KR101659096B1 - Re-delievery system in a coal gasification reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously feeding finely pulverized fuel material to a coal gasification plant, wherein the fuel is first stored in a storage tank and then transferred to a lock hopper system where a gas for coal gasification And the lock hopper system is composed of at least two lock hoppers to achieve continuous gas injection, the fuel is then passed into a supply tank with a constant charge level over a given period of time, Smooth and pressurized flow from the at least two lock hoppers to the at least one feed tank at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m3 and a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > space-saving < / RTI & The plant components to achieve makes it possible to place in or at different geodetic heights in the same geodetic height. The present invention also relates to a process for continuously and uniformly feeding finely pulverized fuel to a coal gasification reactor.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a continuous fuel supply system for a coal gasification reactor,

The present invention relates to a method for continuously feeding fine particles into a powdered fuel material in a controlled manner in a pressurized feed tank in a pressure gasification process wherein the finely pulverized or pulverized (<0.5 mm) coal Fuel materials such as petroleum coke, biological wastes or fuels can be treated with a low particle load (< 50 kg / m &lt; 3 &gt;; no fluidised bed )). &Lt; / RTI &gt;

In the course of the pressure gasification process, the carbon-containing fuel material is converted by the oxygen-containing gas, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied at the substoichiometric ratio to obtain the carbon monoxide-containing product gas. When the reaction gas contains water vapor, the product gas has syngas characteristics and contains most of the hydrogen. To achieve the full conversion possible under sub-stoichiometric conditions, the fuel material must be fed to the reactor in finely divided conditions. The reaction usually takes place under elevated pressure.

Since the gasification reactions operate economically only when operating continuously for extended periods of time, the amount of finely pulverized fuel material supplied per unit time should be kept as constant as possible to ensure trouble-free operation. The transport of fuel materials and the supply of fuel materials under pressure at the required pressure levels are yet to be addressed in the coal gasification reaction. For this reason, coal gasification plants always include plant facilities that function to ensure that fuel is supplied to the reactor without problems. Such a facility typically consists of a special dosing tank and a lock hopper (lockable (adjustable) hopper) assembly operated by gravity flow.

The use of dosing tanks is not always a means to completely eliminate the pressure changes that occur when the reactor is filled. This can result in a pressure change during the coal gasification reaction that will temporarily change the composition of the syngas. Particularly discontinuous filling of the dosing tank from a pressure lock results in a pressure change which has a disadvantageous effect on the pressure difference acting as the driving force for transport between the dosing tank and the burner.

Introducing fuel material by gravity flow, such as is done when supplying fuel material to a coal gasification reactor, is also a source of potential problems. Transporting will often only proceed in bulk or with unexpected periodic interruptions because finely pulverized fuel materials can clog or block depending on their quality and degree of drying. Also, because the tanks to be transported between them must be placed on top of each other, a gravity flow based lock hopper system often requires a complex design solution.

Prior art fueling systems are cost intensive and operation is not always reliable. In the case of large capacity plants, the spatial separation of the grinding unit and the gasification unit involves considerable additional expenditure in connection with the transport of finely pulverized fuel materials from the grinding unit to the fuel supply system. This makes it necessary to provide additional equipment (transport container or pneumatic pump on the supply system, filter, buffer tank). In addition, considerable expenditure is generated by piping, instrumentation and drying operations, the latter being due to the exposed location of the buffer tank, especially at the highest elevation of the gasification unit. Also, lock hopper systems operating according to the gravity flow principle have proven to be inadequately reliable in operation. Additional equipment will increase the risk of failure anyway.

In addition to this generally known fact, the principle of lock hopper gravity transport involves a special functional risk. Despite numerous and very diverse studies, it has proved extremely difficult to carry out the vessel pressurization process sufficiently carefully to keep the internal stress of the bulk material sufficiently low. In many cases, the bulk material may be locally filled to such an extent that gravity flow to the supply tank is not subsequently generated at all or only to an insufficient extent. Therefore, inventory of solid material in the feed tank is reduced, which often leads to limited power output or even to failure of the gasification unit.

If an oversized size due to high plant capacity confronts a drying limit and the gasification unit has to be designed for a higher pressure (typically 4 MPa) than the pressure of the units that have been operated for years (typically 2.5 MPa) , The problem becomes more serious.

When the required gravity flow is achieved, the lock hopper gravity feed from the lock hopper to the feed tank will generate a very high transport mass flow rate and thus will generate a relatively short transport time. Transport of solids during lock-hopper transfer will raise the charge level in the feed tank. The charge level will then decrease again by the amount of fuel supplied to the burner and will increase again by the next lock hopper transport operation. In this way, the supply tank can change conditions temporarily, which can even adversely affect the steady delivery from the supply tank. It is considerably more advantageous to keep the pressure conditions, the charge level and the pulsed transfer to the bulk filler, for example by the dropping-in material, as constant as possible over time.

The present invention solves these problems by a dosing tank comprising a finely pulverized fuel material under pressure and having a substantially constant fuel fill level in accordance with the present invention.

