KR20100091140A - Display method and device using photonic crystal characteristics - Google Patents

Display method and device using photonic crystal characteristics Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20100091140A
KR20100091140A KR1020100072061A KR20100072061A KR20100091140A KR 20100091140 A KR20100091140 A KR 20100091140A KR 1020100072061 A KR1020100072061 A KR 1020100072061A KR 20100072061 A KR20100072061 A KR 20100072061A KR 20100091140 A KR20100091140 A KR 20100091140A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
particles
solvent
electric field
display
voltage
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KR1020100072061A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
주재현
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주식회사 나노브릭
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Priority to KR1020100072061A priority Critical patent/KR20100091140A/en
Application filed by 주식회사 나노브릭 filed Critical 주식회사 나노브릭
Publication of KR20100091140A publication Critical patent/KR20100091140A/en
Priority to KR1020110062195A priority patent/KR101143489B1/en
Priority to KR1020110062211A priority patent/KR20120001635A/en
Priority to KR1020110062289A priority patent/KR20120001637A/en
Priority to KR1020110062308A priority patent/KR20120001639A/en
Priority to US13/388,983 priority patent/US9625784B2/en
Priority to EP11801107.1A priority patent/EP2590011A4/en
Priority to JP2013518244A priority patent/JP2013539058A/en
Priority to PCT/KR2011/004708 priority patent/WO2012002701A2/en
Priority to KR1020110068768A priority patent/KR101160938B1/en
Priority to KR1020110068933A priority patent/KR20120011786A/en
Priority to KR1020110068781A priority patent/KR20120011784A/en
Priority to KR1020110068798A priority patent/KR20120011785A/en
Priority to US13/388,300 priority patent/US20120188295A1/en
Priority to PCT/KR2011/005136 priority patent/WO2012011695A2/en
Priority to JP2013520641A priority patent/JP6088427B2/en
Priority to EP11809822.7A priority patent/EP2597512A4/en
Priority to KR1020110070760A priority patent/KR101180118B1/en
Priority to US15/131,974 priority patent/US20160232830A1/en
Priority to JP2016139157A priority patent/JP2016197256A/en
Priority to US15/942,325 priority patent/US10803780B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/0327—Operation of the cell; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A display method using photonic crystal nature and a device thereof are provided to control intervals between particles and locations of particles by applying an electric field. CONSTITUTION: At least one sample color is displayed on a sample area. An input signal for selecting at least one sample color is obtained. The selected sample color is displayed on a target area by referring to the obtained input signal. An electric field is applied when particles with charges are dispersed in solvent. Intervals between particles are controlled.

Description

DISPLAY METHOD AND DEVICE USING PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CHARACTERISTICS}

The present invention relates to a display method and a display device using photonic crystallinity. More specifically, by controlling an interval or position between the particles by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of particles having the same charge is dispersed in a solution, the wavelength of the photonic crystal light reflected from the regular arrangement of the particles accordingly A display method and a display device using photonic crystallinity to be controlled.

Recently, as research and development on next-generation displays have been actively conducted, various display means have been introduced. A representative example of the next generation display is electronic-ink, which is a reflective display. Electronic ink is a display that displays the specific color by applying an electric field to particles of a specific color (for example, black and white, respectively) having negative and positive charges, and can be displayed using an external light source without a separate light source. In particular, it has the advantage of being able to see more clearly under the outdoor sunlight. However, in the case of electronic ink, since the color of the particles is fixed to a specific color, complex processes such as color filters or color particles must be used to express various colors. There is a limitation that it is not suitable.

Various methods have been proposed to fundamentally solve the problems of the conventional next generation display, and among them, a method of using the principle of photonic crystal can be considered.

Photonic crystals refer to materials or crystals having a color corresponding to a specific wavelength range by reflecting only light of a specific wavelength range among light incident by a regularly arranged microstructure, and transmitting light of the remaining wavelength range. Representative examples of photonic crystals include butterfly wings and beetle shells. Although they do not contain a pigment, they contain a unique photonic crystal structure, and thus they can give a unique color.

According to the recent research on photonic crystals, the existing photonic crystals in nature reflect only light of a specific wavelength, whereas the artificially synthesized photonic crystals have a crystal structure of photonic crystals (for example, constituting photonic crystals) by various external stimuli. It has been found that the thickness of the layer can be arbitrarily changed, and as a result, the wavelength range of the reflected light can be freely adjusted not only in the visible light region but also in the ultraviolet or infrared region.

However, in the conventional photonic crystal display device, the lattice constituting the photonic crystal is fixed in a constant shape even when there is no external magnetic pole, and the reflective medium of the photonic crystal is absorbed by the mechanical expansion or contraction of the medium supporting the lattice or the organic lattice. Because of the adjustment, the application is limited to the fatigue phenomenon of slow operation speed and loss of lattice due to repetitive motion. In addition, since the conventional photonic crystal device uses a long range ordering grating, the angular dependence according to the viewing angle is large, and thus there is a limit to the actual manufacturing of the display device.

The present inventors uniformly disperse the charged particles in the solution in the solution, and when the voltage is not applied, the particles are randomly distributed and does not exhibit photonic crystal properties, but when the voltage is applied from the outside, the distance between the particles By rearranging by this constant rule, the present invention has been made in view that the reflected light of an arbitrary wavelength range can be controlled at a fast response speed without fatigue phenomenon, and the viewing angle characteristic can be improved by adjusting the arrangement characteristic of the photonic crystal.

In addition, the present inventors can control the color / brightness / saturation of the reflected light by using colored particles, colored electrodes, colored solutions, or the like, or by forming various structures, and in addition to controlling the reflected light of all wavelengths, black / white or transparent / opacity The present invention has been made in view of the fact that a display method and a display device using adjustable photonic crystallinity can be realized.

The present invention provides a display method using photonic crystallinity capable of adjusting the wavelength of light reflected from particles by applying an electric field to control the spacing and position between the particles in a state in which particles charged with the same reference charge are dispersed in a solvent, and It is an object to provide a display device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a display method and a display device using photonic crystallinity capable of controlling the wavelength of reflected light by adjusting the intensity, direction, application time, and frequency of an electric field applied to particles and a solvent. do.

The present invention also provides a display method and display device using photonic crystallinity which can independently or partially control the spacing between particles using structures such as capsules, cells, and electrode patterns. The purpose.

In addition, the present invention, by appropriately combining the photonic crystal composition with colored particles, colored solutions, colored electrodes, the photonic crystal that can realize any photonic crystal reflected light and various display modes such as white, black, opaque, transparent, etc. in the same configuration Another object of the present invention is to provide a display method and a display device using a castle.

In addition, the present invention provides an optical crystallinity capable of adjusting the hue or brightness or saturation of the photonic crystal reflected light by using an electrode area, an applied pulse voltage recovery, a light transmittance shutter, or by stacking photonic crystals. It is another object of the present invention to provide a display method and a display device.

In addition, the present invention is a light crystal display of the present invention is a light emitting display (LCD, OLED, PDP, etc.), projection display (LCOS, DLP, etc.), optical shutter, optical sensor, optical equipment, solar cells, fuel cells, biosensors, etc. Another object of the present invention is to provide a display method and a display device using a photonic crystal capable of improving the utility of the device by combining with at least one portion of the heterogeneous device or by sharing at least one portion thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a display method and a display device using photonic crystallinity in which particles are restricted in movement when the voltage is cut off, thereby maintaining the expressed photonic crystal color even when the voltage is cut off. do.

In addition, the present invention uses a variety of displays using photonic crystallinity that can be used in a variety of electronic devices, interiors, building materials, furniture, clothing, buildings, biosensors, optical devices, advertising, etc. It is another object to provide a method and a display device.

In order to achieve the above object, the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention is characterized in that the distance between the particles is controlled by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of particles having the same sign charges are dispersed in a solvent. It is done.

An interval between the particles may be changed according to at least one of the intensity, direction, application time, application period, or number of times of application of the electric field, and wavelengths of light reflected from the plurality of particles may be changed according to the change of the interval. .

As the electric field is applied, an electric force generated between the electric field and the particles to cause electrophoresis on the particles, an electric force generated between the plurality of particles having the charge, and electricity by the particles or the solvent The electrical force generated by polarization interacts so that the spacing between the particles is maintained within a specific range and the spacing between the particles is maintained within the specific range, so that light of a specific wavelength pattern is reflected from the plurality of particles. Can be.

As the external voltage is changed to analog, the wavelength band of the reflected light may be continuously changed to analog.

When the applied voltage is cut off or below a predetermined voltage, the photonic crystal reflected light may not appear.

The photonic crystal formed according to the external voltage may be a quasi crystal having short range ordering but no long range ordering.

The particle size distribution (PSD) may be between 0.001 and 0.01.

When the configured photonic crystal display changes the viewing angle to 50 degrees, the wavelength change width of the reflected light may be 50 nm or less.

The absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the particles and the solvent may be at least 0.1.

The absolute value of the difference in specific gravity of the particles and the solvent may be 5 or less.

The region to which the electric field is applied may be divided into at least two partial regions, and an electric field may be applied to each of the divided at least two partial regions.

The particles may be a material coated with a material having a charge on a material including at least one of a metal, an inorganic material, and a polymer.

The particles may be formed by charging an interface between a heterogeneous liquid that is not mixed with the solvent and the solvent by charge.

The particles can be formed by charging a cavity in the solvent and an interface of the solvent with charge.

The particles or the solvent may include a material that is electrically polarized by any one of electron polarization, ion polarization, interfacial polarization, and rotational polarization.

The particles or the solvent may comprise a superparaelectric or ferroelectric material.

The solvent may be characterized by including a material having a polarity index of 1 or more.

The solvent in which the particles are dispersed may be filled between upper and lower electrodes to which an electric field may be applied, and at least one of the upper and lower electrodes may be a transparent electrode.

The particles and the solvent are filled between the upper and lower electrodes to which an electric field can be applied, at least one of the upper and lower electrodes comprising a material having a specific color, or at least one of the two electrodes having a specific color It may be characterized in that combined with.

After applying the electric field to the particles or the solvent may be characterized in that to reset the interval between the particles by applying an electric field in the opposite direction to the electric field.

A standby electric field may be applied to maintain the spacing between the particles at a predetermined interval before applying the electric field.

The particles and the solvent may be encapsulated or partitioned by an insulating material.

Filling the solvent is dispersed between the upper and lower electrodes, and partitioned by patterning the insulating material on the material constituting the electrode, a portion of the pattern consisting of the insulating material is not in contact with the upper and lower electrodes at the same time, the insulator The solution can move between compartment cells through.

Two or more separate electrodes may be formed on the same substrate, and a photonic crystal color formed by applying a voltage to an electrode configured on the same surface may be used.

By controlling hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the constituent surface to which the particles and the solvent contact, the particles and the solvent may be partitioned.

Scattering mode in which scattered light due to the refractive index difference between the particles and the solvent is displayed, a mode in which reflected light is generated by a photonic crystal formed by the arrangement of the particles, and the particles, the solvent, or the electrode itself. Color mode, transparent mode in the visible light band, by dispersing the particles locally or by shifting the wavelength of the reflected light by the photonic crystal to a wavelength shorter than the visible light band. Alternatively, at least two modes of an opaque mode may be mixed and used by increasing scattering of the particles and the solvent.

