KR20100120678A - Re-delievery system in a coal gasification reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plant for continuously supplying finely ground fuel material to a coal gasification plant, wherein the fuel is first stored in a storage tank and then transferred to a rock hopper system, where the gas for coal gasification reaction The lock hopper system consists of at least two lock hoppers to achieve gas injection semi-continuously, and then the fuel is passed into a supply tank where the constant fill level prevails over a given period of time so that the fuel Conveyed in a constant, smooth and pressurized flow from the burner to the burner, the transport from at least two lock hoppers to at least one feed tank is at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m 3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar. Space saving and flexible plant construction The plant components to achieve makes it possible to place in or at different geodetic heights in the same geodetic height. The invention also relates to a method for continuously and uniformly feeding finely ground fuel to a coal gasification reactor.

Description

Continuous fuel supply system for coal gasification reactor {RE-DELIEVERY SYSTEM IN A COAL GASIFICATION REACTOR}

The present invention relates to a process for continuously feeding in a controlled manner fine particles of powdered fuel material into a pressurized feed tank in a pressure gasification process wherein the finely ground or powdered (<0.5 mm) coal Fuel materials, such as petroleum coke, biological waste or fuel, react with low-gas loads (<50 kg / m 3; no fluidised bed) by reacting with an oxygenated gasifier under elevated pressure at temperatures above the slag melting point. Is converted to a suspension with)).

In the course of the pressure gasification process, the carbon-containing fuel material is converted by the oxygen-containing gas, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied at a substoichiometric ratio to obtain a carbon monoxide-containing product gas. When the reactant gas contains water vapor, the product gas has synthesis gas properties and contains most of the hydrogen. In order to achieve the complete conversion possible under substoichiometric conditions, the fuel material must be fed to the reactor in finely ground conditions. The reaction usually occurs under elevated pressure.

Since gasification reactions operate economically only when operated continuously for extended periods of time, the amount of finely ground fuel material supplied per unit time should be kept as constant as possible to ensure trouble free operation. The transport of fuel material at the required pressure level and the supply of fuel material under pressure are still challenges to be solved in the coal gasification reaction. For this reason, coal gasification plants always include a plant facility which functions to ensure a trouble-free supply of fuel to the reactor. Such equipment typically consists of a lock hopper (locked hopper) assembly operated by a special dosing tank and gravity flow.

The use of a dosing tank is not always a means to completely eliminate pressure changes that occur when filling a reactor. This may result in pressure changes during the coal gasification reaction that will temporarily change the composition of the synthesis gas. Discontinuous filling of the dosing tank, in particular from a pressure lock, results in a pressure change that has an adverse effect on the pressure differential which serves as a driving force for transport between the dosing tank and the burner.

The introduction of fuel material by gravity flow, as is done when feeding fuel material to a coal gasification reactor, is also a source of potential problems. Since finely ground fuel material can be blocked or blocked depending on its quality and degree of drying, the transport will often proceed only in batches or with unexpected periodic interruptions. In addition, gravity-based lock hopper systems often require complex design solutions because the tanks to be transported between them must be placed on top of each other.

The fuel supply system according to the prior art is cost intensive and operation is not always reliable. In the case of large capacity plants, the spatial separation of the grinding unit and gasification unit entails a significant additional expenditure in connection with the transport of finely divided fuel materials from the grinding unit to the fuel supply system. This makes it necessary to provide additional equipment (transport containers or pneumatic pumps, filters, buffer tanks on the supply system). In addition, considerable expenditure is incurred by piping, instrumentation and drying operations, the latter being especially due to the exposed position of the buffer tank at the highest height of the gasification unit. The rock hopper system, which operates on the principle of gravity flow, also proved to be inadequately reliable to operate. Any additional equipment will increase the risk of failure at any rate.

In addition to these generally known facts, the principle of lock hopper gravity transport carries special functional risks. In spite of the great variety of studies, it has proved extremely difficult to carry out the vessel pressurization process carefully enough to keep the internal stress of the bulk material sufficiently low. In many cases, the bulk material may be locally filled to such an extent that gravity flow into the feed tank will not occur at all or only to an insufficient extent. Therefore, the stock of solid material in the supply tank is reduced, which can often result in limited output or even failure of the gasification unit.

Excessive size due to high plant capacity faces drying limits and when the gasification unit has to be designed for pressures higher than the pressure (typically 2.5 MPa) of units that have been in operation for several years (typically 4 MPa) The problem becomes more serious.

If the required gravity flow is achieved, the lock hopper gravity transfer from the lock hopper to the feed tank will result in a very high transport mass flow rate and thus a relatively short transport time. Transport of solids during the lock-hopper transfer will raise the fill level in the feed tank. The fill level will then be reduced again by the amount of fuel supplied to the burner and again increased by the next lock hopper transport operation. In this way, the supply tank can temporarily change the conditions, which can even adversely affect steady discharge from the supply tank. It is considerably more advantageous to keep the pressure conditions, the filling level and the pulsed transfer to the bulk filling, for example by the dropping-in material, as constant as possible over time.

The present invention solves these problems by means of a dosing tank comprising fuel material which is finely ground under pressure and which has a nearly constant fuel fill level according to the invention.