This nearly constant level of charge in the feed tank can be achieved in accordance with the present invention by continuously feeding the solid material from at least two lock hoppers through a continuous feed line used for at least one cavity suitable for dense-flow conveying (dense-flow conveying) Lt; / RTI &gt; Since the continuous supply line is not operated by gravity, it is also possible to install the supply tank and the supply lock hopper at different geodesic heights, and it is also possible to install, for example, in another building at a greater distance from each other.

Dosing devices for fuel materials that feed fuel material to a reactor via a dosing tank with an upstream lock hopper system are known. US 5143521 A describes a system for storing pressurized fuel material and feeding the fuel material into a feed tank in which the finely pulverized fuel material is continuously supplied by a system of lock hoppers. The lock hoppers are connected by a line and are alternately pressurized. The pressure of the inflation gas of one lock hopper can be used through the system of the compressor to pressurize the expansion turbine, the venturi tube and other lock hoppers. In this way, it is possible to adjust the pressure of the finely pulverized coal to a level suitable for coal gasification in atmospheric conditions. Nitrogen is used as a pressurizing gas.

DE 102005047583 A1 describes a plant and a method for dosing and feeding pulverized fuel material under pressure into a coal gasification reactor. In order to ensure a constant supply of fuel material to the coal gasification reactor over a given period of time, the fuel is stored in the dosing tank in the middle, and a dense fluid bed is fed to the bottom of the dosing tank, Through which the pulverized fuel material is continuously supplied to the pressurized gasification reactor through the burner. The actual supply to the burner is realized by so-called high-speed delivery and the supply of the auxiliary gas to the supply line located downstream of the burner is used to generate the pressure difference whereby the fuel material is subsequently transported to the burner. The dosing tank is supplied with fuel material from two locks that transport the fuel material by a star feeder into the gravity and dosing tanks. However, this is prone to failure and requires high-level structures. The use of a grinding device is not mentioned.

The present invention describes an integrated process for pulverizing fuel materials containing carbon, pressurizing the fuel with a suitable gas, distributing and transporting the fuel to the feed tank and feeding it to the reactor. The transportation and distribution of the fuel and the supply to the reactor are realized by dense-flow conveying in a so-called continuous supply line. In this way, the complete fuel supply chain of the reactor can be performed without gravity flow. The gasification reactor outlet temperature is preferably above the slag melting point within the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C and the pressure is preferably between 0.3 and 8 MPa.

In this context, dense-flow conveying does not convey fuel material particles as discrete particles, but concentrate flows (dense flow) in the form of dense plugs or packings that fill the entire cross- dense-flow. The concentrated flow transport flow rate is generally between 4 and 5 m / s, and a high transport volume is achieved despite the high solid load of the gas flow. Concentrated flow transport is characterized by the smooth transport of the material, with little failure, especially by adhesive or humid transport materials. The present pneumatic dense flow conveying process is preferably carried out at a solid density of at least 100 kg / m &lt; 3 &gt; and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar.

A method for supplying a finely pulverized fuel material to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification by a gasifying agent with oxygen under pressure, wherein

The gasifier outlet temperature is in the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C above the slag melting point and the pressure is between 0.3 and 8 MPa,

And the finely pulverized fuel material is pressurized to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure through the lock system and transported to at least one supply tank from which at least one of the one or more gasifiers, Is further dosed into a condensation flow with a gasification burner, and

- Transport from at least two lock hoppers to at least one feed tank, using pneumatic continuous feed lines at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar, jointly, simultaneously or continuously Is carried out by means of a computer.

In an embodiment of the method, the transfer from the lock hopper to the supply tanks or tanks is controlled by at least one connection device and at least one unifying element, Are implemented by separate coupling devices or by additional coupling members with transport coupling devices.

The transport connection device is illustratively designed as a continuous supply line suitable for dense flow transport. By installing an integrated member downstream of the lock hopper, the fuel material is carried from the lock hopper to the supply tank through a smaller number of continuous feed lines than the number of lock hoppers. It is also possible that the solid material passes through the connecting member without directing it from the outlet of the lock hopper directly to the integrated member, thus passing first through the line to the integrated member and then into the continuous supply line. Here, the number of integration members is less than the number of lock hoppers, which may be equal to the number of continuous supply lines. The integral member is provided as close as possible to the exit nozzle and is disposed symmetrically thereto as possible to ensure smooth solid flow.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the fuel material is treated in a finely pulverized form by means of a mill or a suitable grinding apparatus. To this end, the fuel material may be available in any form. It is possible to deliver the finely pulverized fuel material already. In this case, pressurization of the fuel material and transport to the reactor are only required. However, the milling process is an indispensable part of the process according to the present invention, especially when the milling apparatus is arranged spatially adjacent to the reactor. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coal milling and drying (CMD) unit is an integral part of the coal gasification plant.

To carry out the transport function, the lock hopper is pressurized with gas. For example, a recycled process gas is used. It is also possible to use an inert gas. The pressurization is advantageously performed with an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide) or is carried out by a process gas or a recycle gas. In order to advantageously form the transportation process, the mutual partial pressurization of the lock hopper precedes the pressurization of the lock hopper by the supplied gas. To keep process conditions as constant as possible, the lock hopper is alternately pressurized and depressurized.

