EP2249953A2

EP2249953A2 - Re-delievery system in a coal gasification reactor

Info

Publication number: EP2249953A2
Application number: EP09716355A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Eberhard Kuske; Stefan Hamel
Original assignee: Uhde GmbH
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date: 2008-03-05
Filing date: 2009-02-18
Publication date: 2010-11-17
Also published as: WO2009109297A3; KR101659096B1; BRPI0908981A2; CN101965223A; TW200946668A; TWI461522B; WO2009109297A2; MX2010009718A; ZA201006297B; CA2716621C; KR20100120678A; RU2496854C2; RU2010140625A; AU2009221259A1; AU2009221259B2; US20110100274A1; CA2716621A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the continuous supply of finely communited fuel of a coal gasification system. Said fuel is initially stored in a storage container and then guided into an air shower system where it is supplied with gas for the coal gasification reaction. Said air shower system comprises at least two sluice containers in order to form the tight fit with gas in a quasi-continuous manner, and the fuel then passes into the storage container in which a constant filling level is reached over time, so that the fuel is guided from said storage container in a regular, trouble-free and pressurised manner to the burner. At least two sluice containers are transferred to at least one storage container by means of pneumatic dense-flow guide with solid material thicknesses of at least 100 kg/m3 and below a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar, such that the device parts can be arranged at the same geodetic heights or at different geodetic heights enabling the system to be have a compact and flexible structure. The invention also relates to a method for the continuous and regular supply of finely communited fuel in a coal gasification reactor.

Description

Nachfördersystem in a coal gasification reactor

The invention relates to a process for the controlled Nachförderung of fine-grained to dust-like fuel in a pressurized storage tank for a pressure gasification process, in the finely divided fuels or dusty (<0.5 mm) fuels, such as coal, petroleum coke, biological waste or fuels in suspension at low particle load (<50 kg / m ³ , no fluidized bed) are reacted with oxygen-containing gasification agents under elevated pressure at temperatures above the slag melting point.

In carrying out pressure gasification, a carbonaceous fuel is reacted with an oxygen-containing gas, wherein the oxygen-containing

Gas is supplied in substoichiometric ratio, so that one receives a carbon monoxide-containing product gas. If the reaction gas contains steam, the product gas has a synthesis gas character and contains larger amounts of hydrogen. In order to achieve as complete a conversion as possible under substoichiometric conditions, the fuel must be passed finely divided into the reactor. The reaction usually takes place under elevated pressure.

[0003] Since gasification reactions can only be operated economically if the operation is carried out continuously over a relatively long period of time, the inflowing, finely divided amount of fuel must be as constant as possible in the unit of time in order to ensure trouble-free operation. The introduction of the fuel to the required pressure level and the supply of the fuel under pressure is consistently a problem to be solved in coal gasification reactions. For this reason, coal gasification plants always include plant parts, whose task is to ensure a trouble-free supply of the reactor with fuel. These are usually special dosing tanks and based on gravity flow operated lock devices.

The use of dosing eliminates the pressure fluctuations that occur when filling the reactor, not always completely. This can lead to pressure fluctuations in the coal gasification reaction, whereby the synthesis gas changes in its composition over time. In particular, the discontinuous filling of the dosing from the pressure locks generates pressure fluctuations, which affects the serving as a driving force of the promotion between dosing and burner pressure difference unfavorable. Also, the introduction of the fuel by gravity flow, which is carried out in the supply of coal gasification reactors with fuel, is a potential source of error. Since the finely divided fuel can stick or graft depending on the nature and degree of dryness, the promotion is sometimes only in batches or is interrupted periodically unpredictably. In addition, gravity-based lock systems are often expensive to construct, since a superstructure of containers is necessary, between which a promotion is to take place.

Fuel injection systems according to the prior art are complex and not always reliable. In larger capacity systems, the physical separation of the grinding and gasification plant leads to a considerable additional expense for transporting the finely divided fuel from the grinding plant to the fuel feed system. This requires additional equipment (bucket or pneumatic pumps, filters, buffer tanks above the feed systems). There are still considerable expenses for piping, measuring and control technology, as well as for construction work, the latter in particular due to the exposed position of the buffer tanks at the highest level of the gasification plant. At the same time, sluice systems that operate on the principle of gravity flow have proven to be insufficiently reliable. Additional equipment in any case brings with it an additional risk of failure.

In addition to this well-known fact special functional risks associated with the principle of gravity transfer. Despite many different approaches, it has proved extremely difficult to carry out the process of container covering so gently that internal stresses in the bulk material are kept sufficiently low. In many cases, the bulk material is locally compacted in such a way that subsequently the gravity flow to the storage container does not or only to an insufficient extent. As a result, the solid inventory of the storage container decreases, which often leads to a performance restriction of the gasification plant or even to their failure.