This near constant fill level in the feed tank is continuous in accordance with the invention through a continuous feed line used in at least one cavity suitable for dense-flow conveying solid material from at least two lock hoppers. By supplying Since the continuous feed line is not operated by gravity, it is also possible to install the feed tank and the feed lock hopper at different geodesic heights, and also to install them at different distances, for example, at greater distances from each other.

Dosing devices for fuel material are known for supplying fuel material to a reactor via a dosing tank having an upstream lock hopper system. US 5143521 A describes a system for storing fuel material and for supplying fuel material into a supply tank in which finely ground fuel material is continuously supplied by a system of lock hoppers. The lock hoppers are connected by lines and are pressurized alternately. The pressure of the expansion gas of one lock hopper can be used through a system of compressors for pressurizing expansion turbines, venturi tubes and other rock hoppers. In this way, it is possible to adjust the pressure of finely ground coal at atmospheric conditions to a level suitable for coal gasification. Nitrogen is used as pressurized gas.

DE 102005047583 A1 describes a plant and method for dosing and supplying powdered fuel material to a coal gasification reactor under pressure. To ensure a constant supply of fuel material to the coal gasification reactor over a given period of time, the fuel is stored in the middle of the dosing tank, and at the bottom of the dosing tank the tank bottom is supplied by a dense fluid bed to the gas. It is formed thereon, through which the powdered fuel material is continuously fed to the pressurized gasification reactor through the burner. The actual supply to the burner is realized by the so-called high speed transfer, where the supply of auxiliary gas to the supply line located downstream of the burner is used to create a pressure difference whereby the fuel material is subsequently transported to the burner. The dosing tank is supplied with fuel material from two locks that transport the fuel material by gravity and a star feeder into the dosing tank. However, this is prone to failure and requires high altitude structures. The use of a grinding device is not mentioned.

The present invention describes an integrated process for pulverizing fuel material, including carbon, pressurizing the fuel with a suitable gas, distributing and transporting the fuel to a supply tank, and feeding the reactor. The transport and distribution of fuel and the feed to the reactor are realized by dense-flow conveying in so-called continuous feed lines. In this way, the complete fuel supply chain of the reactor can be carried out without gravity flow. The gasification reactor outlet temperature is preferably above the slag melting point in the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C. and the pressure is preferably between 0.3 and 8 MPa.

In this context, dense-flow conveying refers to concentrated flow (dense flow) in the form of dense plugs or packings that fill the entire cross-sectional area of the pipe, rather than transporting the fuel material particles as individual particles. dense-flow). The concentrated flow conveyance flow rate is generally between 4 and 5 m / s and a high transport volume is achieved despite the high solid load of the gas flow. Concentrated flow conveyance is characterized by the smooth transport of the material, especially with little trouble caused by adhesive or wet transport material. The pneumatic concentrated flow conveying process is preferably carried out at a solid density of at least 100 kg / m 3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar.

A method for supplying finely ground fuel material to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification with a gasifier with oxygen under pressure, wherein

The gasifier outlet temperature is above the slag melting point in the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C. and the pressure is between 0.3 and 8 MPa,

And the finely ground fuel material is pressurized through the lock system to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure and transported to at least one feed tank from which one or more of the gasifiers or More gasification burners are dosed in concentrated flow, and

Transport from at least two lock hoppers to at least one feed tank utilizes a pneumatic continuous feed line jointly, simultaneously or continuously at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m 3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar Particularly claimed are methods carried out by.

In an embodiment of the method the transport from the lock hopper to the supply tank or tanks is controlled by at least one connection device and at least one unifying element and is transported from the integration member to the supply tank. Is implemented by a separate connecting device or by an additional integrating member having a transport connecting device.

The transport connection device is illustratively designed as a continuous feed line suitable for concentrated flow conveyance. By installing the integrating member downstream of the lock hopper, the fuel material is conveyed from the lock hopper to the supply tank via fewer continuous supply lines than the number of lock hoppers. It is also possible for the solid material to pass through the connecting member rather than directly from the outlet of the lock hopper to the integration member, thus passing first through the line into the integration member and then into the continuous feed line. Here, the number of integrated members is less than the number of lock hoppers, which may be equal to the number of continuous feed lines. The integrating member is provided as close as possible to the outlet nozzle and is arranged symmetrically to this as possible to ensure smooth solid flow.

In a preferred embodiment of the method the fuel material is processed in finely ground form by means of a mill or a suitable grinding device. For this purpose, the fuel material may be available in any form. It is possible to deliver fuel material that has already been finely ground. In this case, only pressurization of fuel material and transportation to the reactor are required. Typically, however, the grinding process is an integral part of the process according to the invention, especially if the grinding device is arranged spatially adjacent to the reactor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a coal milling and drying (CMD) unit is an integral part of a coal gasification plant.

In order to carry out the transport function, the lock hopper is pressurized with gas. Recycled process gas is used, for example. It is also possible to use inert gases. Pressurization is advantageously carried out with an inert gas (for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide) or by a process gas or recycle gas. In order to advantageously form the transport process, mutual partial pressurization of the lock hopper precedes pressurization of the lock hopper by the supplied gas. To keep the process conditions as constant as possible, the lock hopper is alternately pressurized and depressurized.