In a further embodiment of the method, the crushing circuit is covered with an inert gas and an inflation gas from the lock hopper is used to cover the crushing circuit with an inert gas. The latter is depressurized at regular intervals in order to carry out the transportation process, where the discharged gas can be recycled to the grinding apparatus. This makes the process reliable in operation and keeps plant operating costs at a reasonable level. The gas in the crushing circuit is additionally removed from the dust. To this end, a dust separator is used which can be used to remove dust from the inflating gas from the lock hopper. Pressurization or inflation gases can basically be dust removed by a dust separator anywhere in the process.

The finely pulverized fuel material is then preferably fed into the feed tank. In this way it is possible to store the fuel material according to availability and buffer the raw material flow temporarily. It is therefore possible to adjust the bottleneck compensated by later recharging.

In order to carry out the process according to the invention, any solid, carbonaceous fuel material which can be divided into small particles by milling or grinding can be used. They can be all kinds of carbon in particular, and anthracite, lignite and basically all carbonized type coal are suitable. Biomass fuel materials such as wood, biomass, and other fuel materials such as plastic waste and petroleum coke or mixtures thereof are suitable as fuel materials. In order to carry out the process according to the invention, it must be possible to pulverize the fuel material into a finely divided form suitable for concentrated flow conveyance.

Following the milling process and storage in the feed tank, the solid material is passed to a lock hopper system where the solid material is pressurized with the supplied gas to effect the gasification reaction. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supply tank is atmospheric. The transport of the solid material to the lock hopper is advantageously carried out by gravity.

To carry out the method according to the invention, the lock hopper system consists of at least two lock hoppers. In this way, it is possible to connect the discharge operation continuously and to ensure almost continuous material flow. In an advantageous embodiment, the lock hopper is individually pressurized.

In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, two lock hoppers are used to ensure continuous material flow. Therefore, the investment cost of the plant is lowered. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to use three or more lock hoppers. This is especially recommended for high plant throughput.

It is possible to use a plurality of lock hoppers and a plurality of integration members. In principle, the installation according to the invention can be made up of any number of lock housings and integral members. The number of lock hoppers is determined by the throughput of the plant. The number of integration members is determined by the number of lock hoppers and the number of continuous supply lines. In theory, any number of different arrangements are possible. The interconnecting of the lock hopper and the integral member can also be performed essentially as required. Any number of connecting devices may be used for this purpose. A preferred connection device is a pipeline. For example, hoses or flanges are also possible. The format of the spatial interconnection can also be selected as required.

Following tank pressurization, the contained fuel material is discharged in a fixed amount and then the pressure in the tank is expanded. In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the inflation gas is used to partially press the next lock hopper in the cycle. In order to increase the efficiency, this can be realized by introducing the inflation gas directly into the tank to be pressurized.

In order to reduce the dust load of the inflation gas, the inflation gas is advantageously introduced into the dust separator which is also used to remove dust from the gas from the storage tank or the grinding process. In principle, it is also possible to clean the gas by several independent dust separators to remove solid matter dusts. In order to keep investment costs low, it is advantageous to use only one dust separator.

The material flow from the lock hopper is transported to the feed tank via at least one integral member and a continuous feed line. In order to take advantage of the present invention, the lock hopper is emptied in turn and an almost continuous fuel material flow to the feed tank is achieved. In this way, a continuous feed of material at a pressure suitable for the gasification reaction can be fed into the next feed tank for the gasification reactor, and the charge level of the feed tank is kept almost constant. The charge level of the fuel material in the feed tank may be adjusted according to an advantageous embodiment of the method so that it does not vary by more than +/- 30% over a given period of time. When the method according to the invention is carried out by a specialist, it is easily possible to keep the charge level change of the supply tank within a range of not more than +/- 10% over an extended period of time.

The charge level of the feed tank may also be kept constant by controlling the continuous supply of finely pulverized fuel material from the lock hopper by adjusting the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the feed tank. The inlet or outlet of the gas into the free space of the lock hopper affects the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the supply tank and is used as a control parameter for transporting the solid material.

To carry out the method, the finely pulverized fuel material preferably has a particle size of 0.5 mm or less. This is achieved in the grinding and grinding process. The discharge of solid material from the lock hopper can be facilitated by the addition of gas into the lock hopper immediately adjacent to the discharge nozzle. The density in the continuous feed line can be advantageously adjusted by adding gas into the continuous feed line or into the integrated member or both. The addition of gas at this point may also be used to clean the continuous feed line or the integral member. Gas can also be supplied to the connecting member between the lock hopper and the integrated member.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the volume of carrier gas fed to the outlet of the lock hopper is recovered in the feed tank and returned to the lock hopper by the injector. The returned carrier gas and the propellant gas from the injector are used as a replacement gas to empty the lock hopper and thus to maintain the pressure of the lock hopper during the conveying process.

To meet any requirement, it may be advantageous for two or more lock hoppers to simultaneously or temporarily discharge solid material into the conveying line. The gas balance between the feed hoppers can advantageously be achieved by gas connection lines between the lock hoppers.

