can alter the circulating half-life of the peptide without adversely affecting their activity. It may be substituted and modified. "Amino acid" is compatible with "amino acid residues" and may mean free amino acids and / or amino acid residues of a peptide. It will be clear from the description that amino acids refer to free amino acids or amino acid residues of peptides.

Animals : As discussed herein, “animal” refers to any member of the animal kingdom. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to a human at any stage of development. In some embodiments, “animal” refers to an animal that is not a human at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (eg, rodent, mouse, rat, rabbit, monkey, dog, cat, sheep, cattle, primate and / or pig). In some embodiments, animals include, but are not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and / or insects. In some embodiments, the animal can be a transgene animal, a genetically engineered animal, and / or a clone.

Roughly (approximately): as discussed herein, in connection with the numbers "about" or "approximately" when others have mentioned this or not apparent from the information, any direction that can (large and small), 5%, It generally includes numbers that fall within the 10%, 15%, or 20% range (except where such numbers are less than 0% or exceed 100%).

Biologically Active Substances : As used herein, "biologically active substance" refers to any substance that has activity in biological systems and / or organisms. For example, when administered to an organism, a substance having a biological effect on the organism is considered to be biologically active. In certain embodiments, when a polypeptide (eg, botulinum toxin) is biologically active, a portion of this polypeptide that shares at least one biological activity of the entire polypeptide is referred to as the "biologically active" portion.

Botulinum Nanoparticle Composition : As used herein, “botulinum nanoparticle composition” refers to any nanoparticle composition wherein at least one nanoparticle comprises a botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxin is present within the nanoparticles, on the nanoparticle surface and / or within the micelle membrane that confines the nanoparticles.

Botulinum toxin : As used herein, "botulinum toxin" refers to any neurotoxin ( neurotoxin ) produced by Clostridium botulinum . Unless otherwise stated, the term also encompasses fragments or portions (such as light and / or heavy chains) of such neurotoxins with appropriate activity (eg, muscle relaxation activity). As used herein, "botulinum toxin" includes botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G; Its mutant form; Variants thereof; Fragments thereof; Characteristic parts thereof; And / or fusions thereof. As used herein, botulinum toxin also includes botulinum toxin complexes (eg, 300 kD, 600 kD, and 900 kD complexes) as well as (eg, isolated) botulinum toxins (eg, about 150 kD). A "purified botulinum toxin" is defined as a botulinum toxin toxin isolated or substantially separated from other proteins forming a botulinum toxin complex. Purified toxin refers to at least 80% purity, at least 85% purity, at least 90% purity, at least 95% purity, at least 98% purity, and / or at least 99% purity. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to any particular source of botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxins that can be used in accordance with the present invention can be isolated from Clostridium botulinum , chemically synthesized, or made recombinantly (e.g., organisms other than Clostridium botulinum ) or In host cells).

Cosmetic Formulations : As used herein, “cosmetic formulations” refer to topically provided compositions comprising one or more substances having cosmetic properties. For example, cosmetic preparations may include emollients, nourishing lotion type emulsions, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, skin milks, emollient lotions, massage creams, emollient creams, makeup bases, lipsticks, face packs or face gels, cleaner compositions such as And skin compositions such as shampoos, rinses, body cleansers, hair-tonics or soaps and / or lotions, ointments, gels, creams, patches, deodorants, and / or sprays.

Cream (Cream): "cream" refers to a composition that can be prepared for applying to the skin bars that stretch. Creams generally comprise an oil and / or fatty acid based matrix. Creams prepared according to the invention may comprise nanoparticles and may substantially penetrate (such as nanoparticles) through the skin upon topical administration. Such a cream may act as a carrier of the integrating substance (eg, for one or more therapeutic agents).

Dispersion Medium : As used herein, “dispersion medium” refers to a liquid medium in which particles (eg, nanoparticles) are dispersed. In general, dispersion is formed when at least two incompatible materials are combined. "Oil-in-water" dispersion is the dispersion of oil particles in an aqueous dispersion medium. A “water-in-oil” dispersion is one in which the water soluble particles are dispersed in an oily dispersion medium, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that the dispersion is formed by any two immiscible media that are not strictly limited to water soluble and oil media. Thus, "dispersion medium" refers to the categories "aqueous" and "oily", but in any broad sense may be any dispersion medium.

Entrapped (Encapsulated): "trapped" (or "encapsulate" or "encapsulating") is a means that is surrounded fully by the further material trapped material. To provide one embodiment, a biologically active substance (eg, botulinum toxin) may be entrapped within the nanoparticles in the emulsion according to the present invention. Such collection can take place during the formation of the nanoparticle composition (eg nanoemulsion), for example during microfluidization.

In conjunction with ( In conjunction with ) : As used herein, “carried jointly with” refers to the co-carrier of two or more substances. In particular, according to the invention, this phrase refers to the transport of nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions and biologically active substances in accordance with the invention. The substance or agent is carried with the nanoparticle when the substance or agent is combined with the nanoparticle and / or nanoparticle composition; The substance or agent is captured or completely enclosed by the nanoparticles; The substance or agent is embedded in the nanoparticle micelle membrane; And / or the substance or agent is associated with the outer surface of the nanoparticle micelle membrane. The material or agent to be transported with the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions may or may not be covalently linked with the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions. The material or agent to be transported with the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions may or may not be attached to the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions by adsorptive force.

Detached (Isolated): A, as used herein, separated from the components that are united as been "separated" means (1) is first created (regardless spilling created in the natural state in, and / or laboratory setting); And / or (2) human hand made, prepared and / or manufactured materials and / or entities. The separated substance and / or entity may comprise at least about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, of the first associated components, Or more than that. In some embodiments, the isolated material and / or entity has a purity of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

Microfluidized : As used herein, “microfluidized” means exposed to high shear-force. In some embodiments, the exposure to high shear forces is carried out by exposure to high pressure; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in the range of about 15,000 psi to about 26,000 psi. In some embodiments, the exposure to high shear forces is effected by cavitation. In some embodiments, exposure to high shear forces is accomplished by passing the sample through equipment such as, for example, Mircofluidizer® (Microfluidics Corporation / MFIC Corporation) or other similar device that may be useful when making uniform nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, the sample is microfluidized through exposure to high shear forces for less than about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the time is less than about 9 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 2 minutes, or about 1 minute. In some embodiments, the time is in the range of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes. In some embodiments, the time is about 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the sample is “microfluidized” through a single exposure to high shear forces; Such embodiments are referred to as "single pass" microfluidics.

Nanoemulsions : Emulsions are commonly defined as "systems consisting of liquids dispersed with or without emulsifiers in liquids that are usually incompatible with small droplets larger than the colloid size". Medline Plus Online Medical Dictionary, Merriam Webster (2005) . As used herein, "nanoemulsion" refers to an emulsion in which at least a portion of the droplets (or particles) have a nanometer size range. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, nanoemulsions are characterized by droplets or particles that are a thousand times smaller than microemulsion droplets or particles.

Nanoparticles : As used herein, “nanoparticles” refers to any particle having a diameter of less than 1000 nm. In some embodiments, nanoparticles are formed from National Science It has a diameter of less than 300 nm as defined by the Foundation . In some embodiments, nanoparticles are formed from National Institutes of It has a diameter of less than 100 nm as defined by Health . In some embodiments, nanoparticles are micelles that include disconnected compartments isolated from bulk solution by a micelle membrane. "Micelle membrane" includes an amphiphilic entity that aggregates to enclose a space or compartment (eg, to define a lumen) and surround it.

Nanoparticle Compositions : As used herein, “nanoparticle composition” refers to any material comprising at least one nanoparticle. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions collect a uniform collection of nanoparticles. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are dispersions or emulsions. Generally, dispersions or emulsions are formed when at least two immiscible materials are combined. "Oil-in-oil" dispersion refers to the dispersion of oily particles (or hydrophobic or non-polar) in an aqueous dispersion medium. "Water-in-oil" dispersion refers to the dispersion of aqueous (or hydrophilic or polar) particles in an oily dispersion medium. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that dispersions may be formed from any two immiscible media, without being strictly limited to a combination of aqueous and oily media. Thus, "dispersion medium" refers to "dispersion medium" in the "aqueous" and "oily" categories, but may be any dispersion medium in a broad sense. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are nanoemulsions. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprise micelles. In some specific embodiments, the nanoparticle composition is an amphoteric entity nano as described in co-pending PCT Application No. PCT / US07 / 86018, “Amphoteric Entity Nanoparticles”, November 30, 2007, incorporated herein by reference. Particles. In some specific embodiments, the nanoparticle composition comprises a nanoemulsion as described in US patent application USSN 11 / 607,436, "Botulinium Nanoemulsion", filed December 1, 2006, incorporated by reference. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are stable. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions include one or more biologically active materials to be transported with the nanoparticles.

Not mixed with contaminated with ) : When referring to a nanoparticle composition, "incompatible with" refers to a nanoparticle composition that is mixed with "substantially free" and contains only about 50% of the recited material. For example, the nanoparticle composition is substantially free of particles having a diameter outside the specified range, so that only about 50% of the particles in the composition have a diameter outside that range. In some embodiments, only about 25% of the particles are outside of that range. In some embodiments, the particles comprise only 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less have a diameter outside that range.

Nucleic Acids : As used herein, “nucleic acid” in the broad sense refers to any compound and / or substance that is in or incorporated into an oligonucleotide chain. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid refers to any compound and / or substance that is in or incorporated into an oligonucleotide chain via a phosphodiester linker. In some embodiments, “nucleic acid” refers to individual nucleic acid residues (eg, nucleotides and / or nucleosides). In some embodiments, “nucleic acid” refers to an oligonucleotide chain comprising individual nucleic acid residues. As used herein, "oligonucleotide" and "polynucleotide" may be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, “nucleic acid” is RNA as well as single-stranded and / or double-stranded DNA and / or cDNA. Moreover, “nucleic acid,” “DNA,” “RNA,” and / or similar terms include analogs having nucleic acid analogs, eg, those other than phosphodiester backbones. For example, so-called "peptide nucleic acids" known in the art are those having peptide bonds instead of phosphodiester bonds in the backbone and are within the scope of the present invention. A “nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence” includes all nucleotide sequences encoding amino acid sequences that are degenerate versions or identical to one another. Nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and / or RNA may include introns. Nucleic acids can be purified from natural sources, produced using recombinant expression systems, optionally purified, and chemically synthesized. In the case of chemically synthesized molecules, nucleic acids may include nucleotide analogues, such as chemically modified bases or sugars, analogs having a backbone modification. Nucleic acid sequences are present in the 5 'to 3' direction, unless otherwise noted. "Nucleic acid fragment" is used to refer to a nucleic acid sequence that is part of a long nucleic acid sequence. In many embodiments, nucleic acid fragments comprise at least three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more residues. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is a natural nucleoside (eg, adenosine, thymidine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, deoxyadenosine, deoxythymidine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxycytidine); Nucleoside analogs (eg 2-aminoadenosine, 2-thiothymidine, inosine, pyrrolo-pyrimidine, 3-methyl adenosine, 5-methylcytidine, C-5 propynyl-cytidine, C-5 propy Nyl-uridine, 2-aminoadenosine, C5-bromouridine, C5-fluorouridine, C5-iodineuridine, C5-propynyl-uridine, C5-propynyl-cytidine, C5-methylcytidine , 2-aminoadenosine, 7-deazaadenosine, 7-deazaguanosine, 8-oxoadenosine, 8-oxoguanosine, O (6) -methylguanine, and 2-thiocytidine); Chemically modified bases; Biologically modified bases (eg, methylated bases); A base sandwiched between; Modified sugars (eg, 2'-fluororibose, ribose, 2'-deoxyribose, arabinose, and hexose); And / or modified phosphate groups (eg, phosphorothioate and 5′-N-phosphoramidate linkages). In some embodiments, the invention is directed to an “unmodified nucleic acid” wherein the nucleic acid is unmodified chemically for delivery (eg, transdermal delivery) (eg, polynucleotides and residues comprising nucleotides and / or nucleosides) Say

Patient (patient): As used herein, "patient" or "individual (subject)" is any organism a composition according to the invention is administered to experimental, diagnostic, preventive, cosmetic and / or the desired therapeutic Say. Generally, patients include animals (eg, mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates and humans). In some embodiments, the patient is a human.

Pharmaceutically acceptable : "Pharmacologically acceptable" as used herein refers to a human with a reasonable benefit to risk ratio, without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, or other problems or complications within the scope of sound medical judgment. And substances suitable for contacting tissue of an animal.

Premix (Premix). As used herein, “premix” refers to any complex of components substantially used to make the nanoparticle composition according to the present invention. For example, premixes are arbitrary sets of components that, when subjected to high shear forces, make nanoparticles according to the present invention. In some embodiments, the premix includes two or more immiscible solvents. In some embodiments, the premix includes components that self-assemble into nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the premix includes components that self-assemble into micelles. In some embodiments, the premix comprises one or more amphoteric entities described in the co-pending PCT Application No. PCT / US07 / 86018, “Amphoteric Entity Nanoparticles,” application of Nov. 30, 2007. In some embodiments, the premix comprises one or more therapeutic agents; In some embodiments, the premix includes at least one other biologically active substance. In some embodiments, the premixes are disturbed, mixed and / or stirred; In some embodiments, the premixes are disturbed, mixed and / or stirred before being subjected to high shear forces. In some embodiments, the premix comprises at least one dissolved component (eg, at least one component in solution); In some such embodiments, the premix is subjected to high shear forces before dissolution.

Pure : As used herein, "pure" if there are substantially no other components in the substance and / or entity. For example, formulations comprising at least 90% of certain substances and / or entities are generally considered pure formulations. In some embodiments, the substance and / or entity has at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% purity.

Intractable (refractory): "incurable" is, as used herein, when a medical specialist is observed normally refers to any object that does not show a clinical effect expected after the delivery of biologically active substances or pharmaceutical compositions.

Self-administration : As used herein, "self-administration" refers to a condition in which an individual has the ability to directly administer the composition to a patient without medical supervision. In some embodiments, self-administration may be performed outside of a clinical setting. To provide one embodiment, in some embodiments, the facial cream may be administered at home.

Shear force ( Shear force ) As used herein, "shear force" refers to a side-by-side or tangential force as opposed to a force perpendicular to the plane of matter. In some embodiments, the composition is exposed to high shear forces to make a uniform nanoparticle composition. Any method known in the art is used to generate high shear forces. In some embodiments, cavitation is used to create high shear forces. In some embodiments, high pressure homogenization is used to create high shear forces. Alternatively or in addition, high shear forces can be applied, for example, exposed to about 15,000 psi. In some embodiments, such high pressures are within the range of about 18,000 psi to about 26,000 psi; In some embodiments, it is within the range of about 20,000 psi to about 25,000 psi. In some embodiments, and to provide one embodiment, high shear force is made using Mircofluidizer® Processor (Microfluidics Corporation / MFIC Corporation) or other similar device. Microfluidizer® Processors produce high pressure and pressure by accelerating the composition through microchannels (usually 75 microns in diameter) at high speeds (typically in the range of 50 m / s to 300 m / s) to reduce size to the nano range. Provides high shear rates. As the fluid exits the microchannel, a jet is formed, which collides with the jet coming from the opposing microchannel. In the channel, the fluid experiences high shear (up to 10 ⁷ 1 / s) of much higher magnitude than conventional techniques. Jet collisions result in mixing at the submicron level. Thus, in such devices, particle size reduction and multiphase mixing can be achieved with high shear and / or collision. In some embodiments, the sample is exposed to high shear forces for less than about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the time is less than about 9 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 2 minutes, or about 1 minute. In some embodiments, the time is within the range of about 1 minute to about 2 minutes; In some embodiments, the time is less than about 1 minute; In some embodiments, the time is about 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the sample is “microfluidized” through a single exposure to high shear forces; Such embodiments are referred to as "single pass" microfluidics.

Small molecule ( Small molecule ) Generally, a "small molecule" is a molecule that is less than about 5 kD in size. In some embodiments, the small molecule is less than about 4 kD, 3 kD, about 2 kD, or about 1 kD. In some embodiments, the small molecules are less than about 800 daltons (D), about 600 D, about 500 D, about 400 D, about 300 D, about 200 D, or about 100 D. In some embodiments, the small molecule is about 2000 g / mol, less than about 1500 g / mol, less than about 1000 g / mol, less than about 800 g / mol, or less than about 500 g / mol. In some embodiments, the small molecule is not a polymer. In some embodiments, small molecules according to the invention are not proteins, polypeptides, oligopeptides, peptides, polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and the like.

Stable : The term “stable” herein to nanoparticle compositions means that the compositions maintain one or more aspects (eg, size range and / or particle distribution) in their physical structure for a period of time. In some embodiments, the stabilized nanoparticle composition maintains an average particle size, maximum particle size, particle size range, and / or particle size distribution (eg, particle ratio above a specified size and / or particle ratio outside a specified range) for a period of time. Will be. In some embodiments, the time is at least about 1 hour; In some embodiments the time is about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 1 day, about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, It may be about 8 months, about 10 months, about 12 months, about 24 months, about 36 months, or longer. In some embodiments, the time is in the range of about 1 day to about 24 months, about 2 weeks to about 12 months, about 2 months to about 5 months, and the like. For example, if the nanoparticle composition is subjected to prolonged storage, temperature change, and / or pH change, and most of the nanoparticles in the composition remain within a specified range in diameter (eg, approximately 10 nm to approximately 120 nm), This nanoparticle composition is stable. In some of these groups, most are at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, about 98 It is about%, about 99%, about 99.5% or more, about 99.6% or more, about 99.7% or more, about 99.8% or more, about 99.9% or more. In some embodiments, if the nanoparticle composition comprises at least one biologically active substance, the nanoparticle composition is considered stable if the concentration of biologically active substance (eg, botulinum toxin) is maintained in the composition for a specified time under specified conditions. do.

Substantially (substantially): As used herein, "substantially" refers to the quantitative criteria indicating the proximity degree of a level, or all or all of the characteristics or properties of interest. One of ordinary skill in the biology field will recognize that biological and chemical phenomena rarely or completely progress, and / or rarely achieve or avoid absolute results. Thus, "substantially" is used to encompass a state lacking inherent integrity in many biological and chemical phenomena.

Substantially free (substantially free of ) : Nanoparticle compositions are said to be "substantially free" of particles with diameters outside that range when about 50% of the particles in the composition have diameters outside the range. In some embodiments, only 25% of the particles are outside of that range. In some embodiments, only 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5% 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less of the particles have a diameter outside the specified range.

Suffering from ~ (Suffering from ) : diseases, disorders, disorders (e.g., abnormalities associated with sweat glands or sebaceous glands, such as acne; hyperhidrosis; nausea; embarrassment; hair loss; psoriasis; actinic keratosis; skin infections; eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.); Individuals diagnosed or exhibited with excessive sebum-producing diseases; Raynaud's phenomenon; erythematous lupus; pigmentation abnormalities; pigment deficiency abnormalities; skin cancer; and the like suffer from such diseases and disorders.

Reduced Symptoms : According to the present invention, when one or more of a particular disease, disorder or disorder of the body is reduced in extent (eg, intensity) or frequency, “symptoms are reduced”. For the purpose of clarity, the delay in the onset of a particular condition is considered to be a reduced form of its normal frequency. For example, if the anomaly in question is acne, when one or more acne size and severity have decreased in the selected area, and / or when the total number of acne has decreased (eg, the face of the subject, etc.) This is reduced. If the problem in the body is hyperhidrosis, the symptoms are reduced if the subject sweats less. It is not intended that the present invention be limited only when the symptoms disappear. The present invention, although not completely eliminated, specifically contemplates treatments in which one or more symptoms are reduced (hence, abnormalities in the subject's body are “improved”).

A therapeutically effective amount : As used herein, a "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a disease, disorder, and / or abnormality in the disease, disorder, and / or body of an individual suffering from or capable of suffering from a disease, disorder, and / or abnormality of the body. Sufficient amount is administered to a subject to treat it. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a "therapeutically effective amount" does not really require successful treatment that can be achieved in a particular individual. A therapeutically effective amount, however, refers to an amount that, when administered or delivered to a patient in need of such treatment, provides a certain desired pharmacological response in a significant number of individuals. It should be particularly understood that the "therapeutically effective amount" may be "refractory". To provide one embodiment, refractory individuals may have low bioavailability that is difficult to obtain clinical effects. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount may mean an amount as measured in one or more specific tissues.

Therapeutic Agents : As used herein, “therapeutic agent” refers to any substance that, when administered to an individual, induces a desired biological and / or pharmacological effect and / or has a therapeutic effect.

Toxic solvents (toxic solvent ) As used herein, "toxic solvent" refers to any substance that can alter, rupture, remove or destroy the tissue of an animal. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, animal tissues include live cells, dead cells, extracellular matrix, cell cushions, biological molecules, and the like. By way of example, toxic solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl acetimide, dimethyl formamide, chloroform, tetramethyl formamide, acetone, acetate, and alkanes.

Therapy (treatment): As used herein, "treating" (or "treat it" or "treating") is mitigated partially or completely one or more symptoms or more of the specific disease, disorder, and / or body, Administration of any biologically active substance that improves, revitalizes, inhibits, delays initiation, reduces severity and / or reduces incidence. Such treatment may be carried out in an individual who does not exhibit an associated disease, disorder, and / or abnormal signs of the body and / or an individual who exhibits only initial signs of an abnormal condition of the disease, disorder, and / or body. Alternatively or additionally, such treatment may be in an individual who exhibits one or more of the established diseases, disorders, and / or abnormalities of the body.

Homogeneous (uniform): "homogeneous" used herein in relation to the nanoparticles in the composition refers to a nanoparticle composition with individual nanoparticles having a particle diameter in a specific range. For example, in some embodiments, the uniform nanoparticle composition has a difference between the lowest diameter and the largest diameter of about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm, about 350 nm, about 300 nm. , About 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm, about 70 nm, about 60 nm, about 50 nm, no more than nm. In some embodiments, the particles (eg, botulinum toxin-containing particles) in the nanoparticle composition according to the present invention are about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm, about 350 nm, about 300 less than or less than about 250 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, about 110 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm Have In some embodiments, the particles (eg, particles comprising one or more therapeutic agents) in a uniform nanoparticle composition according to the present invention have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 600 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the uniform nanoparticle compositions according to the present invention have about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 10 nm to about 150 nm, about 10 nm to about 130 nm, about It has a diameter in the range of 10 nm to about 120 nm, about 10 nm to about 115 nm, about 10 nm to about 110 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, or about 10 nm to about 90 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle compositions according to the invention are about 300 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, about 110 nm, about 100 nm. Or, average particle size of less than about 90 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size ranges from about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 50 nm to about 250 nm, about 60 nm to about 200 nm, about 65 nm to about 150 nm, about 70 nm to about 130 nm. Has a size. In some embodiments, the average particle size is about 80 nm to about 110 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size is about 90 nm to about 100 nm. In some embodiments, most of the particles in the uniform nanoparticle compositions according to the invention have a diameter below the specified size or within the specified range. In some embodiments, most of the 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9% or more. In some embodiments, the uniform nanoparticle composition is obtained by microfluidization of the sample. In some embodiments, uniform nanoparticle compositions are prepared by high shear forces, such as microfluidics.

Undesirable side effects (unwanted side effect ): As used herein, “undesirable side effects” refers to effects and / or symptoms that are not the desired and / or intended effects of the therapeutic agent administered to the patient. Exemplary undesirable side effects include pain; bruise; Ecchymosis; hematoma; Bottlinus poisoning; Undesirable systemic effects; Blood levels of undesirable substances (eg, therapeutic agents, metabolites of the therapeutic agents, etc.); Damage to the lower nervous system (eg, nerve palsy); Undesirable effects on muscles (eg, muscle paralysis); Influenza-like symptoms; Morbidity; Mortality; Change in body weight; Changes in enzyme levels; Pathological changes detected at the microscope, visual and / or physiological levels; infection; bleeding; Inflammation; Scars; Loss of function; Changes in local blood flow; unrest; Teratogenicity; Pulmonary hypertension; seizure; heart disease; heart attack; Neurological disorders; queasiness; throw up; dizziness; diarrhea; headache; dermatitis; Dry mouth; Addiction; Miscarriage; Abortion; Uterine bleeding; Birth defects; bleeding; Cardiovascular disease; Deafness; Kidney damage and / or stops; Liver damage and / or arrest; dementia; Depression diabetes; Erectile dysfunction; glaucoma; hair loss; anemia; Blows; Lactic acid hyperplasia; freckles; thrombosis; Sustained erection; Rhabdomyolysis; Seizures; drowsiness; Increased appetite; Loss of appetite; Increased sexual impulse; Reduced sexual impulse; Spontaneous dyskinesia; Non-liquid and sweating; Injection site pain and bleeding; pharyngitis; Neck pain; Back pain; Pruritus; unrest; Follicular obstruction; And / or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent has an undesirable side effect of about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80 when compared to non-topical administration of the same therapeutic agent (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.) %, About 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%.

1 shows one embodiment of the particle diameter distribution of microfluidized botulinum toxin nanoemulsion.
2 shows one embodiment of the particle size distribution of a homogenized botulinum toxin microemulsion.
FIG. 3 shows patients attempting to raise their maximum eyebrows prior to administration of a composition comprising a botulinum nanoparticle composition (Panel A) and two weeks after topical administration (Panel B).
4A illustrates an individual prior to treatment with botulinum nanoemulsion. Dark skin areas and sweating indicate heavy sweating at rest.
FIG. 4B illustrates the subject two weeks after treatment with botulinum nanoemulsion, which significantly reduced sweating at rest as described by the dark skin area being small.

The present invention relates to the treatment of certain disorders or abnormalities of the body (eg, abnormalities of the body associated with sweat or sebaceous glands or hair follicles) through the transdermal provision of a nanoemulsion composition comprising at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the present invention provides acne treatment. In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, nausea, and / or hyperhidrosis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides hot flashes treatment. In some embodiments, the present invention provides hair loss treatment. In some embodiments, the present invention provides psoriasis treatment. In some embodiments, the present invention provides for treatment of skin infections (eg, herpes simplex virus infection, human papilloma virus infection, fungal infection, and the like). In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of actinic keratosis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, and the like). In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the treatment of lupus erythematosus. In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides for the treatment of pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the treatment of skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.).

Nanoparticle Composition

As described herein, the present invention provides novel nanoparticle compositions comprising at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) among others. The present invention provides a novel use of such nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of the nanoparticle composition in disorders associated with scleroderma or in the body, such as percutaneous gland disorders (eg, acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, and / or hypersensitivity). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for treating hot flashes. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for treating hair loss. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for treating psoriasis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of a nanoparticle composition for treating a skin infection (eg, a herpes simplex virus infection, human papilloma virus infection; fungal infection, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for treating keratosis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for treating excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of lupus erythematosus. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.). In some embodiments, the present invention provides the use of nanoparticle compositions for the treatment of skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.).