In a further embodiment of the method, the grinding circuit is covered with an inert gas and an expansion gas from the lock hopper is used to cover the grinding circuit with an inert gas. The latter is depressurized at regular intervals in order to carry out the transport process, where the discharged gas can be recycled to the grinding apparatus. This makes the process reliable in operation and keeps plant operating costs at a reasonable level. The gas in the grinding circuit is additionally dedusted. For this purpose a dust separator is used which can be used to remove dust from the inflation gas from the lock hopper. Pressurization or inflation gas can basically be dedusted by a dust separator anywhere in the process.

The finely ground fuel material is then preferably fed to the feed tank. In this way it is possible to store fuel material and temporarily buffer the raw material flow according to availability. It is therefore possible to adjust the bottlenecks that are compensated by later refilling.

In order to carry out the process according to the invention, any solid, carbonaceous fuel material can be used which can be divided into small particles by milling or grinding. These may in particular be all kinds of carbon, with anthracite, lignite and basically all carbon types of coal being suitable. Biological fuel materials such as wood, biomass and other fuel materials such as plastic waste and petroleum coke or mixtures thereof are suitable as fuel materials. In order to carry out the process according to the invention, it should be possible to grind the fuel material into finely divided forms suitable for concentrated flow conveyance.

Following the grinding process and storage in the feed tank, the solid material is passed into the lock hopper system where the solid material is pressurized with the supplied gas to carry out the gasification reaction. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the feed tank is under atmosphere. The transport of the solid material to the lock hopper is advantageously carried out by gravity.

In order to carry out the method according to the invention, the lock hopper system consists of at least two lock hoppers. In this way, it is possible to connect the discharge operations continuously and to ensure almost continuous mass flow. In an advantageous embodiment the lock hopper is pressed individually.

In an embodiment of the method according to the invention two lock hoppers are used to ensure continuous mass flow. Therefore, the investment cost of the plant is lowered. In another embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to use three or more lock hoppers. This is especially recommended for high plant throughput.

It is possible to use multiple lock hoppers and multiple integration members. In principle, the installation according to the invention may consist of any number of lock pulps and integral members. The number of lock hoppers is determined by the throughput of the plant. The number of integrated members is determined by the number of lock hoppers and the number of continuous feed lines. In theory, any number of different arrangements are possible. The interconnection of the lock hopper and the integrating member may also be carried out as basically required. Any number of connecting devices can be used for this purpose. Preferred connection devices are pipelines. For example hoses or flanges are also possible. The form of spatial interconnection can also be chosen as required.

Following tank pressurization, the contained fuel material is discharged quantitatively and the pressure in the tank is then enlarged. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the inflation gas is used to partially pressurize the next lock hopper in the cycle. To increase the efficiency, this can be realized by introducing the expansion gas directly into the tank to be pressurized.

To reduce the dust load of the inflation gas, the inflation gas is advantageously introduced into a dust separator which is also used to remove dust from the gas from the storage tank or the grinding process. In principle, it is also possible to remove solid material dusts by cleaning the gas with several independent dust separators. In order to keep investment costs low, it is advantageous to use only one dust separator.

The mass flow from the lock hopper is transported to the feed tank via at least one integrated member and a continuous feed line. In order to take advantage of the invention, the lock hopper is emptied in turn and a nearly continuous flow of fuel material into the feed tank is achieved. In this way, the next feed tank for the gasification reactor can be supplied with a continuous mass flow of pressure suitable for the gasification reaction, and the filling level of the feed tank remains almost constant. The filling level of fuel material in the supply tank can be adjusted according to an advantageous embodiment of the method so that it does not change by more than ± 30% over a given period of time. If the method according to the invention is carried out by a specialist, it is easily possible to keep the fill level change of the supply tank within a range of no more than ± 10% over an extended period of time.

The filling level of the supply tank can also be kept constant by controlling the continuous supply of finely ground fuel material from the lock hopper by adjusting the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the supply tank. The inlet or outlet of the gas into the free space of the lock hopper affects the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the feed tank and is used as a control parameter for transporting solid material.

In order to carry out the method, the finely ground fuel material preferably has a particle size of 0.5 mm or less. This is achieved in the grinding and grinding process. Discharge of solid material from the lock hopper can be facilitated by the addition of gas into the lock hopper immediately adjacent to the discharge nozzle. The density in the continuous feed line can be advantageously adjusted by adding gas into the continuous feed line or into the integrated member or both. The addition of gas at this point can also be used to clean the continuous supply line or integrated member. Gas may also be supplied to the connecting member between the lock hopper and the integrating member.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the carrier gas volume supplied to the outlet of the lock hopper is withdrawn from the supply tank and returned to the lock hopper by the injector. The returned carrier gas and the propellant gas of the injector are jointly used as an alternative gas to empty the lock hopper and thus to maintain the pressure of the lock hopper during the conveying process.

In order to meet certain requirements, it may be advantageous for two or more lock hoppers to discharge solid material simultaneously or temporarily simultaneously into a conveying line. Gas balance between the feed hoppers can advantageously be achieved by gas connection lines between the lock hoppers.