The electric field is applied through the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and by setting the intensity of the electric field to less than a predetermined value to control the range of movement of the particles to less than a predetermined value, the particles, the solvent, the upper electrode or the The unique color of any one of the lower electrodes can be displayed.

The electric field is applied through the upper electrode and the lower electrode, by setting the intensity of the electric field to a predetermined value or more to move the particles to at least a portion of any one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode, the particles, The unique color of any one of the solvent, the upper electrode or the lower electrode may be displayed.

The first particles having negative charges and the second particles having positive charges are dispersed in the solvent to apply an electric field to control the gaps between the first particles and the gaps between the second particles. An interval between the second particle and the second particle may be independently controlled by the electric field, and at least one of the first particle or the second particle may cause the photonic crystal color to be expressed by an external voltage.

In addition, the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention uses a transparent upper electrode and disperses a plurality of particles charged with the same charge in a solvent in a solvent, and then adjusts the spacing between the particles according to the application of a voltage of a specific wavelength. The light source may reflect the color of the lower electrode by locally applying a specific voltage to a portion of the upper or lower electrode.

In the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention, by using a transparent upper electrode and dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same reference charge in a solvent having a specific color, by controlling the interval between the particles according to the application of voltage It is possible to reflect light of a specific wavelength, it is characterized by reflecting the color of the solution by applying a specific voltage locally to a portion of the upper or lower electrode.

In addition, the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention uses a transparent upper electrode and is charged with the same reference charges and charged with the opposite reference to the plurality of first particles and the particles, wherein the distance between particles is controlled according to an external voltage. And disperse a plurality of second particles having a specific color in a solvent, and adjust a voltage from the outside to adjust a wavelength at which the first particles are arranged and reflected on an upper electrode, and an external electric field opposite to the electric field from the outside. By applying the, the second particles are integrated on the upper electrode is characterized in that the color of the second particles can be displayed.

In the display method using photonic crystallinity according to the present invention, a plurality of particles having different refractive indices and charged with charge of the same sign between the upper and lower electrodes, at least one of which is transparent, are dispersed in a solvent and then subjected to an external electric field. It is applied to adjust the spacing of the plurality of particles, characterized in that the light emitted from the outside is scattered by the dispersed particles below a certain voltage is translucent or opaque, and the spacing between the particles is regular as the applied voltage is increased It is arranged to reflect the light of a shorter wavelength gradually, and the visible light region is transmitted because a region shorter than the visible light is reflected above a specific voltage.

The same voltage may be applied to the plurality of divided electrodes, and the contrast of the reflected color may be adjusted according to the area of the electrode to which the same voltage is applied.

The pulse voltage may be applied, and the contrast of the reflected color may be adjusted according to the number of applied pulse voltages.

By means of adjusting the intensity of light, the intensity of light reflected from the photonic crystal formed by the array of particles can be controlled.

As a means for adjusting the intensity of light, one of liquid crystal principles, photonic crystal phenomena, electrophoretic phenomena, and electrochemical surface characteristic change phenomena may be used.

The brightness of the reflected light may be adjusted when a specific voltage is applied by using the particle concentration controller.

The particles and the solvent may be stacked in at least two layers to use mixed reflected light reflected from each layer.

The reflective display and the light emitting display according to the display method of the present invention may be combined or used by sharing components.

The reflective display and the solar cell according to the display method of the present invention may be used in combination or by sharing components.

Electric energy may be generated using light passing through the particles, and the electric field may be applied using the electric energy.

A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized by using a reflective display and a fuel cell in combination with a display method of the present invention or by sharing components.

The reflective display according to the display method of the present invention can visually express the state of charge of the fuel cell.

As the particles of the reflective display according to the present invention use particles having magnetic properties, the photonic crystal properties can be adjusted independently of each other according to an external applied voltage and an applied magnetic field.

In addition, the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention, in the photonic crystal display device that can control the reflected light by dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same reference charge in a solvent and then applying an electric field to control the spacing between the particles Even after blocking the electric field it is characterized by maintaining the interval between particles to maintain the reflected light.

By adding an additive containing at least one anchoring group having a high affinity with the solvent to the solvent to adjust the resistance of the dispersed particles by the affinity between the additive and the solvent, the force of the electrophoresis upon application of the electric field The particles may be moved, but when the electric field is blocked, the particles may be restricted in movement.

By adding an additive containing at least one anchoring group with the particles to the solvent to adjust the resistance of the dispersed particles by the affinity between the additive and the particles, the force of the electrophoresis upon application of the electric field The particles may be moved, but when the electric field is blocked, the particles may be restricted in movement.

By adding an additive in the form of a polymer to the solvent to control the movement resistance of the dispersed particles by the complex molecular structure of the additive, the particles can be moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied, but when the electric field is blocked You may be restricted from moving.

By controlling the viscosity of the solvent to control the movement resistance of the particles in the solvent, the particles can be moved by the force of electrophoresis when the electric field is applied, but the particles may be limited to the movement when the electric field is blocked.

By using a phase-conversion material that is converted from a solid to a liquid according to the temperature as a solvent, the particles are converted to a liquid at a specific temperature or more, and the particles are easily moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied. Particles may be restricted in movement.

When the external light is irradiated by using a material that is phase-converted from a liquid to a solid according to external light irradiation as a solvent, the particles are easily moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied, but when the external light is irradiated The particles may be constrained to move.

The solution may comprise a substance in a gel state.

As the photonic crystal cell, a solid electrolyte can be used.

In addition, the display method using the photonic crystallinity according to the present invention comprises the steps of: displaying at least one sample color on a sample area; obtaining an input signal for selecting any one of the at least one sample color to be displayed; And displaying the selected sample color on a target area with reference to the obtained input signal.

In at least one of the sample region display step and the target region display step, an interval between the particles may be controlled by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of charged particles are dispersed in a solvent.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by sensing a force applied from the outside using a gyro sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting a change in temperature using a temperature sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting a change in humidity using a humidity sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by sensing pressure using a pressure sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting sound using an acoustic sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by sensing light using an optical sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired in response to a predetermined time elapsed using a timer.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting a change in the state of food.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting a change in current or voltage using a current or voltage sensor.

In the input signal acquiring step, the input signal may be acquired by detecting a change in the magnetic field using a magnetic field sensor.

In the input signal acquisition step, it is possible to acquire a wireless input signal.

The target area may cover at least a portion of the surface of the device, which may be electrically driven.

The target area may be embodied as a flexible display that can be bent according to the curvature of the surface.

According to the present invention configured as described above, by controlling the wavelength of the light reflected from the particles in the colloidal solution state, the effect of being able to repeatedly and reproducibly implement the full spectrum of structural color of the full wavelength range (full spectrum).

In addition, according to the present invention, since the distance between the particles can be controlled quickly and accurately, the effect of improving the response speed and suppressing afterimages is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, since the spacing between the particles can be controlled independently, the effect of enabling a more precise and independent display and facilitating maintenance and repair is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, since white and black can be implemented in addition to the photonic crystal reflected light of all wavelengths in the same cell, an effect of manufacturing a reflective display having high reflectivity and contrast ratio is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, since the combination, brightness, and saturation of various colors can be adjusted, the effect of producing a reflective display with more excellent color realization ability is achieved. Since the reflected photonic crystal reflected light can be maintained even after being made, the effect of minimizing the power consumption of the reflective display is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, since a flexible display is possible, an effect of facilitating use, transportation and storage of the display device is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, since it can be combined with a solar cell, the effect of implementing a color tunable solar cell or a self-powered display function is achieved.

In addition, according to the present invention, by using a material that can adjust the color arbitrarily, the effect that the color-variable electronic device is implemented.

In addition, according to the present invention by using a color-variable material according to the electricity is possible to produce a variety of sensors that can be easily measured visually is achieved.

1 and 2 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating a configuration of particles included in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.
3 is a schematic representation of a material in which electrical polarization occurs according to an external voltage.
Figure 4 shows an atomic model for the decision of Ag-Al alloy.
5 is a view conceptually showing a configuration for controlling the spacing between particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a display device including an electric field generating unit including a plurality of electrodes according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
7 to 9 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating patterns of voltages applied to a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.
10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of encapsulating particles and a solvent included in a display device into a plurality of capsules according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which particles and a solvent included in a display device are scattered in a medium according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which particles and a solvent included in a display device are partitioned into a plurality of cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
13 to 14 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating a configuration of patterning an electrode constituting an electric field generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
15 to 25 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating embodiments in which various reflective lights can be implemented by appropriately combining photonic crystal colors with particle colors, solution colors, and electrode colors.
FIG. 26 shows attributes of a color as Hue, Saturation, and Brightness, Value.
FIG. 27 exemplarily illustrates a configuration in which a lower electrode is implemented using 3 × 3 sub-electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
28 illustrates a method for adjusting reflected light as the number of pulses of an applied voltage.
FIG. 29 is a view illustrating a wavelength (color: Hue) of reflected light in a photonic crystal cell after combining a device capable of controlling light transmittance electrically on top of a photonic crystal cell constituting the present invention. Fig. 1 shows a photonic crystal display device in which the contrast is adjusted by adjusting with a control device.
FIG. 30 schematically illustrates the concept used in the apparatus for adjusting light transmittance in FIG. 29.
31 illustrates a method of expressing various colors by vertically stacking the configurations of the present invention.
32 and 33 schematically show a form in which a photonic crystal device is combined with a solar cell.
34 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 35 is a graph showing light reflected from particles as a result of experiments in which an electric field is applied in a state in which particles having an electric charge are dispersed in a solvent having electrical polarization characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
36 is a diagram illustrating experimental results of a configuration of implementing a transparent display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 37 is a view illustrating a result of experimenting with display performance according to an observation angle of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment (that is, an experiment result regarding a viewing angle of a display).
FIG. 38 is a view illustrating a result of manufacturing a film by encapsulating a medium in which charged charged particles are dispersed in a light transmissive medium and forming a dense film by self-alignment of capsules.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It should be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention are different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, certain features, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in connection with an embodiment. It is also to be understood that the position or arrangement of the individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention, if properly described, is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions throughout the several aspects.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention.

Display device configuration

A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses a photonic crystal characteristic by controlling an interval between particles by applying an electric field while dispersing a plurality of particles having the same charge in a solvent. The main technical feature is the ability to implement a full spectrum display.

Particle Composition

1 and 2 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating a configuration of particles included in a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, referring to FIG. 1, the particles 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be dispersed and present in the solvent 120 as particles having a negative charge or a positive charge. At this time, the particles 110 may be arranged at a predetermined interval from each other due to mutual repulsive force due to the charge of the same sign. The diameter of the particles 110 may be several nm to several hundred μm, but is not necessarily limited thereto. In addition, the positively charged particles and the negatively charged particles may be present in the solvent.

Referring to FIG. 2, the particle 110 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be configured in the form of a core-shell 112 made of different materials as shown in FIG. As shown in (b) of FIG. 2, it may be configured in the form of a multi-core (multi-core) 114 made of heterogeneous materials, and as a cluster 116 of a plurality of nanoparticles as shown in FIG. It may be configured, and the charge layer 118 having a charge may be configured to surround these particles. Particles in the present invention generally refer to the solute material dispersed in the solvent, and is not limited to the spherical form illustrated in FIG. 2, but may be in various forms such as chain form, plate form, ring form, rod form, and disc form. May be present and may be atypical.