In general, nanoparticle compositions are any composition comprising at least one nanoparticle. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions include at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin). The therapeutic agent may be captured or completely surrounded by one or more nanoparticles; Associated with the nanoparticle interface; And / or absorbed on the outer surface of one or more nanoparticles. The therapeutic agent may or may not be covalently linked to the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions; The therapeutic agent may or may not be attached to the nanoparticles and / or nanoparticle compositions by absorption.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions according to the invention are stable. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions according to the invention are uniform. For example, in some embodiments, the difference between the minimum and maximum diameters of the nanoparticles in the composition is about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm, about 350 nm, about 300 nm, No greater than approximately 250 nm, approximately 200 nm, approximately 150 nm, or approximately 100 nm, approximately 90 nm, approximately 80 nm, approximately 70 nm, approximately 60 nm, approximately 50 nm, or less.

In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition are about 1000 nm, about 600 nm, about 550 nm, about 500 nm, about 450 nm, about 400 nm, about 350 nm, about 300 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm. , About 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, about 110 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm, about 80 nm, less than about 50 nm in diameter or less.

In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 600 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 10 nm to about 150 nm, about 10 nm to about 130 nm, about 10 nm to about 120 nm , About 10 nm to about 115 nm, about 10 nm to about 110 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, or about 10 nm to about 90 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have 1 nm to 1000 nm, 1 nm to 600 nm, 1 nm to 500 nm, 1 nm to 400 nm, 1 nm to 300 nm, 1 nm to 200 nm, 1 nm to It has a diameter in the range of 150 nm, 1 nm to 120 nm, 1 nm to 100 nm, 1 nm to 75 nm, 1 nm to 50 nm, or 1 nm to 25 nm. In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter of 1 nm to 15 nm, 15 nm to 200 nm, 25 nm to 200 nm, 50 nm to 200 nm, or 75 nm to 200 nm.

In some embodiments, the overall particle distribution is included within the specified particle diameter size. In some embodiments, less than 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the total particle distribution is outside the specified particle diameter size range. In some embodiments, less than 1% of the total particle distribution is outside the specified particle diameter size range. In certain embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are substantially free of particles having a diameter greater than 300 nm, 250 nm, 200 nm, 150 nm, 120 nm, 100 nm, 75 nm, 50 nm, or 25 nm.

In some embodiments, the particles in the nanoparticle composition are about 300 nm, about 250 nm, about 200 nm, about 150 nm, about 130 nm, about 120 nm, about 115 nm, about 110 nm, about 100 nm, about 90 nm. Or, an average particle size of less than about 50 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size ranges from about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 50 nm to about 250, about 60 nm to about 200 nm, about 65 nm to about 150 nm, or about 70 nm to about 130 nm. Is in. In some embodiments, the average particle size is within about 80 nm to about 110 nm. In some embodiments, the average particle size is within about 90 nm to about 100 nm.

In some embodiments, most of the particles in the nanoparticle composition are below a specified size or within a specified range. In some embodiments, most of the 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9% or more.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 300 nm. Clearly, in some embodiments, less than 50% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter greater than 120 nm. In some embodiments, less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. In some embodiments, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5 of the particles %, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less have a diameter greater than 120 nm. Moreover, in some embodiments, nanoparticles in nanoparticle compositions have a diameter in the range of 10 nm to 300 nm.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 200 nm. Clearly, in some embodiments, less than 50% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter greater than 120 nm. In some embodiments, less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. In some embodiments, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5 of the particles %, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less have a diameter greater than 120 nm. Moreover, in some embodiments, nanoparticles in nanoparticle compositions have a diameter in the range of 10 nm to 200 nm.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 120 nm. Clearly, in some embodiments, less than 50% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter in excess of 120 nm. In some embodiments, less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. In some embodiments, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5 of the particles %, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less have a diameter in excess of 120 nm. Moreover, in some embodiments, nanoparticles in nanoparticle compositions have a diameter in the range of 10 nm to 120 nm.

In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 120 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 120 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 110 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 100 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 90 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 80 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 70 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 60 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 50 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 40 nm. In some embodiments, most of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 20 nm and 30 nm.

In certain embodiments, about 50% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 40 nm. In certain embodiments, about 90% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 80 nm. In certain embodiments, about 90% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 90 nm. In certain embodiments, about 95% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 110 nm. In certain embodiments, about 95% of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle composition have a diameter between 10 nm and 120 nm.

In certain embodiments, about 50% of all nanoparticle aggregate volumes in the nanoparticle composition comprise or consist of nanoparticles having a diameter between 10 nm and 40 nm. In certain embodiments, about 90% of all nanoparticle aggregate volumes in the nanoparticle composition comprise or consist of nanoparticles having a diameter between 10 nm and 80 nm. In certain embodiments, about 95% of all nanoparticle aggregate volumes in the nanoparticle composition comprise or consist of nanoparticles having a diameter between 10 nm and 110 nm. In certain embodiments, about 95% of all nanoparticle aggregate volumes in the nanoparticle composition comprise or consist of nanoparticles having a diameter between 10 nm and 120 nm.

Zeta potential is a measurement of electrical potential at the shear plane. The shear plane is a virtual surface that separates a thin layer of liquid bound to a solid surface (eg, nanoparticle surface) and exhibits the elastic behavior of the rest of the liquid (eg, liquid dispersion medium) exhibiting normal viscous behavior. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is in the range of -80 mV to +80 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is in the range of -50 mV to +50 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is in the range of -25 mV to +25 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is in the range of -10 mV to +10 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles comprise about -80 mV, about -70 mV, about -60 mV, about 50 mV, about -40 mV, about -30 mV, about -25 mV, about -20 mV, about -15 mV, about −10 mV, or about −5 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta of about +50 mV, about +40 mV, about +30 mV, about +25 mV, about +20 mV, about +15 mV, about +10 mV, or about +5 mV Has a potential. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential of about 0 mV.

In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −80 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −70 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −60 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −50 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −40 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −30 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −5 mV to about −20 mV.

In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −15 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −80 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −70 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −60 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −50 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −40 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −30 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about −20 mV.

In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −80 mV to about −70 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −70 mV to about −60 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −60 mV to about −50 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −50 mV to about −40 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −40 mV to about −30 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −30 mV to about −20 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −20 mV to about −10 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −10 mV to about 0 mV.

In some embodiments, nanoparticles have a zeta potential that is about −15 mV to about −20 mV. In some embodiments, nanoparticles comprise about −5 mV, about −6 mV, about −7 mV, about −8 mV, about −9 mV, −10 mV, about −11 mV, about −12 mV, about −13 a zeta potential of mV, about -14 mV, about -15 mV, about 16 mV, about -17 mV, about -18 mV, about -19 mV, or about -20 mV.

Nanoparticle compositions are generally emulsions or dispersions. In some embodiments, the composition is an “oil-in-water” dispersion (eg, when oily particles are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium); In some embodiments, the composition is a "water-in-oil" dispersion (eg, when the aqueous particles are dispersed in an oily dispersion medium).

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions do not require toxic solvents. In contrast, many conventional schemes for inducing nanoparticle formation in compositions utilize toxic (generally organic) solvents. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions do not require a polymer. In contrast, many conventional schemes for preparing compositions comprising nanoparticle structures require polymers.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions have better tissue absorption and / or better biocompatibility than other nanoparticle compositions. For example, in some embodiments, the nanoparticle compositions are not uniform and have better tissue absorption and / or more than nanoparticle compositions using one or more toxic (eg organic) solvents, and / or using one or more polymers. Has better biocompatibility.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are stable. In some embodiments, the stabilized nanoparticle composition may have an average particle size, a maximum particle size, a particle size range, and / or a particle size distribution (eg, a proportion of particles having a size above a specified size and / or proportion of particles outside a specified size range). ) Is maintained for a certain time. In some embodiments, the time is at least about 1 hour; In some embodiments the time is about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 1 day, about 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4 months, about 5 months, about 6 months, About 8 months, about 10 months, about 12 months, about 24 months, or more. In some embodiments, the time is in the range of about 1 day to about 24 months, about 2 weeks to about 12 months, about 2 months to about 5 months, and the like. For example, if the nanoemulsion particle population is subjected to prolonged storage, temperature change, and / or pH change, so that most of the nanoparticles in the population remain within the specified range (eg, approximately 10 nm to about 120 nm), Nanoparticle compositions are stable. In some such populations, most are about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5 At least about 99.6%, about 99.7%, about 99.8%, about 99.9%, or about 99.9%. In some embodiments, when the nanoparticle composition comprises at least one biologically active substance, the nanoparticle composition is stable if the concentration of biologically active substance (eg, botulinum toxin) is maintained in the composition for a specified time under specified conditions. .

As described herein, nanoparticle compositions are useful for a variety of cosmetic and / or medical uses. Such compositions may be delivered to the individual via transdermal delivery. In some embodiments, such compositions include botulinum toxin. The botulinum nanoparticle composition should be readily distinguished from the other botulinum-toxin-containing compositions described. For example, Donovan has described an integrated recipe into liquid vesicles for transdermal delivery (US Patent Publication 2004/0009180; incorporated by reference). Such vesicles require hybridization of reinforcing agents such as alcohols for the absorption of botulinum toxin through the skin. Donovan also describes neurotoxins incorporated into transferosomes, which are deformable carriers that include lipids and membrane softeners ( Hofer) et al, 2000, World J. Surg ., 24: 1187; and US Patent 6,165,500; These two documents are incorporated in the references). Donovan clearly explains the preparation of cholate sodium liposomes incorporating phosphatidyl choline + botulinum toxin.

Suvanprakorn et al . describes a suspension of liposome-encapsulated material in separated macro-beads; One of the literally hundreds of compounds that can be modified by encapsulation is "BOTOX®" (US Patent Publication 2004/0224012; incorporated by reference). Contemplated methods of making such multilamellar vesicle liposomes include lyophilization / rehydration and organic solution dehydration / aqueous rehydration. It is expected that microparticle sized vesicles can be produced by such a conventional liposome production method.

Preparation of Nanoparticle Composition

In general, nanoparticle compositions can be prepared by any available method. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are prepared by chemical means. However, chemical means often require toxic (generally organic) solvents; In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are made in accordance with the present invention without the use of such solvents.

High shear ( High Shear Force )

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions according to the invention are self-assembled from a composite component population. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are prepared by applying high shear forces to component (eg, “premix”) composites. As used herein, "shear force" refers to forces that are perpendicular to the surface of a material and are parallel or tangential to the material plane. In some embodiments, the high shear force is provided by high pressure, by cavitation, by homogenization, and / or by microfluidization. In some embodiments, the composite nanoparticle-forming component is disturbed, stirred or mixed. In some such embodiments, the components are subjected to high shear forces after mixing. In some specific embodiments, the mixture is for a period of time, such as about 1 minute, about 3 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 45 minutes, about 1 hour, about 2 hours , About 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 6 hours, about 7 hours, about 8 hours, about 9 hours, about 10 hours, about 11 hours, about 12 hours, about 13 hours, about 14 hours, or Runs for about 15 hours. In some specific embodiments, the mixing is for at least 15 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 1 hour, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 6 hours. Runs at least 7 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 13 hours, at least 14 hours, or at least 15 hours. In some specific embodiments, the mixing is for a period of time, for example, less than 15 minutes, less than 30 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 1 hour, less than 2 hours, less than 3 hours, less than 4 hours, less than 5 hours, less than 6 hours , Less than 7 hours, less than 8 hours, less than 9 hours, less than 10 hours, less than 11 hours, less than 12 hours, less than 13 hours, less than 14 hours, or less than 15 hours. In some embodiments, solubilization occurs.

Any method known in the art can be used to create high shear forces. In some embodiments, cavitation is used to create high shear forces. According to the present invention, the use of mechanical energy (eg high shear forces) can replace or minimize the need for expensive and / or toxic chemical solvents; It can increase the rate at which nanoparticles are assembled, increase the yield of nanoparticles produced within a particular mix of components, and / or significantly reduce the overall cost of preparing nanoemulsion compositions. Moreover, in these embodiments where biologically active materials (eg, botulinum toxin) are incorporated into the nanoparticle composition, the high shear force allows the loading capacity of the nanoparticles to be compared to conventional methods of making nanoparticles. may increase the loading capacity. In conventional methods, the loading of material in or on the surface of the nanoparticles generally relies on the diffusion of the material into and / or the surface of the nanoparticles. According to the present invention, the use of high shear forces can produce smaller particles (eg, average) and / or particles with a narrower particle size distribution in the nanoparticle composition.

In some embodiments, the high shear force is obtained by exposure to high pressure, for example by continuous turbulence at high pressure, for example at a high pressure of about 15,000 psi. In some embodiments, such high pressures range from about 18,000 psi to about 26,000 psi; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in a range from about 20,000 psi to about 25,000 psi; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in the range of about 25,000 psi to about 30,000 psi; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in a range from about 30,000 psi to about 35,000 psi; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in a range from about 30,000 psi to about 40,000 psi; In some embodiments, the high pressure is in the range of about 40,000 psi to about 50,000 psi.

In some embodiments, the high shear force or high pressure is performed by cavitation or high pressure homogenization.

In some embodiments, the high shear force can be implemented by passing through equipment such as, for example, Microfluidizer® Processor (Microfluidics Corporation / MFIC Corporation) or other similar device. Microfluidizer® Processors provide high pressure and high shear rates produced by accelerating the product at high speed to reduce size through the microchannel into the nanoparticle range. The fluid splits in two and proceeds through microchannels of typical size of 75 microns at high speed (range of 50 m / s to 300 m / s). When the fluid exits the microchannel, a jet is formed, which collides with the jet of the opposing microchannel. In the channel, the fluid will experience high shear (up to 10 ⁷ 1 / s) in the range of 10 times more than conventional techniques. Jet collisions result in mixing at the submicron level. Thus, high shear and collisions are responsible for particle size reduction and multiphase fluid mixing in the Microfluidizer® technology.

More generally, the microfluidizer can be any device that operates a single action booster pump. Intensifier pumps expand the water pressure to the selected level and deliver this pressure to the product air stream. As the pump moves through the pressure stroke, it drives the product at a constant pressure through the interaction chamber. Fixed-shaped microchannels are specially designed in which the product airflow is accelerated at high speeds in the interaction chamber, creating high shear and impact forces when the high-speed product airflow hits itself and the abrasion resistant surface, resulting in a uniform nanoparticle composition (e.g., Nanoemulsion).

At the end of the pressure stroke, the intensifier pump turns and draws in a new volume of product. At the end of the suction stroke, the direction is again reversed to propel the product at a constant pressure to repeat the process.

Upon exiting the interaction chamber, the product is moved through a mounted heat exchanger that will regulate the product to the desired temperature. At this point, the product is either recycled through the system for further processing or moved outward to the next step of the process (U.S. Patent 4,533,254; 4,908,154; both incorporated herein by reference).

In some embodiments, the sample is “microfluidized” through exposure to high shear forces for less than 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the time is less than about 9 minutes, less than about 8 minutes, less than about 7 minutes, less than about 6 minutes, less than about 5 minutes, less than about 4 minutes, less than about 3 minutes, less than about 2 minutes, or about 1 Minutes. In some embodiments, the time is about 1 minute to about 2 minutes or less; In some embodiments, the time is about 30 seconds.

In some embodiments, the sample is “microfluidized” through a single exposure to high shear force; Such embodiments are referred to herein as "single pass" microfluidics.

Premix  Composition ( Premix Composition )

The present invention includes the recognition that providing high shear forces to the premix produces nanoparticle compositions, in particular uniform nanoparticle compositions.

In general, the premixes from which nanoparticle compositions are made through the provision of high shear forces are expected to include at least two immiscible materials, one of which is the dispersion medium (e.g., particles (e.g. Liquid medium dispersed in the particle composition). “Oil in oil” dispersion is the dispersion of oily particles in an aqueous dispersion medium. A “water in water” dispersion is the dispersion of aqueous particles in an oily dispersion medium. Distributors in the field of the invention can be formed from any two immiscible media, and are not strictly limited to aqueous and oily media complexes. Thus, "dispersion medium" is commonly applied to the "aqueous" and "oily" categories, but is broadly applicable to any dispersion medium.

Thus, in some embodiments, the premix comprises an aqueous dispersion medium and an oily medium that is dispersed in nanoparticle form within the dispersion medium; In some embodiments, the premix comprises an oily dispersion medium and an aqueous medium dispersed in nanoparticle form in the oily dispersion medium.

Those skilled in the art will recognize suitable aqueous media that can be used as dispersion media or media to be dispersed in accordance with the invention. Representative such aqueous media are, for example, water, salt solutions (phosphate buffered salts), water for injection, short chain alcohol, 5% dextrose, Ringer solution (lactated Ringer's injection, lactated) Ringer + 5% dextrose injection, acylated Ringer injection), normosol-M, isolite E, and the like, and combinations thereof.

Those skilled in the art will recognize suitable oily media that can be used as the dispersion medium or medium to be dispersed according to the invention. In some embodiments, the oil may comprise one or more fatty acid groups or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group is a digestible, long chain (eg, C ₈ -C ₅₀ ), substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be a C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ fatty acid or salt thereof. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be a C ₁₅ -C _{2 O} fatty acid or salt thereof. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be a C ₁₅ -C ₂₅ fatty acid or salt thereof. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be a medium chain triglyceride. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group may be unsaturated. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be monounsaturated. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group can be polyunsaturated. In some embodiments, the double bond of an unsaturated fatty acid group can be in the cis locus. In some embodiments, the double bond of unsaturated fatty acid can be in the trans configuration .

In some embodiments, the fatty acid group will be at least one butyric acid, capronic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid or lignoseric acid Can be. In some embodiments, the fatty acid group is at least one palmitoreic acid, oleic acid, basenic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, gamma-linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, gadoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosaenoenoic acid, or erucy It can be a mountain.

In some embodiments, the oil is liquid triglycerides. In some embodiments, the oil is medium chain triglycerides. Generally, medium chain triglycerides are fatty acids containing 6-12 carbon atoms (e.g., caprylic acid, octanoic acid, capric acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, etc.) and are from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Can be obtained. In some embodiments, the 1349 oil is a medium-chain triglyceride that may be used in accordance with the present invention.

Representative such oily media are, for example, saturated and unsaturated almonds, apricot kernels, avocados, babassu palms, bergamot, black algae, chichi, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, brazilian wax, castor , Cinnamon, Cocoa Butter, Coconut, Cod Liver, Coffee, Corn, Cottonseed, Emu, Eucalyptus, Evening Primrose, Fish, Flaxseed, Geraniol, Gourd, Grape Seed, Hazelnut Nut, Hyssop, Jojoba, Cooked Nut, Labandine , Lavender, Lemon, Maychang, Macadamia Nut, Mallow, Mango Seed, Meadowfoam Seed, Mink, Nutmeg, Olive, Orange, Orange Rough, Palm, Palm Kernel, Peach Grain, Peanut, Poppy Seed, Pumpkin Seed, Rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sascuana, chives, sea buckthorn, sesame, sieber, silicone, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tumbler, vetiver, walnut, malt oil; Butyl stearate; Capryl triglycerides; Capric triglycerides; Cyclomethicone; Diethyl sebacate; Dimethicone 360; Isopropyl myristate; Mineral oils; Octyldodecanol; Oleyl alcohol; Silicone oils; Medium length-chain triglyceride oils; 1349 oil; And combinations thereof.

In addition to the two immiscible media, the premixes according to the invention are for example one or more surfactants or emulsifiers. Suitable such surfactants or emulsifiers include phosphoglycerides; Phosphatidylcholine; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC); Dioleylphosphidyl ethanolamine (DOPE); Dioleyloxypropyltriethylammonium (DOTMA); Dioleylphosphatidylcholine; cholesterol; Cholesterol esters; Diacylglycerols; Diacylglycerol succinate; Diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG); Hexanedecanol; Fatty alcohols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG); Polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether; Surface active fatty acids such as palmitic acid or oleic acid; Fatty acid; Fatty acid monoglycerides; Fatty acid diglycerides; Fatty acid amides; Sorbitan trioleate (SPAN®85) glycocholate; Sorbitan monolaurate (SPAN®20); Polysorbate 20 (TWEEN®20); Polysorbate 60 (TWEEN®60); Polysorbate 65 (TWEEN®65); Polysorbate 80 (TWEEN®80); Polysorbate 85 (TWEEN®85); Super-purified polysorbate 20 (SR TWEEN®20); Super-purified polysorbate 60 (SR TWEEN®60); Super-purified polysorbate 65 (SR TWEEN®65); Super-purified polysorbate 80 (SR TWEEN®80); Super-purified polysorbate 85 (SR TWEEN®85); Polyoxyethylene monostearate; Sulfectin; Poloxomers; Sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan trioleate; lecithin; Lysocithin; Phosphatidylserine; Phosphatidylinositol; Sphingomyelin; Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin); Cardiolipin; Phosphatidic acid; Cerebroside; Dicetyl phosphate; Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol; Stearylamine; Dodecylamine; Hexadecyl-amine; Acetyl palmitate; Glycerol ricinoleate; Hexadecyl stearate; Isopropyl myristate; Tiloxapol; Poly (ethylene glycol) 5000-phosphatidylethanolamine; Poly (ethylene glycol) 400-monostearate; Phospholipids; Synthetic and / or natural detergents with high surfactant properties; Deoxycholate; Cyclodextrins; Chaotropic salts; Ion pairing materials; And combinations thereof. The surfactant component can be a mixture of different surfactants. Such surfactants can be extracted from natural materials, purified or prepared synthetically in the laboratory. In some embodiments, surfactants are commercially available.

In some embodiments, all components present in the final nanoparticle composition are present in the premix and subjected to high shear forces to make the nanoparticle composition. In some embodiments, one or more components present in the final nanoparticle composition are absent from the premix and present in the premix in a smaller amount than is present in the final nanoparticle composition. That is, in some embodiments, one or more materials are added to the nanoparticle composition after the premix is subjected to high shear forces.

In certain embodiments, the premix is prepared in solution prior to receiving high shear forces. In particular, in the case of nanoparticle compositions comprising at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin), it may be desirable to dissolve the therapeutic agent in the premix before high shear forces are provided. Thus, in many embodiments, the therapeutic agent is soluble in at least one medium (or medium complex used in the premix). In some embodiments, such dissolution requires heating; In other embodiments, no heating is required.

In some embodiments, the premix component may be assembled into particles before high shear force is provided. At least some of such particles are microparticles or nanoparticles. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are prepared from premixes, wherein the premixes are selected from the group comprising suspensions or microemulsions. In some embodiments, no particulate structure is formed in the premix before high shear forces are provided.

In certain embodiments, the relevant amount of the premix component is selected or adjusted to produce nanoparticles with the desired properties. In some embodiments, the premix comprises oil and surfactant in a ratio in the range of 0.5-10. In some embodiments, the ratio of oil to surfactant is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, approximately 2: 1, approximately 3: 1, approximately 4: 1, approximately 5: 1, approximately 6: 1, approximately 7: 1, about 8: 1, about 9: 1 or about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to oil is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, approximately 2: 1, approximately 3: 1, approximately 4: 1, approximately 5: 1, approximately 6: 1, approximately 7: 1, about 8: 1, about 9: 1 or about 10: 1.

In some embodiments, oils and surfactants are used in proportions ranging from 0.5 to 2. In certain embodiments, the ratio of oil to surfactant is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, or approximately 2: 1. In certain embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to oil is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, or approximately 2: 1. In certain specific embodiments, the ratio of oil to surfactant is approximately 1: 1.

In some embodiments, water and surfactant are used at a ratio of 0.5 to 10. In some embodiments, the ratio of water and surfactant is about 0.5: 1, about 1: 1, about 2: 1, about 3: 1, about 4: 1, about 5: 1, about 6: 1, about 7: 1, about 8: 1, about 9: 1 or about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to water is about 0.5: 1, about 1: 1, about 2: 1, about 3: 1, about 4: 1, about 5: 1, about 6: 1, about 7: 1 , About 8: 1, about 9: 1 or about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the ratio of water and surfactant is used at a ratio in the range of 0.5 to 2. In certain embodiments, the ratio of water to surfactant is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, or approximately 2: 1. In certain embodiments, the ratio of surfactant to water is approximately 0.5: 1, approximately 1: 1, or approximately 2: 1. In certain specific embodiments, the ratio of water to surfactant is approximately 1: 1. In some embodiments, a composition utilizing such a water to surfactant ratio comprises a water-in-oil emulsion.

In some embodiments, the percentage of oil in the premix is in the range of 0% to 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of oil in the premix ranges from 0% to 5%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 15%, 15% to 20%, 20% to 25%, or 25% to 30% All. In some embodiments, the percentage of oil in the premix is in the range of 0% to 10%, 0% to 20%, or 0% to 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of oil in the premix is in the range of 10% to 20% or 10% to 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of oil in the premix is in the range of 20% to 30%.

In some embodiments the percentage of oil in the premix is about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11% , About 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29% or about 30%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 10%. In some embodiments, the oil is approximately 9%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 8%. In some embodiments the oil percentage is approximately 7%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 6%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 5%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 4%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 3%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 2%. In some embodiments, the oil percentage is approximately 1%.

The percentage of water in the premix ranges from 0% to 99%, 10% to 99%, 25% to 99%, 50% to 99%, or 75% to 99%. In some embodiments, the percentage of water in the premix is 0% to 75%, 0% to 50%, 0% to 25%, or 0% to 10%. In some embodiments, the percentage of water in the premix is 0% to 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of water is is approximately 1%, approximately 2%, approximately 3%, approximately 4%, approximately 5%, approximately 6%, approximately 7%, approximately 9%, approximately 10%, approximately 11%, approximately 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24% , About 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81% , About 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%. In some embodiments, the percentage of water is approximately 83%. In some embodiments the percentage of water is approximately 9%. In some embodiments the percentage of water is approximately 5%.

In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant in the premix is 0% -30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant in the premix is about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23% , About 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, or about 30%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 10%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 9%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 8%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 7%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 6%. In some embodiments, the percentage of surfactant is approximately 5%.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions do not comprise one or more oils. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions may comprise two or more oils. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions do not include one or more surfactants. In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions can include two or more surfactants.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions consist essentially of water, oils, surfactants, and therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin). In some embodiments, the nanoparticle composition consists essentially of water, oils, surfactants, at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin), and at least one substance (eg, protein, salt, used to produce and preserve the nanoparticle composition, Etc.).

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are comprised of water, oils, surfactants, and therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprise water, oils, surfactants, at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin), and at least one substance (eg, protein, salt, etc.) used to produce and preserve the nanoparticle composition. It consists of.

remedy

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions can include one or more therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, one or more therapeutic agents are incorporated into the premix, which premix is subjected to high shear forces to make the nanoparticle composition. In some embodiments, one or more therapeutic agents can be mixed with the nanoparticle composition when formulating the pharmaceutical composition.

Botulinum  toxin

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is naturally produced by anaerobic, gram positive Bacillus Clostridium botulinum and is a powerful polypeptide neurotoxin. Most strikingly, BTX is a cause of neuroplegic disease in humans and animals, which is termed Bottlis poisoning. BTX clearly passes through the gastrointestinal lining to attack peripheral motor neurons. Symptoms of botulinum toxin poisoning can range from difficulty walking, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, to respiratory muscle paralysis and death.

BTX-A is the most deadly naturally occurring biological substance known to man. LD ₅₀ is about 50 picograms in female Swiss Webster mice (18 g-20 g) for commercial BTX-A; This quantity is defined as 1 Unit of BTX-A. Based on the molar amount, BTX-A is about 1.8 billion times more lethal than diphtheria, about 600 million times more than cyanide sodium, about 30 million times more than cobra toxin, and about 12 million times more than cholera More lethality ( Singh , et. al , ed ., " Critical Aspects of Bacteria protein Toxins " Natural Toxins II , pp . 63-84, Plenum Press , New York , 1996 ).