The process according to the invention may also comprise processes which are subsequent processes of the coal gasification process according to the invention. The process according to the invention may also include process steps required for routine operation of the reactor. For example, they may be cleaning steps. These may also be support process steps such as the supply of gas to relieve (release) the plug. Charge level, flow rate, pressure, or temperature. In particular, the present invention also describes a facility for carrying out this method. The plant according to the invention may comprise all the plant units necessary for operating a coal gasification plant according to the method of the present invention.

An apparatus used to supply a solid fuel material to a reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material,

- grinding equipment,

- dust separator,

- Storage tank,

- at least two lock hoppers,

- at least one connection device for concentrated flow conveyance,

- supply tank

- a gasification reactor, wherein

The grinding device is connected to the storage container by a connecting device, the dust separator is installed between the grinding device and the storage tank, and

The storage vessel is connected to the lock hopper via a connecting device suitable for gravity flow or concentrated flow conveyance, and

The lock hopper is connected to the feed tank by means of a jointly used connection device which is suitable as a continuous feed line for the condensation flow conveyance and which feed tank is connected to the gasification reactor via another fuel material line,

The facility is charged.

Concentrated flow (high density flow) from the lock hopper system to the feed tanks allows the feed tanks to be installed at the same or different geodetic heights as the lock hopper system. In the case of the gravity lock hopper system known so far, it was indispensable to install a lock hopper on the supply tank. By this means, it is possible to considerably reduce the drying height of the entire plant. It is also possible to place the lock hopper system, the feed tank and the reactor in a separate building. The present invention also includes the advantage that lower drying heights can be selected for each unit. Various plant components can be arranged as required, so that the spatial design of the plant can be performed flexibly.

Transport of the fuel material from the lock hopper to the supply tanks or tanks is achieved through at least one connecting device and at least one integral member and the transport from the integrative member to the supply tanks comprises a separate continuous supply line &Lt; / RTI &gt; Transport from the lock hopper to the feed tank may be accomplished through another integration member having a transport connection.

Depending on the embodiment of the method, two or more lock hoppers are used to pressurize the fuel material. This is especially recommended for plants with high fuel material throughput or when the lock hopper system is to be pressurized to higher pressures. The inlet side of the lock hopper is connected to the feed tank, which carries the fuel material into the lock hopper with the aid of both concentrated flow conveyance and gravity conveyance. To this end, a star feeder or material manifold may be installed at a suitable location between the storage tank and the lock hopper. It is also possible to provide an intermediate container, a spherical container or a gas supply device between the storage tank and the lock hopper.

The fuel material supply system of the coal gasification plant may also include a mill or grinder device which may be of any type required. The mill may also include an additional milling device, such as a mill for wood or a mill for coal. The mill or grinder may also be fed with gas or overlaid with inert gas. In a preferred embodiment of the plant according to the invention, the lock hopper is spatially integrated into the grinding unit and is charged by gravity flow from at least one storage vessel for finely pulverized fuel.

To carry out the method according to the invention, the lock hopper system consists of two or more lock hoppers which can be pressurized externally. The lock hopper system is connected to an upstream storage tank that supplies finely pulverized fuel material to the lock hopper system by gravity transport. The transport or transport of the solid material is advantageously influenced by the introduction of the gas and thus a gas introduction device which affects the transport or transport of the solid material is installed in any position of the lock hopper system, .

The lock hoppers may be of any desired design. The lock hopper may be provided in the form of a cylinder or a sphere. Preferably, the lock hopper is provided with a downstream discharge cone, the angle of which is determined by the nature of the bulk material, which neutralizes the arcuate shape and ensures a uniform material flow. For this reason, ideally the lock hopper tapers towards the bottom. Therefore, the fuel material escapes downward in the direction of gravity. Storage tanks as well as downstream supply tanks also have this desirable design. The lock hopper is provided with an inlet valve through which the lock hopper can be pressurized. Lock hoppers are provided with nozzles, shut-off valves and control valves according to the prior art, which control the flow of the solid material, function to decompress and pressurize, or perform pressure compensation.

An advantageous embodiment of the present invention is that the expanded gas can be recycled to the grinding apparatus and / or the fuel storage tank. Preferably, the lines are routed through the dust separator, before the gas is discharged from the system or to separate the dust from the gas prior to recycling for use in the plant. The dust separator separates the dust and, for example, sends it to the appropriate disposal site or recirculates it to the storage tank. It is theoretically possible to install a device that allows the gas flow to be separated from dust or solid material at any location in the lock hopper system, the condensed flow transport line, the fuel line or the expansion line. It is therefore advantageous to provide the gas side connection of the lock hopper and the supply tank.

The line may be provided with a gas introduction device at any desired location. The gas introducing device may be, for example, a so-called "booster ". However, in particular, the discharge device for solid materials with a tendency to caking, plugging or arching may include an additional gas introduction device whereby the solid material may loosen (loosen) (Or it can come out well). A gas introducing device may be provided at any location that is also required in the lock hopper.

In this case, the material outlet of the lock hopper is provided with a connecting member through which the material flow from the lock hopper is passed to the integrated member. These members must be designed for high pressure because the fuel is at a pressure level above the pressure level of the gasification reactor during the entire transport process from the lock hopper to the feed tank. To ensure controlled material flow, advantageously the lock hoppers are symmetrically disposed in the integration member such that the connection members between the lock hoppers and the integration member are preferably mounted to have the same length.