The process according to the invention may also comprise processes which are subsequent processes of the coal gasification process according to the invention. The process according to the invention may also include the process steps required for the routine operation of the reactor. For example they may be cleaning steps. They may also be supporting process steps, such as supply of gas to relax (relax) the plug. It may also be process steps for measuring parameters such as fill level, flow rate, pressure or temperature. In particular the invention also describes a facility for carrying out this method. The installation according to the invention may comprise all the plant units necessary for operating the coal gasification plant according to the method of the invention.

An apparatus used for supplying a solid fuel material to a reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material,

-Grinding device,

-Dust separator,

-Storage tank,

At least two lock hoppers,

At least one connecting device for conveying concentrated flow,

-Supply tank

A gasification reactor, wherein

The grinding device is connected to the storage container by a connecting device, the dust separator is installed between the grinding device and the storage tank, and

The storage vessel is connected to the lock hopper via a linkage suitable for conveying gravity or concentrated flow, and

The lock hopper is connected to the supply tank by means of a jointly used connecting device suitable as a continuous supply line for concentrated flow conveyance, which is connected to the gasification reactor via another fuel material line,

Facility is charged.

Concentrated flow (high density flow) conveying from the lock hopper system to the supply tank makes it possible to install the supply tank at the same or different geodetic height as the lock hopper system. For the known gravity lock hopper system up to now it was indispensable to install a lock hopper over the supply tank. By this means it is possible to reduce the drying height of the entire plant to a considerable extent. It is also possible to place the lock hopper system and feed tanks and reactors in separate buildings. The invention also includes the advantage that lower drying heights can be selected for each unit. Various plant components can be arranged as required so that the spatial design of the plant can be performed flexibly.

The transport of fuel material from the lock hopper to the supply tank or tanks is realized through at least one connecting device and at least one integrated member, wherein the transport from the integrated member to the supply tank provides a separate continuous supply line for thick flow transport. Is implemented. The transport from the lock hopper to the feed tank can be realized via another integrated member with a transport connection device.

Depending on the embodiment of the method, two or more lock hoppers are used to pressurize the fuel material. This is especially recommended for plants with high fuel material throughput or when the lock hopper system has to be pressurized to higher pressure. The inlet side of the lock hopper is connected to the feed tank, which carries fuel material into the lock hopper with the help of both concentrated flow and gravity transport. For this purpose, a star feeder or material manifold can be installed at an appropriate location between the storage tank and the lock hopper. It is also possible to install an intermediate vessel, a bulb vessel or a gas supply device between the storage tank and the lock hopper.

The fuel material supply system of the coal gasification plant may also include a mill or grinding device, which may be of any type desired. The mill may also include additional grinding devices such as wood mills or coal mills. The mill or grinder may also be gas fed or covered with inert gas. In a preferred embodiment of the installation according to the invention the lock hopper is spatially integrated into the grinding unit and filled by gravity flow from at least one storage vessel for finely ground fuel.

To carry out the method according to the invention, the lock hopper system consists of two or more lock hoppers that can be pressurized from the outside. The lock hopper system is connected to an upstream storage tank that supplies the finely ground fuel material to the lock hopper system by gravity transport. The transport or transport of the solid material is advantageously effected by introducing the gas so that a gas introduction device that affects the transport or transport of the solid material may be installed at any position of the lock hopper system, the concentrated flow conveying line or the supply tank. Can be.

The lock hoppers can be of any design desired. The lock hopper may be provided in the form or sphere of a cylinder. Preferably, the lock hopper is provided with a downstream discharge cone, the angle of the cone being determined by the properties of the bulk material to neutralize the arcuate and ensure a uniform material flow. For this reason, in the ideal case the lock hopper tapers towards the bottom. The fuel substance therefore exits downward in the direction of gravity. Storage tanks as well as downstream feed tanks also have this preferred design. The lock hopper is provided with an inlet valve through which the lock hopper can be pressurized. The lock hopper is equipped with nozzles, shut-offs and control valves according to the prior art, which serve to control the flow of solid material, to depressurize and pressurize or to perform pressure compensation.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the expanded gas can be recycled to the grinding apparatus and / or fuel storage tank. In order to separate the dust from the gas before it is withdrawn from the system or recycled for use in the plant, the lines are preferably routed through the dust separator. The dust separator separates the dust and is, for example, sent to an appropriate disposal site or recycled to a storage tank. It is theoretically possible to install a device that allows gas flow to be separated from dust or solid material at any location of a lock hopper system, a concentrated flow conveying line, a fuel line or an expansion line. It is therefore advantageous to provide a gas side connection of the lock hopper and the supply tank.

The line may be provided with a gas introduction device at any desired location. The gas introduction device can be for example a so-called "booster". However, the discharge device, especially for solid materials that tend to caking, plugging or arching, may include an additional gas introduction device whereby the solid material may be loosened (loosed). (Or can come out well). The gas introduction device may also be provided at any place where the lock hopper is also required.

In this case, the material discharge part of the lock hopper is provided with a connecting member through which material flow from the lock hopper is passed to the integrated member. These members should be designed for high pressure because the fuel is at a pressure level above the pressure level of the gasification reactor during the whole conveying process from the lock hopper to the feed tank. In order to ensure a controlled mass flow, the lock hoppers are advantageously arranged symmetrically in the integrating member so that the connecting members between the lock hoppers and the integrating member are preferably mounted with the same length.

