KR20100131927A - Liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to fabricate a liquid crystal display device by setting a broad pre-tilt angle. CONSTITUTION: A first substrate(40) faces a second substrate, and a first alignment film is installed at one side of the first substrate. A second alignment film is installed at one side of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is installed between the first and second substrates.

Description

Liquid Crystal Display and Method for Manufacturing

The present invention relates to an alignment control technique of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display device.

One of the element technologies in the manufacture of liquid crystal display devices is an orientation control technique. As a technique for realizing a relatively high pretilt angle in the past, what is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-95115 is known. However, when using the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 06-95115, a desired pretilt angle of 0 ° to 90 ° is obtained, but the manufacturing process is complicated by using anisotropic dry etching, and at the same time, the processing cost is high. Since many materials (particles, resins, etc.) are required, there is still room for improvement in terms of material costs.

A specific aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel technique capable of setting the pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in a wide range.

A liquid crystal display device of one embodiment according to the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face each other, a first alignment film provided on the one surface side of the first substrate, and the second substrate. And a second alignment layer provided on the one surface side, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment layer has a plurality of micro films, and the plurality of micro films are dispersed and disposed so that the lower layers are exposed between each other. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules near the interface between the first alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer is controlled according to the distribution density of the plurality of microfilms.

In the above liquid crystal display device, by using an alignment film composed of a plurality of micro films, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the interface between the alignment film and the liquid crystal layer can be changed according to the distribution density of the plurality of micro films. For example, when the first alignment film is formed using a so-called vertical alignment film material liquid, the pretilt angle can be increased with increasing density of the microfilm. Here, in the conventional example described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 06-95115, the orientation control was performed by using the projections or the needle-shaped bodies formed in a sharp shape, and by using the shape action by these ( See paragraph 0025, etc. of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-95115). For this reason, it would have been difficult to control the pretilt angle extensively, while having the manufacturing problems as described above. In contrast, the present invention finds that orientation control is possible depending on the density of a plurality of microfilms, and this is embodied as a novel technique. Since many microfilms in this invention utilize the physical property derived from dispersion of an oriented film, it can manufacture by the comparatively simple apparatus and process which are mentioned later.

In the liquid crystal display device, it is also preferable to provide a third alignment layer having different alignment control characteristics from the first alignment layer between the first alignment layer and the one surface of the first substrate. For example, if the first alignment film is a vertical alignment film, a horizontal alignment film is used as the third alignment film.

Thereby, since the lower layer exposed between each of the many fine films which form a 1st alignment film turns into a 3rd alignment film, it is anticipated that the orientation stability of the whole liquid crystal layer will be improved. Moreover, by the combination of a 1st alignment film and a 3rd alignment film, the line inclination angle different from when using a 1st alignment film or a 3rd alignment film independently can be obtained.

In addition, the many microfilm | membrane which comprises a 1st oriented film may contain the thing in the shape in planar view being substantially circular shape or ring shape.

As mentioned above, since this invention uses the physical property derived from the dispersion | distribution of the orientation film of a microfilm, various shapes are accept | permitted as many micro films. Thereby, manufacture becomes easy.

The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes (a) a first step of forming a first alignment layer on one surface of the first substrate, and (b) the first substrate and the second substrate on one surface of each other. And a second step of placing the substrate so as to face each other, and (c) a third step of forming a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. In the first step, (d) the alignment film liquid is discharged into a mist by releasing the alignment film liquid in a state where a potential difference is generated between the alignment film liquid and the first substrate. And a step of spraying, and (e) a step of solidifying the sprayed alignment film liquid.