The integration member may have any type required. Preferably, the integration member is a device that takes on the function of a mixing element. The integral member may be, for example, a pipe manifold or a Y-manifold and may also be so-called "pipe headers ". Examples of suitable integral members are given in EP 340 419 B1; The members described herein are used as an integrated member with the function switched. The connecting device may also have any type required. Preferably, a pipe is used. Hoses or flanges are also possible.

The connecting device or the integrated member may also be advantageously provided with gas for mass dispensing. If a plurality of integral members are provided, gas may be provided to them individually. To this end, a gas introducing device is preferably provided in the integral member. In the embodiment of the present invention, the supply tank is also provided with a gas injection device or a gas introduction device.

The pipeline for feeding the solid material to the feed tank usually ends above the solid material charge level and can also enter the feed tank below the solid material level in embodiments of the present invention depending on the characteristics of the bulk material. The solid material level may be in the lower or middle elevation position of the feed tank, since the solid material level may only vary slightly if the process is operated in an advantageous manner. In this way it is possible to achieve a low bulk density in the feed tank if the solid material exhibits good gas retention properties, which reduces the additional amount of gas required to transport to the burner.

The equipment according to the invention can be provided at any place where the plant equipment required for the operation of the solid fuel supply system is required. This can be a pump, but can also be a heating or cooling device. Valves or shut-off devices may also be included. They can in theory be installed in any place. Integration of the injector is also possible. Here, for example, a so-called "booster" (gas injector) can be used, but a gas jet pump is also possible. Finally, the arrangement according to the invention may also comprise a flow sensor for a thermometer or gas and solid material, a pressure sensor, a level meter or other measuring devices.

The design type of dense-flow conveying from the lock hopper and from the feed tank makes it possible to dry the entire plant structure at a low height. Since the transport is independent of gravity, the plant installation can be installed at any desired location. With this system, space requirements can be reduced to a significant extent. Several systems of lock hoppers, upstream storage tanks and constant-level supply tanks make it possible to achieve trouble-free and very consistent transport to the fuel supply tanks over a given period of time, even over an extended period of time. This contributes to the reliability of the plant and ensures high quality products constantly.

The present invention has the effect of solving the problems of the prior art by means of a dosing tank comprising a finely pulverized fuel material under pressure and having a substantially constant fuel fill level in accordance with the present invention. In particular, the present invention makes it possible to dry the entire plant structure to a low height, and since the transport is independent of gravity, the plant facility can be installed at any desired location, so that the space requirement can be reduced to a considerable extent The system of several lock hoppers, upstream storage tanks and constant-level supply tanks also allows for trouble-free and very consistent transport to the fuel supply tanks over a given period of time, even over an extended period of time, Contributing and constantly ensuring high quality products, and the present invention also has an excellent effect of making the process reliable in operation and keeping plant operating costs at a reasonable level.

The equipment according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments are not limited to these drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 show the process flow of a coal gasification plant with equipment for the supply of fuel material according to the invention.
Figs. 3-8 illustrate an apparatus with various numbers of lock hoppers and integral members as embodiments. Fig.

1 shows a process flow of a coal gasification plant with equipment for the supply of fuel material according to the invention. The fuel material 1 is fed into a mill or a suitable grinding apparatus 2 and introduced. The finely ground (pulverized) fuel material is then passed through the dust separator 3 and the fuel line 3a into the storage tank 4 where the fuel is stored in the middle. The fuel is then supplied to a lock hopper 5 (a lockable (adjustable) hopper). The illustrated embodiment shows two lock hoppers 5a, 5b. The lock hopper serves to pressurize the fuel at each batch by supplying gas. To this end, the lock hopper 5 is provided with gas introducing devices 6a, 6b on the filling material and gas introducing devices 6'a, 6'b into the filling material. Between the lock hoppers 5 there is a compensation line 7 which can be opened if necessary. The expansion line 8 for depressurization leaves the lock hopper 5 through which the expanded gas can be used completely or only partially to cover the grinding apparatus 2. [ However, the expanded gas may be used to cover the storage tank 4 with an inert gas. In order to regulate the recycle gas 8c of the grinding device 2 recycled by the blower 8b to a suitable temperature, the line may be provided with a heat exchanger 8d or other suitable device for supplying heat. At the downstream of the lock hoppers 5a and 5b, the finely pulverized fuel material is discharged through the appropriate connecting devices 9a and 9b and moves to the integrated member 10. The integrated member 10 may be supplied with gas through the gas line 11. [ The finely pulverized material is then sent to the feed tank 13 via the continuous feed line 12.