More specifically, the particle 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be present as metal particles, polymer particles, inorganic particles, semiconductor particles or a compound thereof. For example, the particles according to an embodiment of the present invention may be silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), carbon (C), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), It may be made of an element such as aluminum (Al) or a compound containing them, and may be made of a polymer material such as PS (polystyrene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), or PET (polyethylen terephthalate). have. In addition, the particles according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured as a form in which a material having a charge on a particle or a cluster that does not have a charge, for example, the surface is formed by an organic compound having a hydrocarbon group Particles processed (or coated) by organic compounds having processed (or coated) particles, carboxylic acid groups, ester groups, or acyl groups, halogens (F, Cl, Br) , I, etc.) Particles whose surface is processed (coated) by complex compounds containing elements, particles whose surface is processed (coated) by coordination compounds containing amines, thiols, and phosphines For example, the particles may be charged by forming radicals on their surfaces.

In addition, in the present invention, a portion having a lower refractive index than a solvent, such as a porous material or a cavity, may be understood as a particle, and a heterogeneous liquid material that is not mixed with a solvent may be understood as a particle. In addition, as the particles of the present invention, quantum dots or fluorescent materials may be used, and quantum dot characteristics or fluorescent characteristics may be mixed in addition to the photonic crystal effect.

In addition, by using a material whose refractive index changes according to an external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, light, pressure, chemical stimulation, etc.) as a particle, it can be used in combination with the photonic crystal effect according to the change of the refractive index of the particle in addition to the photonic crystal effect due to the arrangement of the particles. . [Solution composition]

Meanwhile, according to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to effectively exhibit photonic crystallinity by maintaining a stable colloidal state without precipitation of particles in a solvent to be described later, an interfacial potential of the colloidal solution consisting of particles and a solvent (electrokinetic) potential value (ie, zeta potential) may be higher than the predetermined value, and the difference in specific gravity of the particle and the solvent may be equal to or less than the predetermined value. For example, the absolute value of the interfacial potential of the colloidal solution may be 10mV or more, and the difference in specific gravity of the particles and the solvent may be 5 or less.

Meanwhile, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the intensity of the reflected light may be increased so that the difference between the refractive index of the particles and the solvent is greater than a predetermined value. For example, when a solvent having a low refractive index is used, particles having a high refractive index may be dispersed, or, on the contrary, particles having a low refractive index may be dispersed in a solvent having a high refractive index. The absolute value may be greater than or equal to 0.3.

In addition, by using a material whose refractive index changes according to an external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, light, pressure, chemical stimulus, etc.) as a solvent, it can be used in combination with the photonic crystal effect according to the refractive index change of the solution in addition to the photonic crystal effect due to the arrangement of particles. .

In addition, as a solution of the present invention, an ionic liquid, which is an ion present in a liquid state in the operating range, may be used to effectively mix and operate a solar cell or a fuel cell.

Polarization Characteristics

Meanwhile, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the particles or the solvent included in the display device may have an electrical polarization characteristic, and the particles or the solvent may have an external electric field due to an asymmetrical charge distribution of atoms or molecules. When applied, it may include a material that is electrically polarized by any one of electron polarization, ion polarization, interfacial polarization, and rotational polarization.

3 is a schematic representation of a material in which electrical polarization occurs according to an external voltage, in which there is no unit spontaneous polarization ((a), (b)) and when there is spontaneous polarization ((c), (d)). The electrical polarization pattern according to the application is shown. More specifically, as particles, there is no spontaneous electropolarization such as TiOx, AlOx, or SiOx, but a material in which electrical polarization occurs by an external electric field is used, or PbZrO 3 , PbTiO 3 , Pb (Zr, Ti) O 3 , SrTiO 3 BaTiO 3 , (Ba, Sr) TiO 3, CaTiO 3, there is a spontaneous electrical polarization as a ferroelectric (ferroelectric) dielectric or portrait (superparaelectric), such as LiNbO 3 may be a relatively high value of the electric polarization material than the external field. In addition, since metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) have very large electric polarization characteristics due to the movement of electrons according to an external electric field, metal nanoparticles can be effectively used in the application of the present invention.

In addition, polar solvents include Trichloroethylene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Di-Iso-Propyl Ether, Toluene, Methyl-t-Bytyl Ether, Xylene, Benzene, DiEthyl Ether, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Butyl Acetate, Iso-Propanol, n- Butanol, Tetrahydrofuran, n-Propanol, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, 2-Butanone, Dioxane, Acetone, Metanol, Ethanol, Acetonitrile, Acetic Acid, Dimethylformamide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Propylene carbonate, N, N-Dimethylformamide, Dimethyl Acetamide, N-Methylpyrrolodone As such, a material having a polarity index higher than 1 may be used.

By using the above-described electric polarization particles or electric polarization solvent, it may be effective to uniformly arrange the particles by mutual attraction due to the electric polarization phenomenon when an external voltage is applied.

Electrode Configuration

Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the electrodes constituting the present invention may be a transparent electrode that transmits light in the visible light region and has electrical conductivity. The transparent electrode may be a metal, a metal oxide, a conductive polymer, or a carbon material. And the like can be used. For example, a metal oxide electrode such as indium in oxide (ITO) is used as the transparent electrode, a conductive polymer electrode such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, or the like, or a carbon nanotube or graphene Carbon materials such as graphene sheets and the like can be used.

However, the configuration of the particles, the solvent, and the electrode according to the present invention is not necessarily limited to those listed above, and within the scope of achieving the object of the present invention, that is, the distance between the particles can be controlled by an electric field. It is noted that it can be changed appropriately within the scope.

Operation principle and configuration of the display device

[Operation Principle]

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when an electric field is applied to a particle and a solvent in a state in which a plurality of particles having a charge of the same sign is dispersed in a solvent, the strength and the intensity of the electric field may be applied to the plurality of particles due to the charge of the particle. An electric force proportional to the amount of charge is applied, and thus, the plurality of particles are electrophoresis and move in a predetermined direction, thereby narrowing the distance between the particles. As the applied voltage increases, the spacing between the particles decreases, so that the electrical repulsive force generated between the plurality of particles having the same charge as each other increases, so that the spacing between the particles does not continue to narrow. The electrophoretic force and the repulsive force due to the same charge between the particles are in a certain balance. As a result, the particles dispersed in the solvent are arranged at regular distances according to the voltage and reflect light of a specific wavelength (photonic crystal color). Done.

In addition, when the particles or the solvent in the above configuration is an electropolarization, in addition to the electrophoretic force and the interparticle repulsive force described above, the mutual attraction between the electrical polarization can be applied to the regular particle arrangement in accordance with the external voltage. have. In the present invention, the above-described forces are described with respect to the particles dispersed in the solution, but not limited to the forces described in the above examples, gravity due to the mass of the particles, buoyancy due to the specific gravity difference between the particles and the solvent, and between the particles and the solution It should be understood that particles are arranged with a certain rule due to various force balances such as frictional force.

When voltage is applied, the particle array may be a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a certain rule only in one axis, a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a certain rule in two axes (area), or a three-dimensional photonic crystal having a regular rule in three axes (space). . For example, the particles may be regularly arranged only in the direction in which the voltage is applied, the particles may be regularly arranged in the vertical direction in which the voltage is applied, or may be regularly arranged in both the vertical and horizontal directions of the applied voltage. .

On the other hand, the particle array in the present invention may be a long range order (long range ordering), may have a short range order (short range ordering), in particular, the decision rule (quasi-crystal) where the partial rules are randomly mixed as shown in FIG. ) Can also improve viewing angle dependence. For reference, FIG. 4 shows an atomic model for the determination of Ag-Al alloys ( http://www.matchem.ameslab.gov/high_TrappingNano.htm ). Decision making is an ordered but non-periodic structure that can be seen as an intermediate state between crystal and glass, and has a rather complex Bragg diffraction. Such a decision may be implemented by mixing particles of different sizes, or may form a decision by controlling the particle size distribution (PSD) of particles distributed in a solution. More specifically, it is possible to implement a decision to set the dispersion degree (PSD) of the particles constituting the present invention to be 0.001 to 0.01 to 50 nm or less, which is a variation of reflected light of all wavelengths up to a viewing angle of 50 degrees.

[Voltage is applied]

In the configuration according to the present invention, according to the balance of the forces described above, the interval between the particles can be controlled at a predetermined interval by applying a voltage, a plurality of particles arranged at a predetermined interval to function as a photonic crystal. It becomes possible. Since the wavelength of the light reflected from the plurality of particles arranged regularly is determined by the spacing between the particles, the wavelength of the light reflected from the plurality of particles can be arbitrarily controlled by controlling the spacing between the particles. Here, the pattern of the wavelength of the reflected light depends on factors such as the intensity and direction of the electric field, the size and mass of the particles, the refractive index of the particles and the solvent, the amount of charge of the particles, the electrical polarization characteristics of the solvent or particles, and the concentration of dispersed particles in the solvent. It can appear variously.

5 is a view conceptually showing a configuration for controlling the spacing between particles according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the display device 500 according to an exemplary embodiment may include a display unit 510 and an electric field generator 520. More specifically, the display unit 310 may include a plurality of particles 512 having the same charge as being dispersed in the solvent 514, and the display unit 510 may be formed according to the intensity and direction of the applied electric field. Reflects light in a wavelength range (ie, light of any color when viewed in the visible range), as described above, depending on the intensity and direction of the electric field applied to the display 510. The spacing between can be achieved by controlling. The electric field generator 520 functions to apply an electric field having a predetermined intensity and direction to the display unit 510, and the electric field intensity and direction applied through the electric field generator 520 are reflected from the display unit 510. It may be appropriately controlled according to the wavelength range of light desired to be.

[Multi electrodes]

More specifically, FIG. 6 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a configuration of a display device including an electric field generator formed of a plurality of electrodes, according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 6, the electric field generators 622, 624, 626, and 628 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may more accurately and independently control the spacing between the particles 612 included in the display unit 610. The plurality of electrodes 622, 624, 626, and 628 may apply an electric field independently to only a portion of the display unit 610, and the plurality of electrodes 622, 624, 626, and 628 may be applied. The silver may be individually controlled by a fine driving circuit such as a thin film transistor (TFT). In addition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the electric field generating units 622, 624, 626, and 628 may be made of a light transmissive material so as not to interfere with the progress of light emitted from the display unit 610. For example, it may be composed of indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), carbon nanotubes, and other electrically conductive polymer films, which are light transmitting electrode materials.