The problem is exacerbated when overdimensioning due to high plant capacity encounters limits and when the gasification plant for further increased pressure (typically 4 MPa) compared to the systems in operation for some years (typically 2.5 MPa) is interpreted. Due to the gravity transfer from the lock tank into the storage tank arise, if the desired gravity flow sets, very large transfer mass flows and thus comparatively short transfer times. Due to the transfer of solids during the smuggling, the level in the receiving tank is raised. The level then decreases again continuously by the fuel quantity supplied to the burners and is raised again with the next lock transfer. This results in temporally changing conditions in the reservoir, which may even affect the uniformity of the promotion from the storage tank out. It is considerably more advantageous to keep both the pressure conditions, the level and the introduction of impulses into the bed, eg by falling good, as constant as possible over time.

The present invention solves these problems by a metering container containing the finely divided fuel under pressure and according to the invention has a nearly constant level with fuel. This almost constant filling level in the storage container is inventively by the Feststoffnachförderung from at least two lock containers via at least one shared Nachförderlei- device, which is suitable for dense phase promotion implemented. Since the secondary delivery line operates independently of gravity, it is also possible to set up the storage container and the conveying lock containers at different geodetic heights and also at a greater spatial distance from each other. This can also be in another building, for example.

Metering devices for fuel, which promote the fuel via a dosing with upstream Schleussystem in the reactor are known. US 5143521 A describes a system for delivering fuel to a pre-load vessel which stores pressurized fuel and which is continuously supplied with finely divided fuel by a system of lock vessels. The lock containers are connected by a line and are mutually pressurized. The pressure of the expansion gas can be used via a system of expansion turbines, Venturi tubes and compressors for pressing on the other lock container. In this way, finely divided coal can be brought from atmospheric conditions to a pressure suitable for coal gasification. As compressed gas, nitrogen is used.

DE 102005047583 A1 describes a method and a device for metering and supplying fuel dust under pressure into a coal gasification reactor. In order to ensure the constant supply of fuel to the coal to ensure sungsreaktor, the fuel is stored in a dosing, in the lower part by supplying gas above the bottom of the vessel creates a dense fluidized bed, through which the fuel is continuously fed via burner to a pressurized gasification reactor. The actual conveyance into the burners takes place by means of a so-called flight promotion, the supply of auxiliary gas into the delivery line behind the burner being used to generate a pressure difference with which the fuel is then transported into the burners. The dosing tank is supplied with fuel via two locks, which transport the fuel by gravity and a rotary valve into the dosing tank. However, this is susceptible to interference and requires spatially high constructions. A use of grinding devices is not mentioned.

[0013] The present invention describes an integrated process for comminuting a carbonaceous fuel, pressurizing the fuel with a suitable gas, distributing and transporting the fuel into a receiver, and feeding it to the reactor. The transport, the distribution of the fuel and the promotion in the reactor are carried out in a so-called Nachförderleitung by a dense phase conveying. Thus, the entire supply chain of the reactor can be made with fuel without gravity. The gasifier exit temperatures of the reactor are forthcoming Trains t above the slag melting point in the range 1200 - 2000 ⁰ C and the pressure is preferably 0.3 - 8 MPa.

[0014] The term dense phase conveying refers to a pneumatic conveying which does not transport the fuel particles as individual particles, but rather as dense flow conveying in the form of dense fillings or stoppers which fill the entire pipe cross section. As a rule, dense phase conveyors have velocities of 4 to 5 m / s, the high solids loading of the gas stream leading to a nevertheless high transport volume. The dense phase conveying is very gentle on materials and, above all, is less susceptible to interference when it comes to adhesive or moist goods to be transported. The present pneumatic dense phase conveying is preferably carried out at Feststoffdich- th of at least 100 kg / m ³ and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar.

Claimed is in particular a method for supplying finely divided fuels to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification with oxygen-containing gasification agents under pressure, wherein • the gasifier exit temperatures above the slag melting point in the range 1200 - 2000 ⁰ C. and the pressure is 0.3 - is 8 MPa,

• brought the finely divided fuel via a lock system to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure, passed to at least one Vorla- container and from there in the dense stream over at least one

Fuel line is metered fed to one or more gasification burners at one or more carburetors, and

• The transfer of at least two lock containers to at least one storage tank by means of a common, simultaneous or consecutively used pneumatic delivery line at solids densities of at least

100 kg / m ³ and under a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar.

In one embodiment of the method it is provided that the transfer of the lock containers is regulated to the or to the storage container via at least one connecting device and at least one union element, and the transfer of the union element to the storage container via individual connection devices or other union elements is made with transferring connection devices.