According to the above production method, for example, by applying a positive potential to the alignment film liquid and a negative potential to the substrate side, the alignment film liquid can be sprayed onto the substrate as a mist of very fine particles. Therefore, the 1st alignment film which consists of many micro films can be formed with the apparatus of a simple structure. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device can be manufactured by setting the pretilt angle extensively.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment.
2 is a principle diagram illustrating an example of a method suitable for formation of an alignment film composed of a plurality of microfilms.
3 is a principle diagram illustrating another example of a method suitable for formation of an alignment film composed of a plurality of fine films.
It is a figure explaining the positional relationship of the injection point of an alignment film liquid, and a board | substrate.
5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment.
6 is a diagram illustrating electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of a liquid crystal display according to a comparative example.
7 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
8 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
9 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a view showing a microscope photograph of the liquid crystal display according to Example 4. FIG.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of this invention is described, referring drawings.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment. The liquid crystal display device 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has a basic configuration in which a liquid crystal layer 19 is interposed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15. The first polarizing plate 21 is disposed outside the first substrate 11, and the second polarizing plate 22 is disposed outside the second substrate 15. Hereinafter, the structure of the liquid crystal display device 1 will be described in more detail. In addition, illustration and description are abbreviate | omitted about members, such as the sealing material which seals the circumference | surroundings of the liquid crystal layer 19. As shown in FIG.

The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15 are, for example, transparent substrates such as glass substrates and plastic substrates. As shown in the drawing, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15 are attached so that one surface thereof faces each other, and a predetermined gap (for example, several micrometers) is formed. In addition, although the illustration of the specific illustration was abbreviate | omitted, switching elements, such as a thin film transistor, may be formed on any board | substrate.

The liquid crystal layer 19 is provided between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15. In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 19 is formed by using a liquid crystal material having a dielectric constant anisotropy Δε of positive (Δε> 0). The thick line shown in the liquid crystal layer 19 schematically shows the orientation orientation of liquid crystal molecules in an initial state in which no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 19. The liquid crystal layer 19 is, for example, in a constant initial alignment state to which a relatively high pretilt angle is given as shown.

The first electrode 12 is provided on one surface side of the first substrate 11. In addition, the second electrode 16 is provided on one surface side of the second substrate 15. The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 16 are each configured by appropriately patterning a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide (ITO), for example.

The alignment film 13 is provided to cover the first electrode 12 on one side of the first substrate 11. The alignment film 17 is provided on one surface side of the second substrate 15 so as to cover the second electrode 16. As these alignment films 13 and 17, those having the property of regulating the alignment state (initial alignment state) when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 19 to the horizontal alignment state (so-called horizontal alignment film) are used.

The alignment film 14 is provided on one surface side (on one surface of the alignment film 13) of the first substrate 11. In addition, the alignment film 18 is provided on one surface side (on one surface of the alignment film 17) of the second substrate 15. As these alignment films 14 and 18, those having the property of regulating the initial alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 19 to the vertical alignment state (so-called vertical alignment layers) are used. Here, the alignment films 14 and 18 in this embodiment are aggregates in which a plurality of microfilmes of irregular, substantially circular (near circular) or annular shapes are dispersed and arranged. As shown, the alignment film 14 is fixed to partially cover the alignment film 13 below it. That is, the alignment layer 13 of the lower layer is partially exposed between the plurality of fine films constituting the alignment layer 14. The same applies to the relationship between the alignment film 17 and the alignment film 18. A method suitable for the formation of such alignment films 14 and 18 will be described in detail next.

FIG. 2 is a principle diagram illustrating an example of a method suitable for formation of an alignment film composed of a plurality of fine films (fine film pieces). In this embodiment, a microcylinder (cylinder) 50, such as a cylindrical shape, for holding the material liquid of the alignment film (hereinafter referred to as "alignment film liquid") therein, and a hollow provided at one end of the microcylinder 50 By using the injection apparatus provided with the micro needle 51 which is medium, the alignment film which consists of many micro films is formed on a board | substrate. At this time, the conductive film 41 is previously provided on one surface of the substrate 40. The conductive film 41 is, for example, a transparent conductive film such as an indium tin oxide film. As shown in the drawing, the distance L1 between the needle 51 of the injector and the substrate 40 is appropriately secured (for example, about several tens of millimeters). The alignment film solution in the microcylinder 50 is applied to the tip of the needle 51 while applying a high voltage (for example, a direct current voltage of several kV) between the needle 51 and the substrate 40 by using a voltage applying means. To supply. At this time, for example, the needle 51 is set at a potential higher than the substrate 40 (the relationship between the potentials may be reversed). As a result, the alignment film liquid discharged from the needle 51 becomes liquid particles having a positive potential. This dislocation liquid particles are minutely split and spread while being electrically repulsed to form a mist-shaped micro liquid droplet (fog shaped body) 52. The micro liquid droplets 52 are attracted to the negatively charged substrate 40 and fixed on the conductive film 41. Thereafter, the micro-liquid droplets 52 that have reached the substrate 40 are appropriately subjected to heat treatment or the like to form (solidify) films, whereby an alignment film made of a plurality of fine films is obtained. The alignment film 14 and the alignment film 18 described above can be formed by such a method.