The integrating member can have any type desired. Preferably the integrating member is a device which takes over the function of the mixing element. The integrating member may for example be a pipe manifold or a Y-manifold and may also be so-called "pipe headers". Examples of suitable integral members are given in EP 340 419 B1; The members described herein are switched in function and used as integrated members. The connection device may also have any type desired. Preferably a pipe is used. Hoses or flanges are also possible.

The connecting device or integrated member may also be advantageously provided with a gas for dispensing the substance. If a plurality of integrated members are provided, they can be provided with gases separately. To this end, the integrated member is preferably provided with a gas introduction device. In an embodiment of the invention, the supply tank is also provided with a gas injection device or a gas introduction device.

The pipeline for supplying the solid material to the feed tank usually terminates above the solid material fill level, and in embodiments of the invention may also enter the feed tank below the solid material level, depending on the properties of the bulk material. The solid material level may be at the lower or middle height position of the feed tank because the solid material level may only change slightly when the process is run advantageously. In this way it is possible to achieve a low bulk density in the feed tank if the solid material exhibits good gas retention properties, which reduces the additional amount of gas required for transport to the burner.

The plant according to the invention can be provided at any place where the plant plant necessary for the operation of the solid fuel supply system is required. It may be a pump but it may also be a heating or cooling device. Valves or shutoff devices may also be included. They can theoretically be installed in any place. Integration of the injector is also possible. Here, for example, a so-called "booster" (gas injector) can be used, but a gas jet pump is also possible. Finally, the installation according to the invention may also comprise a thermometer or flow sensor, pressure sensor, level meter or other measuring devices for gas and solid materials.

The design type of dense-flow conveying from the lock hopper and from the feed tank makes it possible to dry the entire plant structure to a low height. Since transportation is independent of gravity, plant equipment can be installed in any place required. By this system, the space requirements can be reduced to a considerable extent. The system of several lock hoppers, upstream storage tanks and constant-level supply tanks makes it possible to achieve trouble-free and very constant transport of fuel to the supply tanks over a given period, even for extended periods of time. This contributes to the reliability of the plant and ensures a consistently high quality product.

The present invention has the effect of solving the problems of the prior art by a dosing tank comprising fuel material finely pulverized under pressure and having an almost constant fuel fill level according to the invention. In particular, the present invention makes it possible to dry the entire plant structure to a lower height, and since the conveyance is independent of gravity, the plant equipment can be installed in any place required so that the space requirements can be significantly reduced. In addition, the system of several lock hoppers, upstream storage tanks and constant-level supply tanks enables trouble-free and very constant transport of fuel to the supply tanks over a given period, even over extended periods of time, which is dependent on the reliability of the plant. Contributing and consistently ensuring high quality products, the invention also has an excellent effect of making the process reliable in operation and keeping the plant operating costs at a reasonable level.

The installation according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The embodiment is not limited to these drawings.
1 and 2 show the process flow of a coal gasification plant with provision for the supply of fuel material according to the invention.
3 to 8 show, by way of example, a device having various numbers of lock hoppers and integrating members.

1 shows a process flow of a coal gasification plant with provision for the supply of fuel material according to the invention. The fuel material 1 is fed into a mill or a suitable grinding device 2 and flows in. The finely ground (pulverized) fuel material is then passed through the dust separator 3 and the fuel line 3a into the storage tank 4 where the fuel is stored intermediate. The fuel is then fed to a lock hopper 5 (locked (adjustable) hopper). The illustrated embodiment shows two lock hoppers 5a, 5b. The lock hopper serves to pressurize fuel in each batch by supplying gas. For this purpose, the lock hopper 5 is provided with gas introduction devices 6a and 6b on the filling and gas introduction devices 6'a and 6'b into the filling. There is a compensation line 7 between the lock hoppers 5 which can be opened if necessary. An expansion line 8 for depressurization leaves the lock hopper 5, through which the expanded gas can be used completely or only partly to cover the grinding device 2. However, the expanded gas may be used to cover the storage tank 4 with an inert gas. In order to regulate the recycle gas 8c of the grinding apparatus 2 recycled by the blower 8b to an appropriate temperature, the line may be provided with a heat exchanger 8d or other suitable device for supplying heat. Downstream of the lock hoppers 5a, 5b the finely ground fuel material is discharged through the appropriate coupling devices 9a, 9b and moves to the integration member 10. The integration member 10 may be supplied with gas through the gas line 11. The finely ground material is then sent to feed tank 13 via continuous feed line 12.

In the exemplary variant shown in FIG. 1, the two lock hoppers 5a, 5b use a continuous feed line 12 via an integrated member 10. This is advantageously achieved in such a way that the lock hoppers 5a, 5b alternately transport the solid material through the integrating member 10 into a dense-flow conveying continuous supply line 12. In order to minimize the time between switching from one lock hopper to the other hoppers 5a and 5b and to ensure almost uninterrupted transport of the solid material, both lock hoppers 5a and 5b are stacked in a timely manner. It is advantageous to couple to the integrating member 10. In this respect the pressure compensation via the compensation line 7 between the already almost empty lock hopper and the still other filled hoppers 5a, 5b is useful. It goes without saying that it is also possible and advantageous to carry out the above procedure with two or more lock hoppers 5. If there are two or more lock hoppers 5, the lock hoppers 5 that have just been emptied and are now depressurized to fill with solid material from the atmospheric storage tank 4 for partial pressurization of the lock hopper 5 which is still under atmospheric conditions. It is also possible to use an expansion gas of). The connecting devices 9a, 9b are provided with two valves (not shown), one sealing the hopper discharge and one sealing the integrating member 10. After the lock hopper 5 has been emptied to the minimum level and shut off from the integrating member 10 by a valve proximate to the integrating member 10, before the second valve is closed, the gas injection in the connecting device 9a, 9b ( It is preferred to be washed or blown off by 9'a, 9'b).