The transferring connection devices are designed, for example, as secondary delivery lines which are suitable for conveying dense flow. Through the installation of unifying elements behind the lock containers, the fuel is conveyed from the lock containers to the storage containers via a number of additional delivery lines, which is smaller than the number of lock containers. It is also possible to direct the solids from the outlets of the lock containers not directly into the union elements, but via connecting pieces, so that this first passes via lines in the union elements and then in the Nachförderleitung. Here, the number of combining elements is lower than the number of lock containers and they can be equal to the number of Nachförderleitungen. The union elements are arranged as close as possible to the outlet connection and as symmetrically as possible in order to ensure a trouble-free flow of solids.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the fuel is brought into a finely divided form with a mill or a suitable grinding device. For this purpose, the fuel can be provided in any form. It is possible to deliver the fuel already in finely divided form. In this Case, only the pressurization of the fuel and the transport into the reactor are claimed. In general, however, the milling process is an integral part of the method according to the invention, especially when the grinding device is in the vicinity of the reactor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Coal Milling and Drying Unit (CMD) is an integrated plant component of coal gasification.

To execute the lock function, the lock containers are pressurized with a gas. It can be used as an example recycled process gas. However, an inert gas can also be used for this purpose. The pressing is advantageously carried out with inert gases (for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide) or by means of process gases or recycle gases. In order to make the lock process advantageous, the covering of the lock container by supplied gas is preceded by a mutual partial covering of the lock container. To handle the process as constantly as possible, the lock containers are alternately loaded and unloaded.

In a further embodiment of the method, the grinding cycle is rendered inert and for inerting the grinding circuit, the expansion gases of the lock containers are used. These are regularly expanded to perform the lock function, wherein the case running gas can be advantageously recycled to the devices for grinding. This makes the process safe and keeps the operating costs of the plant low. The gas of the grinding circuit is further dedusted. For this purpose, a Staubabscheidevorrichtung is used. This can also be used to dedust the expansion gases of the lock container. In principle, the loading or expansion gas can be dedusted at any point of the process by a Staubabscheidevorrichtung.

The finely divided fuel is then preferably added to a reservoir. In this way, it is possible to store the fuel depending on the provision and temporarily buffer the flow of raw material. In this way, bottlenecks can be compensated, which are compensated by later replenishment.

For the execution of the method according to the invention are all solid carbonaceous fuels into consideration, which can be brought by crushing or crushing in a finely divided form. This can be, in particular, all types of coal, for which hard coal, lignite and, in principle, coal of all types of coal are suitable. As fuels but also biological fuels such as wood, biomass, and other fuels such as plastic waste and petroleum coke or mixtures suitable for it. In order to be able to carry out the process according to the invention, the fuels should only be able to be brought into a finely comminuted form which can be transported by dense phase conveying.

After the process of comminution and storage in the storage container, the solid is introduced into the sluice system, in which the solid is subjected to pressure by gas addition to carry out the gasification reaction. The reservoir is depressurized in a preferred embodiment of the invention. The promotion of the solid in the lock container is carried out advantageously by gravity.

The Schleussystem consists for the execution of the method according to the invention from at least two lock containers. This makes it possible to connect the emptying operations together, so that a nearly continuous flow of material takes place. In an advantageous embodiment, the lock containers are individually pressurized.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention two lock containers are used to ensure a continuous flow of material. As a result, the investment costs for the system are low. In a further embodiment of the invention, however, three or more lock containers can also be used. This makes sense especially at high plant throughputs.

It is possible to use several lock containers and several union elements. In principle, the device according to the invention can comprise lock containers and joining elements in any desired number. The number of lock containers depends on the throughput of the system. The number of union elements depends on the number of lock containers and on the number of secondary delivery lines. Here are different and in principle any number of arrangements possible. In principle, the combination of the lock containers and the association elements can be arbitrary. Any number of connection devices can be used for this purpose. Preferred connecting devices are pipelines. But also possible, for example, hoses or flanges. The type of spatial linkage can also be arbitrary.

After pressing the container, the fuel contained therein is dispensed metered and the pressure in the containers is then relaxed. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the expansion gas is used, to pressurize the next cyclic lock container partially with pressure. This can be done by direct introduction of the expansion gas into the aufzupressenden container to improve the efficiency.

In order to reduce the loading of the expansion gas with dust, the expanded gas is advantageously passed into the dust collector, which also serves to dedust the gas from the reservoir or from the grinding process. In principle, it is also possible to clean the gas with several independent dust collectors of solid dusts. In order to keep the investment costs low, it is advantageous to use only a dust collector.

The flow of material from the lock containers is fed via at least one unifying element and the Nachförderleitung the original container. In order to be able to use the advantage of the invention, the emptying of the lock containers takes place in succession so that a virtually continuous flow of fuel to the storage container is achieved. As a result, the following feed tank for the gasification reactor can be supplied with a continuous flow of material at a pressure suitable for the gasification reaction, the level in the feed tank remaining virtually constant. The fuel level in the storage tank can be adjusted with the advantageous embodiment of the method so that it varies in time by not more than ± 30%. In an expert implementation of the inventive method, it is readily possible to keep the filling height fluctuation in the feed container over a long period of time in a range of not more than ± 10%.