Different serotypes of botulinum toxin vary depending on the animal species they affect, the severity and duration of the paralysis they cause. For example, BTX-A was determined to be at least 500 times stronger than BTX-B when measured by the paralysis rate seen in rats. In addition, BTX-B was determined to be non-toxic in primates at a dose of 480 U / kg, about 12 times that of primate LD ₅₀ for BTX-A. Moreover, botulinum toxin type B is known to have a short cycle of activity upon intramuscular injection and to be less potent than BTX-A at the same dosage level.

Botulinum toxins obviously bind to cholinergic motor neurons with high affinity, are translocated into neurons, and block the release of acetylcholine and other pre-formed mediators and transporters. For example, the embodiment in neuron except for the movement in neurons In vitro studies, botulinum toxin does not only block acetylcholine release, but also small organic molecules and neuropeptides (e.g., adrenaline; noradrenaline; dopamine; glutamate; aspartate; glycine; GABA; acetylcholine and / or glutamate) The release of other neurotransmitters (neurotransmitters stored in the vesicles) may also interfere with ATP co-stored with neurotransmitters; substance P; and / or CGRP. ( Poulain , 2008, Botulinum J., 1: 14 ; incorporated by reference).

Botulinum toxin has been used in clinical settings for the treatment of certain neuromuscular disorders. In particular, BTX-A may be used to treat neck dyskinesia to reduce neck pain associated with abnormal head position and neck dyskinesia in adults; In the treatment of severe primary fluids and hyperhidrosis improperly administered with topical substances; For treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including benign essential blepharospasm or VII neurological disorders in patients 12 years of age or older; And US FDA approval for the temporary improvement of the appearance of normal to deep wrinkles in the middle of the head associated with the pectoral and nasal muscles (muscle) muscle activity in elderly patients 65 years of age and older.

Clinical effects of peripheral intramuscular BTX0A are usually confirmed within one week after injection. The duration of symptomatic relief from a single intramuscular injection of BTX-A averages about 3 months.

All botulinum toxin serotypes inhibit release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine upon neuromuscular injection, but inhibit release by affecting and / or cleaving neurosecretory proteins at different sites. For example, both botulinum types A and E cleave 25 kilodalton (kD) of synaptosome associated protein (SNAP-25), but target different amino acid sequences within these proteins. Botulinum toxin types B, D, F and G act on vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP, also known as synaptobrevin), and each serotype cleaves the protein at different sites. Finally, botulinum toxin type C ₁ has been shown to cleave both syntaxin and SNAP-25. Such differences in mechanism of action may affect the relative potency and / or duration of action of various botulinum toxin serotypes. The cytosol of pancreatic islet B is at least SNAP-25 ( Gonelle - Gispert et al , 1999, Biochem . J., 339 ( pt 1): 159-65 ; And Sinabtobrevin ( 1995, Mov. Disord., 10: 376 ; incorporated by reference).

In all seven known botulinum toxin serum types, the molecular weight of the botulinum toxin protein molecule is about 150 kD. Botulinum toxin is released by Clostridium bacteria into a complex composed of non-toxin proteins associated with 150 kD botulinum toxin protein molecules. Thus, the BTX-A complex can be produced in 900 kD, 500 kD and 360 kD forms by Clostridium bacteria. Botulinum toxin types B and C ₁ are produced only in 500 kD complexes. Botulinum toxin type D is produced in 300 kD and 500 kD complexes. Finally, botulinum toxin types E and F are produced only in approximately 300 kD complexes.

BTX complexes (eg, these compositions have a molecular weight of at least about 150 kD) appear to include non-toxin hemagglutinin proteins and non-toxin and non-toxic non-hemagglutinin proteins. These two non-toxin proteins (including neurotoxin complexes associated with botulinum toxin molecules) can act to provide stability to denaturation of botulinum toxin molecules and to protect against digestive acids when ingested toxins. .

BTX proteins or BTX complexes may be used according to the present invention. Moreover, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that fragments of BTX proteins or complexes that possess appropriate activity may also be used as described herein.

In In vitro studies, botulinum toxin has been shown to inhibit potassium cation induced release of acetylcholine and norepinephrine from primary cell cultures of brain stem tissue. In addition, botulinum toxin inhibits the induced release of glycine and glutamate in primary cultures of spinal neurons, and botulinum toxin in brain synaptosome preparations has been shown to affect the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, CGRP and glutamate. It has been reported to inhibit release.

As mentioned above, the source of botulinum toxin is not critical to the present invention. However, for the sake of clarity, it is noted that a variety of sources may be used, including commercially available sources, for botulinum toxin preparations.

For example, the BTX or BTX complex can be obtained by establishing Clostridium botulinum in a fermentor, growing the culture, and collecting and purifying the fermented mixture according to known procedures. All botulinum toxin serotypes are first synthesized as inactive single chain proteins and must be cleaved or nicked by proteases to have neuroactivity. Bacterial strains making botulinum toxin serotypes A and G have endogenous proteases. Thus, serotypes A and G can be recovered primarily from their bacterial culture in their active form. In contrast, botulinum toxin serotypes C ₁ , D and E are synthesized as non-proteolytic strains and are therefore generally inactive when recovered from culture. Serotypes B and F are produced by proteolytic and non-proteolytic strains and thus can be recovered in active or inactive form. However, for example, proteolytic strains that produce the BTX-A serotype generally cleave only a portion of the toxin produced. The exact ratio of nicked and unnicked molecules depends on the duration of the culture and the temperature of the culture. Thus, for example, certain portions of any preparation of BTX-A may be inactive. The presence of inactive botulinum toxin molecules in clinical formulations contributes to the overall protein load in the formulation and leads to increased antigenicity in some commercially available botulinum toxin formulations without contributing to clinical effects.

High quality crystalline botulinum toxin type A is ^{≥ 3 x 10 7 U / mg} , A260 / A278 is less than 0.60, and gel Clostridium botulinum with characteristics of a distinct band pattern on electrophoresis statue (Clostridium botulinum ) can be produced from Hall A strain. Known Schantz processes can be used to obtain crystalline botulinum toxin including type A ( Shantz et al , 1992, microbial . Rev. , 56:80 ; Incorporated in references).

In general, the botulinum toxin complex can be isolated and purified from anaerobic fermentation by culturing Clostridium botulinum (eg, Type A) in a suitable medium. When isolating non-toxin proteins, pure botulinum toxin, for example: purified botulinum toxin type A, having a molecular weight of approximately 150 kD with a specific potency of 1-2 × 10 ⁸ LD ₅₀ U / mg or more; Purified botulinum toxin type B having an approximately 156 kD molecular weight with a specific efficacy of 1-2 × 10 ⁸ LD ₅₀ U / mg or more; And known processes can be used to obtain purified botulinum toxin type F having an approximately 155 kD molecular weight with a specific potency of 1-2 × 10 ⁷ LD ₅₀ U / mg or more.

Alternatively or additionally, the already prepared and purified botulinum toxins and toxin complexes are listed, for example, in List Biological Laboratories , Inc. , Campbell , CA ; the Center for Applied Microbiology and Research , Porton Down , UK; Wako ( Osaka , Japan ) , as well as Sigma Chemicals of St. Louis, MO .

Pure botulinum toxin is unstable when administered as a free solution and is therefore not commonly used when making pharmaceutical compositions. Moreover, botulinum toxin complexes, such as toxin type A complexes, are susceptible to denaturation due to surface denaturation, heat, and alkaline conditions. In some cases, the inactivated toxin forms a toxid protein, which may be immune. The resulting antibodies can be given to patients who are refractory to toxin injection.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a botulinum toxin nanoparticle composition (eg, nanoemulsion), wherein the botulinum toxin has improved stability as compared to the current administration in a free solution. That is, in some embodiments, the botulinum toxin present in the nanoparticle composition is at least partially protected from at least one adverse condition such as heat, alkaline conditions, acidic conditions, degrading enzymes, host organism antibodies, and the like. Alternatively or additionally, the botulinum toxin present in the nanoparticle composition may exhibit somewhat less surface denaturation as compared to the botulinum toxin preparation in free solution. Surface denaturation refers to protein denaturation due to interaction with the protein and the surface (eg, the wall of the container in which the protein is stored) or with the air (at the interface between the nanoparticle composition and the air).

Moreover, one surprising aspect of the present invention is that it can be stabilized if botulinum toxin is incorporated into the nanoparticle composition. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the nanoparticle compositions according to the invention may be prepared by any available means. In some embodiments, the present invention allows for the use of isolated botulinum toxin rather than at least partially botulinum toxin complex due to the additional stability imparted by incorporation into the nanoparticle composition.

The present invention also provides a botulinum toxin nanoparticle composition (eg, nanoemulsion), which improves skin penetration as compared to the present when administered in free solution. In some embodiments, it may have a method of administration that has improved effectiveness and reduced side effects with minimal time between administration and intracellular accumulation.

However, as described herein, the present invention provides botulinum toxin nanoparticle compositions in which botulinum toxin passes through the skin without alteration or rupture of the skin structure. For example, currently available techniques for transdermal administration of biologically active substances require at least chemical, physical, electrical or other rupture of the outer layers of the skin. Such rupture can lead to irritation, undesirable medical side effects and / or undesirable aesthetic consequences. The present invention provides botulinum toxin nanoparticles which, when administered to the skin, allow the penetration of botulinum toxin into the skin without causing serious or noticeable irritation to the skin and / or without eroding the stratum corneum and having the biological effect of botulinum toxin. To provide a composition.

As a protein, in general, the biological activity of botulinum toxin (intracellular peptidase) can be affected by the three-dimensional structure. Thus, botulinum toxin type A can be detoxified by heat, various chemicals, surface stretching and surface drying. In addition, dilution of the toxin complex obtained by known culture, expression and purification to a really low toxin concentration used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions results in rapid removal of the toxin when no suitable stabilizer is present. Dilution of the mg amount of toxin with a solution containing ng per ml is quite difficult because at this considerable dilution the specific toxicity is quickly lost. Since the toxin may be used for months or years after the toxin containing pharmaceutical composition has been formulated, a solution preparation of the toxin may be formulated with a stabilizer such as albumin.

As noted above, the present invention may provide a stabilized preparation of botulinum toxin. Despite the additional stability imparted by the formulation itself, in some embodiments, the use of additional stabilizers is also contemplated. For example, in some embodiments, at least one additional protein is used in conjunction with botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, such additional proteins include albumin. In some embodiments, such additional proteins include one or more proteins naturally found in the botulinum toxin complex. Moreover, in some embodiments, complete botulinum toxin complexes are used. In some such embodiments, albumin was also used. Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides botulinum nanoemulsions (eg, microfluidized nanoemulsions) comprising albumin.

In some embodiments, the botulinum toxin used is BOTOX® (Allergan, Inc.). BOTOX® consists of purified botulinum toxin type A complex, albumin and sodium chloride, packaged in sterile, vacuum-dried form.

Botulinum toxin type A present in BOTOX® is made from a Hall strain culture of Clostridium botulinum grown in a medium comprising NZ amine and yeast extract. The botulinum toxin type A complex is purified into a crystalline complex consisting of hemagglutinin protein associated with at least one high molecular weight toxin protein that is active by continuous acid precipitation from the culture solution (eg, Shantz et al. al , 1992, Microbiol . Rev. , 56:80 ; Incorporated in references). The crystalline complex is redissolved in a solution containing salt and albumin and sterilized (0.2 microns) prior to vacuum-drying. BOTOX® can be reconstituted with sterile non-preserved salts prior to intramuscular injection. Each vial of BOTOX® contains approximately 100 U of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A purified neurotoxin complex, 0.5 mg human serum albumin, and 0.9 mg sodium chloride in a sterile-vacuum-dried form without preservatives do.

Currently, BOTOX® is generally reconstituted with 0.9% sodium chloride for administration by injection. Because there is a concern that BOTOX® may be denatured by bubbling or similar vigorous stirring, diluents are recommended to be gently injected into vials. As a free solution, we recommend that BOTOX® be administered within 4 hours of reconstitution. Furthermore, it is recommended that BOTOX® reconstituted between reconstitution and injection be stored in the refrigerator (eg 2 ° C. to 8 ° C.). Reconstituted BOTOX® is a clear, colorless particle material.

BOTOX® has been used in clinical settings as follows (eg, Poulain , 2008, Botulinum J., 1: 14; incorporated in the reference):

(1) intramuscular injections (multiple muscles) to treat neck tension disorders about 75 U-125 U BOTOX® per dose;

(2) 5 U-10 U BOTOX® (5 U intramuscular injection into the root muscles and 10 U intramuscular injection into each pectoral muscle) per intramuscular injection to treat glabellar folds (deep wrinkles);

(3) BOTOX® of about 30 U-80 U for the treatment of constipation by intrasphage intramuscular injection of the promenade sphincter muscle;

(4) Injecting about 1 U-5 U BOTOX® per muscle injected into the muscle to treat blepharospasm into the lateral anteroposterior muscles of the upper lip and the lateral anterior muscles of the lower lip;

(5) For treating strabismus, about 1 U -5 U of BOTOX® is injected intramuscularly into the muscles of the orbital column, the amount injected varies depending on the size of the injected muscle and the desired degree of muscle paralysis (e.g. desired diopter correction). Become.

(6) To treat upper limb stiffness after seizure, intramuscular injection of BOTOX® into five different upper flexor muscles as follows:

(a) flexor digitorum profundus: 7.5 U to 30 U

(b) flexor digitorum sublimus: 7.5 U to 30 U

(c) flexor carpi ulnaris: 10 U to 40 U

(d) flexor carpi radialis: 15 U to 60 U

(e) biceps brachii: 50 U to 200 U

By injecting each of the five specified muscles in the same treatment period, the patient received 90 U to 360 U of BOTOX® through the intramuscular injection during each treatment period.

(7) For the treatment of migraines, 25U BOTOX ＠ cranial periosteal injections (symmetrically injected into the temporal, prefrontal, and temporal muscles) use migraines frequency, maximum severity, associated vomiting, and acute dosing over 3 months after 25U injection. This has been shown to be reduced, showing significant advantages as a prophylactic treatment when compared to vehicle.

The present invention relates to a botulinum nanoparticle composition incorporated into a cream applied to the skin for transdermal delivery of toxins when compared to the histological results observed when injected with the same amount of botulinum toxin containing BOTOX®. Decrease) (for example, Examples 4 and 5).

The positive clinical response of botulinum toxin type A has also attracted interest in other botulinum toxin serotypes. Two commercially available botulinum type A preparations (BOTOX® and DYSPORT®) and botulinum toxin types B and F (both Wako A study from Chemicals , Japan ) was conducted to determine local muscle weakness effect, stability and antigenic potential in mice. Botulinum toxin preparations were injected into the head of the right gastrocnemius muscle (0.5-200.0 U / kg) and muscle weakness was assessed using a mouse digital abduction scoring assay (DAS). ED ₅₀ values were calculated from dose response curves.

Additional mice were injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally to determine the LD ₅₀ dose. The therapeutic index was calculated as LD ₅₀ / ED ₅₀ . Separate groups of mice were injected with BOTOX® (5.0-10.0 U / kg) or botulinum toxin type B (50.0-400.0 U / kg) in their hind legs and tested for muscle weakness and increased water intake. It was an estimated model for the mouth. Peak muscle weakness and duration were associated with dose in all serotypes.

DAS ED ₅₀ values (U / kg) were as follows: BOTOX®: 6.7, DYSPORT®: 24.7, botulinum toxin type B: 27.0 to 244.0, botulinum toxin type F: 4.3. BOTOX® had a longer duration of action than botulinum toxin type B or botulinum toxin type F. Therapeutic index values were as follows: BOTOX®: 10.5, DYSPORT®: 6.3, botulinum toxin type B: 3.2. Water consumption was greater in mice injected with botulinum toxin type B than BOTOX®, but botulinum toxin type B was less effective in muscle weakness. The associated peak potency of botulinum toxin type A in the DAS results is equivalent to botulinum toxin type F, and botulinum toxin type F is greater than botulinum toxin type B. For the effect period, botulinum toxin type A is greater than botulinum toxin type B, and the effect period is greater than botulinum toxin type B than botulinum toxin type F. As indicated in the therapeutic index values, the two commercial formulations of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX® and DYSPORT®) are different. The increased water consumption behavior observed after hindlimb injection of botulinum toxin type B indicates that this serotype has introduced a clinically significant amount into the murine systemic circulation. In order to obtain an effect comparable to botulinum toxin type A in the results, it may be necessary to administer a dose of another serotype tested. However, increased doses may impair stability.

Antigenic capacity was assessed by intramuscular injection to rabbits monthly (1.5 or 6.5 ng / kg for botulinum toxin type B or 0.15 ng / kg for BOTOX®). Four months after injection, two rabbits out of four treated with 1.5 ng / kg and four out of four animals treated with 6.5 ng / kg developed antibodies to botulinum toxin type B. In a separate study, none of the nine rabbits treated with BOTOX® had antibodies to botulinum toxin type A. Thus, in rabbits, botulinum toxin type B was more antigenic than BOTOX®, possibly due to the high protein loading injected to obtain an effective dose of botulinum toxin type B ( Aoki , 1999, Eur . J. Neurol , 6: S3 - S10 ).

As shown herein, the present invention contemplates the use of botulinum toxin of any serotype. One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to assess the suitability of a particular serum type for a particular use and, according to the techniques described herein, would be able to prepare nanoparticle compositions containing such botulinum toxin. Accordingly, the present invention provides nanoparticle compositions containing botulinum toxin of any serum type, including compositions comprising only botulinum toxin proteins, and compositions containing one or more other proteins. In some embodiments, such other protein comprises or consists of albumin; In some embodiments, botulinum toxin complexes are used.

Commercially available botulinum toxins that can be used according to the invention include BOTOX®, DYSPORT® ( Clostridium botulinum type A toxin hemagglutinin complex with human serum albumin and lactose; Ispen Limited , Berkshire UK ), Xeomin®, PurTox®, Medy-Tox, NT-201 ( Merz Pharmaceuticals ), and / or MYOBLOC® (injectable solution consisting of botulinum toxin type B, human serum albumin, sodium succinate sodium, and sodium chloride, pH 5.6, Elan Pharmaceuticals , Dublin , Ireland ), and the like.

Useful Remedies for Treating Acne

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating acne. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is a topical fungicide, such as benzoyl peroxide, triclosan, and / or chlorohexidine gluconate. In addition to its therapeutic effect as a keratin soluble (eg, keratolytic soluble material), benzoyl peroxide can kill P. acnes to prevent new lesions. Benzoyl peroxide seems to reduce inflammation and follicular obstruction by reducing the presence of free fatty acids. In one study, approximately 70% of participants experienced a reduction in acne lesions after 6 weeks with 10% benzoyl peroxide solution. ( Dogra et al , 1993, Indian J. Dermatol . Venereol . Leprol , 59: 243-6 ; Incorporated in references). Benzoyl peroxide routinely causes dryness, local irritation and redness. Nanoemulsions according to the present invention can be prepared with ingredients (eg, oils, surfactants, aqueous media, excipients, etc.) that can reduce or alleviate one or more of these side effects. In some embodiments, the topical fungicide is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20% , About 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50% in the premix. In some embodiments, the topical fungicide is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20% Or in the nanoparticle composition at a concentration of about 25%. In some embodiments, topical fungicides range from about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present at a concentration of In some embodiments, the topical fungicide ranges from about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present at a concentration of

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is a topical antibiotic, for example erythromycin, clindamycin, stymycin, doxycycline, and / or tetracycline. Topical antibiotics usually kill bacteria (such as P. acnes ) hidden in the vesicles. Topical use of antibiotics may have an equivalent effect upon oral use, but topical administration may avoid side effects such as gastrointestinal upset and drug interactions (eg will not affect the use of oral contraceptives). In some embodiments, the topical antibiotic is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the premix. , About 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the topical antibiotic is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15 in the nanoparticle composition. %, About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, the topical antibiotic is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range. In some embodiments, the topical antibiotic is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is a hormone, eg, cortisone. Injected cortisone has the effect of flattening acne, making acne less noticeable and also aiding in the treatment process. Side effects of the injection may include temporary whitening of the skin around the injection site, small depressions and / or scar formation. In some embodiments, a hormone such as cortisone is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15 in the premix. %, About 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, a hormone such as cortisone is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about At a concentration of 15%, about 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, a hormone such as cortisone is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5 in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present in concentrations in the range of%. In some embodiments, a hormone such as cortisone is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50 in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present in concentrations in the range of%.

In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of acne are topical retinoids, such as tretinoin (RETIN-A®), adapalene (DIFFERIN®), and tazarotene (TAZORAC®), retinol, and the like. Topical retinoids can function in cell creation and apoptosis in hair follicle linings, thus preventing hyperkeratinization of these cells. Topical retinoids can cause serious irritation to the skin, so early acne can cause outbreaks and hot flashes. In some embodiments, the topical retinoid is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, in the premix, It is present at a concentration of about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the topical retinoid is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the nanoparticle composition. , About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, the topical retinoids range from about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present at a concentration of In some embodiments, the topical retinoids range from about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. It is present at a concentration of

In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of acne is a natural product having anti-acne activity, for example, Aloe vera, Aruna, Haldi (eg turmeric), Papaya, etc. ( Mantle et al , 2001 , Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxiological Reviews , 20: 89-103; Incorporated by reference). In some embodiments, the natural product with anti-acne activity is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10 %, About 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the natural product having anti-acne activity is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about At a concentration of 10%, about 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is azelaic acid (trade names AZELEX ™, FINACEA®, FINEVIN®, SKINOREN, and the like). In some embodiments, the azelaic acid is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, in the premix, It is present at a concentration of about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the azelaic acid is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the nanoparticle composition. , About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, the azelaic acid is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range. In some embodiments, the azelaic acid is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range.

In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is nicotinamide (eg, vitamin B3) ( Shalita et al , 1995, Int . J. Dermatol , 34: 434-7 ; Incorporated by reference). Topical nicotinamide appears to have anti-inflammatory activity and / or results in increased synthesis of collagen, keratin, involukrin and / or flaggrin. In some embodiments, nicotinamide is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, in the premix, It is present at a concentration of about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, nicotinamide is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the nanoparticle composition. , About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, nicotinamide is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range. In some embodiments, nicotinamide is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is tea tree oil (melaleuca oil). Tea tree oil has been shown to have an effective anti-inflammatory effect in skin infections ( Mantle et al ., 2001, Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxiological Reviews , 20: 89-103; Koh et al , 2002, Br . J. Dermatol , 147: 1212-7; and Khalil et al , 2004, J. Invest . Dermatol , 123: 683-90 ; All incorporated in the bibliography). In some embodiments, the tea tree oil is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, in the premix, It is present at a concentration of about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the tea tree oil is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the nanoparticle composition. , About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, the tea tree oil is about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range. In some embodiments, the tea tree oil comprises about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating acne is aminolevulinic acid, azithromycin, methylaminolevounate, nadifloxacin, PRK 124, thalazole, zirton, and / or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, such materials are about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15% in the premix , About 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, such materials are about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15 in the nanoparticle composition. %, About 20%, or about 25%. In some embodiments, such materials are about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 10%, or about 0.1% to about 5% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range. In some embodiments, such materials are about 0.1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, or about 25% to about 50% in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition. Present in a concentration range.

A variety of acne treatments are described, for example, by Krowchuk (2000, Pediatric Dermatology , 47: 841-857; Incorporated in reference); And Johnson et al (2000, American Family Physician , 62: 1823-1830 and 1835-1836 ; Incorporated by reference).

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle composition used to treat acne (eg, present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating acne may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the acne treatments described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not utilized in combination with one or more of the acne treatments described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful remedies for the treatment of sweat gland disorders

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating sweat gland disorders, such as hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), nausea (odor in the body), and / or nausea (color sweating). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating sweat gland disorders is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are antiperspirants such as aluminum chloride, aluminum chloride hydrate, aluminum-zirconium compounds, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex gly, ammonium alum, and the like. The aluminum-based complex reacts with the electrolyte in the sweat to form a gel plug in the sweat gland. The stopper prevents the sweat glands from releasing the liquid and is removed over time by natural skin peeling. Although it varies from person to person, blocking a large number of sweat glands reduces the amount of sweat produced in the armpits. In some embodiments, the antiperspirant is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, about At a concentration of 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the antiperspirant is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about 15%, in the nanoparticle composition, Present at a concentration of about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle composition used to treat sweat gland disorders (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating sweat gland disorders may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the sweat gland disorder therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not utilized in combination with one or more of the sweat gland disorder therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful medicines to treat hot flashes

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating hot flashes. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating hot flashes is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are oral antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, macrolide antibiotics, and / or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is oral isotretinoin. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are topical antibiotics (eg, metronidazole, clindamycin, erythromycin, and the like). In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents include topical azelaic acid (eg, FINACEA, AZELEX ™, FINEVIN®, SKINNOREN, etc.); Topical sulferaceamides; Topical sulfur; Topical calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and the like); Topical benzoyl peroxide; Topical permethrin; Complexes of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and silymarin of plant origin; And / or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are brimonidine, dapson, IDP-115, PRK124, SR-Ol, tretinoin, zinc sulfate, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the premix , About 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10 in the nanoparticle composition %, About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle compositions used for hot flash therapy (eg, present in the premix and / or nanoparticle compositions at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of hot flashes may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more hot flashes therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more hot flashes therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful treatments to treat hair loss

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating hair loss. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating hair loss is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are aza-steroids such as finasteride (PROPECIA®; PROSCAR®; etc.) or dutasteride (AVODART®). In some embodiments, such therapeutic agent is topically provided minoxidil (ROGAINE®; vasodilator). In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents include anti-androgens (eg, ketoconazole, fluconazole, spironolactone, and the like); Plant saw palm; Caffeine; Copper peptides; Nitroxide spin labels TEMPO and Tempol; Unsaturated fatty acids (eg gamma linolenic acid); Hedgehog antidepressants; Azelaic acid and zinc complexes; Chinese Jang Keun-Geun; Pumpkin seeds; Tretinoin; zinc; nettle; Tempol alcohol-based gels (eg, MTS-O1, etc.); Aldara; Arefecept; AS101; Bimatoprost; Capsaicin; Efarizumab; FK506; GP11046; GP1511; Hydroxychloroquine; Latanoprost; MK0906; Roxytromycin; Targretin gel 1%; Tetrapeptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitors (eg, NEOSH101, etc.); And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents specified above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, about At a concentration of 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents specified above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10%, in the nanoparticle composition, At a concentration of about 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle composition used to treat hair loss (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating hair loss may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more hair loss treatments described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more hair loss therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

psoriasis  Useful Remedies for Treatment

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating psoriasis. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating psoriasis is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, such therapeutic agents are coal tar; Ditranol (anthraline); Corticosteroids such as desoxymethasone (TOPICORT); Vitamin D3 analogs (eg calcipotriol); Retinoids; Argan oil; Topical administration of psoraren with UV A light exposure; Milk thistle; Methotrexate; Cyclosporin A; Antimetabolic thioguanine; Hydroxyurea; Sulfasalazine; Mycophenolate mofetil; Azathioprine; Tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and similar drugs; And / or antibody-based therapeutics (eg, Arefecept [AMEVIEVE®], etanercept [EMBREL®], infliximab [REMICADE®], rituximab, efarizumab, adalimumab, utekinumab, Etc); 4,4-dimethyl-benziso-2H-serenazin; Avatar avatar; ABT-874; Acitretin; ACT-128800; AEB071; AIN457; AMG 714; Aminopeptidase N; AN2728; Apremylast; BCT194; Unsealed L-A; Non-mosia moss; BTT1023; Calcipotriene; CC10004; CD 2027; Tertolizumab pegol; CF101; Crobetazol propionate; CNTO 1275; CP-690,550; CRx-197; CTA018; CTLA4Ig; Daclizumab; Dipeptidyl peptidase; Dosercalciferol; E6201; Fludarabine; Flufenazine decanoate; Halopebazole; ILV-094; INCB018424; LEO 29102; MM-093; Mometazone furoate; Nortriphytiline HCl; NYC 0462; Paclitaxel; Parathyroid hormone; Pazopanib; Pioglitazone; QRX-101; Roflumilast; RWJ-445380; SCH 527123; Taclonex; Thalazole; Tetrathiomolybdate; U0267; Vitamin B12; Boclosporin; Zidovudine; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, About 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50% concentration. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle composition used to treat psoriasis (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating psoriasis may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more psoriasis therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the psoriasis therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful remedies for the treatment of skin infections

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating skin infections (eg, bacterial, viral, and / or fungal infections). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating a skin infection is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of abnormalities or disorders in the body associated with bacterial infections of the dermis are antibiotics (eg, penicillin, diclooxaline, ceparexin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, etc.), topical antibiotics. Topical mixtures of substances (e.g. clindamycin, erythromycin, pyrrolysine, etc.), bacitracin and polymyxin (e.g., NEOSPORIN®, POLYSPORIN®), topical fusidic acid creams, and combinations thereof. .