In the principle diagram shown in FIG. 2, the conductive film 41 is provided on one surface of the substrate 40, and a voltage is applied between the conductive film 41 and the needle 51. As shown in the figure, a conductive plate (conductor) 53 may be disposed on the back surface side of the substrate 40, and a voltage may be applied between the conductive plate 53 and the needle 51. In this example, there is an advantage that the versatility is high in that electrical connection is not required to one surface of the substrate 40. On the other hand, by providing a mechanism (vacuum adsorption means, etc.) capable of holding a substrate on the conductive plate 53, the conductive plate 53 can be used as a substrate fixing means (substrate folder).

It is a figure explaining the positional relationship of the injection point of an alignment film liquid, and a board | substrate. The injection point of the alignment film liquid is the tip of the needle 51 in the injection device shown in Figs. In the example shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, the tip portion of the needle 51 is disposed at a position facing the horizontal in the horizontal direction with the substrate 40 vertically, but may be arranged differently. For example, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the tip part of the needle 51 can be arrange | positioned in the position relatively higher than the board | substrate 40. FIG. In this case, since the substrate 40 is in a relatively low position, the holding mechanism of the substrate 40 can be made simpler, and therefore, it is expected that the device configuration for forming the alignment film can be further simplified. As shown in FIG. 4B, the tip end portion of the needle 51 may be disposed at a position relatively lower than the substrate 40. In this case, due to the relationship of gravity, the finer particles (smaller particles) among the microliquid droplets 52 emitted from the tip of the needle 51 preferentially reach one surface of the substrate 40. Can be. In other words, each of the plurality of micro films constituting the alignment film can be made smaller and dispersed on the substrate 40.

Next, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment.

First, the first electrode 12 made of ITO or the like is formed on one surface of the first substrate 11 (see FIG. 5A). For example, a transparent conductive film is formed on one surface of the first substrate 11 by using a film formation method such as a sputtering method. You may use the board | substrate with which such a transparent conductive film was formed previously. The transparent conductive film is washed to form a first electrode 12 having a desired shape using a general patterning method (for example, photolithography). As the first substrate 11, for example, a glass substrate made of alkali-free glass having a plate thickness of 0.7 mm can be used. In addition, the film thickness of the 1st electrode 12 can be about 1500 kPa, for example.

Subsequently, an alignment film 13 is formed on the first substrate 11 to cover the first electrode 12 (FIG. 5A). Specifically, the alignment film liquid as a precursor of the alignment film 13 is applied on one surface of the first substrate 11 by a method such as flexo printing or inkjet printing. Here, the general alignment film liquid (alignment film material) for horizontal alignment films as shown by following General formula (1) can be used. Thereafter, heat treatment (for example, 250 ° C., 1 hour) and rubbing treatment (or photo alignment treatment) are performed on the first substrate 11 to obtain an alignment film 13 that is a horizontal alignment film. In addition, you may perform surface treatment, such as a rubbing process, after the orientation film 14 mentioned later is formed.

Subsequently, the alignment film 14 is formed on one surface of the first substrate 11 (on one surface of the alignment film 13). Specifically, the alignment film liquid as a precursor of the alignment film 14 is sprayed onto one surface of the alignment film 13 by the method described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. Here, the general alignment film liquid for vertical alignment films as shown by following formula (2) can be used. In order to generate the microdroplets 52 in a better state, it is preferable that the viscosity of the alignment film liquid is low, so in this embodiment, the alignment film liquid diluted to 4 wt% with thinner is diluted twice with acetone. (Dilution aligning film liquid: acetone = 1: 1). This diluted alignment film liquid is filled into the microcylinder 50 of the injector. In addition, the distance L1 (see FIG. 2) between the needle 51 and the first substrate 11 is 60 mm. In addition, the DC voltage applied between the needle 51 and the first substrate 11 is set to 7 kV. The discharge amount of the alignment film liquid from the needle 51 is 36 picoliters / second. After that, the heat treatment (for example, 190 ° C., 1 hour) is performed on the first substrate 11, whereby the alignment film liquid is solidified (film formation), thereby obtaining the alignment film 14.