The fill level in the storage container can also be kept constant by controlling the subsequent delivery of the finely divided fuel from the lock containers by adapting the differential pressure between the lock and storage containers. The supply or removal of gas into the free space of the lock container influences the pressure difference between lock container and storage tank and is used as a controlled variable for the transport of solids.

The finely divided fuels preferably have a diameter which is less than 0.5 mm for carrying out the method. This is achieved by a grinding and crushing process. The solids discharge from the lock container can be assisted by adding gas into the lock container in the immediate vicinity of the outlet nozzle. The density in the Nachförderleitung will be advantageous by adding gas into the post-feed line or into the unifying element or both. The addition of gas can also be used at this point to flush the Nachförderleitung or the union element. The connecting pieces between the lock container and the union element can also be charged with gas.

The delivered at the outlet of the lock container conveying gas amount is recovered in an advantageous embodiment of the invention in the storage tank and returned by means of an injector into the lock tank. The recirculated conveying gas together with the propellant gas of the injector is used as replacement gas for the emptying lock container and thus also for maintaining the pressure of the lock container during the conveying process.

For certain requirements, it may also be advantageous that two or more lock containers simultaneously or temporarily deliver solid in a delivery line. The gas equalization between the containers can then advantageously take place via a gas connection line between the containers.

The process according to the invention may also include processes which are subsequent processes of the coal gasification process according to the invention. Also included in the process of the invention are process steps necessary for routine operation of the reactor. These can be, for example, cleaning steps. But these can also be supporting process steps such as the supply of gas to loosen the plug. Also possible are method steps for measuring parameters such as fill levels, flow rates, pressures or the temperature. In particular, the invention also describes a device with which this method can be carried out. For this purpose, all system parts which are necessary for the operation of a coal gasification process according to the invention can be located in the device according to the invention.

It is also claimed a device for supplying solid fuels in a reactor for gasification of solid fuels, comprising

A grinding device, a dust separator,

• a reservoir, • at least two lock containers,

At least one connecting device for dense phase conveying,

• a storage container,

• a gasification reactor, where

The grinding device is connected to a storage container via connecting devices, a dust separator being located between the grinding device and the storage container, and

• the reservoir is connected to the lock containers by connecting devices suitable for gravity or dense phase conveying, and

• The lock containers are connected via shared connecting devices, which are suitable as Nachförderleitung for dense phase conveying, with a storage tank and this storage tank is connected via other fuel lines to the gasification reactor.

The dense phase conveying from the lock system to the storage tank allows to set up the storage tank at the same or different geodetic height as the lock system. In the case of the previously known gravity lock systems, it is imperative that the lock containers are located above the storage container. By this measure, the overall height of the entire system can be significantly reduced. It is also possible to accommodate the lock system and the storage tank and the reactor in different buildings. It is also an advantage of the invention to be able to select lower heights for the corresponding equipment. The arrangement of the various plant components can be arbitrary, so that one is flexible in the spatial planning of the plant.

The transfer of the fuel from the lock containers to or to the storage container via at least one connecting device and at least one union element, and the transfer of the union element to the storage tank via individual Nachförderleitungen for dense stream promotion. The transfer from the lock container to the storage containers can be carried out via further linking elements with transferring connecting devices. Depending on the embodiment of the method, it is possible to use 2 or more lock container for pressing the fuel. This is particularly useful in systems with high fuel flow rates or when higher pressures must be pressed onto the lock system. The lock containers are connected on the input side to a storage container which conveys the fuel into the lock containers both by means of dense phase conveying and by gravity feed. For this purpose, a rotary valve or a material switch may be present at a suitable point between the reservoir and the lock containers. There may also be intermediate container, transmit bulbs or gas feed devices between the reservoir and the lock containers.

To supply the coal gasification plant with fuel, the plant may also contain a grinding device or a mill. This can be of any kind. Finally, the mill may also include additional crushers such as wood choppers or coal crushers. The mill or crushing device can also be acted upon by gas or be inertizable. The lock containers are spatially integrated in a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention in the grinding system and are filled from at least one reservoir for finely divided, dried fuel in the gravity flow.

To carry out the method according to the invention, the lock system consists of two or more lock containers, which can be pressurized from the outside. The lock system is connected at the rear with a reservoir, which supplies the lock system by gravity with finely divided fuel. The conveyance of the solid or the transport of solids is advantageously influenced by the introduction of gas, so that gas introduction devices can be located at any point of the sluice system, the dense flow conveying lines or the receiver, via which the delivery or the solids transport is influenced.

The lock containers can be of any kind. These can be made as a cylinder or as a ball. Preferably, the lock containers are equipped with downwardly extending discharge cones whose angles are predetermined by the bulk material properties, so that bridging is counteracted and a uniform flow of material is ensured. That's why they ideally run downhill. The execution of the fuel then takes place downward in the direction of gravity. Also, the reservoir and the subsequent storage tank are preferred shaped like that. The lock containers have inlet valves, through which the lock containers are pressurized. The lock containers are equipped according to the prior art with nozzles, shut-off and control valves to regulate the flow of solids to be stripped and stretched or to perform pressure equalization can.