Ideally, a constant fill level 13a prevails over the supply tank 13. The pressure of the supply tank 13 can be kept constant by the supply gas 22 or the surplus gas (exhaust gas) 21 by the gas compensation process. From the feed tank 13, solid material is sent via fuel lines 14a, 14b to a coal gasification reactor 15 having one or more burners 16a, 16b. The plant is located in the building 17a of the grinding unit, which is a separate plant unit, and the coal gasification reactor 15 and the supply tank 13 are located in the building 17b of the gas production unit, which is another building.

The already mentioned advantages of the present invention, in particular the number of plant items, a significant reduction in structure height and thus a significant reduction in investment costs and an increase in plant reliability, are obtained for a moderate increase in the demand for pressurized gas. This is part of the gas used for the concentrated flow conveyance of the solid material in the continuous feed line 12 which is used to reduce the solid material density to a value below the prevailing value in the feed tank 13. Due to the fact that it cannot be used as feed gas for the coal gasification reactor 15, see FIG. If no additional device is available, this part is removed without being used as surplus gas 21. At the same time, several times more than the amount of gas is required in the lock hopper 5, which is a transport hopper acting as a substitute for the discharge of solid material. Therefore, the surplus gas (exhaust gas) 21 from the supply tank 13 is recycled to the lock hopper as the recycle gas 20 and the demand for gas is reduced by using it for partial replacement of the gas consumed for replacement. Is proposed. This can be done by a blower or another device for increasing the pressure. Injectors 18, in particular gas jet pumps, are proposed because of the low pressure difference which will be overcome with high system pressure at the same time between the supply tank 13 and the lock hopper 5. The pump is also capable of transporting dusty gases and does not require dust separation. Propellant gases are available at significantly higher pressures because they serve as pressurized gases used for alternative purposes. The pressure side of the injector 18 is switched to the currently active lock hopper 5. Under typical operating conditions, the fraction of the recycle gas amounts to about 25% of the amount of replacement gas. At the same time the supply pressure of the propulsion gas 23 is about 10 bar higher than the lock hopper pressure, while the pressure of the recycle gas 20 is only about 1-2 bar above the lock hopper pressure. These numerical relationships make it clear to the expert that the injector system 18 works well under certain conditions.

The gas recirculation is integrated into the pressure control system of the supply tank 13 in the following manner: on the basis that the surplus gas 21 can be removed from the supply tank 13 under constant operating conditions, the supply tank 13 The increase in pressure within is avoided by the injector 18 absorbing the amount of gas released and feeding it to the lock hopper 5. When the pressure in the supply tank 13 continues to rise, the excess pressure amount is removed as the excess gas 21. This gas can also be advantageously used, if desired, to replace, for example, purge gases that are transported to the gasification reactor at various locations. If an increase in pressure in the feed tank 13 is particularly necessary during the start-up process, this cannot be achieved by closing the valve in the line for the recycle gas 20 and the surplus gas 21 and by the surplus gas 21. The deficit is compensated by the fresh feed gas 22.

The pressurized gas used as the propulsion gas 23 for the injector 18 is compensation-controlled by the pressure controller of the lock hopper 5. Depending on the position of the throttling valve in the propulsion gas line, the amount of propellant gas ranges from 70 to 100% of the amount of gas required for replacement. The set value of the lock hopper pressure is determined via a cascade (not shown) from the level of the feed tank 13 (or from its weight). Regarding the level, a fixed setpoint (eg 50%) is given. If this set value is exceeded, the value of the pressure difference between the supply tank 13 and the lock hopper 5 controlled by the controller cascade is reduced so that the solid mass flow to be supplied is subsequently reduced and the level is set. If it falls below the value, the controllers operate in reverse.

3 to 8 show by way of example a device having a variable number of lock hoppers 5 and an integrated member 10. They are connected to the pipeline in different ways.

3 shows an installation according to the invention comprising three lock hoppers 5 and one integrated member 10, in which each lock hopper 5 is integrated member 10 via a connecting device 9. Is connected to the supply tank 13 via a continuous supply line 12. The integration member 10 may be supplied with gas through the gas line 11.

4 shows an installation according to the invention comprising three lock hoppers 5 and two integrated members 10, in which two lock hoppers 5 are connected via a connecting device 9a, 9b in a first manner. Connected to the integrating member 10a and the first integrating member 10a is connected to the second integrating member 10b through another connecting device and the third lock hopper is connected to the second integrating member 10b through the connecting device 9c. ) And the second integrated member 10b is connected to the supply tank 13 via a continuous supply line 12.