In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of an abnormality or disorder in the body associated with a viral infection of the dermis is intended for antiviral therapy (eg, acyclovir, famcyclovir, valcyclocyclo, etc.), topical therapeutic agents (eg, triclo) Roacetic acid, salicylic acid, grapepyrin, cantacour, imiquimod cream, etc.), chidopovir; Foscarnet sodium; Trifluidine; Ionic zinc; ME-609; Glutamine; Strong cyclovir; Pialuridines; ASP2151; Hydroxypropyl-beta-caclodextrin; Fenciclovir; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of an abnormality or disorder in the body associated with a fungal infection of the dermis is a topical therapy (eg, terbinafine [LAMISIL], clotrimazole [LOTRIMIN®, MYCELEX®], or econazol [SPECTAZOLE) ®], selenium sulfide shampoo, ketoconazole shampoo, and the like, oral therapeutic agents (eg, itraconazole [SPORANOX®], terbinafine, etc.), amphotericin B, anigulafugin; Caspofugin; Fluconazole; Iszabuconazole; Micapugin; Posaconazole; Voriconazole; Pramiconazole; AN2690; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle compositions used to treat skin infections (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle compositions at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating a skin infection may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the therapeutic agents for skin infections described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the therapeutic agents for skin infections described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Actinic keratosis  Useful Remedies for Treatment

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating actinic keratosis. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating actinic keratosis is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating actinic keratosis is 5-fluorourisyl, imiquimod, diclofenac, crokdil oil, ingenol mebutate, oreogel-S-10, aminolevulininic acid, methyl aminolevulinate, T4N5, eflulinitine, kuncatechin, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle composition used to treat actinic keratosis (eg, present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating actinic keratosis may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more actinic keratosis therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more actinic keratosis therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Eczema  Useful medicines to treat dermatitis

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.). Eczema dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are also known in the art as "eczema." According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating eczema dermatitis is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of eczema dermatitis include glucocorticosteroids, coal tar, calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, etc.), antihistamines (eg, diphenhydramine, etc.), cyclosporine, interferon, Amalizumab, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, AMG 157, JNJ-26113100, CD 2027, SUN13834, S-777469, GW842470X, TS022, roflumilast, calcipotriol, pitrakinra, and / or Including but not limited to complexes thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into nanoparticle compositions used for eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.) (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). have). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating eczema dermatitis may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more eczema dermatitis therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not utilized in combination with one or more eczema dermatitis therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful medicines to treat excessive sebum-producing disorders

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, and the like). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating excessive sebum-producing disorders is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.) may be salicylic acid, azelaic acid, selenium sulfide, imidazole (eg, ketoconazole, myconazole, fluconazole, econazole, Biponazole, climazole, cycloclorox, cyclocloroxamine, etc.), itraconazole, terbinafine, zinc pyrithione, benzoyl peroxide, coal tar, rodem tree tar, glucocorticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone, etc.), metronidazole, Lithium, calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and the like), vitamin D3, isotretinoin, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein can be incorporated into nanoparticle compositions used for excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.) (eg, premixes and / or nanoparticles at any concentration specified above). May be present in the composition). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating excessive sebum-producing disorders may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the excessive sebum-producing disorders therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the excessive sebum-producing disorders therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful medicines to treat pigmentation disorders

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating pigmentation disorders (eg, blemishes, etc.). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating pigmentation disease is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for treating pigmentation disorders include phenol (eg, hydroxyquinone, mequinol, etc.), retinoids (eg, tretinoin, isotretinoin, etc.), alpha-hydroxy acids (eg, glycolic acid, salicylic acid). , Azelaic acid), and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein can be incorporated into nanoparticle compositions used in pigmentation diseases (eg, blemishes) (eg, may be present in premixes and / or nanoparticle compositions at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating pigmentation disorders may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the pigmentation disease treatments described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the pigmentation disease treatments described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful treatments for the treatment of pigment deficiency diseases

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for pigment deficiency diseases (eg, alum, etc.). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating a pigment deficiency disease is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for treating a pigment deficiency disease include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, etc.), calcipotriol, psoraren, and / or combinations thereof. Does not.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into nanoparticle compositions used in pigment deficiency diseases (eg, alum, etc.) (eg, may be present in premixes and / or nanoparticle compositions at any concentration specified above). ). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating a pigment deficiency disease may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the pigment deficiency disease therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not utilized in combination with one or more of the pigment deficiency disease therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Useful treatment for skin cancer

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.). According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating skin cancer is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating skin squamous cell carcinoma is 5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, acitretin, apamelanotide, API 31510, API 31510, Setushimab, Dasatinib, Eflu Linitine, erlotinib, GDC-0449, epitinib, HPPH, imiquinode, methyl aminolevurinate, PEG- interferon alfa-2a, PEP005, silicone phthalocyanine 4, tazarotene, tretinoin, vertofin, And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for treating basal cell skin carcinoma is 5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, acitretin, apamelanotide, API 31510, API 31510, Setushimab, Dasatinib, Eflu Linitine, erlotinib, GDC-0449, gefitinib, HPPH, imiquinode, methyl aminolevulinate, PEG-interferon alfa-2a, PEP005, silicone phthalocyanine 4, tazarotene, tretinoin, vertofin, And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein can be incorporated into nanoparticle compositions for use in skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) (eg, premixes and / or nanoparticles at any concentration specified above). May be present in the particle composition). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating skin cancer may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more skin cancer therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not utilized in combination with one or more skin cancer therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Erythema Lupus  Useful Remedies for Treatment

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating lupus erythematosus. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating lupus erythematosus is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for treating lupus erythematosus are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, ibuprofen, etc.), aspirin, antimalarial drugs (eg, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, etc.), corticosteroids (eg , Hydroxycortisone, etc.), immunosuppressive drugs (eg, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, therapeutic antibodies, etc.), and / or combinations thereof It is not limited.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, the one or more therapeutic agents described above comprises about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% of the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle compositions used for treating lupus erythematosus (eg, present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating lupus erythematosus may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more erythematous lupus therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the lupus erythematosus therapies described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

Raynaud  Useful Remedies for Treating Symptoms

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating Raynaud's phenomenon. According to the present invention, in some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for treating Raynaud's phenomenon is botulinum toxin. In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for treating Raynaud's phenomenon are calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine, etc.), alpha blockers (eg, hydrazine, etc.), nitroglycerin, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (eg, losartan, Etc.), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine, etc.), glyceryl trinitrate, tadalafil, Ginkgo biloba extract, SLx-2101, Include John's Wort, Fasudil, Chirospazol, Iroprost, Leracin, Treprostinil Diethanolamine, Sildenafil, Atorvastatin, Imatinib Mesylate, Treprostinil Diethanolamine, and / or combinations thereof It is not limited to this.

In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, At a concentration of about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, or about 50%. In some embodiments, one or more of the therapeutic agents described above is about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, 1%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 7.5%, about 10% in the nanoparticle composition , About 15%, about 20%, or about 25%.

Any of the therapeutic agents described herein may be incorporated into the nanoparticle compositions used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon (eg, may be present in the premix and / or nanoparticle composition at any concentration specified above). Any therapeutic agent useful for treating Raynaud's phenomenon may be used in any combination with another substance. Such materials, when used in combination, may be present in the same nanoparticle composition, or may be present in different nanoparticle compositions. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is used in combination with one or more of the Raynaud's phenomenon therapeutics described herein. In some embodiments, botulinum toxin is not used in combination with one or more of the Raynaud's phenomenon therapeutics described herein. Further considerations of the combination therapy are described in more detail in the section “Treatment of Nanoparticle Compositions” below.

administration

The present invention provides a method of transporting nanoparticle compositions for a variety of uses, including, for example, cosmetic and / or medical. Such nanoparticle compositions may comprise one or more biologically active materials. In certain embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprise botulinum toxin.

In some embodiments, the present invention contemplates methods of delivering nanoparticle compositions by route of administration, including transdermal, topical, and intradermal. Such routes of administration are beneficial for formulations intended to have a localized effect (eg, certain nanoparticle compositions comprising certain therapeutic agents). However, tissue uptake after administration of the formulation components is not always predictable.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions according to the present invention can be collected using lipid-based carriers to allow entry into cells. However, the lipid-based carrier effect is i) lipid composition (eg, molecular size and charge); ii) the structure (eg, molecular size and pH ionization) of any biologically active substance or other entity included in the composition; And iii) the overall health of the individual. The present invention contemplates compositions and methods related to uniform nanoemulsions (eg microfluidized nanoemulsions) comprising lipid-based carriers, thereby improving bioavailability of medicinal cosmetics.

The present invention relates to a method of administering a therapeutic agent and in particular a disorder or condition associated with the dermal level of the skin, such as acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, embarrassment, hot flashes, hair loss, psoriasis, actinic keratosis, eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, Etc.), excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.), Raynaud symptoms, lupus erythematosus, pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.), pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.), skin cancer ( (E.g., skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) and / or a nanoparticle composition comprising a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a skin infection (e.g., fungal infection, herpes simplex virus infection, human papilloma virus infection, etc.) Provided is a method of administration.

In some embodiments, such therapeutic agent is botulinum toxin. Clinical effects provided by topical transdermal administration of botulinum toxin may be seen within a week, similar to botulinum toxin administered by injection. The typical duration of symptomatic relief (eg, relaxed muscle paralysis) from a single intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A can be up to 4 months or longer; The duration of clinical effect after transdermal administration of botulinum toxin according to the invention may be up to 4 months or longer, depending on personal characteristics and / or the particular formulation of the botulinum toxin nanoparticle formulation.

Those skilled in the art now presently administer botulinum toxin almost by injection, and in particular by means of liquid salt solutions typically reconstituted from lyophilized preparations.

As already discussed, BOTOX® (sterilized vacuum-packaged in a dry form a purified botulinum Clostridium (Clostridium botulinum ) toxin type A complex, human serum albumin, and sodium chloride) are reconstituted for injection using normal sterile salt without preservatives (0.9% sodium chloride, injection grade). In particular, standard injection protocols involve drawing an appropriate amount of diluent into a syringe of the appropriate size. Since BOTOX® is denatured by bubbling or similar vigorous stirring, the diluent should be gently injected into a vial containing the specified amount of lyophilized BOTOX®. Standard injection protocols include administration of aqueous BOTOX® solution within 4 hours after reconstitution.

Problems due to available botulinum toxin formulations (including problems such as stability, sterility, etc.) are known, but no improved formulations have been developed. Moreover, injection is generally a targeted method of transporting botulinum toxin, although invasive techniques are undesirable (eg, patient anxious).

The present invention provides a method of treating acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, embarrassment, and / or hot flashes by administering a nanoparticle composition (including but not limited to botulinum toxin) comprising one or more therapeutic agents.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of administering a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) via the transdermal. Human skin consists of the dermis and epithelium. The epithelium is composed of several layers, namely the stratum corneum, epidermal transparent layer, granule layer, spine layer, and basal layer (in order from the outside to the inside of the skin).

The epidermal stratum corneum is the strongest obstacle in transdermal delivery of drugs. The epidermal stratum corneum is generally about 10 μm-15 μm thick and comprises flat, keratinized cells (dead skin cells) arranged in several layers. The intracellular spaces between dead skin cells are filled with lipid structures and will play a role in the penetration of substances through the skin ( Bauerova et al , 2001, Eur . J. Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics , 26:85 ; Incorporated in references).

The remainder of the epithelium under the epidermal keratin layer is approximately 150 μm thick. The dermis has a thickness of about 1 mm-2 mm, located below the epidermis. The dermis is supported by neural processes as well as various capillaries.

Transdermal administration of drugs has been studied to provide alternative routes of administration of drugs without the undesirable consequences associated with injection and oral delivery. For example, needles often cause localized pain, bleeding and bruising, and there is also a risk of being exposed to a disease that is infectious to the patient. Oral administration has a problem of low bioavailability due to the highly acidic environment of the patient's stomach.

Attempts have been made to develop transdermal administration techniques for certain drugs to overcome these disadvantages by providing a non-invasive method of administration. Transdermal administration is generally preferred to reduce damage to the patient's skin. Thus, transdermal administration of the drug may reduce or alleviate the pain and / or infection potential associated with the injection.

Traditionally, transdermal administration attempts of drugs have focused on increasing the permeability of the stratum corneum. Some attempts involve the use of chemical skin penetration enhancers that increase molecular penetration through the skin. Some attempts have included using mechanical devices to bypass or remove portions of the stratum corneum. It also includes the use of ultrasound or iontophoresis, which enables the penetration of drugs through the skin. In most cases, the goal is to carry pharmaceuticals, usually small molecules, through the skin, which pass through the capillaries in the dermis, where they are systemically integrated into the subject for therapeutic effect. will be.

Although small molecules have been a major focus of transdermal administration techniques, it appears that large molecules such as polypeptides and protein complexes can also be transdermally administered. Erythropoietin (approximately 48 kD) was successfully administered transdermally with the help of ultrasound ( Mitragotri et al , 1995, Science , 269: 850; US Patents 5,814,599 and 6,002,961 ; All incorporated in the bibliography).

The present invention does not require friction or other rupture agents (whether chemically, mechanically, electrically, or magnetically), and through topical use of therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin), acne, hyperhidrosis, odor, nausea, And / or a method of treating hot flashes. The inventors have discovered the surprising fact that therapeutic agents (e.g., botulinum toxin) incorporated into the nanoparticle composition are effectively transported to the percutaneous, permeate or rupture stage of the epidermal stratum corneum. The use of such materials or the step of making them into nanoparticle compositions is not necessarily excluded in all embodiments but is also not required.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are provided directly to the skin and absorbed through the epithelial layer. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle compositions can bed the upper layers of the skin, including the epidermal stratum corneum, skin pores, and / or skin glands, without the use of chemical or mechanical skin penetration enhancers or other materials that cause friction.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that compositions for topical administration include cosmetic preparations such as emollients, nourishing lotion type emulsions, cleansing lotions, cleansing creams, skin milks, emollient lotions, massage creams, emollient creams, makeup bases, lipsticks, Facial packs or face gels, cleaner compositions such as shampoos, rinses, body cleansers, hair-tonics, or soaps, or dermatological compositions such as lotions, ointments, gels, creams, patches, deodorants or sprays.

Compositions for topical administration according to the invention may be formulated or administered so that therapeutic agents pass through the skin of the patient (eg, reach the skin layer) in an amount between about 10 ⁻³ U / kg and about 10 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition may be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 10 ⁻² U / kg and about 1 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition may be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 10 ⁻¹ U / kg and about 1 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition may be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 1 U / kg and about 3 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition can be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 3 U / kg and about 5 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition may be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 5 U / kg and about 10 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition may be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 10 U / kg and about 50 U / kg. In some embodiments, the composition can be formulated or administered so that the therapeutic agent passes through the skin of the patient in an amount between about 0.1 U and about 5 U. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 U / ng, 10 U / ng, 100 U / ng, about 250 U / ng, about 500 U / ng, about 750 U / ng, about 0.1 U / pg, about 0.25 U / pg, about 0.5 U / pg, about 1.0 U / pg, about 10 U / pg, or about 100 U / pg. In some embodiments, a botulinum toxin of about 1 U to about 500 U, about 5 U to about 400 U, about 10 U to about 300 U, about 50 U to about 200 U, or about 100 U to about 150 U It will be administered to the treatment site. In some embodiments, about 1 U, about 2 U, about 3 U, about 4 U, about 5 U, about 6 U, about 7 U, about 8 U, about 9 U, about 10 U, about 11 U, about 12 U, about 13 U, about 14 U, about 15 U, about 16 U, about 17 U, about 18 U, about 19 U, about 20 U, about 30 U, about 40 U, about 50 U, about 75 U , About 100 U, about 200 U, about 300 U, about 400 U, or about 500 U of botulinum toxin will be administered to the treatment site of the patient.

One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that units are biologically equivalent or bioequivalent to units defined by the commercially available manufacturer of any given therapeutic agent.

The therapeutic effect of the therapeutic agent according to the invention may last for a period of time for which the effect of the injected solution lasts. To provide one embodiment, the effect of the botulinum toxin so injected can last up to about 4 months, about 6 months, about 9 months, about 12 months, or more. Moreover, the use of synthetic polymer carriers that maintain and release the therapeutic agent slowly can extend the effect up to about 5 years (U.S. Patent 6,312,708; incorporated herein by reference).

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides new uses of topical formulations of therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) to avoid potential leprosy. By way of example, such a leprosy may include systemic toxicity or Botlio poisoning. In some embodiments, the dosage of the therapeutic agent (eg, including botulinum toxin, type A, B, C, D, E, F, or G) is from a low dose of about 1 U to about 20,000 units with a lowest level risk of adverse side effects. It can range up to high doses. The particular dosage may vary depending on the condition of the body being treated and the treatment regimen used. For example, if the therapeutic agent is botulinum toxin, treatment of hyperactive muscle under the dermis may require a high transdermal dose of botulinum toxin (eg, 10 units to 20,000 units). For comparison, treatment of neurological inflammation or hyperactive sweat glands requires a relatively small amount of botulinum toxin transdermal dose (eg, about 1 unit to about 1,000 units).

The exact amount required may vary from individual to individual, depending on the species, age, the general condition of the individual, the severity of the abnormality, the particular composition, mode of administration, active form and the like. Compositions according to the present invention may generally be formulated in unit dose for uniformity of each administration and dosage. However, the total daily dose of the composition according to the invention can be determined by the attending physician within the scope of normal medical judgment. Dosage levels that have a specific therapeutic effect on any particular patient or organism include the disorder to be treated, the severity of the disorder; The activity of the specific composition employed; The age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; The time of administration, route of administration, and removal rate of the specific composition; Duration of treatment; Therapeutic agents and / or processes used in combination or coincidental with the specific composition employed; And various factors, including other factors known in the medical arts.

In certain embodiments, the composition according to the invention is used at least once a day, from about 0.001 ng / kg to about 100 ng / kg, about 0.01 ng / kg to about 50 ng / kg, about 0.1 ng / kg to about 40 ng / kg, about 0.5 ng / kg to about 30 ng / kg, about 0.01 ng / kg to about 10 ng / kg, about 0.1 ng / kg to about 10 ng / kg, Or in an amount sufficient to carry about 1 ng / kg to about 25 ng / kg, or about 25 ng / kg to about 50 ng / kg. In certain embodiments, the composition according to the invention is used at least once a day, from about 0.01 U / kg to about 100 U / kg, from about 0.1 U / kg to about 50 U / day, to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. kg, about 0.2 U / kg to about 20 U / kg, about 0.5 U / kg to about 15 U / kg, about 0.1 U / kg to about 10 U / kg, or about 0.5 U / kg to about 5 U / kg It may be administered in a dosage of a level sufficient to carry the.

Preferred doses are three times daily, twice daily, once daily, once every two days, once every three days, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, every four weeks, every six weeks, every two months, every three months. , Every four months, every six months, every nine months, once a year, or even longer. In certain embodiments, the preferred dosage is multiple doses (eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Or more times).

Pharmaceutical composition

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) for transdermal delivery to a human patient. The composition may comprise about 1 unit to about 20,000 units of therapeutic agent, and the composition may include an amount of therapeutic agent sufficient to sustain a therapeutic effect for 1 month to 5 years.

The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one nanoparticle composition and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. According to some embodiments, a method of administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising nanoparticles to an individual in need thereof is provided. In some embodiments, the composition is administered to a human. For the purposes of the present disclosure, "active ingredient" refers to a nanoparticle composition, as described herein.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a topical formulation of a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in which the therapeutic agent does not penetrate significantly through the blood vessel and allows penetration through the skin of the individual. For example, in some embodiments, less than about 25%, less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 10%, or less than about 5% of the therapeutic agents present in the pharmaceutical composition are topically and / or transdermal. Penetrate into the blood vessels when using the preparation.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a topical formulation of a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in which the therapeutic agent does not penetrate significantly through subdermal levels and allows penetration through the subject's dermis. For example, in some embodiments, less than about 35%, less than about 25%, less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or about 1% of the therapeutic agents present in the pharmaceutical composition. Less amounts penetrate to subdermal levels when using topical and / or transdermal preparations.

The pharmaceutical composition formulations described herein may be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy or by a method to be developed later. In general, such preparation methods allow the active ingredient to be associated with excipients and / or one or more other essential ingredients, which are then shaped or packaged into single or multiple dosage forms as desired and / or as desired.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be prepared, packaged or sold in bulk in a single unit dose and / or in a plurality of single unit doses. As used herein, “unit dose” refers to the amount of an isolated pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of active ingredient. The amount of active ingredient is generally the same as the amount of active ingredient administered to the subject and / or the usual aliquot of such a dose, for example, one half or one third of such dose.

The relative amounts of the active ingredient, pharmacologically acceptable excipients, and / or any additional ingredients in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention vary depending on the identity of the subject to be treated, the body and / or abnormalities of the body, and the route by which the composition is administered. . For example, the composition may comprise 0.1% to 100% (w / w) active ingredient.

The pharmaceutical formulation may further comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, as used herein, any and all solvents, dispersion media, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersions or suspensions suitable for the particular pharmaceutical form desired. Auxiliary, surface active, isotonic, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like. Remington's The Science and Practice of Pharmacy , 21 ^st Edition , AR Gennaro ( Lippincott , Williams & Wilkins , Baltimore, MD , 2005 ; incorporated herein by reference) describes various excipients used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for their preparation. Except insofar as any conventional excipient medium is incompatible with the substance or derivative thereof, for example, unless it interacts in a deleterious manner with any undesirable biological effect or any component of the pharmaceutical composition The use of is contemplated within the scope of the invention.

In some embodiments, the pharmacologically acceptable excipient is at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% pure. In some embodiments, an excipient is approved by the US FDA. In some embodiments, an excipient is a pharmacological grade product. In some embodiments, an excipient meets the standards of United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia, and / or other International Pharmacopoeia.

Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions include inert diluents, dispersing and / or granulating materials, surface active materials and / or emulsifiers, disintegrants, binders, preservatives, buffers, varnishes, and / or oils. One is not limited thereto. Such excipients may optionally be included in the pharmaceutical formulation. Excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes, colorants, coatings, sweeteners, flavors, and / or flavors may also be present in the composition at the discretion of the manufacturer.

Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate salt, sodium carbonate salt, calcium phosphate salt, dicalcium phosphate salt, calcium sulfate salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate salt, sodium phosphate salt lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol , Inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, corn starch, powdered sugar, and the like, and / or combinations thereof, and the like.

Exemplary granulation and / or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clay, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose and wood products, natural sponges, cation-exchange Resins, calcium carbonate salts, silicates, sodium carbonate salts, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone) (crosspovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (crosscar Melose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water insoluble starch, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, magnesium aluminum silicate (VEEGUM®), and the like, and / or combinations thereof It is not limited.

Exemplary surface active substances and / or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., acacia, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginic acid, tragatan, chondrux, cholesterol, pellets, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, lanolin, cholesterol, beeswax, And lecithin), colloidal clay (e.g. bentonite [aluminum silicate] and VEEGUM® [magnesium aluminum silicate]), long chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g. stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin mono) Stearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymers, and carboxyvinyl polymers), carrageenan , Cellulose derivatives (e.g. sodium carboxymethylcellulose, powdered Cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate [TWEEN®20], polyoxyethylene sorbitan [TWEEN ®60], polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate [TWEEN®80], sorbitan monopalmitate [SPAN®40], sorbitan monostearate [SP AN®60], sorbitan tristearate [SP AN® 65], glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate [SPAN®80]), polyoxyethylene esters (eg polyoxyethylene monostearate [MYRJ®45], polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, poly Ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate, and SOLUTOL®), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g. CREMOPHOR®), poly Cyethylene ether, (e.g. polyoxyethylene lauryl ether [BRIJ®30]), poly (vinyl-pyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl Oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, PLURONIC®68, POLOXAMER®88, centrimoniium bromide, cetylpyridinum chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docuate sodium, and the like and / or combinations thereof Including but not limited to.

Exemplary binders include starch (eg, corn starch and starch paste); Gelatin; Sugars (eg, sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol,); Natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginic acid, edible seaweed extract, panwar gum, gati gum, isopol shell mucosa, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl) Methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (VEEGUM®), and larch arabogalactan; Alginic acid; Polyethylene oxides; Polyethylene glycol; Inorganic calcium salts; Silicic acid; Polymethacrylates; beeswax; water; Alcohol; Etc; And combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

Exemplary preservatives include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and / or kita preservatives. Exemplary antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate Salts, sodium bisulfite salts, meta metabisulfite salts, and / or sodium bisulfite salts. Exemplary chelating agents are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), guanic acid monohydrate, edetate disodium salt, edetate dipotassium salt, edetic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, edetate sodium salt, tartaric acid, and / or Edetate trisodium salt. Exemplary antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethionium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetriimide, cetylpyridinum chloride, chlorohexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chlorooxyrenol, cresol, ethyl Alcohols, glycerin, hexetidine, imideurea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercury nitrate, propylene glycol, and / or thimersal. Exemplary antifungal preservatives include, but are not limited to, butyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate salt, potassium sorbate salt, sodium benzoate salt, sodium propionate salt and / or sorbic acid. It doesn't work. Exemplary alcohol preservatives include, but are not limited to, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenols, crorolbutanol, hydroxybenzoate, and / or phenylethyl alcohol. Exemplary acidic preservatives include, but are not limited to, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citric acid, acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and / or phytic acid. Other preservatives include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, deteroxime mesylate, ceterimide, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethylenediamine, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite, GLYDANT PLUS®, PHENONIP®, methylparaben, GERMALL®115, GERMABEN®11, NEOLONE ™, KATHON ™, and / or EUXYL®.