The expanded gases can be added in an advantageous embodiment of the invention back into the grinding device and / or in the reservoir for the fuel. In order to remove dust from the gas before it leaves the system or recirculate it for use inside the system, the lines preferably pass through dust collectors. This separates the dust and leads them to an orderly disposal or leads him, for example, back to the reservoir. In principle, devices can be located at any point of the sluice system, the dense phase conveying line, the fuel lines or the expansion lines, with which the gas stream can be freed from solid matter or from dusts. It is therefore advantageous to connect the lock container with the storage tank on the gas side.

The lines may contain gas introduction devices at any point. These may be, for example, so-called "boosters." In particular, solids handling devices that are likely to become caked, clogged, or bridged may include additional gas introduction devices that can loosen up the solids any point introducing devices for gas included.

At the material discharge of the lock containers there is then a connecting piece which guides the material flow from the lock containers to the joining element. The devices mentioned must be designed for high pressures, since the fuel is at a pressure level above that of the gasification reactor during the entire conveying process from the lock tank to the receiver tank. To allow a controlled flow of material, the lock containers are advantageously mounted so that they are arranged symmetrically to the merge element, so that connecting pieces between the lock containers and the merge element are preferably the same length.

The union elements can in principle be of any kind. Preferably, these are devices that perform the function of mixing elements take. Examples of suitable joining elements are shown in EP 340 419 B1, where the elements shown there are reversed in their function and are used here as joining elements. These can be any type of pipe, preferably hoses or flanges.

Also, the connecting devices or the joining element can be applied advantageously for the material distribution with gas. If several unifying elements are used, they can also be subjected to gas individually. For this purpose, a gas introduction device is preferably located on the union element. Also, the storage container contains in one embodiment of the invention devices for pressing gas or gas introduction devices.

The pipe for supplying solid material into the storage tank usually ends above the solids bed and can be carried out depending on the bulk material properties in one embodiment of the invention, even below the solids level in the storage tank. Since the solids level for the advantageous embodiment of the method is subject to only slight fluctuations, this may be in a lower or central height position of the storage container. As a result, with good gas retention capacity of the solid, a lower bulk density in the receiver tank can be realized, which reduces the additional gas requirement for the delivery to the burners.

The device according to the invention can at any point contain plant parts which are required for the operation of a supply device for solid fuels. These can be pumps, but these can also be heating or cooling devices. These include valves or shut-off devices. These can in principle be attached at any point. The construction of injectors is possible. For this purpose, for example, so-called "boosters" (gas inducers) can be used, but gas jet pumps are also possible. <br/> <br/> Finally, the device according to the invention also includes thermometers or flow sensors for gases and solids, pressure sensors, fill level measuring devices or other measuring devices.

Due to the construction method with the dense phase conveying of the lock containers and the storage container, it is possible to design the entire construction of the system in a low construction. The system parts can be through the gravity-independent promotion can be set up in any way. This system significantly reduces space requirements. Through the system of multiple lock container and the upstream storage container and the constantly filled storage tank can be a trouble-free and time-constant delivery of fuel into the storage tank reach, even over a longer period. This serves the plant security and allows a consistently high product quality.

The device according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two drawings, wherein the embodiment is not limited to these drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the process flow of a coal gasification plant equipped with a fuel supply device according to the invention. The fuel 1 is delivered and enters a mill or a suitable grinding device 2. The finely divided fuel is then passed through a dust separator 3 through the fuel line 3a into a reservoir 4. There, the fuel is stored intermediately. Thereafter, the fuel enters the lock container 5. These are arranged twice in the example shown 5a, 5b. The lock containers 5 serve to pressurize the fuel by gas supply. For this purpose, 5 inlet devices for gas 6a, 6b o- above the bed and introduction devices for gas 6'a, 6'b are at the lock containers 5 in the bed. Between the lock containers 5 is a compensation line 7, which can be opened if necessary. From the lock containers 5, an expansion line 8 leads to the relaxation of the pressure over which the expanded gas can be used completely or only partially for inerting in the grinding device 2. However, the expanded gas can also be used for inerting the reservoir 4. In order to bring the recirculating gas 8c of the grinding device 2 recirculated by means of the blower 8b to suitable temperatures, a heat exchanger 8d or another suitable device for supplying heat may be present in the line. After the lock containers 5 a, 5 b, the finely divided fuel is carried out via corresponding connecting devices 9 a, 9 b and enters a joining element 10. The joining element 10 can also be supplied with gas via a gas line 11. The finely divided material then passes by Nachförderleitung 12 into a storage container 13th