6, the electric field generators 622, 624, 626, and 628 according to the embodiment of the present invention may include the first electrode 622, the second electrode 624, and the third electrode 626. And a fourth electrode 628. First, since the electric field is not applied to the space covered by the first electrode 622 to which no voltage is applied, the particles 612 located in the space covered by the first electrode 622 may be irregularly arranged. have. Therefore, the display unit 610 controlled by the first electrode 322 may not exhibit color due to photonic crystal. Next, an electric field corresponding to the voltage is applied to a space covered by the second electrode 624, the third electrode 626, and the fourth electrode 628 to which voltages of different levels are applied. Electrical force due to the electrophoretic force (ie, the force causing electrophoresis), electrical repulsive force between the particles 612 having the same sign charge and electrical attraction due to polarization of the particles 612 or the solvent 614 The particles 612 located in the space covered by the second electrode 624, the third electrode 626, and the fourth electrode 628 may be regularly arranged at predetermined intervals. Accordingly, the display unit 610 controlled by the second electrode 624, the third electrode 626, and the fourth electrode 628 may reflect light having a different wavelength range according to the corresponding region (ie, photonic crystal). Structural color by sex). For example, it may be assumed that the voltage applied to the fourth electrode 628 is greater than the voltage applied to the third electrode 626, which is located in the space covered by the fourth electrode 628. The spacing between the particles 612 may be narrower than the spacing between the particles 612 located between the third electrodes 626, so that the display unit 610 controlled by the fourth electrode 628 may be formed. It is possible to reflect light having a shorter wavelength than the display unit 610 controlled by the three electrodes 626. In FIG. 4, the upper and lower electrodes are separated, but one of the upper and lower electrodes may be connected to the common electrode. For example, the upper electrode may be connected to the common electrode using a transparent electrode, and the lower electrode may be individually driven by a transistor for driving each of them. In particular, the upper electrode may have a voltage equal to that of the particles charged to the lower electrode. The particles may be regularly arranged on the transparent upper electrode so that the intensity of the photonic crystal light is not lowered by the solvent.

[Voltage waveform]

7 to 9 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating patterns of voltages applied to a display device according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, referring to FIG. 7, the display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention sequentially applies electric fields having different intensities and different directions with respect to particles and solvents, thereby implementing a continuous display. The controller may further include a controller (not shown) that performs a function of initializing the interval between the particles during the change. More specifically, the control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, in sequentially applying the first voltage and the second voltage to the electric field generating unit for applying the electric field to the particles and the solvent, after applying the first voltage second By applying a reset voltage in the opposite direction to the first voltage to the particles and the solvent before the voltage is applied to perform the function of returning the interval between the particles arranged at a predetermined interval by the first voltage to the initial state do. As a result, the display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can improve display performance, for example, to improve an operation speed and suppress an afterimage. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, since the initialization voltage is applied in the opposite direction to the voltage applied immediately before, the particles arranged by moving in a predetermined direction by the voltage applied immediately before are forcibly moved in the opposite direction. Even when the photonic crystal color is removed, the effect of increasing the operation speed can be achieved.

Next, referring to FIG. 8, the display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention sequentially applies an electric field of different intensity and different directions to particles and a solvent in order to implement a continuous display, and thus spaces between particles in advance. It may further include a control unit (not shown) for performing a function for maintaining the at a predetermined interval. More specifically, the controller according to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to sequentially apply the first voltage and the second voltage to the electric field generating unit for applying the electric field to the particles and the solvent, a predetermined standby voltage in advance By applying the first electric field and the second voltage in the applied state, the gap between the particles can be quickly controlled to the desired interval. As a result, the display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may improve display performance by increasing response speed and speeding up screen switching. That is, in the conventional electronic paper technology, in order to display a specific color, particles of a specific color had to be moved from one end to the other end in a cell, but in the present invention, the reflected light in the visible light band does not appear. Particles are localized by applying a relatively low level of atmospheric voltage to densify particles in one direction in the cell, and then applying a voltage above a certain level to implement a photonic crystal that reflects light in the visible band. By moving, it is possible to implement a photonic crystal that reflects light in the visible light band to speed up the operation.

Next, referring to FIG. 9, the display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention sequentially applies electric fields having different intensities and different directions to the particles and the solvent to implement a continuous display. The controller may further include a controller (not shown) that performs a function of applying electric fields of various patterns in an application time. More specifically, the control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, in applying the voltage to the electric field generating unit for applying the electric field to the particles and the solvent, can increase or decrease the level of the voltage to a predetermined voltage (Fig. 9 (a)), it is possible to arbitrarily increase or decrease the application time or period of the voltage (see (b) of FIG. 9), and have the same effect as when the voltage is applied continuously by repeatedly applying discontinuous pulse voltage. (See FIG. 9C). As a result, the display device according to an exemplary embodiment may improve display performance by enabling various types of display and reducing power consumption.

However, the electric field application pattern according to the present invention is not necessarily limited to those listed above, but within the range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved, that is, within the range in which the spacing between particles can be controlled by the electric field. Note that changes can be made as appropriate.

[Cell Separation: Encapsulation / Segmentation / Scatification]

10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of encapsulating particles and a solvent included in a display device into a plurality of capsules according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, the particles 1012 and the solvent 1014 included in the display device 1000 according to the exemplary embodiment may include a plurality of capsules 1012, 1024, 1026, and 1028 made of a light-transmitting insulating material. Can be encapsulated. By encapsulating the particles 1012 and the solvent 1014 as in one embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 10, direct interference such as incorporation between the particles 1012 and the solvent 1014 included in different capsules Generation can be prevented, and due to the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) movement of the charged particles, the arrangement of the particles can be prevented from appearing unevenly, and the sealing of the particles and the solvent is facilitated. Processability in the form of a film of the display device 1000 can be improved, and accordingly, an interval between particles included in the display device 1000 can be independently controlled for each capsule.

10, the display device 1000 according to the exemplary embodiment may include four capsules 1012, 1024, 1026, and 1028, and may include the first capsule 1012 and the second capsule. The electrodes 1032, 1034, 1036, and 1038 positioned in the capsule 1024, the third capsule 1026, and the fourth capsule 1028 each have a first voltage, a second voltage, a third voltage, and a fourth voltage, respectively. Each capsule, which is applied with different intensities and electric fields in different directions, reflects light of different wavelength ranges. As described above, according to the display apparatus 1000 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to implement an independent display for each capsule.

On the other hand, unlike the case shown in Figure 10, even if the electrode and the capsule is not arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each other and the area covered by the electrode is smaller than the capsule or one capsule is covered by two or more electrodes By using the electrode pattern, an independent display can be implemented to any area of the display unit. That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when an electric field is applied to a specific region in the capsule by any one of the plurality of electrodes covering the capsule, particles present in the specific region of the particles present in the capsule or Since only the solvent reacts to the electric field and particles or solvents present in the remaining regions do not respond to the electric field, the area where the light of a specific wavelength is reflected (ie, the display area) can be determined by the electrode pattern rather than the size or pattern of the capsule. have.

The capsule structure as in the present invention is to form a capsule by mixing a heterogeneous solution that is not mixed with a solution in which the particles are dispersed to form a solution in which the particles are dispersed in the form of droplets, and then encapsulating it with a light transmissive material between the interfaces between the solutions. In addition, the formed capsules may be mixed with an appropriate binder, applied to a substrate, and manufactured by intimately self-packing between capsules.

11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which particles and a solvent included in a display device are scattered in a medium according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 11, particles and a solvent included in the display device 1100 according to an exemplary embodiment may be interspersed in a medium 1130 made of a light transmissive material. More specifically, the particles included in the display device 1100 may be partially dispersed by distributing a predetermined amount of particles and a solvent in the form of droplets in a light-transmissive material 1130 that is not fluid to external stimuli such as an electric field. Can be isolated. That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, by dispersing and dispersing a solvent in which particles are dispersed in the light transmitting medium 1130, it is possible to prevent direct interference such as mixing between particles or solvents included in different regions. Accordingly, the distance between the particles included in the display device 1100 may be controlled more independently.

11, the display device 1100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of regions 1112 and 1114 included in the medium 1130. More specifically, the gap between the particles included in the first region 1110 located between the first electrode 1142 to which the first voltage is applied and the second electrode 1144 to which the second voltage is applied are located. The spacing between the particles included in the second region 1120 may be controlled independently of each other, such that the first region 1110 and the second region 1120 may reflect light having different wavelength ranges. . Therefore, according to the display device 800 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to implement displays that are independent of each other.

12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which particles and a solvent included in a display device are partitioned into a plurality of cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 12, the particles 1212 and the solvent 1214 included in the display device 1200 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention are isolated by a partition wall made of an insulator, and thus, the plurality of cells 1232, 1234, 1236, 1238). According to one embodiment of the present invention, by partitioning the particles 1212 and the solvent 1214 it is possible to prevent the direct interference such as mixing between the particles 1212 and the solvent 1214 included in different cells. As a result, the spacing between the particles included in the display device 1200 can be controlled independently for each cell, and the arrangement of particles is uneven due to the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) movement of the charged particles. On the other hand, unlike FIG. 11, the electrodes and the cells are not arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each other, and an area covered by the electrodes is smaller than the cells, or one cell is covered by two or more electrodes. Even in this case, the display can be implemented independently of any region of the display unit according to the electrode pattern. That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, when an electric field is applied to a specific region in the cell by any one of the plurality of electrodes covering the cell, particles present in the specific region among the particles present in the cell or Since only the solvent reacts to the electric field and particles or solvents present in the remaining regions do not respond to the electric field, the area where the light of a specific wavelength is reflected (ie, the display area) can be determined by the electrode pattern rather than the size or pattern of the cell. have.

Meanwhile, in order to manufacture the structure illustrated in FIG. 11, first, a partition wall is first manufactured by an insulating material by screen printing, gravure printing, lithography, etc. on a lower substrate, and then particles The dispersed solution may be prepared by filling by a method such as ODF (One Drop Filling).

Meanwhile, the partition wall for partitioning in FIG. 12 does not mean only physical isolation through contact with the upper and lower electrodes, and isolation by chemical properties using surface properties (eg, hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity) may be used. In addition to the insulation in the form of solids, empty spaces may be used as partitions to separate the solution from 12. For example, the solution can be partitioned by patterning the substrate to locally separate the high affinity region from the solution and the low region so that particles are not dispersed in the low affinity region with the solution. More specifically, when the solution is hydrophilic, the substrate is patterned to make the partition part hydrophobic, and the area to which the solution is to be made hydrophilic, so that the solution is filled only in the hydrophilic part and the hydrophobic area is filled. Can be partitioned by Furthermore, in the case of the hydrophilic solution, the lower substrate is hydrophobic and the lower electrode is hydrophilic, so that cell partitioning can be performed by patterning the lower electrode.

As mentioned above, when encapsulating, scattering, or partitioning the particles and the solvent in the medium according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to independently control the spacing of the particles for each capsule, each region, or each cell. Thus, a more precise display can be enabled, and an effect of facilitating maintenance and repair of the display device is achieved.

Meanwhile, in the embodiments of FIGS. 10 to 12, it is described that both the upper and lower electrodes are separated into a plurality of electrodes, but one of the upper or lower electrodes may be configured as a common electrode. For example, in an actual display product, the upper electrode may be composed of a common electrode made of a transparent electrode material, and alternatively, the lower electrode may be separated into unit cells and connected to a transistor for driving each cell. It is possible that it may not consist of a transparent electrode material. Furthermore, by using a transparent upper electrode and applying a voltage having the same sign as the charged charge with the particles to the lower electrode, the charged particles are arranged on the upper electrode, thereby minimizing the intensity decay of the photonic crystal light by the solvent.

13 to 14 are diagrams exemplarily illustrating a configuration of patterning an electrode constituting an electric field generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, referring to FIG. 13, a lattice-shaped insulating layer 1330 may be formed on the lower electrode 1325 (or the upper electrode 1320) of the electric field generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The lower electrode 1325 (or the upper electrode 1320) may be patterned at regular intervals. According to the display device illustrated in FIG. 13, the patterning interval of the electrode may be implemented in the order of several um to several hundred um to prevent the irregular arrangement of particles due to the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) movement of the charged particles. As a result, a uniform display can be realized. In particular, according to the display device illustrated in FIG. 13, an effect of effectively preventing particle tilting due to electro-hydraulic movement is achieved without a complicated process such as encapsulation or cell partitioning, which requires a lot of time and cost. do. Although not shown in the present invention, in order to obtain the same effect as in FIG. 13, an electrode having a regular arrangement on the insulating layer may be patterned.