In the exemplary modification shown in Fig. 1, two lock hoppers 5a, 5b utilize the continuous feed line 12 via the integrated member 10. [ This is advantageously achieved in such a way that the lock hoppers 5a, 5b alternately convey the solid material through the integrated member 10 into the dense-flow conveying continuous supply line 12. [ In order to minimize the time between switching from one lock hopper to the other hopper 5a, 5b and to ensure almost uninterrupted conveyance of the solid material, both lock hoppers 5a, 5b are moved in a timely overlapping manner It is advantageous to couple it to the integrated member 10. At this point, pressure compensation through the compensation line 7 between the already almost empty lock hopper and the other still filled lock hopper 5a, 5b is useful. It goes without saying that it is also possible and advantageous to perform the above-described process with two or more lock hoppers 5. In the presence of two or more lock hoppers 5, a lock hopper 5 (hereinafter referred to simply as &quot; lock hopper 5 &quot;) which has just been emptied and now depressurized to fill with solid material from the atmospheric storage tank 4 for partial pressurization of the lock hopper 5, ) Is also possible. The connecting devices 9a, 9b are provided with two valves (not shown), one to seal the hopper discharge and one to seal the integral member 10. [ After the lock hopper 5 has been emptied to the minimum level and is shut off from the integrator member 10 by a valve close to the integrated member 10 and before the second valve is closed the gas injection in the connecting devices 9a, 9 &apos; a, 9 &apos; b).

In an ideal case, a constant charge level 13a dominates the supply tank 13. The pressure of the supply tank 13 can be kept constant by the gas supply 22 or the excess gas (exhaust gas) 21 by the gas compensation process. From the feed tank 13, solid material is fed to the coal gasification reactor (15) having one or more burners (16a, 16b) via fuel lines (14a, 14b) The plant is located in the building 17a of the grinding unit, which is a separate plant unit. The coal gasification reactor (15) and the feed tank (13) are located in the building (17b) of the gas production unit which is another building.

The advantages of the present invention already mentioned, including in particular the number of installation items, a considerable reduction in the height of the structure and thus a considerable reduction of the investment costs and an increase in the plant reliability, are obtained for a suitable increase in the demand for pressurized gas. This is because part of the gas used for the concentrated flow transport of the solid material in the continuous feed line 12 used to reduce the solid material density to a value less than the prevailing value in the feed tank 13, Exhaust gas), it can not be used as a feed gas for the coal gasification reactor 15, see FIG. If no additional equipment is available, this part is removed without being used as excess gas 21. At the same time, the amount of gas several times larger than the amount of gas is required in the lock hopper 5, which is a transport hopper acting as a substitute for the discharge of solids. Thus, the surplus gas (exhaust gas) 21 from the feed tank 13 is recycled as recycle gas 20 to the lock hopper and used for partial replacement of the gas consumed for replacement, thereby reducing the demand for gas Is proposed. This can be done by a blower or another device for increasing the pressure. Because of the low pressure difference which is to be overcome at the same time by the high system pressure between the supply tank 13 and the lock hopper 5, the injector 18, particularly a gas jet pump, is proposed. The pump is also capable of transporting gas with dust and does not require dust separation. The propellant gas is available at considerably higher pressures, since it serves as the pressurized gas used for alternative purposes. The pressure side of the injector 18 is switched to the currently active lock hopper 5. Under typical operating conditions, part of the recycle gas amounts to about 25% of the replacement gas volume. At the same time, the feed pressure of the propellant gas 23 is about 10 bar higher than the lock hopper pressure, while the pressure of the recycle gas 20 is only about 1-2 bar above the lock hopper pressure. These numerical relationships make it clear to the expert that the injector system 18 works well under certain conditions.

The gas recirculation is integrated into the pressure control system of the feed tank 13 in the following way: based on the consideration that excess gas 21 can be removed from the feed tank 13 under constant operating conditions, Is avoided by injecting the amount of gas discharged from the injector 18 into the lock hopper 5. When the pressure in the supply tank 13 continuously rises, the excess pressure amount is removed as the excess gas 21. This gas may also be advantageously used to replace purge gases which are transported, for example, to gasifying reactors at various locations if necessary. This can not be achieved by the closure of the valve in the line for the recycle gas 20 and excess gas 21 and by the excess gas 21 if an increase in the pressure of the feed tank 13 is particularly required during the start-up process, The deficiency is compensated by the fresh feed gas 22.

The pressurized gas used as the propelling gas 23 for the injector 18 is compensated by the pressure controller of the lock hopper 5. [ Depending on the position of the throttle valve in the propelling gas line, the amount of propellant gas ranges from 70 to 100% of the amount of gas required for replacement. The set value of the lock hopper pressure is determined from the level of the supply tank 13 (or from its weight) through a cascade (not shown). Regarding the level, a fixed setting value (for example, 50%) is given. When this set value is exceeded, the value of the pressure difference between the supply tank 13 controlled by the controller cascade and the lock hopper 5 is reduced so that the subsequently supplied solid mass flow is reduced, If the value falls below the value, the controllers operate inversely.

Figs. 3-8 illustrate an apparatus with various numbers of lock hoppers 5 and an integration member 10 as an embodiment. They are connected to the pipeline in different ways.