Exemplary buffers include citric acid buffer solution, acetate buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate salt, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium gluobate, gluceptate calcium, gluconate calcium, D-glucoic acid, glycerophosphate Calcium salt, lactate calcium, propanoic acid, calcium levulinate, pentanoic acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphate, tribasic calcium phosphate, potassium hydroxide phosphate, acetate potassium, potassium chloride, gluconate potassium, potassium mixture, phosphate Potassium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate mixture, acetate sodium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, dibasic sodium phosphate salt, monobasic sodium phosphate salt, sodium phosphate salt mixture, trometamine , Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic salts, Ringer's solution, ethyl alcohol, etc., and / or combinations thereof Including but not limited to one.

Exemplary varnishes include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate , Sodium lauryl sulfate, and the like, and combinations thereof.

Exemplary oils include almonds, apricot kernels, avocados, babassu palms, bergamot, black seaweed, chichi, cade, chamomile, canola, caraway, brazilian napa palm, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver , Coffee, Corn, Cotton Seed, Emu, Eucalyptus, Evening Primrose, Fish, Flaxseed, Geraniol, Gourd, Grape Seed, Hazelnut Nut, Hyssop, Isopropyl Myristate, Jojoba, Cucumber, Labandine, Lavender, Lemon, May Spear, macadamia nut, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange rough, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rape seed, rice bran, Including but not limited to rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sascuana, spice plants, sea buckthorn, sesame seeds, sieverts, silicone, soybeans, sunflowers, tea trees, thistles, tumblers, vetivers, walnuts, and malt oils Do not. Exemplary oils include butyl stearate, capryl triglyceride, capre triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, medium -Chain triglycerides (eg, 1349 oils), and / or combinations thereof.

Pharmaceutical forms for topical and / or transdermal administration of the composition include ointments, pests, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalations, deodorants, and / or patches. In general, the active ingredient is mixed (eg under sterile conditions) with at least one pharmacologically acceptable excipient and / or any necessary preservatives and / or buffers. In addition, the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the additional advantage of providing controlled delivery of the compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made, for example, by dissolving or dispersing the compound in the proper medium. Alternatively or additionally, the rate of release may be controlled by providing a rate controlling membrane and / or dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix and / or gel.

One skilled in the art will recognize that a composition according to the invention for transdermal administration of a therapeutic agent (eg botulinum toxin) may be incorporated into a device, eg a patch. Various transdermal patch structures are known; Those skilled in the art will appreciate that nanoparticle compositions can be readily incorporated into any such structure. In some embodiments, the transdermal patch may comprise a plurality of needles extending from one side of the patch applied to the skin, wherein the needles extend from the patch to protrude through the epidermal stratum corneum of the skin. In some embodiments, the needle does not rupture blood vessels.

In some embodiments, the transdermal patch comprises an adhesive. Some examples of adhesive patches are known (eg, U.S. Design Patent 296,006; U.S. Patent 6,010,715; 5,591,767; 5,008,110; 5,683,712; 5,948,433; 5,965,154; all of which are incorporated by reference). Adhesive patches are generally characterized by having an adhesive layer applied to the patient's skin, a depot or reservoir with a pharmaceutical formulation, and an outer surface to prevent leakage of the medication from the depot. Patch outer surfaces are generally non-adhesive.

According to the present invention, the therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) is incorporated into the patch to remain stable for a considerable time. For example, the therapeutic agent is present in the nanoparticle composition. Alternatively or additionally, the therapeutic agent is present in the polymer matrix to stabilize the material, allowing the material to diffuse from the matrix and the patch. The therapeutic agent is incorporated into the adhesive layer of the patch so that when the patch adheres to the skin, the material will diffuse through the skin. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is heat-activated, whereby the adhesive slowly liquefies at a temperature of about 37 ° C. such that the material diffuses through the skin. The adhesive retains adhesion when stored below 37 ° C. and, once provided to the skin, liquefies to lose adhesion. The therapeutic administration is complete when the patch is no longer attached to the skin.

In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) is provided to the depot in the patch so that when the patch is pressurized, the therapeutic agent exits the patch (optionally through a needle) and passes through the epidermal stratum corneum.

Suitable devices used to deliver the pharmaceutical compositions into the skin described herein include short needle devices (U.S. Patent 4,886,499; 5,190,521; 5,328,483; 5,527,288; 4,270,537; 5,015,235; 5,141,496; and 5,417,662). Intradermal compositions may be administered by a device that limits the length of penetration of the needle into the skin (PCT Publication WO 99/34850). Liquid jet injectors capable of poking the epidermal stratum corneum and generating jets reaching the dermis and / or jet injection devices for delivering the liquid vaccine into the dermis via a needle. Jet injection devices are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 5,480,381; 5,599,302; 5,334,144; 5,993,412; 5,649,912; 5,569,189; 5,704,911; 5,383,851; 5,893,397; 5,466,220; 5,339,163; 5,312,335; 5,503,627; 5,064,413; 5,520,639; 4,596,556; 4,790,824; 4,941,880; 4,940,460; And in PCT publications WO 97/37705 and WO 97/13537. Ballistic powder / particle transport devices that use compressed gas to accelerate the powdered vaccine through the outer layers of the skin into the dermis are suitable. Alternatively or additionally, conventional syringes can also be used in traditional methods for intradermal administration.

Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid and / or semi-liquid preparations such as topical medicines, lotions, oil-in-water and / or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments and / or pests, and / or solutions and / or suspensions. One is not limited thereto. Topically-administrable formulations may include, for example, about 1% to about 10% (w / w) active ingredient, wherein the concentration of the active ingredient may be high to the limit of dissolution of the active ingredient in the solvent. Formulations for topical administration may include one or more additional ingredients mentioned herein.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that transdermal patches are just one example of where nanoparticle compositions can be administered. To provide some examples, a device may be used that can use the composition without first imposing the composition on a human finger, which may lead to undesirable paralysis of the finger. Suitable devices include gloves, spatulas, swabs, needleless syringes, and adhesive patches. If a spatula, swab or similar device is used, it may require equipment to be inserted into the container containing the composition. The use of a syringe can be performed by filling the syringe with a composition. The composition may be topically spread with a spatula or swab or may be released from the syringe and spread on the patient's skin.

In many embodiments, it may be desirable to have the therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) delivered only to the intended delivery area. In some embodiments, such limited delivery will not be provided to the composition at the non-target site of the skin, but may be used with the nanoparticle composition in a use device that allows the composition to be provided only at the target site on the skin. Clearly, transdermal patches can be used for this purpose. Alternatively or additionally, the therapeutic agent may be blocked, pretreated or otherwise protected from exposure to provide only locally at the site of choice.

General considerations in the preparation and / or manufacture of pharmaceutical substances are given in Remington : The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 21 ^st ed ., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , 2005 (incorporated in the reference).

Therapeutic Uses of Nanoparticle Compositions

As described herein, the present invention is directed to abnormalities or disorders associated with dermal levels of the skin, such as acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, hair loss, psoriasis, actinic keratosis, eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.). ), Excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.), Raynaud symptoms, lupus erythematosus, pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.), pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.), skin cancer (eg , Skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) and / or disorders or conditions including, but not limited to, fungal infections, herpes simplex virus infections, human papilloma virus infections, fungal infections, etc. To provide a therapeutic method of providing a nanoparticle composition and one or more therapeutic agents (eg, botulinum toxin) to an individual. Such transport is useful in a variety of fields, including certain cosmetic and medical uses. Such uses are discussed in more detail below.

Dermis ( Dermis )

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating an abnormality, disease and / or disorder associated with a skin layer called “dermis”. In general, the dermis protects the body from compression and pull with a layer of skin that contains connective tissue underneath the epithelium. The dermis is tightly connected to the epithelium by the basement membrane and has nerve endings that provide contact and thermal sensation. The dermis includes hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. Intradermal blood vessels nourish their own cells as well as the epidermal basement and remove waste.

The dermis is structurally divided into two parts: the epidermal part adjacent to the epithelium called the pacifier and the deep and thick part known as the reticular part. The papal part consists of sparse mesh connective tissue. This is because of the finger-shaped papillae that extends toward the epithelium. The bumps provide the dermis with a “rugged” surface that meshes with the epithelium, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin. Within the reticular portion are mock roots, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails and blood vessels.

The dermis contains sebaceous glands, which secrete an oily substance called sebum that consists of lipids and the residues of dead fat-producing cells. Sebum is generally comprised of about 25% beeswax monoester, about 41% triglycerides, about 16% free fatty acids, and about 12% squalene. In sebaceous glands, sebum is produced within certain cells and released upon rupture of these cells; Thus, sebaceous glands are classified as holocrine glands. Sebum protects the hair and skin and is waterproof, keeping them dry, broken or falling off. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin. Sebum is one of the reasons that some people may experience "oily" hair or skin if they are not washed for several days. Sebum is also seen in earwax.

The dermis contains two different types of sweat glands: apocrine glands and merocrine glands. Both gland types include myocardium, a specialized epithelial cell located between glandular cells and the underlying basal lamina. Myoepithelial cell contraction compresses the gland, releasing any accumulated secretions. Secretory activity of gland cells and contraction of myoepithelial cells are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and circulating hormones.

Apocrine glands develop during early-to mid-term puberty at ages between 13 and 15 years old, releasing more than normal amounts of sweat for approximately a month, and release and control normal amounts of sweat after a certain period of time. This line produces sweat that contains organic molecules (lipids and proteins) and pheromones. Primarily around the face, armpits and genitals, their activity is a major cause of sweat odors by bacteria that break down organic compounds in sweat.

The name of the apocrine sweat gland is no longer used in the old words; These glands are no longer seen as releasing these products by the apocrine mechanism and the apex portions of the cells peel off along with the secretion products therein. Rather, apocrine glands are secreted in a merocrin fashion: membrane-bound vesicles bind to the plasma membrane of secretory cells, releasing the product by exocytosis without a net loss of the plasma membrane. These glands are still called apocrine glands to distinguish them from merocrine (exocrine) glands.

The merocrine glands (exocrine glands) are much larger and more widely distributed than apocrine glands. The adult cortex contains about 3 million merocrine lines. It is smaller than apocrine glands and does not extend to the dermis. It is most common on palms and soles, with approximately 500 lines per square centimeter (about 3000 lines per square inch) in palms. Merokrin glands are twisted tubular glands that release secretions directly to the surface of the skin.

 The dermis includes hair follicles attached to the sebaceous glands. Hair follicles also attach to fine bundles of muscle fibers ("brain muscles"), which make hair follicle follicles more perpendicular to the skin surface, causing hair follicles to be nearly vertical over the surrounding skin (napping). .

Hair follicles are structures that support hair growth by binding old cells together. At the base of the hair follicles is a large structure called the papilla, which consists mainly of connective tissue and capillary loops. Around the periphery is the parent matrix, a collection of epithelial cells interspersed with melanocytes. Cell division in the parent matrix is responsible for the cells that form the major structure of the hair fibers and the inner sheath. The protrusions are predominantly egg-shaped or pear-shaped with a matrix that completely encloses the protrusions, with the exception of the short stem-shaped connections that connect to the surrounding connective tissue to access the protrusions. The root house is composed of an outer root house ("Henle layer"), a middle layer ("Huxley layer"), and an inner cuticle that is continuous with the outermost layer of the parent fiber. Hair fibers consist of a root lobe, middle cortex and inner medulla and continuous epithelium.

Hair grows in cycles of various phases: anagen (growth), catagen (complex or degenerative), and telogen (stable). Each phase has several morphologically and histologically distinct sub-phases. Prior to the start of cycling, there is a follicular morphogenesis phase, an "exogen" phase, in which hairy vesicles emerge. Generally, up to 90% of hair follicles are in the anagen phase, 10-14% in the telogen phase, and 1-2% in the catagen phase. The cycle length depends on different parts of the body. For example, the eyebrow cycle takes about four months, but for the scalp it takes three to four years to finish. Growth cycles are controlled by chemical signals, such as epidermal growth factors.

Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is a widely used drug for skin care. The side effects of BTXA observed during cosmetic use can have a significant impact on patient health and appearance, thus preventing continued and / or repeated use. Currently, BTXA is required to be administered in physicians and medical settings, because knowledge and skills are the primary means of preventing adverse effects. Since most undesirable effects are due to improper techniques, it is mandatory to use accurate injection techniques. Knowledge of human anatomy (eg, facial and extra-facial muscles, location and depth of glands, etc.) is important for the physician to select the optimal dose, time and technique.

The most common side effects of the current course on BTXA administration are pain and hematoma. When the BTXA solution is administered via injection into the peri-eye area, eyelids and eyebrows, ptosis is a possible common adverse effect. Adverse effects such as pain, hematoma, ecchymosis, and bruising may occur on or below the face and outside the face. Other possible adverse effects include, but are not limited to, headaches and probable interactions with drugs that are coadministered. Proper dilution, storage and injection techniques have to be implemented to avoid most of the undesirable adverse effects, as well as it has been proposed to carefully exclude patients with any contraindications. Pain, hematoma, ecchymosis, and bruising can be prevented by cooling the skin before and after BTXA injection. The upper eyelid seizures can be partially repaired with apraclonidine or phenylepirine eye drops ( Wollina et al , 2005, Am . J. CHn . Dermatol , 6: 141 ; Incorporated in references). However, current methods still have significant adverse effects.

In contrast, the present invention provides methods and compositions for the stable and effective administration of therapeutic agents such as botulinum toxin in a manner that minimizes adverse effects. In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent results in about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90 side effects compared to non-local administration of the same therapeutic agent (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.). %, About 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%. For example, in some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) results in about 50%, about 60%, about 50% of pain, bruising, ecchymosis, and / or hematoma compared to injection of the same therapeutic agent. 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%.

In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent results in about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80 undesirable systemic effects compared to non-local administration of the same therapeutic agent (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.). %, About 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%. In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent results in an undesired blood level of about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80 compared to non-local administration (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.) of the same therapeutic agent. %, About 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%. For example, in certain embodiments, topical administration of botulinum toxin results in about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90% botulinum poisoning incidence and / or severity as compared to injection of botulinum toxin. , About 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%. In certain embodiments, the botulinum toxin reduces blood flow of the therapeutic agent by about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99 compared to botulinum toxin injection. %, Or about 100%.

In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent results in about 50%, about 60%, damage to lower nerve tissue (eg, nerve palsy) compared to non-local administration (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.) of the same therapeutic agent, About 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%. In some embodiments, topical administration of a therapeutic agent results in about 50%, about 60% of undesirable effects (eg, muscle paralysis) in muscle compared to non-local administration (eg, injection, oral administration, etc.) of the same therapeutic agent. %, About 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods and compositions for specific delivery of therapeutic agents to the dermal structure. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is specifically delivered to the dermal structure without significant delivery to the dermal substructure. In some embodiments, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, about 96 of the therapeutic agents administered to the skin of the subject At least%, at least about 97%, at least 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, and at least about 100% are transported to the dermis. In some embodiments, less than about 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, about 3 of the therapeutic agents administered to the skin of the individual Less than%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.5%, or about 0.1% are delivered to the dermal substructure.

In some embodiments, specific delivery to the dermal structure is accomplished using a lower dose of therapeutically active agent than that per unit area used to deliver to the dermal substructure. For example, in some embodiments, nanoparticle composition volumes are applied to larger surface areas; In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are used that include a reduced amount of therapeutic agent per unit volume of the composition; In some embodiments, penetration of the therapeutic and / or nanoparticle composition into the skin is reduced (eg in combination with control of nanoparticle composition characteristics such as penetration inhibitors and / or particle size, component ratios, component identification). In some embodiments, at least about 2-fold, about 3-fold, about 4-fold, about 5-fold, about 10-fold, about 20- than the lower than dose per unit area used to transport to the dermal substructure. Pears, about 30-fold, about 40-fold, about 50-fold, about 100-fold, or more.

In some embodiments, the present invention also contemplates methods of administering therapeutic agents, such as topical and / or topically delivered compositions, including nanoparticle compositions such as nanoemulsions (eg, microfluidized nanoemulsions). In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a cream, ointment, oil, foam, spray, lotion, liquid, powder, thickening lotion, or gel. Formulations comprising nanoparticle compositions may be formulated with certain monoalcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol), such as water and any cosmetically usable solvent, in particular alkanols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Alcohols such as alkylene glycols (glycerine, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol), and glycol ethers such as mono-, di- and tri-ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol Monomethyl ethers may be included alone or in mixtures. Such components may be present in proportions up to 70 wt% with respect to the total weight of the composition.

Formulations comprising nanoparticle compositions may comprise at least one filler to obtain a matte product, which may be particularly desirable for individuals with oily skin. "Fillers" do not chemically react with the various components of the composition when used alone or in combination at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and are insoluble in these components, especially their softening point or melting point when brought to temperatures above room temperature. It means any indenter which becomes a solid when brought to the above temperature. Such inert fillers generally have a melting point of at least 170 ° C, at least 180 ° C, at least 190 ° C or at least 200 ° C.

The filler may be absorbent or nonabsorbent, for example, to absorb the oil component of the composition and the biological material secreted by the skin. In some embodiments, the filler is granule and the apparent diameter ranges from 0.01 μm to 150 μm, from 0.5 μm to 120 μm, or 1 μm to 80 μm. The apparent diameter corresponds to the diameter of the circle with the smallest sized base particles engraved (thickness for lamellae).

Pharmaceutical compositions are described in more detail in the section “Pharmaceutical Compositions”.

Usually acne ( Acne Vulgaris )

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions are useful for treating acne, commonly referred to as “acne”, a skin disease caused by changes in the pilosebaceous units (eg, skin structures including hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands). It may include at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the acne is inflammatory. In some embodiments, acne is non-inflammatory. Although not life threatening, acne usually can cause serious problems in individuals with it. Depending on the severity of acne and other factors, recalcitrant acne can be psychologically debilitating and put a serious economic and emotional burden on people with acne. Despite the recent success of acne treatments, treatment failures are still common, especially in adult women. Many adults are “deviating from” the disease, but despite continued medical development, there are still those who suffer from it during most of adulthood. Unfortunately, the most powerful acne medications available today are systemic administration of a teratogenic agent, a major problem for many women. There is still an unmet need for a cure that can treat acne more locally and effectively with minimal side effects.

In general, acne is caused by blockage of the vesicles. Pathology is concentrated in the unit of moji, consisting of sebaceous glands, vesicles (eg, pores), and vellus hair. One of the first events leading to acne is hyperkeratinization, which blocks the upper part of the vesicles, and the formation of plugs of keratin and vesicles (“microcomedoa”). Enlargement of sebaceous glands and an increase in sebum production occur together with an increase in androgen production in the adrenarche. The vesicles may expand to form open acne (“black head”) or closed acne (“white head”). Under these conditions, naturally occurring commensual bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes , can cause inflammation, and inflammatory lesions (small bumps, infected pustules or Abduction), which eventually turns red and can lead to scars or pigmentation.

Puberty is characterized by increased levels of circulating androgens, especially dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Increased androgen levels appear to increase sebum production by allowing sebaceous glands to enlarge. Most acne patients have normal hormone levels, but there are several reasons to conclude that increased sebum production plays a role in acne. For example, there may be a correlation between sebum production rate and acne severity. Acne patients also generally produce sebum that is deficient in linoleic acid, a potential cause of abnormal keratinization and vesicle blockage.

In response to increased sebum levels, they grow relatively slowly and generally propionibacterium acnes , an oxygen resistant anaerobic gram positive, diphtheroid bacterium, colonize sebum vesicles. P. acnes exacerbates acne by acting as a chemical-attractant on neutrophils. Neutrophils ingest propionibactium equine ( P. acnes ) and in doing so release various hydrolytic enzymes that damage the follicular wall. The released vesicle contents penetrate the dermis, causing an inflammatory response, which manifests itself as pustules, erythematous papules, or abduction. In a separate route, Propionibactium echini ( P. acnes ) can hydrolyze triglycerides into free fatty acids, thereby increasing inflammation and increasing vesicle occlusion. P. acnes can also activate the complement components of the immune system, which can cause vesicle obstruction.

The vesicles are lined with a fusiform epithelium, a layer of cells adjacent to the skin surface. In individuals with a tendency to acne, the shedding of cells from these linings is sometimes hampered, perhaps because of increased levels of intercellular adsorption that promote cell binding. Retained cells can become acne by closing the vesicles. Such disturbed branching will be associated with epithelial differentiation and / or abnormal sebum composition (eg, lack of linoleic acid). Increased sebum levels have stimulated keratinocytes, which has been described as the cause of the release of interleukin-1, which can cause follicular hyperkeratosis. In general, each pathway that causes such acne is not mutually exclusive and is associated with follicular obstruction.

Some of the factors known to be associated with acne include family history and / or genetic history (eg, Ballanger et al, 2006, Dermatology , 212: 145-149 ; Incorporated in reference); Hormonal activity (eg, menstrual cycle, puberty, etc.); Stress (eg, increased release of hormones from the adrenal glands); Hyperactive sebaceous glands; Accumulation of dead skin cells; Bacteria in the pores (eg P. acnes ); Skin irritation or scratches; Use of anabolic steroids; Drug-containing halogen use (eg, iodide, chloride, bromide), lithium, barbiturates, or androgens; Exposure to certain chemical compounds (eg, dioxins, such as chlorinated dioxins); Exposure to testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and / or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I); Diets with high milk and / or carbohydrate content; Low levels of vitamins A and / or E; Poor hygiene; Or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, acne treatment acts through one or more of the following mechanisms: (1) normalization of the division into pores to prevent blockage; (2) killing P. acnes ; (3) has anti-inflammatory activity; And / or (4) regulation of hormone levels.

The present invention provides a method for treating acne, which method comprises topically administering a nanoparticle composition comprising at least one therapeutic agent to an individual suffering from, exhibiting or susceptible to acne symptoms. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are topically administered to an infected site (eg, face, neck, back, arms, chest, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating acne are formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens. Further considerations on preparation and administration are described in detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

In some embodiments, botulinum toxin (eg, administered in a nanoparticle composition) can be used to treat acne. Injected botulinum toxin has been reported to relieve acne. For example, U.S. Patent 7,226,605 (incorporated by reference). However, as discussed herein, there are a number of side effects associated with botulinum toxin injection. The present invention contemplates administering botulinum nanoparticle compositions, such as botulinum toxin nanoemulsions (eg, microfluidized botulinum toxin nanoemulsions), to patients with acne symptoms.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions may include any therapeutic agent useful for treating acne, including all the therapeutic agents for acne listed in the “Therapeutic Agents” section. In some embodiments, such materials may be used as cleansers or soaps as described in the “Therapeutic Agents” section; Topical fungicides (eg, benzoyl peroxide, triclosan, chlorohexidine gluconate, etc.); Topical antibiotics (eg, externally provided erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, etc.); Oral antibiotics (eg, erythromycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, limesicline, trimetprim, and the like); Hormonal therapies (eg, estrogen / progesterone oral contraceptives, low dose spironolactone, cortisone, etc.); Topical retinoids (eg, tretinoin [RETIN-A®], adapalene [DIFFERTN®], tazarotene [TAZORAC®], retinol, isotretinoin, and the like); Oral retinoids (eg, isotretinoin [ACCUTANE®, AMNESTEEM ™, SOTRET ™, CLARA VIS ™]); Herbs (eg, aloe vera; aruna, Haldi [turmeric], papaya, etc.); Azelaic acid; Anti-inflammatory agents (eg naproxen, ibuprofen, lofecoxib [ Tehrani and Dharmalingam , 2004, Indian J. Dermatol . Venereol . Lepro L, 70: 345-348 ; Incorporated by reference], etc.); Nicotinamide [vitamin B3]; Tea tree oil [melaleuca oil]; Rofecoxib; Zinc ( Dreno et al , 1989, Acta Derm . Venereol ., 69: 541-3; and Dreno et al , 2001, Dermatology , 203: 135-40 ; Both documents are incorporated by reference); And / or combinations thereof.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy. In some embodiments, the present invention includes “therapeutic cocktails” comprising nanoparticle compositions. In order for a multiple regimen to be used, a particular combination (therapeutic agent or course) of treatment will have to take into account the compatibility of the desired agent and / or process and the desired therapeutic effect to be obtained. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more nanoparticle compositions may be administered in advance, or subsequently, simultaneously with one or more other desired agents and / or processes. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle composition itself may include one or more additional therapeutic agents, as described herein.

In order for multiple regimens to be used, certain combinations of treatments will have to take into account the compatibility of the desired therapeutic agent and / or process and the desired therapeutic effect to be obtained. The therapy used may achieve the desired effect on the same disorder (eg, the nanoparticle composition may be administered simultaneously with another substance useful for treating the associated disorder at the dermal level of the skin) or different effects (eg It will be appreciated that the nanoparticle composition can be administered with another substance useful for mitigating any side effects of the nanoparticle composition. In some embodiments, the composition according to the present invention is U.S. Administered with a second therapeutic agent approved by the FDA.

“In combination with” does not mean that such methods of co-administration or co-delivery are within the scope of the present invention, although the materials must be formulated to be co-administered and / or co-carried together. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents used in combination are administered together in a single composition. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents used in combination are administered separately in different compositions. The composition may be administered simultaneously, in advance or subsequently with one or more other desired therapeutic agents and / or procedures. In general, such agents will be administered at a determined dose and / or at a determined time schedule for that substance. In addition, the present invention includes the delivery of nanoparticle compositions in combination with substances that improve the bioavailability of a therapeutic agent, reduce and / or modify metabolism, inhibit release, and / or modify distribution in the body.

In general, it is expected that the materials used in the combination therapy will be used at levels that do not exceed the levels used individually. In some embodiments, the level used in combination therapy will be lower than that used individually.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of acne, such as the substances described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention can be administered in combination with other substances used to treat acne symptoms and / or causes. In some embodiments, this process comprises phototherapy (eg, alternating blue and red light); Photodynamic therapy (eg, intense blue / violet light); Laser treatment (eg, burning hair follicle sacs; burning sebaceous glands that produce oil; and / or inducing oxygen formation in bacteria to kill them); Applying heat locally; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent useful for treating acne in combination with phototherapy for acne treatment may be administered to a subject. Short-term improvement of acne can be done with sunlight, but studies have shown that sunlight worsens acne in the long run. More recently, visible light has been successfully used to treat acne (eg, "phototherapy")-powerful violet light (405 nm) produced by special-purpose fluorescent lights, dichroic bulbs, LEDs, and / or lasers. 420 nm) was used. When used twice weekly, the number of acne lesions was reduced by about 64% ( Kawada et al , 2002, J. Dermatol. ScL , 30: 129-35 ; And more effective when used daily. Without being bound to any one theory, porphyrins (coporphyrin III) made in P. acnes produce free radicals when irradiated with light of 420 nm and shorter wavelengths ( Kjeldstad , 1984, Z.). Naturforsch [C], 39: 300-2; incorporated by reference). When used for several days, these free radicals eventually kill the bacteria ( Ashkenazi et al , 2003, FEMS Immunol . Med . Fine biol ., 35: 17-24; Incorporated in references). Since porphyrin is not present in the skin, ultraviolet light (UV) is not used and appears to be stable and has been approved by the US FDA. When using red visible light (approximately 660 nm), 80% of patients had better treatment results with 76% reduction of lesions after 3 months of daily treatment ( Papageorgiou et al , 2000, Br . J. Dermatol ., 142: 973-8; Incorporated in references). Unlike most other treatments, no side effects were generally experienced and the bacterial resistance to the treatment appeared to be very low. After treatment, clearance was generally longer than topical or oral antibiotics (eg, up to several months).