On the other hand, the solvent for dilution is not limited to acetone, You may use other organic solvents, such as ethanol and IPA (isopropyl alcohol). Specifically, it is preferable that the boiling point is low and the volatility is high. While the alignment film solution flows from the needle 51 toward the first substrate 11, the alignment film solution becomes a micro-liquid droplet 52, which is a collection of fine droplets, by which time the acetone reaches the first substrate 11. Diluent solvents such as this will almost evaporate. Therefore, whatever solvent is used for dilution here will not have a big influence on the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 19.

In addition, an alignment film 17 is formed on one surface of the second substrate 15, and an alignment film 18 is further formed on one surface of the alignment film 17 (see FIG. 5C). Details of each are the same as those of the alignment layers 13 and 14, and thus description thereof is omitted here.

Next, the 1st board | substrate 11 and the 2nd board | substrate 15 are arrange | positioned so that the one surface may face each other (refer FIG. 5 (d)). For example, in this embodiment, in order to keep the gap (cell gap) between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15 constant, one surface of the first substrate 11 (for example, one surface of the first substrate 11). Dry spray the gap regulator on the top). As the gap regulator, a plastic ball having a particle diameter of several μm or the like can be used. In addition, a sealant is formed on the other substrate surface (for example, on one surface of the second substrate 15). The formation of the sealant is made by screen printing, for example. You may use a dispenser. As the sealant, any one can be used, such as thermosetting, photocurable, or photothermal coexistence type. The sealing agent may contain several% of glass fiber of several micrometers in particle size. Then, the 1st board | substrate 11 and the 2nd board | substrate 15 are piled up, and the sealing agent is hardened by heat processing etc. in the pressed state. Here, thermosetting is performed by hot pressing (150 ° C firing). In the present embodiment, as shown in the drawing, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15 are attached so that the rubbing direction with respect to each of the alignment films 13 and 16 is in an antiparallel state.

Subsequently, the liquid crystal layer 19 is formed between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15 by injecting a liquid crystal material by, for example, a vacuum injection method (see FIG. 5D). The injection hole of the liquid crystal material is sealed by an end sealant. Moreover, in order to arrange the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 19, it is also preferable to perform a treatment (for example, 60 ° C. for 30 minutes) of heating the cell above the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal material.

Thereafter, the cell washing process is appropriately performed, the first polarizing plate 21 is adhered to the outside of the first substrate 11, and the second polarizing plate 22 is adhered to the outside of the second substrate 15. Then, the liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is completed.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be described. On the other hand, as a comparative example, a liquid crystal display device in a general horizontal alignment state will be described together.

(Comparative Example)

6 is a diagram illustrating electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of a liquid crystal display according to a comparative example. This comparative example is produced by omitting the alignment film 14 and the alignment film 18 in the above-described embodiment. 5CB was used as the liquid crystal material for forming the liquid crystal layer 19. The cell thickness (distance of the gap between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 15) was 5.7 µm. Other manufacturing conditions are subject to the conditions exemplified in the above embodiment. 6 (b) and 6 (c), the micrographs show that the liquid crystal cell of the comparative example is in a uniform alignment state seen in a general horizontal alignment. In addition, it can be seen from the electro-optical characteristics shown in FIG. 6A that the saturation voltage of this liquid crystal cell is about 8.5V. Moreover, it was about 3 degrees when the pretilt angle of this liquid crystal cell was measured by the crystal rotation method. This pretilt angle was measured at nine points in the range of 20 mm x 25 mm (also in each of the examples below).