FIG. 5 shows a plant according to the invention comprising four lock hoppers 5 and three integrated members 10, in which two lock hoppers 5 are each via connecting devices 9a-9d, respectively. Connected to one integrated member 10 and these integrated members 10 are connected to a third integrated member 10c via another connecting device 9e, 9f and the third integrated member 10c is a continuous supply line ( 12 is connected to the supply tank 13.

6 shows an installation according to the invention comprising six lock hoppers 5 and two integrated members 10, in which three lock hoppers 5 are each one via a connecting device 9, respectively. It is connected to the integrating member 10 and these integrating members 10 are connected to the supply tank 13 via separate continuous supply lines 12a and 12b.

FIG. 7 shows an installation according to the invention comprising eight lock hoppers 5 and two integrated members 10, wherein four lock hoppers 5 are each via connecting devices 9a, 9b, respectively. It is connected to one integrated member 10 and these integrated members 10 are connected to the supply tank 13 via separate continuous supply lines 12a, 12b.

FIG. 8 shows an installation according to the invention comprising eight lock hoppers 5 and three integration members 10, wherein four lock hoppers 5 are each integrated through a connecting device 9. Connected to the members 10a, 10b and these integrated members 10a, 10b are connected to the third integrated member 10c via another connecting device 9, and the third integrated member 10b is a continuous supply line. It is connected to the supply tank 13 via 12.

"Feststoff" in Figure 2 means "solid material"
1 fuel substance
2 grinding device
3 dust separator
3a fuel line
4 storage tank
5,5a, 5b rock hopper
6,6a, 6b gas introduction device
6'a, 6'b gas introduction device
7 compensation lines
8 expansion lines
8a inflation gas line
8b blower
8c recycle gas
8d heat exchanger
9a-9f coupling device
9'a, 9'b gas injection
10,10a-10c integrated member
11 gas lines
12,12a, 12b continuous supply line
13 supply tank
13a charge level
14a, 14b fuel line
15 coal gasification reactor
16a, 16b burner
17a Crushing Unit Building
17b Gas Manufacturing Unit Building
18 injector
19 gas
20 recycle gas
21 surplus gas (exhaust gas)
22 supply gas
23 propulsion gas
Pressure as a control parameter
PC pressure controller

Claims (36)