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent useful for treating acne in combination with photodynamic therapy for acne treatment may be administered to a subject. Powerful blue / violet light (405 nm-425 nm) can reduce the number of inflammatory acne lesions by 60%-70% in 4 weeks of treatment, in particular P. acnes produces delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) porphyrin To increase.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent useful for treating acne, in combination with a laser for treating acne, can be administered to a subject. Laser surgery has been used to reduce scars behind acne, but studies have been done on lasers to prevent acne formation itself. Generally, lasers are used to burn hair follicle sacs that grow hair, to burn sebaceous glands that produce oil, and / or to induce oxygen formation in bacteria to kill them.

In some embodiments, in combination with topical heat therapy for the treatment of acne, nanoparticle compositions useful for the treatment of acne may be administered to a subject. In some cases, local fever can be used to accelerate the treatment by killing bacteria in acne outbreaks.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises at least one therapeutic agent in an amount sufficient to reduce the severity and / or spread of acne by at least about 25% in the nanoparticle composition; In some embodiments the severity and / or spread of acne is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, About 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52 %, About 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, About 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77 %, About 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, At least one therapeutic agent in an amount sufficient to reduce about 90% or more is included in the nanoparticle composition.

Hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition that causes sweating excessively and unpredictably. People with hyperhidrosis can sweat when the temperature is cold and when they are resting. Sweat helps keep your body cool and perfectly natural. In warm weather, exercise, or nervous, angry, embarrassed, fearful, you sweat more in response to the situation. Uncontrolled sweating can cause significant discomfort physically and emotionally.

Hyperhidrosis occurs without a normal sweat trigger, which refers to abnormalities in the body characterized by sweating beyond what is required for body temperature control. People with hyperhidrosis appear to have hyperactive glands. Hyperhidrosis can be systemic or limited to certain parts of the body. Hands, feet, armpits, forehead, and ear are the most active areas of sweating due to relatively high density of sweat glands; However, any part of the body can be affected. Excessive sweating on the hands, feet, and armpits and the absence of other identifiable causes are called “primary” or “local hyperhidrosis”. Primary hyperhidrosis requires 2-3% of the population and less than 40% of patients with these abnormalities require medical attention. There may be genetic components associated with primary hyperhidrosis. One theory is the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Primary hyperhidrosis can begin during or before puberty.

If sweating is caused by another medical condition, this is called secondary hyperhidrosis. Sweating may appear throughout the body or may be localized in one area. Secondary hyperhidrosis can begin at one point in life. In some cases, they come unexpectedly. Body abnormalities that cause secondary hyperhidrosis include acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, glucose control disorders (including diabetes), pheochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome, cancer, tuberculosis, infections, menopause, spinal cord injury, seizures, thyroid gland disorders, Pituitary gland disorders, gout, mercury poisoning, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, lung disease, certain drugs, substance abuse or anxiety disorders.

Hyperhidrosis can include “hands” (e.g. excessive sweating on the hands), "armpits" (e.g. excessive sweating in the armpits), "soles" (e.g. excessive sweating on the soles), "faces" (e.g. excessive sweating on the face). Sweating), “skulls” (eg, excessive sweating around the head, especially hairy lines), or “normal” (eg, excessive sweating overall).

The present invention provides a method for treating hyperhidrosis comprising topical administration of a nanoparticle composition comprising at least one therapeutic agent to an individual suffering from, or prone to suffering from, hyperhidrosis symptoms. In some embodiments, such nanoparticle compositions are administered topically to the site (eg, armpits, hands, feet, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating hyperhidrosis may be formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, and the like. In some embodiments, the nanoparticle composition for treating hyperhidrosis is formulated with deodorants and / or antiperspirants (eg, roll-on, solid sticks, gels, creams, aerosols, and the like). Further considerations for preparation and administration are described in more detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

In some embodiments, botulinum toxin (eg, administered in a nanoparticle composition) can be used to treat hyperhidrosis. Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX®) was approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of severe axillary sweating (eg, primary axillary hyperhidrosis). A small amount of purified botulinum toxin injected into the armpit temporarily blocks nerves that stimulate sweating. Side effects include injection site pain and bleeding, non-armpit sweating, infection, pharyngitis, influenza syndrome, headache, fever, sore throat, pruritus, and anxiety. BOTOX®, which is used for palm sweating, can cause mild and temporary weakness and strong pain.

In some embodiments, the present invention contemplates administering a botulinum nanoparticle composition, such as botulinum toxin nanoemulsion (eg, microfluidized botulinum toxin nanoemulsion), to a patient with hyperhidrosis.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions can include any therapeutic agent useful for treating hyperhidrosis, including all therapeutic agents for hyperhidrosis listed in the “Therapeutic Agents” section. In some embodiments, these materials are anti-limiting agents (eg, aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium compound, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly, as described in more detail in the “Therapeutic Agents” section). Aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex gly, ammonium alum, etc.); Oral drugs (eg, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, hydroxyzine, glycopyrrolate, and the like); Anticholinergic drugs (eg, oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate, propanethenyl bromide, benztropin, and the like); Beta-blockers; Antidepressants; Anxiolytics; Talc and / or baby powder; And / or combinations thereof.

The nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy, as described in the treatment of acne. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat hyperhidrosis symptoms and / or causes, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat hyperhidrosis symptoms and / or causes, as described above. In some embodiments, such procedures include surgery (eg, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, lumbar sympathectomy, sweat gland inhalation, thoracic sympathectomy, etc.); Iontophoresis; Weight loss; Relaxation and / or meditation; hypnosis; Use of shoe inserts; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for the treatment of hyperhidrosis can be administered to a subject. In the ETS process, the selected sympathetic nerves or ganglia of the chest are cut, cut, burned or clamped. This relieves excessive palm sweating in about 85% -95% of patients. ETS can help treat axillary hyperhidrosis, and palm hyperhidrosis also has better results.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with lumbar sympathectomy for the treatment of hyperhidrosis can be administered to a subject. Lumbar sympathectomy may be useful in patients whose endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy does not relieve excessive plantar sweating. In this process, lumbar sympathetic chains are shortened or split, relieving severe or excessive foot sweating. The success rate is about 90%.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with sweat gland inhalation for the treatment of hyperhidrosis may be administered to a subject. Sweat glands are a modified technique adopted from liposuction ( Bieniek) et al , 2005, Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC / Hrvatsko dermatolosko drustvo, 13: 212-8 ; Incorporated in references). Approximately 30% of sweat glands are removed with a proportional decrease.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with iontophoresis for the treatment of hyperhidrosis may be administered to a subject. Iontoporesis was described in the 1950s, and the exact mode of action is currently unknown ( Kreyden , 2004, J. Cosmetic Dermatol , 3: 211-4; Incorporated in references). The area is placed on a device with two buckets, each with a conductor. The hand or foot acts like a conductor between the positively and negatively charged buckets. When a low current passes through the site, the minerals in the water block the glands, limiting the amount of sweat released. Devices are commonly used on hands and feet, but there are also devices that are tailored to the axillary and amputated cutouts.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with percutaneous sympathetic nerve block for the treatment of hyperhidrosis may be administered to a subject. Percutaneous sympathetic blockade is a minimally invasive process in which nerves are blocked by phenol injection ( Wang et al, 2001, Neurosurgery , 49: 628-34 ; Incorporated in references).

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with weight loss for the treatment of hyperhidrosis can be administered to a subject. Hyperhidrosis can be aggravated by obesity, and in some patients, weight loss can help alleviate the hyperhidrosis.

In some embodiments, relaxing and / or meditating for the treatment of hyperhidrosis; Nanoparticle compositions comprising a therapeutic agent in combination with hypnosis can be administered to a subject. Hypnosis has been used to some extent to improve the process of administering injections for the treatment of hyperhidrosis ( Maillard et al , 2007, Annales de dermatologie et de venereologic , 134: 653-4; Incorporated in references).

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce sweat at least about 25%; In some embodiments, an amount sufficient to reduce sweat at least about 30%; In some embodiments sweating at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41% , About 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66% , About 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about Reduced by 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more It is included in an amount sufficient to make it.

Odor

Liquid odor (also called cancer, skin odor, body odor, and B.O.) is the smell of bacteria that grows on the body. Bacteria grow rapidly in the presence of sweat, but the sweat itself is almost completely odorless. Body odor is associated with hair, feet, sprains, anus, entire skin, armpits, genitals, pubic hair, and mouth.

Apocrine liquor is the most common form, and exocrine diarrhea is rare. Several factors contribute to the development of apocrine itch. Bacterial degradation of apocrine secretion produces ammonia and short-chain fatty acids with characteristic strong odors. The most abundant acid among them is (E) -3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid (E-3M2H), which comes to the skin surface to which two apocrine secreted odor-binding proteins (ASOB1 and ASOB2) are bound. One of these binding proteins, ASOB2, has been identified as apolipoprotein D (apoD), which is known as a member of the lipocalin family of carrier proteins.

Axillary bacterial flora has been found to produce a characteristic axillary odor by converting precursors that do not smell in sweat into volatile acids with a stronger odor. The most common of these are E-3M2H and (RS) -3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA), which are zinc-dependent N-alpha-acyl-glutamine amino specific from Corynebacterium spp. It is released through the action of acylase (N-AGA). This aminoacylase has recently been described as releasing other odorous acids from glutamine conjugates in sweat, which can be based on an individual's body odor.

In certain circumstances, eccrine secretions are generally odorless, aggressive and cause exocrine odor. Exocrine sweats soften keratin and cause odors due to bacterial breakdown of keratin. Some foods, including garlic, onions, curry, and alcohol, certain drugs (eg penicillin, bromide), and toxins can cause exocrine drainage. Exocrine narcosis may also be due to lower metabolic or endogenous causes.

 The role of excessive exocrine secretions or hyperhidrosis in itch etiology is not clear. Hyperhidrosis can contribute to liquefaction by promoting the spread of apocrine sweat and by creating one mature moisture environment for bacterial growth. Conversely, exocrine hyperhidrosis can reduce odors by flushing away the apocrine sweat, which creates more odors.

The present invention provides a method of treating liquid liquefaction comprising topical administration of a nanoparticle composition to an individual suffering from, possibly prone to, and / or having symptoms of liquid odor. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent in the nanoparticle composition is administered topically to the site (eg, armpit, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating liquid odor are formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, deodorants, and the like. Additional considerations for preparation and administration are described in detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

Pharmaceutics The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and causes of itch, including all the therapeutic agents listed in the "Treatment" section, as described above for the treatment of itch. Can be. In some embodiments, such materials are perfumes; deodorant; Antiperspirants; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce odor about 25%; In some embodiments, an amount sufficient to reduce odor at least about 30%; In some embodiments the odor is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41% , About 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66% , About 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about Reduced by 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more It is included in an amount sufficient to make.

Nausea

Hyperhidrosis is a rare body disorder characterized by secreting sweat. This is caused by the deposition of lipofucin in the sweat glands. Approximately 10% of people without this disease have acceptable and colored sweat within the normal range. Typically, embarrassment mainly affects the apocrine glands in the face and armpits. Lipofuscin pigments are made in the apocrine glands, and their various oxidative states account for the characteristic yellow, green, blue or black secretions observed in apocrine hyperhidrosis. Exocytosis of the exocrine glands is rare and occurs mainly after taking certain dyes or drugs. Pseudopyretic hypersensitivity occurs when external dyes, paints or coloring bacteria cause a clear exocrine sweat on the skin surface.

The present invention provides a method for treating nausea comprising topical administration of a nanoparticle composition to an individual suffering from nausea, prone to suffering from, and / or exhibiting itch symptoms. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent in the nanoparticle composition is administered topically to the site (eg, armpit, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating hyperhidrosis are formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, deodorants. Additional considerations for preparation and administration are described in detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

Pharmaceutics The composition according to the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat symptoms and causes of nausea, including all the therapeutic agents listed in the "Treatment" section, as described above for the treatment of hyperchromia. Can be administered. In some embodiments, such materials are perfumes; deodorant; Antiperspirants; And / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the degree or occurrence of tinted sweat at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the amount or occurrence of pigmented sweat at least about 30%; In some embodiments the degree or occurrence of colored sweating is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, About 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52 %, About 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, About 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77 %, About 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, Amount sufficient to reduce by about 90% or more.

Hot flashes

Hot flashes are the ideal of the body, estimated to affect 45 million people worldwide. Hot flashes affect both men and women, but nearly three times as many women are between 30 and 60 years of age at the peak age of signs. It begins with erythema (eg, reddening, redness) in the center of the face, cheeks, nose and / or forehead, but rarely can appear on the neck or chest. Other symptoms when hot flashes progress, such as one or more semi-permanent erythema, capillary dilatation (eg, expansion of epithelial vessels on the face), thick, rounded bumps and pustules, reddish-eyed eyes with burning, burning and stinging sensations , And / or flows (eg, red tongue) may occur.

There are four main subtypes of hot flashes. "Erythematotelangiectatic hot flashes" are characterized by permanent redness that easily reddens. It may also have small blood vessels (eg, spider veins) visible near the surface of the skin and / or may feel burning or itchy. "Papulopustular hot flashes" are characterized by having some permanent redness with papules and / or pustules that typically last from 1 to 4 days. This subtype is often confused with acne. "Phymatous hot flashes" are most often associated with nasal hypertrophy and nasal flow. Symptoms include thickened skin, irregular surface nodules, and hypertrophy. Phymatous hot flashes include gnatophyma, forehead, cheek, blepharophyma, and / or otophyma (e.g., Jansen and Plewig , 1998, Facial Plast . Surg ., 14: 241 ; (Incorporated in the reference). There may be small blood vessels (such as spider veins) that can be seen near the surface of the skin. "Ocular hot flashes" are characterized by red, dry, irritated eyes and / or eyelids. Other symptoms may include foreign body itch, itching, and / or burning sensation.

Hot flashes can be triggered by a variety of stimuli. Triggers that cause a reddening condition in hot flashes, such as exposure to extreme temperatures, hard exercise, sunburn, stress, anxiety, cold winds, and / or movement from cold to warm or vice versa Can be. Some foods and drinks, such as alcohol, food containing caffeine (eg, hot tea, coffee), high histamines, spicy foods can trigger redness. Certain drugs and topical irritants can speed up the progression of hot flashes (eg, steroids, benzoyl peroxide, isotretinoin).

The present invention provides a method for treating hot flashes comprising topical administration of a nanoparticle composition to an individual suffering from, potentially prone to, and / or showing hot flashes symptoms. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent in the nanoparticle composition is administered topically to the site (eg, cheek, nose, forehead, ear, neck, chest, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating hyperhidrosis are formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, deodorants. Additional considerations for preparation and administration are described in detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

In some embodiments, hot flashes of different subtypes are treated differently than hot flashes of other subtypes ( Cohen and Tiemstra , 2002, J. Am . Board Fam . Pract ., 15: 214; Incorporated in references). In some embodiments, hot flashes of different subtypes are not treated differently than hot flashes of other subtypes.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions may include any therapeutic agent useful for treating hot flashes, including all the therapeutic agents for hot flashes listed in the “Therapeutic Agents” section. In some embodiments, such materials include but are not limited to oral antibiotics (eg, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, macrolide antibiotics, and the like). In some embodiments, oral antibiotics are administered at an anti-inflammatory dose (eg, about 40 mg / day) or higher dose. In some embodiments, the combination therapy material may include oral isotretinoin. In some embodiments, the combination therapy material is a topical antibiotic (eg, metronidazole, clindamycin, erythromycin, and the like); Topical azelaic acid (eg, FINACEA, AZELEX ™, FINEVIN®, cutaneous OREN, etc.); Topical sulferaceamides; Topical sulfur; Topical calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and the like); Topical benzoyl peroxide; Topical permethrin; A combination of plant-material methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and silymarin; And / or combinations thereof. Any combination of the foregoing may be used, and such therapeutic agents are described in more detail in the "Therapeutic Agents" section.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy as described in hot flashes treatment. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of hot flashes, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of hot flashes. In some embodiments, this process comprises gentle cleansing of the skin with a non-irritating cleanser; Covering the skin with a cloth to protect it from the sun; Applying sunscreen to exposed skin; Cutaneous vascular laser (single wavelength); Powerful pulsed light (broad spectrum); Carbon dioxide lasers; Low level of light therapy; And / or combinations thereof.

Hot flashes skin vascular laser (single wavelength) and / or a strong pulse light (broad spectrum) (Angermeier, 1999, J. Cutan . Laser Ther ., 1:95 ; Incorporation in reference). These methods utilize light that penetrates the epithelium to target the capillaries of the dermis. Light is absorbed by oxy-hemoglobin so that the capillary wall receives heat up to 70 ° C., destroying them, and light is absorbed by the body's natural defense mechanisms. These methods can be successful in removing redness as a whole, but additional periodic treatment is necessary to remove newly formed capillaries. Alternatively or additionally, 595 nm long pulse-period pulsed dye lasers may be useful for hot flashes treatment ( Kligman and Bernstein , 2008, Lasers Surg. Med ., 40: 233; Incorporated in references).

Alternatively or additionally, carbon dioxide lasers can be used to remove excess tissue caused by non-current hot flashes. Carbon dioxide lasers emit wavelengths that are absorbed directly by the skin. The laser beam can be concentrated in a thin beam and used as a surgical scalpel or to evaporate tissue.

In some embodiments, hot flashes can be treated with low levels of light therapy.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the degree and / or spread of one or more hot flash symptoms at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the extent and / or spread of one or more hot flash symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the degree and / or spread of one or more hot flash symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51% , About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76% , About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more.

hair loss

Baldness is a condition in which hair grows well, especially hair. The most common baldness is the reduction of progressive hair called "male baldness", which occurs in androgen alopecia or mature males (males) and other species. Bald sheep and patterns vary greatly; Male and female type “pattern baldness” (also called androgenetic alopecia, also known as androgen alopecia or masculine baldness); "Alopecia areata" means hair loss from a portion of the head; "Frontal alopecia" is the loss of all hair on the head; The most extreme form is "systemic alopecia" in which all the hairs of the head and body fall out.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions can include any therapeutic agent useful for treating hair loss, including all the therapeutic agents for treating hair loss listed in the “Therapeutic Agents” section. In some embodiments, such materials include aza-steroids such as finasteride (PROPECIA®; PROSCAR®; etc.) or dutasteride (AVODART®); Topically provided minoxidil, vasodilators (ROGAINE®); Anti-androgens (eg, ketoconazole, fluconazole, spironolactone, and the like); Saw palmetto; Caffeine; Copper peptides; Nitroxide spin labels TEMPO and Tempol; Unsaturated fatty acids (eg gamma linolenic acid); Hedgehog antidepressants; Azelaic acid and zinc complexes; Chinese Jang Keun-Geun; Pumpkin seeds; Spironolactone; Tretinoin; zinc; nettle; And / or combinations thereof. Combinations of any of the above may be used and such therapeutics are discussed in more detail in the “Therapeutic Agents” section.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy as described in Treating Hair Loss. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of hair loss, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of hair loss. In some embodiments, this process comprises hair transplantation; Healthy diet and exercise; Hair growth; Scalp massage; Low-level laser therapy; And / or electrophoresis.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more hair loss symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more alopecia symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more alopecia symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39 %, About 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64 %, About 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, About 77%, About 78%, About 79%, About 80%, About 81%, About 82%, About 83%, About 84%, About 85%, About 86%, About 87%, About 88%, About 89 %, About 90% or more.

psoriasis

Psoriasis is a disorder that affects the skin and joints. It is the cause of red scaly patches that appear mainly on the skin. Scaly patches are called psoriasis, "psoriatic plaques", which refer to areas of inflammation and excessive skin production. At this site the skin accumulates rapidly and has a silvery appearance. Platelets occur frequently in the elbows and knees, but can affect any area, including the scalp and genitals. Psoriasis is immune-mediated and is not considered to be contact.

Psoriasis can range from small local patches to covering the entire body, beyond chronic recurrence. Nails and toenails are primarily affected ("psoriasis nail malnutrition"). Psoriasis can also cause inflammation of the joints, known as "psoriasis arthritis." 10-15% of people with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis.

The cause of psoriasis is unknown, but it is believed to have a genetic component. There are several factors considered to exacerbate psoriasis, including stress, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking. Individuals with psoriasis may suffer from depression and loss of confidence. As such, quality of life becomes an important factor in assessing the severity of the disease.

In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions can include any therapeutic agent useful for treating psoriasis, including all therapeutic agents for treating psoriasis listed in the “Therapeutic Agents” section. In some embodiments, such materials include coal tar; Ditranol (anthraline); Corticosteroids such as desoxymethasone (TOPICORT); Vitamin D3 analogs (eg calcipotriol); Retinoids; Argan oil; Topical administration of psoraren (PUVA) with exposure to UV light; Milk thistle; Methotrexate; Cyclosporin; Antimetabolic thioguanine; Hydroxyurea; Sulfasalazine; Mycophenolate mofetil; Azathioprine; Tacrolimus; And / or antibody-based therapeutics (eg, Arefecept [AMEVIEVE®], Etanercept [EMBREL®], Infliximab [REMIC ADE®], etc.). Combinations of any of the above may be used and such therapeutics are discussed in more detail in the “Therapeutic Agents” section.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy as described in the treatment of psoriasis. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of psoriasis, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of psoriasis. In some embodiments, such procedures include but are not limited to phototherapy and / or photochemotherapeutic.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more psoriasis symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments, an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more psoriasis symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more psoriasis symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39 %, About 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64 %, About 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, About 77%, About 78%, About 79%, About 80%, About 81%, About 82%, About 83%, About 84%, About 85%, About 86%, About 87%, About 88%, About 89 %, About 90% or more.

Skin infection

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating skin infections (eg, bacterial, viral, and / or fungal infections). In some embodiments, the one or more therapeutic agents in the nanoparticle composition are used to treat abnormalities or disorders associated with bacterial infection of the dermis, such as impetigo, folliculitis, pneumoconiosis, emphysema, purulent sweat glands (eg, sweat glands and / or hair follicles). Bacterial infections), skin abscesses, feline granulopathy, cellulitis, isolated, pustules, necrotizing fasciitis, erythrasma, bovine and keratinosis, axillary hair fungus, staphylococcal fever skin syndrome, acute peritonitis, and / or combinations thereof Used for, but not limited to treatment.

In some embodiments, the abnormality or disorder associated with bacterial infection of the dermis is at least one Staphylococcus aureus ), Streptococcus pyogenes ), B and C groups streptococci , anaerobic bacteria (eg Clostridium spp.), Corynebacteria spp. (eg Corynebacteria minutissimum ), Corynebateria tenuis ), etc.), Dermatophilus congolensis ), and / or combination thereof, or may be associated with it.

In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of abnormalities or disorders associated with bacterial infections of the dermis are antibiotics (eg, penicillin, diclooxaclin, ceparexin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, etc.), topical antibiotics ( Examples include, but are not limited to, hexed mixtures of clindamycin, erythromycin, pyrosine, etc., bacitracin and polymyxin (eg, NEOSPORIN®, polySPORIN®), topical fusidic acid creams, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more therapeutic agents in the nanoparticle composition are used to treat abnormalities or disorders associated with bacterial infection of the dermis, eg, herpes labialis, genital herpes, shingles. ), Infectious continuous species (molluscum contagiosum), warts, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the abnormality or disorder associated with bacterial infection of the dermis is due to one or more herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex type 2, varicella zoster virus, human papilloma virus, poxvirus, and / or combinations thereof It may be associated with this.

Therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of abnormalities or disorders associated with bacterial infections of the dermis include all therapies for skin infections listed in the "Therapeutic Agents" section.

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of abnormalities or disorders associated with bacterial infection of the dermis is an antiviral therapeutic agent (eg, acyclovir, famcyclovir, valcyclovir, etc.), topical therapeutic agents (eg, trichloroacetic acid, Salicylic acid, grapepyrine, cantacour, imiquimod cream, etc.), and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, one or more therapeutic agents in the nanoparticle composition can be used to treat abnormalities or disorders in the body associated with fungal infections of the dermis, including dermatosis, athlete's feet, Candida interrogation, thrush, nails. Peripheritis, oral cleft lipitis, Candida vulvitis, glansitis, tinea ringworm, chronic periarthritis, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, at least one or more disorders of the body is associated with infection of the dermis gompam tricot piton (Trichophyton) species (eg, Lu tricot piton bromine (Trichophyton rubrum), my cross-forum (Microsporum) species, epi Durbar fur tone (Epidermophyton) species, Candida (Candida) species (e.g., Candida albicans (Candida albicans), and / or error correcting capability of Ross Forum Ovalle (Pityrosporum ovale ), and / or combinations thereof or associated with the same.

In some embodiments, a therapeutic agent useful for the treatment of an abnormality or disorder in the body associated with a fungal infection of the dermis is a topical treatment (eg, terbinafine [LAMISIL®], clotrimazole [LOTRIMIN®, MYCELEX®], or Econazol [ SPECTAZOLE®], selenium sulfide shampoo, ketoconazole shampoo, and the like, oral therapeutic agents (eg, itraconazole [SPORANOX®], terbinafine, etc.), and / or combinations thereof.

Combinations of any of the above may be used and such therapeutics are discussed in more detail in the “Therapeutic Agents” section.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy as described in the treatment of skin infections. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of skin infections, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of skin infections. In some embodiments, such procedures include, but are not limited to, surgical removal of the infected skin, amputation, and the like.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more skin infection symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more skin infection symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more skin infection symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51% , About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76% , About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more.

Actinic keratosis

In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is useful for treating actinic keratosis. Actinic keratosis (also known as “sun keratosis” or “AK”) refers to the precancerous condition of thick, scaly or crusty patches of skin. Skin that is frequently exposed to the sun is the most common among white people. When the skin is constantly exposed to the sun, thick, scaly or crusty bumps appear. The scales or crusty part of the hump are dry and rough. It begins to grow on flat scales and later on to rough, wart-like areas.

The actinic keratosis site usually ranges in size from 2 mm to 6 mm, can be black or bright, tan, pink, red or a combination of both, and can have the same color as the surrounding skin. It can appear on any sun-exposed area such as the face, ears, neck, scalp, chest, back of the hand, forearm or lips.

In some embodiments, therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of abnormalities or disorders of the body associated with actinic keratosis include, but are not limited to, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac, crokdil oil, and / or combinations thereof. Combinations of any of the above may be used and such therapeutics are discussed in more detail in the “Therapeutic Agents” section.