In the case of FIG. 1 exemplary embodiment, two lock containers 5a, 5b use a subsequent delivery line 12 via the joining element 10. Proceeds advantageously in such a way that the lock containers 5a, 5b alternately feed the solid via the joining element 10 in the Nachförderleitung 12 of dense phase conveying. In order to minimize the bridging time for switching between the lock containers 5a, 5b and to achieve an almost complete solids transport, it is advantageous to couple both lock containers 5a, 5b in a temporally overlapping manner to the joining element 10 during the switching operation. For this purpose, a pressure equalization between one, already almost empty and the other, still completely filled lock container 5a, 5b on the proposed compensation line 7 is helpful. Of course, the described procedure is also possible and advantageous with more than two lock containers 5. In the case of more than two lock containers 5 results in addition to the possibility of the expansion gas of that lock container 5, which has just been conveyed empty and must now be relaxed to absorb solid from the unpressurized reservoir 4, in a still pressureless lock container 5 to its partial Cover to use. In the connecting device 9a, 9b are two valves (not shown), one in the vicinity of the container outlet, one in the vicinity of the unifying element 10. After a lock container 5 has been emptied to a minimum level and in the vicinity of the unifying element 10 by fitting of Unification element 10 has been shut off, a purging or blowing out by gas inlet 9'a, 9'b the connecting device 9a, 9b makes sense before the second valve is closed.

In the storage tank 13 there is ideally a constant level level 13a. The pressure level of the reservoir 13 can be kept constant by means of excess gas 21 or feed gas 22 by means of gas displacement method. From the storage tank 13, the solid reaches the coal gasification reactor 15 via fuel lines 14a, 14b with one or more burners 16a, 16b. The entire device for supply of solid fuel is located here in a separate part of the plant, the building of the grinding plant 17a. The coal gasification reactor 15 is located together with the storage tank 13 in another part of the building, the building of gas generation 17b.

The already mentioned advantages of the invention, which consist in particular in a considerable reduction of the number of equipment, the overall height and thus the investment costs as well as in an increased operational safety, are paid for by a moderate increase in the demand for stringing gas. This is due to the fact that the part of the dense phase conveying of the solid in the post-feed line 12 used gas, which was used for dilution under the prevailing in the reservoir 13 solid density, can not be used as excess gas for feeding into the coal gasification reactor 15, see FIG. 2. If there are no additional facilities, this part must be released unused as surplus gas 21. At the same time, a much larger amount of gas is needed as a substitute for the volume of solids removed ("replacement") in the lock vessel 5, which is active as a sending vessel. It is therefore advisable to reduce the gas demand by returning the excess gas 21 from the feed tank 13 as return gas 20 to the lock tank and using it there for the partial substitution of the replacement gas requirement. This can be done by means of a blower or other device to increase the pressure. Due to the low differential pressure to be overcome between the reservoir 13 and lock container 5 at the same time as high system pressure, an injector 18, in particular a gas jet pump, is suitable for this purpose. In addition, it is also capable of transporting dusty gas; dedusting is not required. The propellant used is the string gas supplied for the purpose of "replacement", which is available at significantly higher pressure. The pressure side of the injector 18 is switched to the respective active lock container 5. Under typical operating conditions, the portion of the return gas is about 25% of the replacement gas quantity. At the same time, the admission pressure of the propellant gas 23 is about 10 bar relative to the lock bunker, while the pressure of the return gas 20 is only about 1-2 bar above the pressure of the lock bunker. Those skilled in the art make it clear that the system "injector" 18 is fully functional under the conditions mentioned.

The gas recirculation is incorporated into the pressure control of the receiver tank 13 as follows: Starting from the consideration that excess gas 21 is to be removed from the feed tank 13 under constant operating conditions, the pressure increase in the feed tank 13 is avoided by the released gas quantity from the injector 18 sucked off and fed into the lock box 5. If the pressure in the storage tank 13 continues to increase, the excess flow is discharged as excess gas 21. This gas can optionally be used profitably, for. For example, for the substitution of purge gases which are fed to the gasification reactor at various points. If, in particular during the starting process, an increase in pressure of the reservoir 13 is required, which can not be realized via the excess gas 21, with closed valves in the lines for return gas 20 and excess gas 21, the shortage is provided by means of fresh feed gas 22. The string gas used as propellant gas 23 for the injector 18 is tracked via the pressure control of the lock container 5. Depending on the position of the throttle element in the propellant gas line, the propellant gas quantity is 70-100% of the replenishment gas requirement. The setpoint value of the lock bunker pressure is determined (or not shown) from a standing position in the storage tank 13 via a cascade (or not shown). For the state, a fixed setpoint (eg 50%) is given. When the setpoint value is exceeded, the value of the differential pressure between lock container 5 and receiver tank 13, which is predetermined by the controller cascade, is reduced so that the post-pumped solid mass flow decreases; if the setpoint value is undershot, an opposite controller intervention takes place.

3 to 8 show by way of example arrangements with a different number of lock containers 5 and union elements 10. These are linked in various ways via pipelines.

FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention comprising three lock containers 5 and one joining element 10, each lock container 5 being connected to the joining element 10 via a connecting device 9, and the joining element 10 being connected to the feed container 13 via a feed line 12. The joining element 10 can be acted upon with gas via the gas line 11.