Next, referring to FIG. 14 a), the lower electrode (or upper electrode) of the electric field generating unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is divided into two electrodes (the first electrode 1420 and the second electrode 1425). Can be configured. More specifically, referring to FIG. 14 b), the first electrode 1420 and the second electrode 1425 constituting the lower electrode (or the upper electrode) of the electric field generating unit according to the embodiment of the present invention are sawtooth alternately. It may be patterned into a comb structure.

According to the display device illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, since the electrode may be implemented on only one substrate, it may be advantageous in terms of cost reduction, and the operation speed of the display device may be reduced by reducing the distance that particles move as the electric field is applied. The effect of being able to do it quickly is achieved.

13 and 14, when the degree of surface hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the electrode and the insulator is different, only the patterning of the lower electrode (or the upper electrode) may be achieved according to the affinity with the solution.

However, the electrode pattern according to the present invention is not necessarily limited to those enumerated above, and may be appropriately changed within the range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved, that is, within the range in which the spacing between particles can be controlled by an electric field. Let's be clear.

[Various colors implementation]

With reference to FIGS. 15 to 25, an embodiment in which a variety of reflected light may be realized by combining photonic crystal colors with particle colors, solution colors, and electrode colors may be described in detail.

First, FIG. 15 illustrates various operating methods through an embodiment of the present invention. When no voltage is applied or the applied voltage is lower than a specific voltage, scattered light may be reflected due to a difference in refractive index between the solvent and the particle (scattering). mode), in the specific voltage range, the electrophoretic force caused by external voltage, the repulsive force between particles charged with the same code charge, and the attraction force between the electric polarization are balanced so that the particles can be arranged in the photonic crystal to reflect light of specific wavelength according to the voltage. (Photonic color mode). When the refractive index of the particles and the solution is the same or the applied voltage is sufficiently large to reflect the photonic crystal reflected light in a region shorter than the visible light, the cell becomes transparent in the visible light region (transparent mode). In addition, colored particles may be used to reflect particle colors (particle color mode) or colored solutions may be used to reflect solution colors (solution color mode). In addition, the use of colored electrodes, transparent particles or locally collected particles may cause the electrode color to be reflected (electrode color mode). By using these various reflection modes, various reflected light such as photonic crystal color, particle color, solution color, and electrode color can be used according to voltage.

FIG. 16 is an embodiment reflecting a colored lower electrode, using a transparent upper electrode and using an electrode having a specific color (for example, black) or having a specific color under the transparent electrode and having the same reference numeral. After dispersing photonic crystal particles with a charge (for example, (-)) in a transparent solvent and applying (+) to the upper electrode, the photonic crystal particles are arranged at specific intervals according to the magnitude of the voltage to reflect only light of a specific wavelength. The reflected light color may be implemented, and when (+) is applied to a specific portion of the upper or lower electrode, the photonic crystal particles may be driven to one side and the color (black) of the lower electrode may be reflected.

Next, referring to FIG. 17, after dispersing photonic crystal particles that are charged with the same charge (for example, (−)) and have a constant arrangement according to voltage, the transparent electrode is dispersed in a solvent having a specific color. When a positive voltage is applied to the particles, the particles are collected at the upper electrode and arranged in a constant array to reflect light of a specific wavelength. When a negative voltage is applied to the upper electrode, the particles are collected at the lower electrode and the color of the solvent may be reflected. have.

Next, referring to FIG. 18, two types of particles having different charges, that is, particles having a (-) charge for realizing a photonic crystal and particles having a (+) charge as having the color as the particle itself. Using a combination of the display by the photonic crystal and the color of the particles themselves can be implemented.

For example, after mixing black particles having a (+) charge and photonic crystal particles having a (−) charge, (+) is applied to the upper electrode, the photonic crystal particles are collected at the upper electrode and the black particles are collected at the bottom, Depending on the magnitude of the positive voltage applied to the upper electrode, the wavelength of the reflected light due to the arrangement of the photonic crystal particles may be changed. On the contrary, when a negative voltage is applied to the upper electrode, photonic crystal particles are collected at the lower electrode and black particles are collected at the upper electrode, thereby allowing black to be displayed on the display device.

Next, referring to FIG. 19, two types of particles having different charges, that is, photonic crystals, are formed by using a transparent upper electrode, using a lower electrode of a specific color (for example, black color). By using particles having a negative charge and particles having a positive charge as the particles themselves, a display by a photonic crystal, a display by the color of the particle itself, and a display by the color of the electrode itself can be realized. Can be.

For example, white particles with positive charge and photonic crystal particles with negative charge can be mixed and placed in the space between the transparent upper electrode and the black lower electrode, wherein (i) When +) voltage is applied, photonic crystal particles are arranged in a specific direction on the upper electrode, only light of a certain wavelength is reflected, and specific color particles are collected on the lower electrode. (Ii) When (-) voltage is applied to the upper electrode, Color particles having a specific color are collected to reflect the particle color, and photonic crystal particles are collected at the lower electrode. (Iii) When voltage is applied to a specific portion of the upper or lower electrode from the outside, the photonic crystal particle and the colored particle are formed at a specific portion. As a result, the color of the lower electrode can be reflected. That is, it is possible to implement a cell (display device) capable of displaying any color by black, white and photonic crystal in one cell.

Next, referring to FIG. 20, the display unit may include transparent particles including a visible light transmitting material, and the electric field applying unit may also include a transparent upper electrode and a lower electrode. In particular, since both the upper and lower electrodes are transparent in this embodiment, a two-sided display is possible. More specifically, (i) first, when the intensity of the electric field applied to the display portion is less than a predetermined value or when the electric field is not applied, the particles do not form a photonic crystal and do not exhibit color due to the photonic crystal. Incident light may be scattered by the difference in refractive index. In this case, the solution may become opaque due to the difference between the solvent and the refractive index. (ii) Next, when an electric field of an appropriate intensity is applied to the display unit, light of any desired wavelength range may be reflected from the particles forming the photonic crystal. The wavelengths of the reflected light in the direction of the incident light are all the same, but the reflected light can feel brighter on the relatively bright side. (iii) Next, when an electric field having a predetermined intensity or more is applied to the display unit, as the magnitude of the electric attraction causing electrophoresis becomes too large, the spacing between particles is shorter than the visible light band (eg, an ultraviolet band). Can only reflect light. That is, in this case, since the light in the visible light band is transmitted without being reflected by the photonic crystal, the upper electrode, the lower electrode, and the particles are all transparent, and thus the display device of FIG. 20 may be transparent as a whole. Therefore, according to the display device according to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a variable color glass, which can reflect light in any wavelength range, and also become transparent or opaque, and furthermore, by adjusting the transparency of the display device It is also possible to implement a display system in which a specific color or pattern present on one side is visible or invisible to an observer on the other side.

Next, referring to FIG. 21, all of the two types of photonic crystal particles having different charges are included in the display unit, the upper electrode, and the lower electrode, thereby simultaneously photocrystal in the upper electrode direction and the lower electrode direction. It is possible to implement the reflected light display by.

Next, referring to FIG. 22, various embodiments for injecting light into a photonic crystal implemented in a display device may be identified. In a dark environment, since there is no incident light and reflected light by the photonic crystal cannot be displayed, the display device according to the present invention may be difficult to operate normally. Therefore, by combining the light source unit using the LED or the like in the upper or lower electrode direction, the light generated from the light source unit can be incident on the photonic crystal to obtain the reflected light by the photonic crystal. Meanwhile, light generated from the light source unit may be directly irradiated to the photonic crystal particles or indirectly using an optical waveguide film or a polarizing film.

Next, referring to FIG. 23, by combining the above-described photonic crystal display device and a conventional light emitting display device, it is possible to manufacture a novel display device that operates in two modes. More specifically, when the light emitting display device is coupled to the lower portion of the display device using the photonic crystal according to the present invention, the reflected light is displayed according to the principle of the display device using the photonic crystal of the present invention in the reflective mode, and vice versa. In the light emitted from the backlight and transmitted through the color filter may be displayed through the photonic crystal particles. On the other hand, in the light emitting mode, the photonic crystal particles may be concentrated to a partial region of the upper electrode or the lower electrode to further increase the transmittance of light generated in the backlight. The concept illustrated in FIG. 23 may be applied to the entire display area, but the driving mode may be changed for each unit cell in the same display. In particular, in self-luminous displays such as OLEDs, power consumption is large because white light is realized only when all the light sources are turned on. By combining the concept of FIG. 23 with various photonic crystal modes shown in FIG. 15, low power white implementation and various and efficient displays can be achieved. Can be configured.

[Bidirectional display]

In addition, referring to FIG. 24, the display unit 2410 of the display device 2400 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes particles having different charges, that is, particles 2412 having negative charges and particles 2414 having positive charges. ) May be included, and as the electric field is applied to the display unit 2410, the particles 2412 having negative charges and the particles 2414 having positive charges may be regularly arranged in the opposite directions. For example, when the upper electrode 2420 of the electric field applying unit is the positive electrode and the lower electrode 2425 is the negative electrode, the particles 2412 having negative charge and the particles having positive charge 2414 are respectively directed in the upper electrode 2420 direction and the lower part. They may be arranged as photonic crystals, moving in the direction of the electrode 2425 and attracting predetermined intervals between the particles, respectively. In this case, the display device 2400 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may reflect light having an arbitrary wavelength range on both surfaces (ie, the upper electrode 2420 side and the lower electrode 2425 side). As a result, a double-sided display can be implemented. Further, when the charge amount of the particles 2412 having negative charges and the particles 2414 having positive charges is different, the interval between the negatively charged particles 2412 and the positively charged particles 2414 as the electric field is applied. Since the intervals may be different from each other, the display device 2400 according to the exemplary embodiment may reflect light having a different wavelength range from both surfaces, thereby implementing a display in which both surfaces are independently controlled. Will be.

Meanwhile, the negatively charged particles 2412 and the positively charged particles 2414 included in the display device 2400 of FIG. 24 may each have unique colors. In this case, by controlling only the directions of the electric fields applied to the upper electrode 2420 and the lower electrode 2425, different colors may be displayed on the upper and lower portions of the display device, respectively. For example, when the positively charged particles 2412 are black and the positively charged particles 2414 are white, when a positive voltage is applied to the upper electrode 2420, the negatively charged black particles 2412 are formed on the upper electrode ( Black may be displayed on the upper portion of the display device by moving toward 2420. When a negative voltage is applied to the upper electrode 2420, the white particles 2414 having positive charges move toward the upper electrode 2420 to move toward the upper electrode 2420. White may be displayed on the screen. In addition, according to the present invention, the particles 2412 having negative charges or particles 2414 having positive charges may reflect light of arbitrary wavelengths by forming photonic crystals, so that white and black colors can be displayed in the same cell. In addition, it is possible to display the reflected light in any wavelength range.