-Grinding device (2),
-Dust separator (3),
A storage tank (4),
At least two lock hoppers (5),
-Connecting device (12) for conveying concentrated flow,
-Supply tank (13)
A gasification reactor (15), wherein
The grinding device 2 is connected to the storage container 4 by means of a connecting device, the dust separator 3 being installed between the grinding device 2 and the storage tank 4,
In a plant used for supplying a solid fuel material to a reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material,
The storage container 4 is connected to the lock hopper 5 via a connecting device suitable for gravity flow or concentrated flow transport, and
The lock hopper 5 is connected to the supply tank 13 by means of a joint device 12 which is commonly used as a continuous supply line 12 for conveying the concentrated flow, which is connected to another fuel line ( A plant used for supplying the solid fuel material to the reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material, characterized in that it is connected to the gasification reactor (15) via 14). The method of claim 1,
The transport of fuel material from the lock hopper 5 to the supply tank or tanks 13 is implemented via at least one connecting device 9 and at least one integrated member 10, and from the integrated member 10. The transport of the tank is characterized in that it is implemented via a separate continuous supply line (12) for conveying concentrated flow or through another integrated member (10) with a transport connection device (9e, f). The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises three lock hoppers 5 and one integrated member 10, each lock hopper 5 being connected to the integrated member 10 via a connecting device 9 and the integrated member 10 also being Equipment characterized in that it is connected to the supply tank (13) via another connecting device (12). The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises three lock hoppers 5 and two integrated members 10, the two lock hoppers 5 being connected to the first integrated member 10a via connecting devices 9a, 9b and having a first The integrating member 10a is connected to the second integrating member 10b via another connecting device 9c and the third lock hopper 5 is directly connected to the second integrating member 10b via the connecting device and 2 Integral member (10b) is characterized in that it is connected to the supply tank (13) via another connecting device (12). The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises four lock hoppers 5 and three integrated members 10, two lock hoppers 5 each connected to one integrated member 10 via connecting devices 9a-9d and These integrating members 10 are connected to the third integrating member 10c via further connecting devices 9e and 9f and the third integrating member 10c is connected to the supply tank 13 via another connecting device 12. Equipment characterized in that connected to. The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises six lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10, each of which has three lock hoppers 5, each connected to one integration member 10 via a connecting device 9, and these integrations. Facility (10) characterized in that the member (10) is connected to the supply tank (13) via separate connection devices (12a, 12b). The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises eight lock hoppers 5 and two integrated members 10, four lock hoppers 5 each being connected to one integrated member 10 via a connecting device 9 and these integrated Facility (10) characterized in that the member (10) is connected to the supply tank (13) via a separate connection device (12). The method of claim 2,
The installation comprises eight lock hoppers 5 and three integrated members 10, four lock hoppers 5 each being connected to one integrated member 10a, 10b via a connecting device 9, respectively. These integrating members 10a, 10b are connected to the third integrating member 10c via another connecting device 9, and the third integrating member 10c is connected to the supply tank via another connecting device 12. 13) connected to the facility. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The plant characterized in that the lock hoppers (5a, 5b) are spatially integrated into the grinding unit (1) and filled from at least one storage tank (4) for finely ground fuel material. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The lock hopper system (5) is characterized in that it consists of two or more lock hoppers that can be pressurized from the outside. The method of claim 1,
The lock hopper system (5) is connected to a downstream storage tank (4), which is characterized in that it feeds the finely ground fuel material to the rock hopper system by gravity transport. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
The gas side of the lock hopper (5) and the supply tank (13) are characterized in that connected by at least one connecting line (20). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
One or more gas introduction devices can be installed in the lock hopper system 5, the concentrated flow conveying line, the gas side connection line 20, or anywhere in the feed tank, thereby affecting the transport or transportation of the solid material. Equipment characterized in that it can be. The method of claim 13,
At least one gas introduction device is an injector (18). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
A device capable of separating solid matter or dust in the gas stream may be installed at any location of the lock hopper system 5, expansion lines 7, 8, 8a, recirculation line 20 or surplus gas line 21. Facility which can be characterized. A method for supplying finely ground fuel material to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification by reaction with a gasifier with oxygen under pressure, wherein
The gasifier outlet temperature is above the slag melting point in the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C. and the pressure is between 0.3 and 8 MPa,
And the finely ground fuel material is pressurized through the lock system 5 to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure and transported to at least one feed tank 13 from there through at least one fuel line 14. In a method, which is doped in concentrated flow with one or more gasification burners 16 of one or more gasifiers 15,
Transport from at least two lock hoppers 5a, 5b to at least one feed tank 13 jointly feeds the pneumatic continuous feed line at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m 3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar. , By use at the same time or consecutively. The method of claim 16,
The expansion gas (8) from the lock hopper (5) is used at least partly to cover the grinding circuit with an inert gas. The method of claim 16,
A dust separator (3) of the grinding unit is also used for dust removal of the inflation gas (8a) from the lock hopper (5). The method of claim 16,
A method for supplying finely pulverized fuel material, characterized in that the mutual partial pressurization of the lock hoppers (5a, 5b) precedes the pressurization by the supplied gas (6a 6b). The method of claim 16,
The fuel material is conveyed from the lock hopper 5 to the supply tank 13 via fewer continuous supply lines 12 than the number of the lock hoppers 5 for supplying finely pulverized fuel material. Way. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20,
Solid material from the outlet of each lock hopper 5 is passed through the connecting members 9a, 9b into the integrating member 10 and then into the continuous feed line 12, the number of integrating members being the lock hopper A method for supplying finely ground fuel material, characterized in that it is less than the number of particles and is at least equal to the number of continuous feed lines. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 21,
The integrating member (10) is preferably provided symmetrically in close proximity to the outlet nozzle of the lock hopper (5). The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22,
A method for supplying finely ground fuel material, characterized in that at least two lock hoppers (5) temporarily discharge solid material into the continuous feed line (12) simultaneously. The method of claim 16,
The supply tank (13) is spatially integrated into the building of the grinding unit. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 22,
The geodesic installation height of the lock hopper (5) is smaller than the installation height of the supply tank (13). The method of claim 16,
A continuous feed line (12) enters the feed tank (13) below the solid material level. The method of claim 16,
The particle size of the finely ground solid fuel material is 0.5 mm or less, wherein the finely ground fuel material is supplied. The method of claim 16,
Continuous feeding from the lock hopper 5 is controlled by adjusting the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the supply tank so as to supply finely ground fuel material, which is characterized in that the filling level of the supply tank 13 is kept constant. How to. The method of claim 16,
The gas inlets or outlets 6a, 6b into the free space of the lock hopper affect the pressure difference between the lock hopper 5 and the feed tank 13 and are used as control parameters for the transport of solid material. A method for supplying finely ground fuel material. The method of claim 16,
Discharge of the solid material is facilitated by the addition of gas (6'a, 6'b) into the lock hopper immediately adjacent to the discharge nozzle. The method of claim 16,
The density in the continuous feed line 12 is controlled by the addition of a gas 11 into the continuous feed line 12 and / or the integrated member 10. . The method of claim 16,
The continuous feed line 12 is finely ground fuel, characterized in that it is cleaned by adding gases 9'a, 9'b into the continuous feed line 12 itself and / or into the integrated member 10. Method for Supplying Substances. The method of claim 16,
A method for supplying finely pulverized fuel material, characterized in that a gas (9'a, 9'b) is supplied to the connecting member (9a, 9b) between the lock hopper (5) and the integrated member. The method of claim 16,
The carrier gas volumes supplied at the outlet of the lock hopper 5 (6'a, 6'b) are recovered in the supply tank 13 and finely characterized by being returned to the lock hopper 5 by a pressure booster. Method for supplying pulverized fuel material. The method of claim 16,
The carrier gas volumes supplied at the discharge of the lock hopper 5 (6'a, 6'b) are withdrawn from the supply tank 13 and are returned to the lock hopper 5 by the injector 18. A method for supplying finely ground fuel material. The method of claim 34 or 35,
A method for supplying finely ground fuel material, characterized in that a propellant gas (23), which serves to regulate the pressure of the lock hopper (5), is used to operate the injector (18).

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