Nanoparticle compositions according to the invention can be used in combination therapy as described in the treatment of actinic keratosis. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of actinic keratosis, as described above. Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone or in combination with procedures used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of actinic keratosis. In some embodiments, such procedures include, but are not limited to cryosurgery, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, electrocautery, surgery, and the like.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more actinic keratosis symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more actinic keratosis symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more actinic keratosis symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51% , About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76% , About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more.

The present invention provides a method of treating actinic keratosis comprising topical administration of a nanoparticle composition to a subject suffering from, prone to and / or exhibiting actinic keratosis symptoms. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent in the nanoparticle composition is administered topically to the site (eg, armpit, etc.). In some embodiments, nanoparticle compositions for treating actinic keratosis are formulated with creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, deodorants. Additional considerations for preparation and administration are described in detail in the "Pharmaceutical Composition" and "Administration" sections.

Eczema  dermatitis

Eczema dermatitis is a skin abnormality characterized by a local inflammatory response, a erythema with no clear boundaries. In the acute phase, the lesion may show edema, vesicle formation, seep and, in some cases, blisters. The most chronic lesions are dry, scaly, and can exhibit secondary lichenification. These lesions often have secondary bacterial infections, which can cause hardening. These lesions are often pruritus. In some cases, this condition may be secondary to allergens.

Atopic dermatitis is a more generalized form of eczema dermatitis, involving many parts of the skin, and accompanied by significant itching. Such conditions often have a personal or family history of asthma, hay fever, or other allergies. Lesions are mainly distributed in the antecubital and popliteal fosse, wrist and neck. Eczema dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are also known as "eczema."

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of eczema dermatitis, as described above for the treatment of eczema dermatitis. In some embodiments, such agents include botulinum toxin, glucocorticosteroids, coal tar, calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, etc.), antihistamines (eg, diphenhydramine, etc.), cyclosporine, interferon, ah Malizumab, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, AMG 157, JNJ-26113100, CD 2027, SUN13834, S-777469, GW842470X, TS022, roflumilast, calcipotriol, pitrakinra, and / or its Includes complexes.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more eczema dermatitis symptoms by at least about 25%. ; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more eczema dermatitis symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more eczema dermatitis symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, About 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51 %, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, About 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76 %, About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, An amount sufficient to reduce about 89%, about 90% or more.

Excessive sebum-producing disorders

Excessive sebaceous-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.) are disorders in which the sebaceous glands affect many skin areas, and generally include the scalp, face and / or trunk. Patients with these diseases generally have scaly, flaky, erythematous skin, often pruritus skin. If the scalp is involved, it can lead to hair loss. In some cases, the skin is oily.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of excessive sebum-producing disorders, as described above for excessive sebum-producing disorders. Can be. In some embodiments, such materials include botulinum toxin, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, selenium sulfide, imidazole (e.g., ketoconazole, myconazole, fluconazole, econazol, biponazole, climazole, cycloclorox, cyclocloroxamine, Etc.), itraconazole, terbinafine, zinc pyrithione, benzoyl peroxide, coal tar, rodem tree tar, glucocorticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone, etc.), metronidazole, lithium, calcineurin inhibitors (e.g. tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) , Etc.), vitamin D3, isotretinoin, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the invention relates to administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more excessive sebum-producing disorder symptoms by at least about 25%. Includes; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more excessive sebum-producing disorder symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more excessive sebum-producing disorder symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38 %, About 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, About 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63 %, About 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, About 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88 An amount sufficient to reduce by%, about 89%, about 90% or more.

Raynaud  phenomenon

Raynaud's symptoms are abnormal vasospasm of the fingers and toes. Generally, in response to cold or emotional stress, the skin of the finger discolors (whites, blues and / or reds), and there is pain. Serious Raynaud causes skin necrosis and eventually leads to necrosis of the fingers and / or toes, resulting in auto-amputation. Raynaud's patients' nails can become brittle. Such abnormalities are mainly associated with connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma and / or rheumatoid arthritis.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of Raynaud's symptoms, as described above for Raynaud's symptoms. In some embodiments, such agents include calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine, etc.), alpha blockers (eg, hydrazine, etc.), nitroglycerin, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (eg, losartan, etc.), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine, etc.), glyceryl trinitrate, tadalafil, Ginkgo biloba extract, SLx-2101, John's Wort, Fasudil, Chirospazol, Iroprost, Leracin, Treprostinil diethanolamine, Sildenafil, Atorvastatin, Imatinib Mesylate, Treprostinil Diethanolamine, and / or combinations thereof .

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more Raynaud's symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more Raynaud's symptoms symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more Raynaud phenomenon symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51% , About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76% , About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90% or more.

Erythema Lupus

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder involving the skin as well as organs including multiple organs such as the brain, nervous system, kidneys, liver and / or blood vessels. Lupus rash often occurs on the cheekbones of the face and is described as a “butterfly rash”. Some patients have thickened, reddened skin and scaly patches, called discus lupus. Hair loss can also be a manifestation of the disease. Mouth, nose and vaginal ulcers are also possible.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of lupus erythematosus, as described above for lupus erythematosus. In some embodiments, such materials are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, ibuprofen, etc.), aspirin, antimalarial drugs (eg, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, etc.), corticosteroids (eg, hydroxycortisone, Etc.), immunosuppressive drugs (eg, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, therapeutic antibodies, etc.), and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more erythematous lupus symptoms by at least about 25%. ; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more erythematous lupus symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more erythematous lupus symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, About 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51 %, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, About 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76 %, About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, An amount sufficient to reduce about 89%, about 90% or more.

Pigmentation abnormalities

Pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.) are disorders that result in abnormal darkening of the skin, either locally or systemically. Pigmentation is due to skin damage due to sun exposure, drugs, and / or inflammation (usually inflammation due to acne). A blemish is a dense, irregular skin patch most commonly seen on the top of the cheeks, nose, lips, upper whip, and / or forehead. Spots are often associated with pregnancy.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of pigmentation disorders, as described above for pigmentation disorders. In some embodiments, such materials include botulinum toxin, phenol (eg, hydroxyquinone, mequinol, etc.), retinoids (eg, tretinoin, isotretinoin, etc.), alpha-hydroxy acids (eg, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, Azelaic acid, etc.) and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more pigmentation abnormalities by at least about 25%. ; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more pigmentation abnormalities at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more pigmentation abnormalities is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, About 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51 %, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, About 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76 %, About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, An amount sufficient to reduce about 89%, about 90% or more.

Pigment deficiency

Pigmentary abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.) are characterized by abnormally whitening of the skin locally and / or systemically. Alum is characterized by whitening of the skin due to chronic local loss of skin pigment. When skin lesions develop, they mostly appear on the face, hands and wrists. Pigment deficiency is most noticeable in body cavity lesions such as mouth, eyes, nostrils, vulva and / or navel.

Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat symptoms and / or causes of pigment deficiency abnormalities, as described above for pigment deficiency abnormalities. In some embodiments, such materials include botulinum toxin, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors (eg, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, etc.), calcipotriol, psoraren, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce at least about 25% the level and / or progression of one or more of the symptoms of dysplasia. ; In some embodiments includes an amount sufficient to reduce at least about 30% of the level and / or progression of one or more pigment deficiency abnormalities; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more of the symptoms of dysplasia are at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, About 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51 %, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, About 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76 %, About 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, An amount sufficient to reduce about 89%, about 90% or more.

cutaneous cancer

Skin cancer (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) is a malignant growth of skin tissue, in which visible tumors are formed. Skin cancers can manifest as skin growth, changes in untreated skin, ulcers of the skin, discolored skin, and / or changes in existing warts, such as irregular edges or warts. Basal cell carcinoma appears in the form of raised, smooth, nacreous bumps on sun-exposed skin of the head, neck, and / or shoulder. Occasionally, sintered tubes can be seen in the tumor. A crust or bleeding may appear in the center of these tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma is a red, scaly, thick patch common on sun-exposed skin. Ulcers and bleeding can appear, and if left untreated, such skin cancers can develop into larger masses.

 Pharmaceuticals The compositions according to the invention may be administered alone and / or in combination with other substances used to treat the symptoms and / or causes of skin cancer, as described above for skin cancer. In some embodiments, such materials are botulinum toxin, 5-aminolevulininic acid, 5-fluorouracil, acitretin, apamelanotide, API 31510, API 31510, cetusimab, dasatinib, eflulinitin , Erlotinib, GDC-0449, epitinib, HPPH, imiquinode, methyl aminolevurinate, PEG-interferon alfa-2a, PEP005, silicone phthalocyanine 4, tazarotene, tretinoin, vertepulin, and / Or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, such agents useful for treating basal cell skin carcinoma include botulinum toxin, 5-aminolebulinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, acitretin, apamelanotide, API 31510, API 31510, cetushimab, Dasatinib, eflulinitin, erlotinib, GDC-0449, gefitinib, HPPH, imiquinoid, methyl aminolevulinate, PEG-interferon alpha-2a, PEP005, silicone phthalocyanine 4, tazarotene , Tretinoin, vertopefin, and / or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises administering at least one therapeutic agent (eg, botulinum toxin) in the nanoparticle composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more skin cancer symptoms by at least about 25%; In some embodiments, an amount sufficient to reduce the level and / or progression of one or more skin cancer symptoms by at least about 30%; In some embodiments the level and / or progression of one or more skin cancer symptoms is at least about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39 %, About 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, About 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64 %, About 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, About 77%, About 78%, About 79%, About 80%, About 81%, About 82%, About 83%, About 84%, About 85%, About 86%, About 87%, About 88%, About 89 %, About 90% or more.

Kit

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising a nanoparticle composition antigen according to the present invention. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical pack or kit comprises a formulation or pharmaceutical composition containing nanoparticle composition in one or more containers optionally filled with one or more additional ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical pack or kit comprises additional approved therapeutic agents (eg, benzoyl peroxide for treating acne; aluminum compounds for treating hyperhidrosis; etc.) for use in combination therapy. Such containers optionally contain governmental regulatory notices governing the manufacture, use, or sale of pharmaceutical products, which reflect the approval of the agency for the manufacture, use, or sale for administration to humans.

Kits are provided that contain a therapeutic agent. By way of non-limiting example, nanoparticle compositions are provided in topical formulations and administered as therapeutic agents. Acne, hyperhidrosis, nausea, hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, hair loss, actinic keratosis, psoriasis, eczema dermatitis (eg, atopic dermatitis, etc.), excessive sebum-producing disorders (eg, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.), Raynaud phenomenon, Lupus erythematosus, pigmentation abnormalities (eg, blemishes, etc.), pigment deficiency abnormalities (eg, alum, etc.), skin cancers (eg, skin squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma, etc.) and / or skin infections (eg, Pharmaceutical dosage or instructions for administration to an individual suffering from or at risk of suffering from an abnormality or disorder related to the dermal level of the skin, including but not limited to fungal infections, herpes simplex virus infections, human papilloma virus infections, etc. May be provided in the kit.

In some embodiments, the kit comprises (i) a nanoparticle composition; (ii) at least one pharmacologically acceptable excipient; And optionally (iii) at least one syringe, spatula, swab for administration to the skin.

The following representative examples are intended to aid the description of the present invention, but are not intended to and should not be construed as limiting the scope thereof. In addition, in addition to those described and shown herein, various modifications and embodiments thereof may be apparent to those skilled in the art from all of the content of this document, including the following examples, with reference to the scientific and patent literature described herein. . The following examples include information, examples, and guidelines, which may be employed in practicing the invention.

Concrete example

The following examples are provided only to illustrate certain embodiments contemplated by the present invention. The following examples are not intended to be limiting in any way.

Example  One: Botulinum Nano Emulsion  Formulation

This example provides structural examples of nanoemulsions comprising botulinum toxin (eg, botulinum toxin type A, complex or separated forms) by microfluidization.

The preparation for the microfluidic process consisted of:

1. 5 g soy oil and 5 g Tween 80 are mixed and heated as needed (usually not required) to make the mixture oily.

2. Add 100 Units of botulinum toxin type A to 100 mL of deionized / distilled water and stir until evenly mixed.

3. Add the preparation of step 1 to the preparation of step 2 and stir until evenly mixed.

4. The preparation is homogenized for 1 minute (see Table 1 and the resulting particle distribution in FIG. 1).

5. At 21,000 psi, single pass microfluidization procedures were performed using the Mircofluidizer® Processor.

The resulting nanoemulsions were evaluated using a Malvern Nano S particle classifier capable of classifying particles in the range of about 0.6 nm and 6,000 nm. The botulinum nanoemulsion formulation had two particle size peaks with an average particle size of about 95 nm (Table 2 and FIG. 2).

Particle Size Distribution of Homogenized Botulinum Microemulsions Diameter (nm) burglar% Width (nm) Z-Average: 3391 Peak 1 1512 100 76.6 PDI: 0.341 Peak 2 0 0 0 Intercept: 0.5852 Peak 3 0 0 0

Particle Size Distribution of Microfluidized Botulinum Nanoemulsion Diameter (nm) burglar% Width (nm) Z-Average: 95.33 Peak 1 134.2 76.49 31.03 PDI: 0.252 Peak 2 44.97 23.51 6.34 Intercept: 0.9659 Peak 3 0 0 0

Example  2: Transdermal Botulinum  toxin Of nanoemulsion  Muscle relaxation effect

This example illustrates the therapeutic effect of a botulinum nanoemulsion provided for transdermal (eg, nanoemulsions containing botulinum toxin type A).

Botulinum nanoemulsions prepared by a method similar to Example 1 (e.g., co-pending US patent application USSN 11 / 607,436, "Botulinum nanoemulsion, filed Dec. 1, 2006; incorporated herein by reference) (9.9 U / 100 μl) was topically administered to the hind limb gastrocnemius muscle of 10 Swiss Webster female mice. Ten control Swiss Webster female mice received the same prepared nanoemulations except that the botulinum toxin was missing. For 11 days after treatment, the effect of local muscle weakness was measured using the Toe Abduction Record Analysis (DAS) ( Aoki , 1999 ). DAS values were assigned as follows: (0) flat feet, toes straightened with control legs; (1) flat foot, difference in toe abduction width or touch of the two toes and the rest fully stretched as compared to the control leg; (2) flat feet, slight space open at the end of every toe or three toes touch; (3) popping five toes if the feet are flat; If your feet are bent with your toes; (4) curved foot, touch all five toes. DAS values of 1-2 were observed in the botulinum toxin nanoemulsion treated group but not in the control group, and the DAS of the control group was zero. Skin exacerbations (eg irritation, redness, etc.) were not observed at any time after treatment. In the data, botulinum toxin nanoemulsions are biologically active upon transdermal administration in a manner similar to conventionally administered botulinum toxin injections.

Example  3: wrinkles Mitigating  To human Botulinum   Administration of Nanoparticle Compositions

Topical botulinum nanoemulsions were prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 and administered to people with deep forehead wrinkles to determine whether they were effective in relaxing the muscles of these foreheaded foreheads (expected by botulinum injection into these muscles). In the same way as).

Way

Botulinum nanoemulsions were made using similar steps as in Example 1 (eg, co-pending U.S. patent application U.S. S.N. 11 / 607,436, “Botulinum Nanoemulsion,” filed Dec. 1, 2006; incorporated herein by reference).

Nanoemulsion was added to an equal amount of skin cream (Base PCCA Vanishing Cream Light) and vortexed into a uniform cream.

Patients with deep wrinkles on the forehead that exhibited excessive activity of the frontal muscle were selected for treatment. This patient has never been treated with botulinum or transdermal filler products. This patient was evaluated prior to treatment by a certified plastic surgeon using a 4-point wrinkle rating; "1" means "no wrinkle"; "4" refers to serious wrinkles. This rating was assessed in an attempt to create maximum wrinkles on the forehead by contracting the frontal muscles in an effort to maximize the rest of the patient's face and eyebrows (“maximum eyebrow raising”).

 The patient received a grade 4 at rest and a maximum 4 eyebrow lift. The patient showed excellent mobility that could constrict the frontal muscles. Digital SLR cameras as well as digital video were used to take pictures of the patient at rest and to raise the eyebrows as much as possible (FIG. 3A, raising the eyebrows as much as possible before treatment).

The patient was asked not to use any facial make-up or sun-screen on the day of treatment and to have their face washed before coming to Ivory Soap. 0.6 cc of nanoemulsion cream (prepared as described in Example 1) was applied to the forehead of the patient along the frontal muscle distribution with the help of a plastic surgeon. The cream is applied to the patient's forehead using a pipette and rubbed into the skin with the doctor's finger (gloveed) until the cream is invisible to the doctor's eye. Patients were observed in the hospital for 3 hours. The patient was instructed not to touch already for 12 hours, and then washed with Ivory Soap and water. Patients were then observed at follow-up at 1 day and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the follow-up visit, the physician assessed the patient's wrinkles at rest and maximally raising the eyebrows. The physician repeated the standardized digital still pictures and videos.

result

By the first week after treatment, the patient was unable to contract the forehead muscles, as confirmed by not raising the eyebrows in the requested maximum eyebrow lift attempt (FIG. 3B). The patient's wrinkle rating was 2 at rest and 2 at maximum eyebrow lift attempt. In the physician's clinical evaluation, treatment resulted in complete paralysis of the treated muscles, equivalent to treatment in other patients using botulinum toxin injection at similar treatment sites. At 8 weeks, the patient recovered slightly from eyebrow motility, but by 12 weeks the severe reduction in eyebrow motility persisted.

The patient was able to move other facial muscles in the untreated skin area and no side effects were observed (including by plastic surgeon), including no change in skin immediately after treatment or at the follow-up visit. Similarly, the patient said that there were no side effects on the skin at any time after treatment, including any stools (eg, irritation, redness, etc.).

conclusion

In summary, in this experiment, topical botulinum nanoemulsion formulations were evaluated to have significant and clinical effects comparable to the clinical effects predicted after standard treatment (simple salt solution) of injected botulinum toxin ( By a plastic surgeon).

Example  4: for the treatment of hyperhidrosis Botulinum   Nanoparticle Composition

As already discussed, botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX®) was FDA approved in 2004 for severe axillary sweating (eg, primary axillary hyperhidrosis). Small amounts of purified botulinum toxin injected into the armpits temporarily block nerves that stimulate sweating. Side effects include injection-site pain and influenza-like symptoms. BOTOX®, which is used for palm sweating, can cause weak, temporary, weak and intense pain during and after injection.

The present invention provides for elected botulinum toxin therapy for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Moreover, undesirable clinical effects associated with transdermal delivery (eg, one or more systemic side effects, damage to underlying nerve tissue [eg, nerve palsy], undesirable effects on muscle [eg, muscle paralysis], undesirable blood levels) In the effective and efficient transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, without the influenza-like symptoms, etc.), the present invention is as described herein and / or described in US patent application Ser. No. 11 / 607,436 ("Botulinium nanoemulsion, Explain that appropriate treatment of botulinum toxin nanoparticle compositions with sweat or other disorders or abnormalities associated with sweat or sebaceous glands (eg, acne, nausea, embarrassment, etc.), as described in "December 1, 2006" (For example, Example 5). Moreover, the data presented here illustrate the effective and efficient delivery of botulinum toxin to the dermis (having sweat and sebaceous glands). Accordingly, the present invention is directed to defects associated with or related to the dermis, as described herein and / or as described in US Patent Application 11 / 607,436 ("Botulinium Nanoemulsion," filed December 1, 2006). The utility of botulinum nanoparticle compositions in treating other disorders and conditions associated therewith is described. For example, in Example 6 the use of botulinum nanoparticle compositions in the treatment of hot flashes is described.

Materials and methods

Botulinum  Toxin Nanoparticle Composition

Nanoemulsion containing botulinum toxin type A (Example 1 or co-pending US patent application USSN 11 / 607,436, “Botulinium nanoemulsion,” as described in the submission dated Dec. 1, 2006) is the same as described in this example. Likewise used to treat hyperhidrosis.

Screening of Individuals

The criteria are as follows: a) diagnosed with primary axillary hyperhidrosis; b) hyperhidrosis disease severity rating ("HDSS") 3 or 4; And c) 50 mg sweat excretion from the armpits as measured by gravimetric measurement.

Experimental Plan

As in the previous example, three subjects were topically treated with the approved botulinum drug 80 U formulated in the nanoparticle composition.

Course of treatment

The clinical investigator wiped each armpit of the subject with alcohol, followed by cotton gauze and dried. The topical treatment was massaged into the axillary skin within the distribution of the armpit glands using latex-gloveed fingers. The procedure is complete when no topical treatment is visible on the skin surface. This procedure was used for the left and right armpits.

Study period

Subjects who received drug treatment were evaluated before treatment (week 0) and two weeks after treatment.

Study visit

During the first visit and the two week follow-up visit, subjects were provided with a hyperhidrosis disease severity rating questionnaire (“HDSS question”). This questionnaire has a four-point rating, with grade 1 being the least severe sweating and 4 being the most severe sweating. The sweat production of each armpit was measured using the sweat test as follows, with each individual in the room controlled by a relatively constant temperature and humidity. a) the subject sits with his arms comfortably above his head and in an inclined position halfway backward with his armpit fully exposed; b) the armpits are gently wiped with cotton gauze to dry; c) using tweezers, place a piece of filter paper (90 mm diameter) on a weighing scale up to 0.01 mg and record the weight of the paper; d) place the filter paper weighed again using tweezers under the armpits, cover with a plastic bag, secure the edge of the bag with hypoallergenic tape to the subject's skin, and seal around the bag; And e) After 5 minutes, gently remove the tape to separate the bag from the individual, then remove the filter paper directly from the armpits using tweezers, place it on the balance and reweigh.

Finally, the Starch-Iodine Test was conducted, with the subject sitting with his arms relaxed on his head and in a half-leaned position with his armpits fully exposed; a) the armpits are wiped with cotton gauze and dried; (b) apply a povidin solution to the armpits with a cotton swab to form a thin coat, leaving it to dry; (c) spraying starch powder on the povidin coated site; (d) rest for 10 minutes in this position; And (e) the armpit picture was taken about one step away from the frame with a minimal background.

result

Weight sweat test ( gravimetric Sweat Test )

Basic sweat production level

Three individuals gave an average basis weight sweat of 368 mg for 5 minutes as described below (participation criteria was 50 mg or more).

Sweat production measured by weight at 80 Unit / Axilla dosage 2 weeks Object # 1 71% Object # 2 71% Object # 3 68%

HDSS  evaluation

HDSS reduction at 80 Unit / Axilla doses 2 weeks Object # 1 2.0 points Object # 2 2.0 points Object # 3 1.0 points

Minor  Starch-iodine test

In general, as reflected in the Minor starch-iodine test, subjects had reduced sweating in the axilla area except for break-through spots (dark spots). In FIG. 4A, the subject before the treatment is described in which the dark skin area and the sweat show a lot of sweating even at rest; 4B shows that after 2 weeks of treatment, subjects had significantly reduced sweating at rest as described in the dark dense areas of the skin.

debate

In the study of three individuals in the study, the botulinum nanoparticle composition is believed to be effective in treating hyperhidrosis without any undesirable effects. In particular, the results showed an effect as assessed by sweat measurement, HDSS assessment and Minor starch iodine tester measured by weight. In three studies, the reduction in sweat measurement, measured by mean maximum weight, at 80 Units / axilla treatment was 70% at 2 weeks. In comparison, injected botulinum toxin (50 Units / axilla) obtained an average 83% response rate in significant placebo-controlled trials ( Naumann , 2001 ). In addition, for comparison, the placebo rate in the published control study was on average 15% -25% reduction. The initial response observed here far exceeded the expected placebo rate, thus accounting for the actual treatment response. According to clinical observations and subject questionnaires, none of the subjects had any side effects, including muscle weakness and influenza-like symptoms.

The sweat test measured by weight explains the substantial objective reduction in sweat production, with some individuals having some central part of the sweat gland distribution “breaking through” sweating as reflected in the Minor starch iodine test. In comparison, this same phenomenon is observed in standard botulinum injection treatments; Often the first treatment does not adequately treat all glands and requires a second intensive treatment. Various individual responses—assessed by HDSS—appear to be controlled by the extent of individual breakthrough sweat glands. Some semi-titrated glands can affect the subjective feeling individually, despite a substantial overall decrease in sweating.

In this example, the patient was given 80 U of botulinum toxin per dose per armpit, the nanoparticle composition comprising the dose being provided to the surface area sited between 30 cm 2 and 40 cm 2 (orbital periphery ["crow's feet"). Compared to approximately 4 cm 2 surface for the treatment of subcutaneous muscle structures that cause wrinkles).

In summary, the results of this study suggest that the response rate of topical botulinum treatment is promising when compared to injectable treatment or placebo and considering their own condition.

Moreover, the results of this study demonstrate the effective and efficient delivery of botulinum toxin to the skin area, including the sebaceous glands, using the nanoparticle composition of the invention. The surprising ability to significantly reduce sweating without undesirable side effects makes the technique available for other pre-systemic disorders and body abnormalities. For example, these results will explain the usefulness of botulinum toxin in nanoparticle compositions according to the invention in disorders or conditions such as acne, itch, and / or embarrassment. Moreover, these results demonstrate the effective transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin to the dermis using nanoparticle compositions and the effects of such compositions on the treatment of disorders or conditions of the dermis, such as hot flashes.

Example  5: acne treatment Botulinum  Nanoparticle Composition

Materials and methods

Screening

Inclusion criteria include acne diagnosis.

Experimental Plan

Predetermined numbers of individuals (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or more) are prepared from botulinum-containing preparations similar to the previous examples. I received topical treatment. There is no significant adverse effect with the starting treatment dose (eg, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, or 100 Units) at a preset endpoint (eg 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks after treatment). If not observed, the second, different population of similar size to the first group will have a higher dose of botulinum (eg, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 100, 120, 125, 150) of a formulation similar to the previous example. Receive topical treatment containing 160, 175, 200, 240, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, or 1,000 Units). If no significant side effects were observed in the second subject group, the third subject group on a similar scale would have a higher dose of botulinum (eg, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 100, 120, 125, 150, 160, 175, 200, 240, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, or 1,000 Units).

Course of treatment

Clinical investigators clean the area with acne with alcohol and dry with cotton gauze. Use a finger in latex gloves to massage the topical treatment on your skin. This process is completed when no topical treatment is visible on the surface of the skin.

Study period

Subjects were evaluated before treatment (week 0) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment.

Study visit

During the first and follow-up visits, researchers examined open acne seeds in the treatment area, closed comedomes, swelling lesions, papules, pustules, and erythematous lesions. erythema and cysts were counted.

result

Following treatment with at least one dose level selected in the study, the number of open acne seeds, closed acne seeds, swelling lesions, small bumps, pustules, erythematous lesions, and cysts compared to pretreatment levels in the measurement, follow At least one of the industry visitors showed significant improvement in the treatment area.

Based on the findings, investigators conclude that topical botulinum treatment according to the present invention is effective in treating acne.

Example 6: Botulinum nanoparticle composition for facial flushing .

Materials and methods

Screening

Inclusion criteria include hot flashes diagnosis.