Meanwhile, FIG. 25 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a configuration of a display device that independently implements two-sided photonic crystal displays using electrodes to which a ground voltage is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 25, the display device 2500 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a ground electrode 2530 to which a ground voltage is applied between the upper electrode 2520 and the lower electrode 2525. have. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as different voltages are applied to the upper electrode 2520 and the lower electrode 2525, a space between the upper electrode 2520 and the ground electrode 2530 and the lower electrode 2525 and Since the electric fields having different directions and sizes may be independently applied to the spaces between the ground electrodes 2530, particles existing in the first display unit 2510 positioned between the upper electrode 2520 and the ground electrode 2530 may be applied. The particles present in the second display portion 2515 positioned between the lower electrode 2525 and the ground electrode 2530 can be controlled independently of each other. Accordingly, the display device 2500 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may reflect light having different wavelengths from both surfaces (ie, the surface of the upper electrode 2520 and the surface of the lower electrode 2525). Accordingly, it is possible to implement a display in which both surfaces are controlled independently of each other.

[Color / Lightness / Saturation Implementation]

Attributes of colors may be expressed in Hue, Saturation, Brightness, and Value, and may be expressed in HSV coordinates as shown in FIG. First, Hue is displayed at an angle with respect to red corresponding to a color wheel based on Munsell's color system. Saturation is generally said that the more saturated the color, the higher the saturation. The closer to the achromatic colors such as gray, white, and black, the lower the saturation. In HSV space, the saturation value S is the coordinate of how deep the color is expressed from the achromatic color with the same brightness, the achromatic color is 0, and the saturation value S has a value from 0 to 100. Brightness represents brightness, while zero brightness is black.

On the other hand, the gray scale (gray scale) in the display can be understood to represent only the intensity of the achromatic color table divided by 10 levels of brightness represented by the combination of black and white.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the following method may be used to express various color attributes.

First, as shown in FIG. 27, the area of the electrode may be divided, and the brightness of the color may be expressed by the area of the electrode to which the same voltage is applied. For example, FIG. 27 shows a configuration after the lower electrode is composed of 3 × 3 sub-electrodes. The lower electrode has a black film under the black electrode material or the transparent electrode plate, and a specific voltage is applied to only some of the sub-electrodes to locally express the specific photonic crystalline color, and the other sub-electrode regions so that the photonic crystalline color is not expressed. If no is applied or less than the predetermined voltage, the brightness can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the photonic crystal color reflected in proportion to the area of the sub-electrode to which the specific applied voltage is applied.

More specifically, in the invention structure in which the negatively charged particles are dispersed, black is expressed as a whole by applying a voltage below the predetermined value at which the photonic crystal characteristics are not released. When a voltage expressing the photonic crystal characteristic of the negative applied voltage (relatively, the positive applied voltage to the upper electrode) is applied to the electrode, the charged particles express a specific photonic crystal color at the upper electrode, and the photonic crystal light is expressed. The intensity of is proportional to the area of the sub-electrode to which the voltage is applied.

28 illustrates a method for adjusting reflected light as the number of pulses of an applied voltage. That is, if the lower electrode is kept black and is maintained under an atmospheric voltage at which no photonic crystal color is expressed, and a specific voltage capable of expressing a particular photonic crystal color is applied with a pulse, a specific color is expressed and applied only when an applied voltage pulse is applied. If it is not, black color is displayed. As a result, a black and a specific photonic crystal color are mixed to a human eye for a predetermined time, and the specific photonic crystal color can be adjusted in proportion to the number of pulses applied.

FIG. 29 is a view illustrating a wavelength (color: Hue) of reflected light in a photonic crystal cell after combining a device capable of controlling light transmittance electrically on top of a photonic crystal cell constituting the present invention. Fig. 1 shows a photonic crystal display device in which the contrast is adjusted by adjusting with a control device.

FIG. 30 schematically illustrates the concept used in the apparatus for controlling light transmittance in FIG. 29. The device in which light transmittance may be changed in accordance with a voltage, such as liquid crystal, or (a) has characteristics of hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity depending on voltage. By changing the area of the solution on the surface is changed (b) the device to adjust the light transmittance, or the device to control the light transmittance by controlling the movement of the particles in accordance with the voltage can be used.

In addition, although not shown in the present invention, by adding a device for adjusting the concentration of particles, the brightness of the reflected light may be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of particles in the photonic crystal cell when the same voltage is applied.

31 illustrates a method of expressing various colors by vertically stacking the configurations of the present invention. For example, FIG. 29 conceptually illustrates a method of expressing a wide range of hues by mixing blue, green, and red by stacking the configuration of the present invention in three layers. As shown in FIG. 31, a color of any wavelength may be realized in a cell of each layer, and a color may be realized by mixing colors of any wavelength formed in each layer, and white reflected light may also be realized.

The implementation method of hue, lightness, saturation, etc. using the photonic crystal device described in the present invention may produce a more efficient device by a combination of the above-described methods.

The photonic crystal device described in the present invention may be configured with a more effective cell by combining with other heterogeneous devices.

32 and 33 schematically illustrate a form in which a photonic crystal device is combined with a solar cell. When the photonic crystal device is disposed on a solar cell generating power, only reflected light of a specific wavelength is reflected by a voltage applied to the photonic crystal device and Light can be generated by being sucked into the solar cell, thus making it possible to manufacture a solar cell that changes color. In addition, it is possible to manufacture a self-powered display that drives the photonic crystal device using the power generated from the solar cell.

The photonic crystal device combined with the solar cell can be manufactured in various forms as shown in FIG. That is, a solar cell and a photonic crystal display cell are divided and manufactured on the same substrate (a), or a photovoltaic cell particle is combined with an upper electrode and a solar cell material is combined with a lower electrode in the same electrolyte. And at least one portion (eg, electrode, particles, solution) of the photonic crystal display cell may be manufactured in the same manner to produce a color-variable solar cell. Color-variable solar cells can be usefully applied to BIPV (Building Integrated Photonic Voltaic) such as building exterior walls.

The photonic crystal device may also be combined with a fuel cell, and although not shown in detail in the present invention, similarly to the solar cell application shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the photonic crystal cell may be mechanically coupled to the fuel cell or at least one component. By sharing the color variable fuel cell can be manufactured, the color variable fuel cell can be usefully used to visually check the color change according to the charge and discharge of the fuel.

Although the device described in the present invention is characterized in that the reflected light is not maintained when the voltage is removed, an additive having a high affinity with a solution or particles, a solution or additive with a complicated molecular structure, or a solution with a high viscosity is used. By using an element that restricts the movement of the particles in the solution, such as using a gel solution, it is possible to maintain the photonic crystal color formed according to the applied voltage. That is, by electrophoresis, the particles can be moved in the solution in a predetermined direction, but when the voltage is cut off, the movement of the particles is restricted by the element so that the spacing of the formed particles can be maintained continuously.

[Magnetic and Electric Simultaneous Driving]

Meanwhile, as another embodiment of the present invention, a display method using photonic crystallinity reflecting light in an arbitrary wavelength range by controlling an interval between particles by applying an electric or magnetic field to particles and a solvent having charge and magnetism, is applied. And the device will be described.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a display device for controlling an interval between particles by applying an electric or magnetic field to particles having charge and magnetism is provided. Just as the spacing between particles having an electric charge can be controlled by an electric field, the spacing between particles having magnetic properties can be controlled by a magnetic field in the same principle, so a detailed description of the principle of operation will be omitted. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the particles having charge and magnetism may include superparamagnetic materials, such as iron (Fe) oxide, nickel (Ni) oxide, and cobalt (Co) oxide, in addition to the material having charge. However, the configuration of the particles according to another embodiment of the present invention is not limited to those enumerated above, it will be appreciated that it can be appropriately changed within the scope that can achieve the object of the present invention.

More specifically, according to another embodiment of the present invention, by applying a predetermined electric field to the display unit including the particles having charge and magnetism, in a state in which a display in which a specific color is displayed on the display unit is implemented, a partial region of the display unit By applying a magnetic field having a predetermined direction and size with respect to the color, the color displayed in some areas of the display unit can be changed. In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, by applying a magnetic field having a predetermined direction and size to a portion of the display portion including the particles having charge and magnetism, a display in which a specific color is displayed in a portion of the display portion In the implemented state, the display in the entire area of the display may be initialized by applying an electric field having a predetermined direction and size to the entire area of the display. That is, according to the display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the particles can be controlled by using not only an electric field but also a magnetic field, thereby making it possible to diversify the display control method.

34 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 34, the display device 3400 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention may apply an electric field for applying an electric field to the display unit 3410 and the display unit 3410 including particles 3412 having charge and magnetism. The magnetic field applying unit 3430 may apply a magnetic field to the units 3422, 3424, 3426, and the display unit 3410. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field applying unit 3430 may include an electromagnet 3432 and a coil 3434 to control the strength and direction of the magnetic field applied to the display unit 3410. In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic field applying unit 3430 is configured in the form of a magnetic pole fixedly installed on a specific portion of the display device 3400, or is manipulated by a user to operate on the display unit 3410. It may be configured in the form of a pen to apply a magnetic field to the region of.

Referring to FIG. 34, particles 3412 located between the first electrodes 3422 to which no voltage is applied may be arranged irregularly, and particles 3412 located between the second electrodes 3424 to which voltage is applied. ) May be regularly arranged at a predetermined interval due to the electric field applied to the space between the second electrodes 3424, and the magnetic field applying unit 3430 together with the electric field applied by the third electrode 3426. The particles 3412 simultaneously affected by the magnetic field applied by the particles may be arranged more densely or sparsely than the particles 3412 positioned between the second electrodes 3424.

Referring to FIG. 34, the magnetic field applying unit 3430 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes an electromagnet 3432 and a coil 3 wound around a coil 3434 capable of generating a magnetic field caused by an induced current. 3434 may include a power source (not shown) for flowing a current. According to this configuration, by controlling the change in the current supplied to the coil 3434, it is possible to change the intensity of the magnetic field induced by the coil 3434 by the electromagnet 3432, which is applied to the display portion 3410 It is possible to control the intensity of the light, thereby controlling the spacing between particles included in the display portion 3410 in a variety of details, thereby displaying a structural color of the full wavelength range on the display portion 3410. The display can be implemented.

In addition, referring to FIG. 34, the magnetic field applying unit 3430 according to another embodiment of the present invention may not only perform a “write” function for implementing various colors of display on the display unit 3410, but also display unit ( The “erase” function of initializing the display implemented in 3410 may be performed. That is, according to another embodiment of the present invention, by changing the intensity and the direction of the current flowing to the coil 3434 mounted on the magnetic field applying unit 3430 by changing the interval between the particles contained in the display portion 3410 In contrast, the gap between the particles in the display unit 3410 may be initialized. Accordingly, according to the display device 3400 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 34, writings of various colors are written on a board having various color background colors as well as a display displaying structural colors of the entire wavelength range. Erasable color boards can be implemented.

[Keep color]

Hereinafter, even after the electric field, which serves to control the spacing between the particles, is blocked, the spacing between the particles may be maintained in a controlled state, and for this purpose, the composition may include a predetermined additive in a solvent in which the particles are dispersed. Let's look at this in more detail.