(Example 1)

7 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment. Also in this Example 1, 5 CB was used as the liquid crystal material for forming the liquid crystal layer 19. The cell thickness was 6.0 micrometers. In addition, when forming each of the alignment film 14 and the alignment film 18, 3 microliters of alignment film liquids as a precursor of each alignment film 14 and 18 were sprinkled. Other manufacturing conditions follow the conditions exemplified in the above embodiment. As shown in the micrographs in FIGS. 7B to 7D, it can be seen that the alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules are partially different. It is thought that the part in which this orientation state differs is formed corresponding to the orientation film 14 or the orientation film 18. The size of this part is about several micrometers or less, and fine parts of 1 micrometer or less are also seen. In addition, it turns out that the shape of this part is amorphous (a shape near to circular shape). In addition, it can be seen from the electro-optical characteristics shown in FIG. 7A that the saturation voltage of this liquid crystal cell is about 8.0V. Moreover, when the pretilt angle of this liquid crystal cell was measured by the crystal rotation method (extrapolation), it was the range of about 13.5 degrees-14.1 degrees. In other words, it can be seen that a relatively high pretilt angle is given.

(Example 2)

8 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment. Also in this Example 2, 5 CB was used as the liquid crystal material for forming the liquid crystal layer 19. The cell thickness was 6.0 micrometers. In addition, when forming each of the alignment film 14 and the alignment film 18, 15 microliters of alignment film liquids as a precursor of each alignment film 14 and 18 were sprinkled. Other manufacturing conditions follow the conditions exemplified in the above embodiment. As shown in the micrographs in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules are also partially different in the liquid crystal cell of Example 2, which is thought to be due to the alignment films 14 and 18. Moreover, it turns out that the density of this part became high as the spreading amount of the alignment film liquid increased. In addition, the shape of this part is amorphous, and it becomes a more complicated shape than a circular shape. In addition, it can be seen that the size of the portion is also larger than in Example 1. From the electro-optical characteristics shown in Fig. 8A, it can be seen that the saturation voltage of this liquid crystal cell is about 6.0V. Moreover, when the pretilt angle of this liquid crystal cell was measured by the crystal rotation method (extrapolation method), it was the range of about 19.5 degrees-22.4 degrees. That is, it became clear that the density of a microfilm | membrane was increased by increasing the application | coating amount of an alignment film liquid, and thereby, the pretilt angle can be controlled higher.

(Example 3)

9 is a view showing electro-optical characteristics and a micrograph of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment. Also in this Example 3, 5 CB was used as a liquid crystal material for forming the liquid crystal layer 19. FIG. The cell thickness was 6.0 micrometers. In addition, when forming each of the alignment film 14 and the alignment film 18, 45 microliters of alignment film liquids as a precursor of each alignment film 14 and 18 were sprinkled. Other manufacturing conditions follow the conditions exemplified in the above embodiment. As shown in the micrographs in FIGS. 9B and 9C, the alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules are also partially different in the liquid crystal cell of Example 3, which is thought to be due to the alignment films 14 and 18. Moreover, it turns out that the density of this part became high as the spreading amount of the alignment film liquid increased. In addition, the shape of this part is amorphous, and it becomes a more complicated shape than a circular shape. In addition, it can be seen that the size of the portion is also larger than in Example 1. Moreover, there are parts that appear partially black, which are considered to be in the vertical alignment or near vertical alignment. It is thought that the microfilm | membrane which comprises the oriented films 14 and 18 is formed in the surface of each of the 1st board | substrate 11 and the 2nd board | substrate 15 corresponding to this part. From the electro-optical characteristics shown in Fig. 9A, it can be seen that the saturation voltage of this liquid crystal cell is about 5.0V. Moreover, when the pretilt angle of this liquid crystal cell was measured by the crystal rotation method (extrapolation method), it was the range of about 37.2 degrees-42.9 degrees. That is, it became clear that the density of the microfilm can be further increased by increasing the spraying amount of the alignment film liquid, whereby the pretilt angle can be controlled higher.