Experimental Plan

Predetermined numbers of individuals (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or more) are similar to the previous examples of botulinum-containing preparations. I received topical treatment. There is no significant adverse effect with the starting treatment dose (eg, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, or 100 Units) at a preset endpoint (eg 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks after treatment). If not observed, the second, different population of similar size to the first group will have a higher dose of botulinum (eg, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 100, 120, 125, 150) of a formulation similar to the previous example. Receive topical treatment containing 160, 175, 200, 240, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, or 1,000 Units). If no significant side effects were observed in the second subject group, the third subject group on a similar scale would have a higher dose of botulinum (eg, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 100, 120, 125, 150, 160, 175, 200, 240, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, or 1,000 Units).

Course of treatment

Clinical investigators clean the area with acne with alcohol and dry with cotton gauze. Use a finger in latex gloves to massage the topical treatment on your skin. This process is completed when no topical treatment is visible on the surface of the skin.

Study period

Subjects were evaluated before treatment (week 0) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment.

Study visit

During the first and follow-up visits, investigators assess the treatment portion by an Investigator Global Assessment (eg, Grade 7, 0 = Clean, 1 = Minimum, 2 = Weak to Medium, 4 = Medium, 5 = medium to severe, 6 = severe); Subject Global Self-Assessment (eg, no change from 9 grade 100% exacerbation to 100% improvement in 25% increments); And erythema intensity and peripheral vascular dilatation intensity (eg, grade 4, 1 = none, 2 = weak, 3 = medium, and 4 = severe).

result

In treatment with one or more of the botulinum intensities applied in the study, in at least some of the investigator's overall assessment, individual overall self assessment, erythema intensity, or peripheral vasodilation intensity, at least one of the visits to the follow-up visit, when compared to the pretreatment site, It seems to be a significant improvement.

Based on the findings, investigators conclude that topical botulinum treatment according to the present invention is effective for the treatment of hot flashes.

Example  7: Clindamycin nanoparticle composition for acne treatment

Materials and methods

Screening

Inclusion criteria include acne diagnosis.

Experimental Plan

Predetermined numbers of individuals (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or more) are similar clindamycin-containing preparations to the previous examples. I received topical treatment. Starting treatment dose (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8 at a preset endpoint (eg 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks after treatment) %, 0.9%, or 1.0% treatment (provided once, twice, or three times a day in a pre-determined manner), when no significant side effects are observed, different second populations of similar magnitude to the first Higher doses of clindamycin (eg, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%) of similar formulations as in the previous example, applied in the same peninsula per day as group 1 , 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, or 5%). If no significant side effects were observed in the second subject group, the third subject group of similar size was applied at the same penalties per day as the first group, with a higher dose of clindamycin (eg 0.2%, 0.3) of the formulation similar to the previous example. %, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5%).

Course of treatment

Clean the area with acne with soap and water, dry it, and massage the skin with topical treatments once, twice, or three times a day. This process is completed when no topical treatment is visible on the surface of the skin.

Study period

Subjects were evaluated before treatment (week 0) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment.

Study visit

During the first and following visits, the investigators measured the number of open acne seeds, closed acne seeds, swelling lesions, small bumps, pustules, erythematous lesions, and cysts at the treatment site.

result

Following treatment with at least one dose level selected in the study, the number of open acne seeds, closed acne seeds, swelling lesions, small bumps, pustules, erythematous lesions, and cysts compared to pretreatment levels in the measurement, follow At least one of the industry visitors showed significant improvement in the treatment area.

Based on the findings, investigators conclude that topical clindamycin treatment according to the present invention is effective in treating acne.

Example  8: for hot flashes Azelline  Nanoparticle Composition

Materials and methods

Screening

Inclusion criteria include hot flashes diagnosis.

Experimental Plan

Predetermined numbers of individuals (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or more) include azelaic acid-containing preparations similar to the previous examples Received topical treatment of water. Starting treatment dose (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9) at a preset endpoint (eg 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks after treatment) %, Or 10%) (provided once, twice, or three times a day in a pre-determined manner), when no significant side effects are observed, different second populations of similar magnitude to the first group are compared to the first group. Higher doses of azelaic acid (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%) of similar formulations as in previous examples , 10%, 11%, 12%, 13% 14%, 15%, 20%, 25%). If no significant side effects were observed in the second subject group, the third subject group of similar size was applied at the same penalties per day as the first group, with a higher dose of azelaic acid (eg 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5%).

Course of treatment

Clean the area with acne with soap and water, dry it, and massage the skin with topical treatments once, twice, or three times a day. This process is completed when no topical treatment is visible on the surface of the skin.

Study period

Subjects were evaluated before treatment (week 0) and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment.

Study visit

During the first and follow-up visits, investigators assess the treatment part of the nose by an Investigator Global Assessment (eg, Grade 7, 0 = clean, 1 = minimum, 2 = weak to medium, 4 = medium, 5 = medium to severe, 6 = serious); Subject Global Self-Assessment (eg, no change from 9 grade 100% exacerbation to 100% improvement in 25% increments); And erythema intensity and peripheral vascular dilatation intensity (eg, grade 4, 1 = none, 2 = weak, 3 = medium, and 4 = severe).

result

At post-treatment follow-up visits with one or more of the selected dose levels, at least in part of the investigator's overall assessment, individual's overall self-assessment, erythema intensity or peripheral vasodilation intensity, at the follow-up visit when the treatment site is compared to the pre-treatment level. At least one seems to be significantly improved.

Based on the findings, the investigators conclude that the topical azelaic acid treatment according to the present invention is effective for the treatment of hot flashes.

Equivalence and scope

The foregoing describes certain non-limiting embodiments in accordance with the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, using routine experimentation, there may be many equivalents to those described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications to the present description can be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the following claims.

In the claims, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” refer to one or more, unless stated otherwise or to the contrary. Claims or descriptions comprising “or” between one or more groups are considered to be present or used in that all elements of one, one or more groups are present unless otherwise stated or contrary. The invention includes embodiments in which the exact one element of the group is present or used in the associated product or process. The invention also includes embodiments in which one or more or all elements of the group are present or used in the associated product or process. Moreover, the invention includes all variations, combinations, and permutations, wherein one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptions, and the like, from one or more claims or related parts of the description, are incorporated into other claims. For example, it will be appreciated that any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same underlying claim. Moreover, in the case where a claim refers to a composition, unless otherwise stated or unless it is apparent that inconsistency or inconsistency arises, methods of using the composition for any purpose described herein, the preparations described herein or in the art It will be appreciated that methods of making the compositions by known methods are also included. In addition, the present invention includes compositions prepared according to any method of making a composition described herein.

If components are listed, for example in Markush format, a subgroup of elements is also included, and any elements may be removed from that group. "Comprising" means open to allow for the inclusion of additional elements or steps. In general, the present invention or when aspects of the invention include or refer to specific elements, features, steps, and the like, it is understood that the specific embodiments or aspects are or consist essentially of such elements, features, steps, and the like. You have to understand. For simplicity, these embodiments are cited herein and are not specifically presented. Thus, for each embodiment that includes one or more elements, features, steps, and the like, the present invention also provides embodiments that constitute or basically constitute these elements, features, steps.

If a range is provided, the endpoint is included. Moreover, unless stated to the contrary, or as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art or not apparent from the context, the values indicated in the ranges may be regarded as any particular value of 1/10 of the lower limit of the ranges specified in the different embodiments. Also, unless stated to the contrary, or as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art or otherwise apparent from the disclosure, the value indicated by the range may be any given subrange, and the subrange endpoint may be expressed as the lower limit 1/10 of the range. have.

In addition, any embodiment may be expressly excluded from one or more claims. Any embodiment, element, feature, application or aspect of the composition and / or method (eg, any transdermal gland disorder, any botulinum toxin, any oil, any surfactant, any dispersion medium, any nanoparticle) Or compositions comprising any nanoparticles, any method of making the nanoparticles, any route or location of administration, any purpose for the composition, etc.) may be excluded from any one or more claims. For the sake of brevity, not all embodiments are expressly provided herein without the exclusion of one or more elements, features, objects or aspects.

Claims (245)

The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of a disorder associated with the dermis of the skin; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Subjects showing at least one symptom of acne are provided; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one symptom of hyperhidrosis; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 50%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 60%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 70%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 75%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 80%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 85%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 90%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 95%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 98%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of about 99%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 50%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 60%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 70%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 75%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 80%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 85%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 90%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 95%. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve at least 98% sweat reduction. The method of claim 3, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered in an amount sufficient to achieve a sweat reduction of at least 99%. The method consists of the following steps:
Providing an individual exhibiting at least one serious injury of liquid odor; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of liquid odor; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of hot flashes; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of hair loss; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of psoriasis; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of skin infection; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of actinic keratosis; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of eczema dermatitis; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of excessive sebum-producing disorders; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying objects exhibiting at least one serious injury of the Raynaud phenomenon; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of erythema lupus; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one I include a therapeutic The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury to pigmentation or greater; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one I include a therapeutic The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one severe injury to pigment deficiency; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of skin cancer; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one I include a therapeutic The method consists of the following steps:
Identifying individuals exhibiting at least one serious injury of skin infection; And
By administering nanoemulsions to the skin of a patient, at least one of the symptoms is reduced, where the nanoemulsion comprises a population of particles, most of the particles ranging from about 10 to about 300 nm in diameter, and the nanoemulsion is at least one It includes a therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is administered to the skin of the patient without serious side effects. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces about 50% of at least one undesirable side effect as compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces at least one undesirable side effect of about 60% compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces about 70% of at least one undesirable side effect as compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces at least one undesirable side effect of about 80% compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces about 90% of at least one undesirable side effect as compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein administration of the nanoemulsion to the patient reduces about 95% of at least one undesirable side effect as compared to injection or oral administration of the same therapeutic agent. The method of any one of claims 40-46, wherein the undesirable side effects are bruises, hematomas, pain, ecchymosis, undesirable systemic effects, undesirable blood levels, Botlio poisoning, damage to lower nervous tissue, nerve paralysis , Selected from the group consisting of undesirable effects on muscles, muscle paralysis, and influenza-like symptoms. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 250 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 150 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 100 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein a majority of the particles have a diameter in the range of about 10 nm to about 50 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particle population is substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 50% of the particles have a diameter greater than 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 10% of the particles have a diameter greater than 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 5% of the particles have a diameter greater than 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 1% of the particles have a diameter greater than 300 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle population is substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 50% of the particles have a diameter greater than 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 10% of the particles have a diameter greater than 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 5% of the particles have a diameter greater than 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 1% of the particles have a diameter greater than 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particle population is substantially free of particles having a diameter in excess of 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 50% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 25% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 10% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 5% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein less than 1% of the particles have a diameter greater than 120 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 600 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 500 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 400 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 300 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference between the minimum particle diameter and the maximum particle diameter does not exceed approximately 50 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 300 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 150 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 100 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 75 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 50 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 100-300 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 50-250 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 60-200 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 65-150 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 70-130 nm. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 80-110 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 90-100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 10-100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 25-100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 50-100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average diameter range of 75-100 nm. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion is substantially free of toxic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises less than 50% toxic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises less than 25% toxic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises less than 10% toxic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises less than 5% toxic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises less than 1% toxic solvent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is stable. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least one day. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least two weeks. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least two months. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least 5 months. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least 12 months. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the majority of the particles are stable for at least 24 months. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to high shear forces. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to high shear forces in less than 10 minutes. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to high shear forces in less than two minutes. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to high shear forces in less than one minute. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to high shear for less than 30 seconds. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 3,000 psi. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 10,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 18,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 24,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 30,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by exposure to a pressure of at least 40,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 3,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of 10,000 psi or greater. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 18,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 21,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 24,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 30,000 psi. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by microfluidization at a pressure of at least 40,000 psi. 126. The method of any one of claims 119-126, wherein the microfluidization method is a single-pass microfluidization method. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is generated by cavitation. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is produced by high pressure homogenization. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is botulinum toxin. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is encapsulated in the particles. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is absorbed on the surface of the particles. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is associated with the grain boundary. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is selected from the group consisting of type A, type B, type C1, type C2, type D, type E, type F, and type G. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is a type A botulinum toxin. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is a botulinum toxin complex. 137. The method of claim 136, wherein the botulinum toxin complex comprises a non-toxic hemagglutinin protein or a non-toxic non-hemagglutinin protein. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is integrated into the albumin matrix. 138. The method of claim 138, wherein the albumin is human albumin. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is not incorporated into the albumin matrix. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is a purified botulinum toxin protein or fragment thereof. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is isolated or substantially isolated from other proteins. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is separated from or substantially separated from the non-toxic protein. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is isolated from Clostridium botulinum . 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is chemically synthesized. 133. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is recombinantly made. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin comprises at least one mutation compared to the wild type toxin. 131. The method of claim 130, wherein the botulinum toxin is a fragment of the wild type-type toxin. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a polypeptide. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a lipid. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a carbohydrate. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a small molecule. The method of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic agent is botulinum toxin type A, botulinum toxin type B, botulinum toxin type C1, botulinum toxin type C2, botulinum toxin type D, botulinum toxin type E, botulinum toxin type F, botulinum Toxin type G, topical fungicides, benzoyl peroxide, triclosan, chlorohexidine gluconate, oral antibiotics, topical antibiotics, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, macrolide antibiotics, penicillin, diclooxaline, ceparexin , Erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, stymycin, muphirosine, hormones, cortisone, topical retinoids, tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, retinol, natural products with anti-acne activity, aloe vera, aruna, halli , Papaya, tea tree oil, azelaic acid, nicotinamide, antiperspirant, aluminum chloride, hydrogen chloride Aluminum, aluminum-zirconium compounds, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex gly, ammonium alum, oral isotretinoin, topical sulferacetaamide, topical sulfur, topical calcineurin inhibitors, Tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, topical permethrin, a complex of plant-source methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and silymarin, aza-steroids, finasterides, dutasterides, minoxidil, anti-androgens, ketoconazole, fluconazole, spironolactone, sawtose Palmetto, Caffeine, Copper Peptides, Nitroxide Spin Label TEMPO and Tempol, Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Hedgehog Antioxidant, Azelaic Acid and Zinc Complex, Chinese Knotweed, Pumpkin Seed, Zinc , Nettle, coal tar, dithranol, a corticosteroid, desoxymethasone, vitamin D3 analogue, calcipotriol, sub Topical psoraren, milk thistle, methotrexate, cyclosporine, thioguanine, hydroxyurea, sulfasalazine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, arefecept with exposure to liver oil, UVA light , Etanercept, infliximab, rituximab, efarizumab, adalimumab, urstekinumab, mixture of topical bacitracin and polymyxin, topical fusidic acid cream, antiviral agent, acyclovir , Famciclovir, germinated cyclovir, trichloroacetic acid, salicylic acid, grapepyrin, cantacour, imiquimod, terbinafine, clotrimazole, econazol, selenium sulfide shampoo, ketoconazole shampoo, itraconazole, 5-fluorouri The method selected from the group consisting of syl, imiquimod, diclofenac, crokdil oil, and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is an antibiotic. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is an antibody. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is benzoyl peroxide. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is isotretinoin. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the therapeutic agent is azelaic acid. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion can penetrate the skin without changing or altering the skin. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion can penetrate the skin without the use of skin penetration enhancers or friction agents. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion can penetrate the upper skin layer without the use of a skin penetration enhancer or friction agent. 162. The method of claim 162, wherein the upper skin layer is the surface of the stratum corneum. 162. The method of claim 162, wherein the upper skin layer comprises dermal pores. 162. The method of claim 162, wherein the upper skin layer comprises dermal glands. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion can penetrate the skin without the use of chemical skin penetration enhancers or friction agents. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion can penetrate the skin without the use of mechanical skin penetration enhancers or friction agents. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles can penetrate the skin without altering or changing the skin. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the particles can penetrate the skin without the use of skin penetration enhancers or friction agents. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the botulinum toxin can penetrate the skin without altering or changing the skin. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the botulinum toxin can penetrate the skin without the use of a skin penetration enhancer or friction agent. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises an oil. 172. The oil of claim 172, wherein the oil is almond, apricot grain, avocado, babasu palm, bergamot, black seaweed, chichi, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, brazilian wax, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, Coconut, Cod Liver, Coffee, Corn, Cotton Seed, Emu, Eucalyptus, Evening Primrose, Fish, Flaxseed, Geraniol, Gourd, Grape Seed, Hazelnut Nut, Hyssop, Isopropyl Myristate, Jojoba, Cucumber Nut, Labandine, Lavender , Lemon, Maychang, Macadamia Nut, Mallow, Mango Seed, Meadow Form Seed, Mink, Nutmeg, Olive, Orange, Orange Rough, Palm, Palm Kernel, Peach Grain, Peanut, Poppy Seed, Pumpkin Seed, Rape Seeds, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sascuana, spice plants, sea buckthorn, sesame seeds, sieverts, silicones, soybeans, sunflowers, tea trees, thistles, tumblers, vetivers, walnuts, malts, 1349 oils, and these of Selected from the group consisting of combinations. 172. The method of claim 172, wherein the oil is soybean oil. 172. The method of claim 172, wherein the oil is a medium-chain triglyceride. 172. The method of claim 172, wherein the oil is 1349 oil. 172. The oil of claim 172, wherein the oil is butyl stearate, capryl triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, Silicone oil, and combinations thereof. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion does not have one or more oils. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises a surfactant. 179. The method of claim 179, wherein the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. 179. The method of claim 179, wherein the surfactant is selected from a group consisting of phosphoglycerides; Phosphatidylcholine; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC); Dioleylphosphidyl ethanolamine (DOPE); Dioleyloxypropyltriethylammonium (DOTMA); Dioleylphosphatidylcholine; cholesterol; Cholesterol esters; Diacylglycerols; Diacylglycerol succinate; Diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG); Hexanedecanol; Fatty alcohols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG); Polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether; Surface active fatty acids such as palmitic acid or oleic acid; Fatty acid; Fatty acid monoglycerides; Fatty acid diglycerides; Fatty acid amides; Sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) glycocholate; Sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20); Polysorbate 20 (TWEEN®20); Polysorbate 60 (TWEEN®60); Polysorbate 65 (TWEEN®65); Polysorbate 80 (TWEEN®80); Polysorbate 85 (TWEEN®85); Super-purified polysorbate 20 (SR TWEEN®20); Super-purified polysorbate 60 (SR TWEEN®60); Super-purified polysorbate 65 (SR TWEEN®65); Super-purified polysorbate 80 (SR TWEEN®80); Super-purified polysorbate 85 (SR TWEEN®85); Polyoxyethylene monostearate; Sulfectin; Poloxomers; Sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan trioleate; lecithin; Lysocithin; Phosphatidylserine; Phosphatidylinositol; Sphingomyelin; Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin); Cardiolipin; Phosphatidic acid; Cerebroside; Dicetyl phosphate; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol; Stearylamine; Dodecylamine; Hexadecyl-amine; Acetyl palmitate; Glycerol ricinoleate; Hexadecyl stearate; Isopropyl myristate; Tiloxapol; Poly (ethylene glycol) 5000-phosphatidylethanolamine; Poly (ethylene glycol) 400-monostearate; Phospholipids; Synthetic and / or natural detergents having high surfactant properties; Deoxycholate; Cyclodextrins; Chaotropic salts; Ion pair materials; And selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof. 179. The method of claim 179, wherein the surfactant is Tween 80. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion does not have one or more surfactants. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises an oil and a surfactant. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil and the surfactant are present at a ratio of 0.5-2.0. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil and the surfactant are present at a ratio of 0.5-1.5. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil and the surfactant are present at a ratio of 0.5-1.0. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil and the surfactant are present in a ratio of 1.0-2.0. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil and the surfactant are present at a ratio of 1.5-2.0. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil percentage in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1% -30%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil percentage in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1% -20%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil percentage in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1% -10%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil percentage in the nanoemulsion is approximately 8%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil percentage in the nanoemulsion is approximately 5%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the percentage of surfactant in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1% -30%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the percentage of surfactant in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1% -20%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the percentage of surfactant in the nanoemulsion is in the range of 1%-10%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the percentage of surfactant in the nanoemulsion is in the range of approximately 8%. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the percentage of surfactant in the nanoemulsion is in the range of about 5%. 185. The oil of claim 184, wherein the oil comprises almonds, apricot kernels, avocados, babasu palm, bergamot, black seaweed, chichi, cade, chamomile, canola, caraway, brazilian wax, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, Coconut, Cod Liver, Coffee, Corn, Cotton Seed, Emu, Eucalyptus, Evening Primrose, Fish, Flaxseed, Geraniol, Gourd, Grape Seed, Hazelnut Nut, Hyssop, Isopropyl Myristate, Jojoba, Cucumber Nut, Labandine, Lavender , Lemon, Maychang, Macadamia Nut, Mallow, Mango Seed, Meadow Form Seed, Mink, Nutmeg, Olive, Orange, Orange Rough, Palm, Palm Kernel, Peach Grain, Peanut, Poppy Seed, Pumpkin Seed, Rape Seeds, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sascuana, spice plants, sea buckthorn, sesame seeds, sieverts, silicones, soybeans, sunflowers, tea trees, thistles, tumblers, vetivers, walnuts, malts, 1349 oils, and these of Selected from the group consisting of combinations. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil is soybean oil. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil is a medium-chain triglyceride. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the oil is 1349 oil. 185. The oil of claim 184, wherein the oil is butyl stearate, capryl triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, Silicone oil, and combinations thereof. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. 184. The method of claim 184, wherein the surfactant is selected from phosphoglycerides; Phosphatidylcholine; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC); Dioleylphosphidyl ethanolamine (DOPE); Dioleyloxypropyltriethylammonium (DOTMA); Dioleylphosphatidylcholine; cholesterol; Cholesterol esters; Diacylglycerols; Diacylglycerol succinate; Diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG); Hexanedecanol; Fatty alcohols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG); Polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether; Surface active fatty acids such as palmitic acid or oleic acid; Fatty acid; Fatty acid monoglycerides; Fatty acid diglycerides; Fatty acid amides; Sorbitan trioleate (Span 85) glycocholate; Sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20); Polysorbate 20 (TWEEN®20); Polysorbate 60 (TWEEN®60); Polysorbate 65 (TWEEN®65); Polysorbate 80 (TWEEN®80); Polysorbate 85 (TWEEN®85); Super-purified polysorbate 20 (SR TWEEN®20); Super-purified polysorbate 60 (SR TWEEN®60); Super-purified polysorbate 65 (SR TWEEN®65); Super-purified polysorbate 80 (SR TWEEN®80); Super-purified polysorbate 85 (SR TWEEN®85); Polyoxyethylene monostearate; Sulfectin; Poloxomers; Sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan trioleate; lecithin; Lysocithin; Phosphatidylserine; Phosphatidylinositol; Sphingomyelin; Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin); Cardiolipin; Phosphatidic acid; Cerebroside; Dicetyl phosphate; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol; Stearylamine; Dodecylamine; Hexadecyl-amine; Acetyl palmitate; Glycerol ricinoleate; Hexadecyl stearate; Isopropyl myristate; Tiloxapol; Poly (ethylene glycol) 5000-phosphatidylethanolamine; Poly (ethylene glycol) 400-monostearate; Phospholipids; Synthetic and / or natural detergents having high surfactant properties; Deoxycholate; Cyclodextrins; Chaotropic salts; Ion pair materials; And selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof. 185. The method of claim 184, wherein the surfactant is TWEEN®80. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises oily particles dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium. 208. The aqueous dispersion medium of claim 208, wherein the aqueous dispersion medium is water, salt solution, phosphate buffered salt, short chain alcohol, 5% dextrose, Ringer solution, lactated Ringer's injection, lactated Ringer + 5% dext. Rose injection, acylated Ringer's injection, Normosol-M, isolite E, and combinations thereof. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the aqueous dispersion medium is water. 205. The oily particles of claim 208, wherein the oily particles are almonds, apricot kernels, avocados, babassu palms, bergamot, black seaweed, chichi, cade, chamomile, canola, caraway, brazilian wax palm, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter , Coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cottonseed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grapeseed, hazelnut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, cucunut, ravandine, Lavender, Lemon, Maychang, Macadamia Nut, Mallow, Mango Seed, Meadowfoam Seed, Mink, Nutmeg, Olive, Orange, Orange Rough, Palm, Palm Kernel, Peach Grain, Peanut, Poppy Seed, Pumpkin Seed, Rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sascuana, chives, sea buckthorn, sesame, sieber, silicone, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tumbler, vetiver, walnut, malt, 1349 oil, andThe method comprising the selected oil from the group consisting of the combination. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the oily particles comprise soybean oil. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the oily particles comprise medium-chain triglycerides. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the oily particles comprise 1349 oil. 213. The oily particle according to claim 208, wherein the oily particles are butyl stearate, capryl triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol , An oil selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, and combinations thereof. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion comprises aqueous particles dispersed in an oily dispersion medium. 216. The aqueous particle of claim 216, wherein the aqueous particles are water, salt solution, phosphate buffered salt, short chain alcohol, 5% dextrose, Ringer solution, lactated Ringer injection, lactated Ringer + 5% dextrose Injection, acylated Ringer's injection, or Normosol-M, an aqueous material selected from the group consisting of isolite E. 216. The method of claim 216, wherein the aqueous particles comprise water. 213. The oily dispersion medium according to claim 216, wherein the oily dispersion medium is almond, apricot kernel, avocado, babassu palm, bergamot, black seaweed, chichi, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, brazilian wax, castor, cinnamon, cocoa Butter, Coconut, Cod Liver, Coffee, Corn, Cottonseed, Emu, Eucalyptus, Evening Primrose, Fish, Flaxseed, Geraniol, Gourd, Grapeseed, Hazelnut Nut, Hyssop, Isopropyl Myristate, Jojoba, Cuckoo Nut, Labandine , Lavender, Lemon, Maychang, Macadamia Nut, Mallow, Mango Seed, Meadowfoam Seed, Mink, Nutmeg, Olive, Orange, Orange Rough, Palm, Palm Kernel, Peach Grain, Peanut, Poppy Seed, Pumpkin Seed , Rapeseed, Rice bran, Rosemary, Safflower, Sandalwood, Sascuana, Spice plants, Sea buckthorn, Sesame seeds, Butter, Silicon, Soybean, Sunflower, Tea tree, Thistle, Tsubaki, Vetiver, Walnut, Malt, 1349 oil, That Method selected from the group consisting of and combinations thereof. 216. The method of claim 216, wherein the oily dispersion medium is soybean oil. 216. The method of claim 216, wherein the oily dispersion medium is medium-chain triglycerides. 216. The method of claim 216, wherein the oily dispersion medium is 1349 oil. 215. The oil of claim 216, wherein the oil is butyl stearate, capryl triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, Silicone oil, and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the nanoemulsion is provided in a pharmaceutical composition comprising the nanoemulsion and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of creams, lotions, smears, gels, ointments, sprays, powders, emollients, aerosols, and combinations thereof. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is a cream. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is a lotion. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is a topical drug. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using an adhesive patch. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using a spatula. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using a cotton swab. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using a needleless syringe. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using gloved fingers. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using bare fingers. 234. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using a deodorant stick. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein the composition is administered transdermally using a device that provides the composition to a target site of the skin without being provided to a non-target site of the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein all botulinum toxins penetrate the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 99% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 95% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 90% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 75% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 50% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 25% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 10% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein at least 1% of the botulinum toxin penetrates the skin.

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