Figure 3 shows a facility according to the invention comprising three lock hoppers 5 and one integrated member 10 wherein each lock hopper 5 is connected to an integrated member 10 via a connecting device 9, And the integrated member 10 is connected to the supply tank 13 via the continuous supply line 12. [ The integrated member 10 may be supplied with gas through the gas line 11. [

Figure 4 shows an arrangement according to the invention comprising three lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10 wherein two lock hoppers 5 are connected via a connecting device 9a, The first integrated member 10a is connected to the second integrated member 10b through another connecting device and the third locked hopper is connected to the second integrated member 10b via the connecting device 9c And the second integrated member 10b is connected to the supply tank 13 via the continuous supply line 12. [

Figure 5 shows a plant according to the invention comprising four lock hoppers 5 and three integration members 10 wherein two lock hoppers 5 are connected via respective connecting devices 9a-9d, respectively, One of which is connected to one integrated member 10 and which is connected to the third integrated member 10c via another connecting device 9e and 9f and the third integrated member 10c is connected to a continuous supply line 12 to the supply tank 13.

Figure 6 shows a facility according to the invention comprising six lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10, wherein three lock hoppers 5 are connected via respective connecting devices 9, respectively, Are connected to the integrated member 10 and these integrated members 10 are connected to the supply tank 13 via separate continuous supply lines 12a, 12b.

Figure 7 shows a plant according to the invention comprising eight lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10 wherein four lock hoppers 5 are connected via respective connecting devices 9a and 9b respectively Are connected to one integrated member 10 and these integral members 10 are connected to the supply tank 13 via separate continuous supply lines 12a, 12b.

Figure 8 shows an arrangement according to the invention comprising eight lock hoppers 5 and three integration members 10 wherein the four lock hoppers 5 are each provided with one integration Are connected to the members 10a and 10b and these integration members 10a and 10b are connected to the third integration member 10c through another connection device 9 and the third integration member 10b is connected to the continuous supply line 10b, Is connected to the supply tank (13) through the pipe (12).

In Figure 2, "Feststoff" means "solid material &
1 fuel material
2 crusher
3 Dust separator
3a fuel line
4 Storage tank
5, 5a, 5b lock hopper
6, 6a, 6b gas introduction device
6'a, 6'b gas introduction device
7 Compensation Line
8 expansion line
8a inflation gas line
8b blower
8c Recirculating gas
8d heat exchanger
9a-9f connecting device
9'a, 9'b gas injection
10, 10a-10c,
11 gas line
12, 12a, 12b continuous supply line
13 Supply Tank
13a charge level
14a and 14b fuel lines
15 Coal Gasification Reactor
16a and 16b burners
17a Crushing Unit Building
17b Gas production unit building
18 Injector
19 gas
20 Recirculating gas
21 Surplus gas (flue gas)
22 Supply gas
23 Propelling gas
As the? P control parameter,
PC pressure controller

Claims (36)