FIG. 4 shows a device according to the invention comprising three lock containers 5 and two joining elements 10, two lock containers 5 being connected to the first joining element 10a via connecting devices 9a, 9b, and the first joining element 10a being connected to the second joining element 10b via a further connecting device, and the third lock container 5 is connected directly to the second joining element 10 b via a connecting device 9 c, and the second joining element 10 b is connected to the feed container 13 via a feed line 12.

FIG. 5 shows a device according to the invention comprising four lock containers 5 and three joining elements 10, two lock containers 5 being connected via connecting devices 9a-9d, each having a joining element 10, and these joining elements 10 being connected to the third joining element 10c via further connecting devices 9e, 9f are, and the third union element 10c is connected via a Nachförderleitung 12 with the storage tank 13. FIG. 6 shows a device according to the invention comprising six lock containers 5 and two joining elements 10, three lock containers 5 being connected via connecting devices 9, each with one joining element 10, and these joining elements 10 being connected to the storage container 13 via separate feed lines 12a, 12b ,

FIG. 7 shows a device according to the invention comprising eight lock containers 5 and two joining elements 10, four lock containers 5 being connected via connecting devices 9a, 9b each having a joining element 10, and these joining elements 10 being connected to the feed container 13 via separate feed lines 12 ,

FIG. 8 shows a device according to the invention comprising eight lock containers 5 and three joining elements 10, four lock containers 5 each being connected via connecting devices 9 to one joining element 10a, 10b each, and these joining elements 10a, 10b via further connecting devices 9 to the connecting device third joining element 10c are connected, and the third joining element 10b is connected via a Nachförderleitung 12 with the storage tank 13.

[0064] List of Reference Numerals

1 fuel

2 grinding device

3 dust collectors

3a fuel line

4 storage containers

5,5a, 5b lock container

6,6a, 6b Gas introduction device

6'a, 6'b introduction device for gas

7 compensation line

8 relaxation line

8a expansion gas line

8b blower

8c cycle gas

8d heat exchanger

9a-9f connecting devices θ'a.θ'b gas introduction

10, 10a-10c union elements

11 gas line

12, 12a, 12b Nachförderleitung

13 storage tank

13a level level

14a, 14b fuel lines

15 coal gasification reactor

16a, 16b burner

17a building of the grinding plant

17b building of gas production

18 injector

19 gas

20 return gas

21 surplus gas

22 feed gas

23 propellant

Δp pressure as controlled variable

PC pressure regulators

Claims

claims

An apparatus for supplying solid fuel to a reactor for gasification of solid fuels

A grinding device (2),

A dust separator (3),

A reservoir (4),

At least two lock containers (5),

A connecting device (12) for dense phase conveying,

• a storage tank (13), • a gasification reactor (15), wherein

The grinding device (2) is connected to a storage container (4) via connecting devices, a dust separator (3) being located between the grinding device (2) and the storage container (4),

characterized in that

• The reservoir (4) via connecting devices, which are suitable for gravity or dense phase conveying, with the lock containers (5) is connected, and

• the lock containers (5) via shared connecting devices (12), which are suitable as Nachförderleitung (12) for dense phase conveying, with a storage tank (13) and this storage tank is connected via further fuel lines (14) with the gasification reactor (15) ,

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer from the lock containers (5) to or to the storage container (13) via at least one connecting device (9) and at least one union element (10), and the transfer of the union element (10) to the storage container (13) via individual Nachförderleitungen (12) for dense flow promotion or other union elements (10) with transferring connecting devices (9e, f) is made.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises three lock container (5) and a combining element (10), wherein each individual lock container (5) via a connecting device (9) with the union element (10) is connected, and Unification element (10) via a further connecting device (12) with the storage container (13) is connected.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises three lock container (5) and two union elements (10), wherein two lock container (5) via connecting devices (9a, 9b) are connected to the first union element (10a), and the first joining element (10a) is connected to a second joining element (10b) via a further connecting device (9c), and the third lock container (5) is connected directly to the second joining element (10b) via a connecting device, and the second joining element (10b ) is connected via a further connecting device (12) with the storage container (13).

5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises four lock containers (5) and three joining elements (10), wherein two lock containers (5) are connected via connecting devices (9a-9d) each having a joining element (10), and these joining elements (10) are connected to the third joining element (10c) via further connecting devices (9e, 9f), and the third joining element (10c) is connected to the receiving vessel (13) via a further connecting device (12).

6. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises six lock containers (5) and two joining elements (10), wherein in each case three lock containers (5) are connected via connecting devices (9) each with a connecting element (10), and these unifying elements

(10) via separate connection devices (12a, 12b) are connected to the storage container (13).

7. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises eight lock containers (5) and two joining elements (10), wherein in each case four lock containers (5) via connecting devices (9) each having a

Unification element (10) are connected, and these unifying elements (10) are connected via separate connecting devices (12) with the storage container (13).

8. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device comprises eight lock container (5) and three union elements (10), wherein each four lock containers (5) via connecting devices (9) each having a

Unification element (10a, 10b) are connected, and these unifying elements (10a, 10b) are connected via further connecting devices (9) with the third unification element (10b), and the third unification element (10b) via a further connecting device (12) with the storage container (13).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lock containers (5a, 5b) are spatially integrated into the grinding plant (1) and are filled from at least one reservoir (4) for finely divided, dried fuel.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lock system (5) consists of two or more lock containers, which can be pressurized from the outside.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lock system (5) is connected at the rear with a reservoir (4), which supplies the Schleus sens system by gravity with finely divided fuel.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the lock container (5) and the original container (13) are connected on the gas side by at least one connecting line (20).

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at any selectable points of the lock system (5), the Dichtstromförder- lines, the gas-side connecting lines (20) or the receiving container (13) one or more introduction devices for gas on which the transport or the transport of solids can be influenced.

14. A device for introducing gas according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one of the gas introduction devices is an injector (18).

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at arbitrarily selectable points of the lock system (5), the expansion lines (7,8,8a), the return lines (20) or the discharge lines (21) are devices, with which the gas stream can be freed of solid or dusts.

16. A method for supplying finely divided fuels to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification with oxygen-containing gasification agents under pressure, wherein

• the gasifier exit temperatures above the slag melting point in the range 1200 - 2000 ⁰ C. and the pressure is 0.3 - is 8 MPa,

• and brought the finely divided fuel via a lock system (5) to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure, passed to at least one storage tank (13) and from there in the dense stream over at least one fuel line (14) one or more gasification burners (16) is metered at one or more carburettors (15), and

characterized in that

• the transfer of at least two lock containers (5a, 5b) to at least one feed tank (13) by means of jointly, simultaneously or successively used pneumatic Nachförderleitung at solid densities of at least 100 kg / m ³ and under a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar.

17. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the expansion gases (8) of the lock container (5) are used at least partially for the inertization of the grinding circuit.

18. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the Staubabscheidevorrichtung (3) of the grinding plant also for dedusting the expansion gases (8a) of the lock container (5) is used.

19. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the covering by supplied gas (6a, 6b) at least a mutual partial covering of the lock container (5a, 5b) precedes.

20. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the fuel is conveyed from the lock containers (5) to the storage containers (13) via a number of Nachförderleitungen (12), which is less than the number of lock containers ( 5).

21. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the solid from the outlet of each lock container (5) via a connecting piece (9a, 9b) to unification elements (10) and then in the Nachförderleitung ( 12), wherein the number of combining elements is lower than the number of lock containers and at least equal to the number of Nachförderleitungen.

22. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the union elements (10) as close to and preferably symmetrical to the outlet clip of the lock container (5) are arranged.

23. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that at times two lock containers (5) supply the Nachförderleitung (12) simultaneously with solid.

24. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, character- ized in that the storage container (13) is spatially integrated into the building of the grinding plant.

25. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the geodetic erection height of the lock container (5) is smaller than the installation height of the storage container (13).

26. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the Nachförderleitung (12) opens below the solid boundary surface in the storage container (13).

27. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the diameter of the solid, fine-grained fuels is less than 0.5 mm.

28. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, character- ized in that the Nachförderung from the lock containers (5) by adjusting the differential pressure between lock and storage tank is controlled so that the level in the storage tank (13) kept constant becomes.

29. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that by adding or removing gas (6a, 6b) in the free space of the lock container, the pressure difference between the lock container (5) and

Reservoir (13) influenced and used as a controlled variable for the transport of solids.

30. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that by the addition of gas (6'a, 6'b) in the lock container in the immediate vicinity of the outlet nozzle of the solids discharge is supported.

31. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the density in the Nachförderleitung (12) by adding gas (1 1) in the Nachförderleitung (12) and / or in the Vereinigungsele- element (10) is set.

32. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the Nachförderleitung (12) by adding gas (9'a, 9'b) in the Nachförderleitung (12) itself and / or in the unification element (10 ) can be rinsed.

33. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that the connecting pieces (9a, 9b) between the lock container (5) and the connecting element with gas (9'a, 9'b) are acted upon.

34. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to claim 16, character- ized in that at the outlet of the lock container (5) supplied

Conveying gas quantity (6'a, 6'b) recovered in the storage container (13) and returned by means of a pressure-increasing device in the lock container (5).

35. A method for supplying finely divided fuels according to claim 16, characterized in that at the outlet of the lock container (5) supplied conveying gas amount (6'a, 6'b) recovered in the storage container (13) and by means of an injector (18) is returned to the lock container (5).

36. A method for feeding finely divided fuels according to any one of claims 34 or 35, characterized in that for driving the injector (18) the pressure maintaining the lock container (5) ensuring propellant gas (23) is used.