In order to minimize power consumption of the reflective display using the photonic crystal according to the present invention, a technology for maintaining the implemented pattern and color even when the power is removed is key.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, after dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same sign in a solvent, the movement of the particles in various ways in the photonic crystal display device that can control the reflected light by adjusting the spacing of the particles according to the electric field By limiting this, it is possible to continuously maintain the color of the photonic crystal implemented according to the voltage.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, if a particle having the same charge is dispersed in a solution exhibiting electrical polarization characteristics and a predetermined voltage or more is applied, the particle spacing is maintained at a constant distance by the balance of forces described above, and a specific reflected light is generated. Will be displayed. At this time, a dispersing agent (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) having a strong affinity to the solution (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether), polysorbate-based dispersing agent having at least one anchor (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate: affinity for water The addition of polymer-type additives with complex molecular structures, such as in large order, restricts the movement of particles dispersed by the additives, so that reflected light of a specific wavelength formed by an external voltage can be maintained even if the external voltage is removed. Can be secured. This property becomes larger as the amount of the additive is increased or the molecular weight of the additive is complicated, and the effect can be enhanced by reducing the specific gravity difference between the particles and the solvent.

More specifically, when a plurality of particles having the same charge are dispersed in a solvent to which a polymer having a molecular chain is added, the particles moved by an external strong electric field because the particles are more resistant to movement in the solution, the additives in the solution The position can thus be fixed.

The dispersant continuously adsorbs on the particle surface by having one or a large number of functional groups (hydrophilic groups) capable of chemical bonding such as hydrogen bonding to functional groups (-OH groups) on the particle surface. To stabilize the particles by thickening the film around the nanoparticles. In addition, due to the steric hindrance effect of the alkyl component of the chain of the liphophilic group (alkyl chain) of the dispersant, the movement of the dispersed particles is limited by increasing the viscosity of the medium.

In addition, according to another embodiment, it can be seen that the photonic crystal color, which changes according to the voltage, can be fixed by external irradiation light. By using the fact that the external color is fixed according to the external irradiation light, the electric color change solution becomes a capsule or the like, applying a voltage from the outside to the coated substrate to realize a random color and fixing the color by irradiating light at the same time. This allows you to print colors without color inks.

[Applications]

The apparatus for controlling the display according to the present invention described above can be utilized in all types of devices driven by electricity, for example, home appliances, mobile devices, video equipment, sound equipment, lighting, furniture, wall surface It can be used to control the exterior colors of ceilings, floors, glass, clothing, billboards, sensors, stationery, wrapping paper, storage boxes, automobiles, interior materials, biosensors and light sensors.

As described above, the present invention has been described by specific embodiments such as specific components and the like. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, various modifications and variations are possible.

Therefore, the spirit of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, and all of the equivalents or equivalents of the claims as well as the claims to be described later will belong to the scope of the present invention. .

[Executive driving example]

First, FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating light reflected from particles as a graph and a photograph as a result of performing an experiment in which an electric field is applied in a state in which charged particles are dispersed in a solvent having electrical polarization characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention. to be. For reference, in the experiment of FIG. 34, particles having a charge of 100 nm to 200 nm charged with a negative charge and coated with a silicon oxide film were used as particles having a charge, and a solvent having a polarity index greater than 1 was a solvent having electrical polarization characteristics. In order to apply the electric field to the particles and the solvent, the top / bottom electrode spacing was ~ 50 um to produce a unit cell, the intensity of the applied voltage was variously set within the range of 0V to 5V. Referring to FIG. 35, it can be seen that the wavelength pattern of the light reflected from the particles varies according to the intensity of the applied electric field (ie, the intensity of voltage). More specifically, the intensity of the applied electric field (ie, It can be seen that as the intensity of the voltage) increases, the wavelength of the light reflected from the particles becomes shorter overall. According to the experimental result of FIG. 35, it can be seen that as the intensity of the applied electric field increases (ie, the intensity of voltage), the color of light reflected from the particles changes from a red color to a blue color. In addition, it is possible to visually check the change of the color of the reflected light in the visible region.

Transparent Mode Example

Next, FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating experimental results of a configuration of implementing a transparent display according to an embodiment of the present invention. For reference, in the present experiment, particles, a solvent, and an electrode made of transparent materials that transmit light in the visible light band were used, and the display was visually visualized while gradually increasing the intensity of the electric field applied to the display device using photonic crystallinity. Observed by.

Referring to FIG. 36, it can be seen that a predetermined color is displayed on the display device as light in the visible light band is reflected by the photonic crystal when the electric field intensity is relatively small (FIGS. 36A and 36). (b)). However, when the intensity of the electric field is relatively large, it can be seen that as the wavelength range of the light reflected by the photonic crystal is gradually shifted from the visible light band to the ultraviolet band, the color displayed on the display device becomes noticeably pale (FIG. 36 (c)), when the electric field intensity is increased, the display device can be seen that the display device becomes transparent without displaying any color as the wavelength range of the light reflected by the photonic crystal is completely out of the visible light band. (See FIGS. 36D and 36E). Using this characteristic, the display device according to the present invention may be utilized as smart glass such as a color variable glass.

Viewing Angle Example

37 is a diagram illustrating a result of experimenting with display performance according to an observation angle of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention (that is, an experiment result regarding a viewing angle of a display).

Referring to FIG. 37, even when the observation angle of the display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention changes from 20 ° to 70 °, it is confirmed that there is little change in the color patterns 3710 to 3760 of the reflected light. The conventional photonic display device has a disadvantage in that the color pattern is greatly changed according to the viewing angle, but the display device according to the present invention has the advantage that the color pattern according to the viewing angle is almost constant without any change. have. This advantage can be interpreted as being due to the fact that the photonic crystal formed by the display device according to the present invention is a quasi crystal having a short range order, and thus the display device according to the present invention. The display performance can be significantly improved as compared with the conventional display device that only forms a photonic crystal having a long range order.

[Capsule Process Example]

On the other hand, Figure 38 is a view showing the result of producing a film by encapsulating the medium in which the charge-charged particles are dispersed in a light-transmissive medium to form a dense film by self-alignment of the capsules. The particles were coated with a magnetically charged iron oxide film, and a capsule containing a gelatin-containing material was used. The charged magnetic particles enclosed in the microcapsules are arranged in a certain direction when the magnetic field or electricity is applied from the outside to express the photonic crystal color. When the thin film densified by such a capsule is used, a color-variable film can be manufactured by bonding a thin film densely formed using a binder onto a substrate on which a semiconductor circuit is formed, and such a film can be easily used for electronic devices, solar cells, furniture, walls, and clothing. Can be attached and used.

Claims (69)