(Example 4)

As Example 4, the Example which spread | dispersed a vertical alignment film only to one board | substrate side is demonstrated. Specifically, in the above-described embodiment, the alignment film 13 and the alignment film 14 are formed on the first substrate 11 side, only the alignment film 17 is formed on the second substrate 15 side, and the alignment film 18 is formed. A liquid crystal display device was omitted. FIG. 10 is a view showing a microscope photograph of the liquid crystal display according to Example 4. FIG. 10A is a polarization microscope picture enlarged by 20 times, and FIG. 10B is a polarization microscope picture enlarged by 50 times. The part which looks white in each photograph corresponds to the micro film | membrane which comprises the oriented film 14. As shown in FIG. It turns out that the shape of this part is circular or the shape which combined circular form. Moreover, the donut shape (ring shape) is also seen. The size of the part is various, and from the submicron order (some may be 0.1 micrometer or less), the big thing is about 10 micrometers, and at most about 30 micrometers. In the manufacture of the liquid crystal cell, since a relatively simple device is used, the particle diameter of the micro-liquid droplets 52 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is large, and using a higher precision device can suppress the particle diameter variation. . In addition, the size of the particle diameter may be several nm to several tens by appropriately setting manufacturing parameters such as the distance between the needle of the injector and the substrate, the value of the voltage applied between the two, the shape and size of the needle, the discharge amount of the alignment film liquid, and the discharge speed. Up to nm order can be controlled. However, considering the resolution ability of the human eye (generally about 100 µm), it is considered that there is a low possibility that the microfilm forming the alignment film 14 (or the alignment film 18) is not so small. In addition, the liquid crystal molecules have a property that they are arranged in order, and even when there is a fine orientation distribution, the liquid crystal molecules gradually change so as not to cause an abrupt change in orientation as a whole. If the orientation distribution is too fine, the influence of the orientation distribution on the surface may not affect the overall liquid crystal alignment very much, and each microfilm constituting the alignment film 14 or the like may not be too fine. That is, it is thought that it is not necessary to use too high precision thing as an injection device of alignment film liquid.

According to the above embodiment, by using the alignment film which consists of many micro films, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule in the vicinity of the interface of this alignment film and a liquid crystal layer can be set extensively. In addition, the pretilt angle can be changed according to the distribution density of the plurality of microfilms. Moreover, the alignment film which consists of many micro films can be formed with the apparatus of a comparatively simple structure. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device can be manufactured by setting the pretilt angle extensively. As a result, a liquid crystal display device using a display mode requiring a relatively high pretilt angle such as an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode or a completely new mode can be easily realized.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the content of the above-mentioned Example, It can variously deform and implement within the range of the summary of this invention. For example, numerical values, such as manufacturing conditions suitably shown by the Example mentioned above, are an example and are not limited to that. For example, in the above-described embodiment, two different alignment films (a vertical alignment film composed of a horizontal alignment film and a plurality of fine films) are provided for each of the first substrate and the second substrate. May be installed. In the above-described embodiment, the vertical alignment film composed of a plurality of fine films is superimposed on the horizontal alignment film, but this may be reversed. In other words, a horizontal alignment film made of a plurality of fine films may be superimposed on the vertical alignment film. Furthermore, the alignment film (vertical alignment film or horizontal alignment film) composed of a plurality of fine films may be used alone without overlapping on the alignment film of different properties. Conversely, you may overlap the oriented film which consists of many micro films in multiple layers.

1: liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device) 11: first substrate
12: first electrode 13, 14, 17, 18: alignment layer
15: second substrate 16: second electrode
19: liquid crystal layer 21: first polarizing plate
22: second polarizer 40: substrate
41: conductive film 50: micro cylinder
51: needle 52: microliquid drop
53: challenge plate

Claims (4)

A first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face one surface of each other,
A first alignment layer provided on the one surface side of the first substrate,
A second alignment layer provided on the one surface side of the second substrate;
A liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate,
The first alignment layer has a plurality of micro-film, the plurality of micro-film is arranged to be distributed so that the lower layer is exposed between each other,
And a pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of an interface between the first alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer according to the distribution density of the plurality of micro films. The method of claim 1,
And a third alignment layer disposed between the first alignment layer and the one surface of the first substrate and having a different alignment control characteristic from the first alignment layer. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
And the plurality of microfilms are circular or annular in plan view. A first step of forming a first alignment layer on one surface of the first substrate,
A second process of arranging the first substrate and the second substrate to face one surface of each other;
A third step of forming a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate,
The first step is,
Discharging the alignment film liquid in a fog shape to one surface side of the first substrate by releasing the alignment film liquid in a state where a potential difference is generated between the alignment film liquid and the first substrate;
And a step of solidifying the sprayed alignment film liquid.

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