- grinding apparatus (2),
- the dust separator (3),
- the storage tank (4),
- at least two lock hoppers (5),
- a continuous feed line (12) for concentrated flow conveyance,
- the supply tank (13)
- a gasification reactor (15), wherein
The dust separator 3 is installed between the crushing device 2 and the storage tank 4 and the dust separator 3 is connected to the storage tank 4 by the fuel line 3a,
An apparatus for use in supplying a solid fuel material to a reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material,
An apparatus 18 for increasing the pressure for returning the carrier gas from the supply tank 13 to the lock hopper 5 is provided,
The gravity flow or concentrated flow conveyance is realized through a connecting device connecting the storage tank 4 to the lock hopper 5, and
The lock hopper 5 is connected to the supply tank 13 by a continuous supply line 12 which is used in common and this supply tank 13 is connected to the gasification reactor 15 via another fuel line 14, Wherein the solid fuel material is fed to the reactor for gasification of the solid fuel material. The method according to claim 1,
At least one coupling device 9 and at least one coupling member 10 are provided between the lock hopper 5 and the supply tank 13 and the coupling member 10 is connected directly or via another coupling device 9e, Is connected to the continuous supply line (12) through another integrating member (10c) having a first end (9f). 3. The method of claim 2,
The apparatus includes three lock hoppers 5 and one integration member 10, each lock hopper 5 being connected to the integration member 10 via a connection device 9, Is connected to the supply tank (13) through a continuous supply line (12). 3. The method of claim 2,
The installation includes three lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10 and two lock hoppers 5 are connected to the first integration member 10a through the first and second connection devices 9a, And the first locking member 10a is connected to the second locking member 10b through another locking device and the third locking hopper 5 is connected to the second locking member 10c via the third locking device 9c, (10b), and the second integrated member (10b) is connected to the supply tank (13) via a continuous supply line (12). 3. The method of claim 2,
The installation includes four lock hoppers 5 and three integration members, two lock hoppers 5 each being connected to a respective one of the integration members 10 via a connection device, Is connected to the third integrated member 10c through another connecting device 9e and 9f and the third integrated member 10c is connected to the supply tank 13 via the continuous supply line 12. [ equipment. 3. The method of claim 2,
The installation includes six lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10 and three lock hoppers 5 are respectively connected to one integration member 10 via a connecting device 9 respectively, Characterized in that the integrated member (10) is connected to the supply tank (13) via separate continuous supply lines (12a, 12b). 3. The method of claim 2,
The installation includes eight lock hoppers 5 and two integration members 10 and four lock hoppers 5 are respectively connected to one integration member 10 through a connecting device 9 respectively, Characterized in that the integrated member (10) is connected to the supply tank (13) via separate continuous supply lines (12a, 12b). 3. The method of claim 2,
The apparatus includes eight lock hoppers 5 and three integration members 10 and four lock hoppers 5 are respectively connected to one integration member 10a and 10b via a connection device, The members 10a and 10b are connected to the third integrated member 10c through another connecting device and the third integrated member 10c is connected to the supply tank 13 via the continuous supply line 12 Facilities featured. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Characterized in that the lock hopper (5) is spatially integrated into the grinding apparatus (2) and is filled from at least one storage tank (4) for finely pulverized fuel material. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Characterized in that the installation comprises a lock hopper system consisting of two or more lock hoppers (5) which can be pressurized externally. The method according to claim 1,
The lock hopper (5) is connected to the downstream storage tank (4), which supplies the finely pulverized fuel material to the lock hopper by gravity transport. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 11,
Characterized in that the gas introduction device and the supply tank (13) are connected by at least one recycle gas line (20). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 11,
One or more gas introduction devices may be installed at any location of the lock hopper 5, the continuous feed line 12, the recycle gas line 20 or the feed tank 13, A facility characterized by the ability to affect transport. 14. The method of claim 13,
Characterized in that the at least one gas introducing device is an injector (18). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and 11,
A device capable of separating solid matter or dust from the gas stream may be installed in any location of the lock hopper 5, the expansion lines 7, 8, 8a, the recycle gas line 20 or the surplus gas line 21 Lt; / RTI &gt; A method for feeding a finely pulverized fuel material to a cooled reactor (15) for gasification under pressure, with an oxygen-containing gasifier, wherein
The gasifier outlet temperature is in the range between 1200 and 2000 ° C above the slag melting point and the pressure is between 0.3 and 8 MPa,
And the finely pulverized fuel material is pressurized to a pressure level above the gasifier pressure through the lock hopper 5 and transported to the at least one supply tank 13 from which there is at least one Or one or more gasification burners (16) of a plurality of gasifiers (15), the method comprising:
The carrier gas volumes 6'a and 6'b supplied from the discharge port of the lock hopper 5 are recovered in the supply tank 13 and returned to the lock hopper 5 by the gas introduction device for increasing the pressure ,
- Transport from at least two lock hoppers (5) to at least one supply tank (13) is achieved by connecting the continuous feed line (12) to the joint (12) at a solid material density of at least 100 kg / m3 and at a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar , Simultaneously or sequentially. &Lt; Desc / Clms Page number 13 &gt; 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the inflation gas (8) from the lock hopper (5) is at least partly used to cover the crushing circuit with an inert gas. 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the dust separator (3) of the grinding unit is also used for dust removal of the inflation gas (8a) from the lock hopper (5). 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the mutual partial pressurization of the lock hopper (5) precedes the pressurization by the supplied gas (6a 6b). 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the fuel material is carried from the lock hopper (5) to the feed tank (13) via a continuous feed line (12) less than the number of lock hoppers (5) Way. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20,
The solid material from the outlet of each lock hopper 5 is passed through the connecting device 9 to the integrated member 10 and then into the continuous supply line 12, And is at least equal to the number of continuous feed lines (12). 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20,
Characterized in that the integral member (10) is provided close to the outlet nozzle of the lock hopper (5). 23. The method of claim 22,
Characterized in that the integral member (10) is provided symmetrically to the outlet nozzle of the lock hopper (5). 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20,
Characterized in that temporarily at least two lock hoppers (5) simultaneously discharge the solid material into the continuous feed line (12). 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the feed tank (13) is spatially integrated into the building of the crushing unit. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20,
Wherein the geoproposition height of the lock hopper (5) is smaller than the installation height of the supply tank (13). 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the continuous feed line (12) enters the feed tank (13) below the solid material level. 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the particle size of the finely ground solid fuel material is 0.5 mm or less. 17. The method of claim 16,
The continuous supply from the lock hopper 5 is controlled by regulating the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the supply tank so that the charge level of the supply tank 13 is kept constant. Lt; / RTI &gt; 17. The method of claim 16,
The gas inlet or outlet 6a, 6b into the free space of the lock hopper is used as a control parameter for the transport of the solid material which affects the pressure difference between the lock hopper 5 and the supply tank 13 Wherein the fuel material is in the form of a powder. 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the discharge of solid material is facilitated by the addition of gases (6'a, 6'b) into the lock hopper immediately adjacent to the discharge nozzle. 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the density in the continuous feed line (12) is controlled by the addition of the gas (11) into the continuous feed line (12) and / . 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the continuous feed line (12) is cleaned by adding gas (9'a, 9'b) into the continuous feed line (12) itself and / or into the integrated member (10) A method for supplying a substance. 17. The method of claim 16,
Characterized in that the connecting device (9) between the lock hopper (5) and the integral member is fed with gas (9'a, 9'b). 17. The method of claim 16,
The carrier gas volumes 6'a and 6'b supplied from the discharge port of the lock hopper 5 are recovered in the supply tank 13 and returned to the lock hopper 5 by the injector 18. [ A method for supplying a finely pulverized fuel material. 35. The method according to claim 34 or 35,
Characterized in that a propelling gas (23) serving to regulate the pressure of the lock hopper (5) is used to operate the injector (18).

Images