A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that to control an interval between the particles by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of particles having a charge of the same sign is dispersed in a solvent. The method of claim 1,
The spacing between the particles changes according to at least one of the intensity, direction, application time, application period, or number of application times of the electric field, and the wavelength of light reflected from the plurality of particles changes according to the change of the interval. Display method using photonic crystallinity. The method of claim 1,
As the electric field is applied, an electric force generated between the electric field and the particles to cause electrophoresis on the particles, an electric force generated between the plurality of particles having the charge, and electricity by the particles or the solvent The electrical force generated by polarization interacts so that the spacing between the particles is maintained within a specific range and the spacing between the particles is maintained within the specific range, so that light of a specific wavelength pattern is reflected from the plurality of particles. A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 1,
And the wavelength band of the reflected light can be continuously changed to analog as the external voltage is changed to analog. The method of claim 1,
When the applied voltage is cut off or below the predetermined voltage, the display method using photonic crystallinity characterized in that the reflected light does not appear The method of claim 1,
Photonic crystals formed according to an external voltage display method using photonic crystals characterized by quasi crystals with short range ordering but no long range ordering The method of claim 1,
Display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that the particle size distribution (PSD) is between 0.001 and 0.01 The method of claim 1,
When the configured photonic crystal display changes the viewing angle to 50 degrees, the wavelength change range of the reflected light is 50 nm or less. The method of claim 1,
The absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the particles and the solvent is at least 0.1. The method of claim 1,
Display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that the absolute value of the difference in specific gravity of the particles and the solvent is 5 or less The method of claim 1,
And dividing the region to which the electric field is applied into at least two partial regions, and applying an electric field to the divided at least two partial regions, respectively. The method of claim 1,
The particle is a display method using a photonic crystal, characterized in that the material is coated with a material having a charge on a material containing at least one of a metal, an inorganic material and a polymer The method of claim 1,
And the particles are formed by charging an interface between a heterogeneous liquid that is not mixed with the solvent and the solvent by charge. The method of claim 1,
And the particles are formed by charging an interface between a cavity in the solvent and the solvent with charge.
Polarization characteristics The method of claim 1,
The particle or the solvent is a display method using a photonic crystal, characterized in that it comprises a material that is electrically polarized by any one of electron polarization, ion polarization, interfacial polarization and rotational polarization. The method of claim 1,
The particle or the solvent is a display method using a photonic crystal, characterized in that containing a superparaelectric (ferroelectric) or ferroelectric material. The method of claim 1,
And the solvent comprises a material having a polarity index of 1 or more.
Electrode characteristics The method of claim 1,
And a solvent in which the particles are dispersed, between the upper and lower electrodes to which an electric field can be applied, and at least one of the upper and lower electrodes is a transparent electrode. The method of claim 1,
The particles and the solvent are filled between the upper and lower electrodes to which an electric field can be applied, at least one of the upper and lower electrodes comprising a material having a specific color, or at least one of the two electrodes having a specific color Display method using a photonic crystal, characterized in that coupled with
Voltage waveform The method of claim 1,
And applying the electric field in the opposite direction to the electric field after applying the electric field to the particles or the solvent to reset the gap between the particles. The method of claim 1,
And a standby electric field is applied in order to maintain the interval between the particles at a predetermined interval before applying the electric field. The method of claim 1,
And the particles and the solvent are encapsulated or partitioned by an insulating material. The method of claim 1,
Filling the solvent is dispersed between the upper and lower electrodes, and partitioned by patterning the insulating material on the material constituting the electrode, a portion of the pattern consisting of the insulating material is not in contact with the upper and lower electrodes at the same time, the insulator Display method using photonic crystal, characterized in that the solution can move between the partition cells through The method of claim 1,
A display method using photonic crystallinity using photonic crystal color formed by forming two or more separate electrodes on the same substrate and applying a voltage to the electrodes formed on the same surface. The method of claim 1,
A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that the particles and the solvent are partitioned by controlling hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity on the surface of the constituents in which the particles and the solvent contact each other.
Color implementation The method of claim 1,
Scattering mode in which scattered light is displayed due to a difference in refractive index between the particles and the solvent, a mode in which reflected light is generated by a photonic crystal formed by the arrangement of the particles, and the particles, the solvent, or the electrode itself. Color mode, transparent mode in the visible light band, by dispersing the particles locally or by shifting the wavelength of the reflected light by the photonic crystal to a wavelength shorter than the visible light band. Or by mixing at least two modes of opaque modes by increasing scattering of the particles and the solvent. The method of claim 1,
The electric field is applied through the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and by setting the intensity of the electric field to less than a predetermined value to control the range of movement of the particles to less than a predetermined value, the particles, the solvent, the upper electrode or the A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized in that the unique color of any one of the lower electrodes is displayed. The method of claim 1,
The electric field is applied through the upper electrode and the lower electrode, by setting the intensity of the electric field to a predetermined value or more to move the particles to at least a portion of any one of the upper electrode or the lower electrode, the particles, And a unique color of any one of the solvent, the upper electrode, and the lower electrode. The method of claim 1,
The first particles having negative charges and the second particles having positive charges are dispersed in the solvent to apply an electric field to control the gaps between the first particles and the gaps between the second particles. The distance between the second particle and the second particle is independently controlled by the electric field, and at least one of the first particle or the second particle causes the photonic crystal color to be expressed by an external voltage. Display method used Using the transparent upper electrode
After dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same sign in a solvent
By adjusting the spacing between the particles according to the voltage applied, it is possible to reflect light of a specific wavelength,
A display method using photonic crystallinity, wherein a specific voltage is locally applied to a portion of an upper or lower electrode to reflect a color of the lower electrode. Using the transparent upper electrode
After dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same sign in a solvent showing a specific color
By adjusting the spacing between the particles according to the voltage applied, it is possible to reflect light of a specific wavelength,
A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized in that a specific voltage is applied locally to a part of an upper or lower electrode to reflect the color of a solution. Using the transparent upper electrode
After dispersing in the solvent a plurality of first particles charged with the same reference charge and the distance between the particles is controlled according to an external voltage and a plurality of second particles charged with the opposite sign and having a specific color in a solvent.
As the voltage is adjusted from the outside, the first particles are arranged on the upper electrode to adjust the reflected wavelength,
And applying an electric field opposite to the electric field from the outside, so that the second particles are integrated on the upper electrode so that the color of the second particles can be displayed. Between at least one transparent upper and lower electrode,
After dispersing a plurality of particles having a different refractive index from the solvent and charged with the same sign in a solvent,
By applying an electric field from the outside to adjust the spacing of the plurality of particles,
The light from outside
It is characterized by being scattered by the dispersed particles below a certain voltage and translucent or opaque,
As the applied voltage increases, the spacing between particles is arranged regularly and gradually reflects light of short wavelength,
The method is characterized in that the visible light region is transmitted because the area shorter than the visible light is reflected above a certain voltage. The method of claim 1,
A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that the same voltage is applied to a plurality of divided electrodes, and the contrast of the reflected color is adjusted according to the area of the electrode to which the same voltage is applied. The method of claim 1,
A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized by applying a pulse voltage and adjusting the contrast of the reflected color according to the number of applied pulse voltages. The method of claim 1,
And controlling the intensity of light reflected from the photonic crystal formed by the array of particles by means of adjusting the intensity of light. The method of claim 1,
The means for adjusting the intensity of light is a display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that using one of the principle of liquid crystal, photonic crystal phenomenon, electrophoresis phenomenon, electrochemical surface characteristic change phenomenon. The method of claim 1,
A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that for controlling the brightness of the reflected light when a specific voltage is applied using a particle concentration control device. The method of claim 1,
At least two layers of the particles and the solvent, and mixed reflected light reflected from each layer to use the display method. A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that a combination of a reflective display and a light emitting display according to the display method of claim 1 or a shared component. A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that a combination of a reflective display and a solar cell according to the display method of claim 1 or shared components. The method of claim 1,
And generating electric energy using light passing through the particles, and applying the electric field using the electric energy. A display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that a combination of a reflective display and a fuel cell according to the display method of claim 1 or a shared component is used. A display method using photonic crystallinity, wherein the state of charge of the fuel cell is visually represented by a reflective display according to the display method of claim 1. The method of claim 1,
Particles of the reflective display according to the present invention by using the particles having a magnetic, the display method using a photonic crystal, characterized in that the photonic crystal properties can be adjusted independently of each other according to the external applied voltage and the applied magnetic field. After dispersing a plurality of particles charged with the same charge in a solvent and then applying an electric field to control the spacing between particles, the inter-particle spacing is maintained even after blocking the electric field in the photonic crystal display device that can control the reflected light. A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized by the above-mentioned. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
By adding an additive containing at least one anchoring group having a high affinity with the solvent to the solvent to adjust the resistance of the dispersed particles by the affinity between the additive and the solvent, the force of the electrophoresis upon application of the electric field The display method using photonic crystallinity, wherein the particles are movable, but the particles are restricted in movement when the electric field is blocked. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
By adding an additive containing at least one anchoring group with the particles to the solvent to adjust the resistance of the dispersed particles by the affinity between the additive and the particles, the force of the electrophoresis upon application of the electric field The display method using photonic crystallinity, wherein the particles are movable, but the particles are restricted in movement when the electric field is blocked. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
By adding an additive in the form of a polymer to the solvent to control the movement resistance of the dispersed particles by the complex molecular structure of the additive, the particles can be moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied, but when the electric field is blocked A display method using photonic crystallinity characterized by being limited to movement. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
By controlling the viscosity of the solvent to control the movement resistance of the particles in the solvent, the particles can be moved by the electrophoretic force when the electric field is applied, but when the electric field is blocked, the particles are limited to the movement Display method using photonic crystallinity. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
By using a phase-conversion material that is converted from a solid to a liquid according to the temperature as a solvent, the particles are converted to a liquid at a specific temperature or more, and the particles are easily moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied. And the particles are restricted in movement. 47. The method of claim 46 wherein
When the external light is irradiated by using a material that is phase-converted from a liquid to a solid according to external light irradiation as a solvent, the particles are easily moved by the electrophoretic force when an electric field is applied, but when the external light is irradiated The display method using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that the particles are limited to the movement is converted to. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 46,
The display device using a photonic crystal, characterized in that the solution contains a substance in a gel state. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 46,
A display device using photonic crystallinity characterized by using a solid electrolyte as a photonic crystal cell. Displaying at least one sample color on the sample area,
Obtaining an input signal relating to which one of the at least one sample color to be selected is selected, and
Displaying the selected sample color on a target area with reference to the obtained input signal
Display device using a photonic crystal, characterized in that it comprises a. The method of claim 55,
In at least one of the sample region display step and the target region display step,
A display device using photonic crystallinity, characterized in that to control an interval between the particles by applying an electric field in a state in which a plurality of charged particles are dispersed in a solvent. The method of claim 55,
And obtaining the input signal by sensing a force applied from the outside using a gyro sensor in the input signal acquiring step. The method of claim 55,
And in the obtaining of the input signal, acquiring the input signal by sensing a change in temperature using a temperature sensor. The method of claim 55,
And obtaining the input signal by detecting a change in humidity using a humidity sensor in the input signal obtaining step. The method of claim 55,
And obtaining the input signal by sensing a pressure by using a pressure sensor in the input signal obtaining step. The method of claim 55,
And in the input signal acquiring step, acquiring the input signal by sensing sound using an acoustic sensor. The method of claim 55,
And in the input signal acquiring step, acquire the input signal by sensing light using an optical sensor. The method of claim 55,
And in the obtaining of the input signal, acquiring the input signal in response to a predetermined time elapsed by using a timer. The method of claim 55,
And in the obtaining of the input signal, obtaining the input signal by sensing a change in the state of food. The method of claim 55,
And obtaining the input signal by detecting a change in current or voltage using a current or voltage sensor in the input signal acquiring step. The method of claim 55,
And in the obtaining of the input signal, acquiring the input signal by detecting a change in the magnetic field using a magnetic field sensor. The method of claim 55,
And obtaining a wireless input signal in the input signal acquiring step. The method of claim 55,
And the target area covers at least a portion of a surface of a device that can be driven by electricity. The method of claim 55,
And the target region is implemented as a flexible display that can be bent according to the curvature of the surface.
KR1020100072061A 2010-06-29 2010-07-26 Display method and device using photonic crystal characteristics KR20100091140A (en)

Priority Applications (21)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020100072061A KR20100091140A (en) 2010-07-26 2010-07-26 Display method and device using photonic crystal characteristics
KR1020110062195A KR101143489B1 (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-27 Surface display method and device
KR1020110062211A KR20120001635A (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-27 Surface display method and device
KR1020110062289A KR20120001637A (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-27 Surface display method and device
KR1020110062308A KR20120001639A (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-27 Surface display method and device
US13/388,983 US9625784B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-28 Method for tuning color of a display region and apparatus thereof
EP11801107.1A EP2590011A4 (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-28 Method for displaying surface and apparatus thereof
JP2013518244A JP2013539058A (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-28 Surface display method and apparatus
PCT/KR2011/004708 WO2012002701A2 (en) 2010-06-29 2011-06-28 Method for displaying surface and apparatus thereof
KR1020110068768A KR101160938B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-12 Display method and device
KR1020110068798A KR20120011785A (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-12 Display method and device
KR1020110068933A KR20120011786A (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-12 Display method and device
KR1020110068781A KR20120011784A (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-12 Display method and device
US13/388,300 US20120188295A1 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-13 Display device, display method and machine readable storage medium
PCT/KR2011/005136 WO2012011695A2 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-13 Display device, display method, and machine-readable storage medium
JP2013520641A JP6088427B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-13 Display device, display method, and computer-readable recording medium
EP11809822.7A EP2597512A4 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-13 Display device, display method, and machine-readable storage medium
KR1020110070760A KR101180118B1 (en) 2010-07-19 2011-07-18 Display method and device
US15/131,974 US20160232830A1 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-04-18 Display device, display method and machine readable storage medium
JP2016139157A JP2016197256A (en) 2010-06-29 2016-07-14 Surface display method and device
US15/942,325 US10803780B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2018-03-30 Display device, display method and machine readable storage medium

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KR20130020002A (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-27 삼성전자주식회사 Method of preparing mono disperse particle, mono disperse particle prepared by using the method, and tunable photonic crystal device using the mono disperse particle
KR101393433B1 (en) * 2012-10-05 2014-05-12 전자부품연구원 Light control device controlling core shell structured photonic crystal particle with electric method
KR20140112450A (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-23 주식회사 나노브릭 Reflective display device and method for controlling the same
KR101510387B1 (en) * 2013-02-01 2015-04-08 주식회사 나노브릭 Reflective display device and method for controlling the same
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KR101984763B1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-05-31 엔스펙트라 주식회사 Structure of Display Pannel and Method of Driving the Same
WO2020172053A1 (en) 2019-02-18 2020-08-27 The Regents Of The University Of California System and method for electrostatic alignment and surface assembly of photonic crystals for dynamic color exhibition
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US9336702B2 (en) 2011-08-01 2016-05-10 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Display apparatus and method of driving the same using photonic and electrophoresis principle
KR20130020002A (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-02-27 삼성전자주식회사 Method of preparing mono disperse particle, mono disperse particle prepared by using the method, and tunable photonic crystal device using the mono disperse particle
KR101393433B1 (en) * 2012-10-05 2014-05-12 전자부품연구원 Light control device controlling core shell structured photonic crystal particle with electric method
KR101510387B1 (en) * 2013-02-01 2015-04-08 주식회사 나노브릭 Reflective display device and method for controlling the same
KR20140112450A (en) * 2013-03-13 2014-09-23 주식회사 나노브릭 Reflective display device and method for controlling the same
KR20160048622A (en) * 2014-10-24 2016-05-04 삼성전자주식회사 Apparatus for displaying photonic crystal
KR20180032101A (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 삼성전자주식회사 Spectrometer and spectrometer module
KR20180018612A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-02-21 주식회사 나노브릭 A color changeable device
KR101984763B1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-05-31 엔스펙트라 주식회사 Structure of Display Pannel and Method of Driving the Same
WO2020172053A1 (en) 2019-02-18 2020-08-27 The Regents Of The University Of California System and method for electrostatic alignment and surface assembly of photonic crystals for dynamic color exhibition
EP3928132A4 (en) * 2019-02-18 2022-11-16 The Regents of the University of California System and method for electrostatic alignment and surface assembly of photonic crystals for dynamic color exhibition
CN112987440A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-18 合肥京东方光电科技有限公司 Display panel, display method thereof and display device
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