KR20100069553A - System preventing non-woven from mortar particles filled up the back space of pcl (precasting concrete lining) and method constructing the non-woven to pcl - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A drain system for a boundary face between a mortar layer and a non-woven using PCL panel lining and a construction method thereof are provided to drain water in a lateral drainpipe by preventing the outflow through a fine gap between a non-woven fabric and a PCL panel. CONSTITUTION: A drain system for a boundary face between a mortar layer and a non-woven using PCL panel lining comprises a rear space(40), an insertion support part(64), a lateral drainpipe(80), a non-woven fabric(82) and a waterproof sheet(84), a particle impermeableness layer(70), and a light weight bubble mortar(50). The rear space is formed by shotcrete(20) and a PCL panel based on an invert(60a). The insertion support part supports a horizontal bottom(62) of the invert and the invert supporting the lower end of the PCL panel. The lateral drainpipe is installed at the lower part of the boundary face of invert and shotcrete.

Description

Lightweight foam mortar layer and non-woven interface drainage system filled with lining back space using PCL panel lining and method of constructing it {System preventing non-woven from mortar particles filled up the back space of PCL (Precasting Concrete Lining) and method constructing the non-woven to PCL}

The present invention relates to a lightweight foam mortar layer and a nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining rear space using a PCL panel lining, and a method for constructing the same.

That is, the conventional "PCL panel lining system" is a method in which a constant back space is formed between the PCL panel lining and the shotcrete, the lightweight space mortar is filled in the back space.

In this way, since the nonwoven fabric and the waterproof sheet surrounding the side drain pipe and the filled lightweight bubble mortar are in direct contact with each other, the nonwoven fabric is rapidly occluded in the state in which the lightweight foam mortar is uncured.

The present invention is a drainage structure that improves the problem of the drainage structure of the conventional "PCL panel lining system" by forming a structure in which the filled lightweight foam mortar is not in direct contact with the nonwoven fabric and the waterproof sheet.

The present invention relates to a lightweight foam mortar layer and a nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining rear space using a PCL panel lining and a method of constructing the same.

In particular, in the "filled PCL panel lining system" of Applicant's Patent No. It is.

First, the concrete lining tunnel structure by the cast-in-place concrete method will be described.

This is illustrated in Figures 1A, 1B and 1C.

The nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are formed between the tunnel ground 10 and the concrete lining 30a, and the infiltration water penetrated into the ground passes through the side drain pipe 80 through the nonwoven fabric 82 and connects to the drainage pipe ( 86) is a structure that is drained to the main drain pipe (85). At this time, the non-woven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 is wrapped in the side drain pipe 80 is as shown in Figure 1c. The road surface 68 water is drained through the blind culvert 67. The inverted part is also made of concrete in the form of cast-in-place concrete. The nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surround the side drainage pipe 80 are the same in the present invention. The only difference is that it is a complex drainage pipe in which the main drainage pipe is formed together in the side drainage pipe (80).

Next, Patent No. 10-01511523 (hereinafter referred to as "filling type PCL panel lining system") will be described.

According to this, the rock bolt and the primary support material of the shotcrete 20 made a stable structure to support the load of the tunnel ground 10, and then the lining was manufactured at the factory unlike the site casting. 30 is assembled to form a lining. (See Figures 2 and 3)

In this case, the PCL panel 30 is spaced apart from the shotcrete 20 by a predetermined distance d. The rear space 40 is formed between the PCL panel 30 and the shotcrete 20 by the separation distance d. The separation distance d is about 10 cm.

Tunnel lining in the "filled PCL panel lining system" uses a PCL panel (30) manufactured in the factory, so the construction is simpler and easier than lining by site casting, and lightweight foam mortar ( By filling 50) together with the support structure by the primary support material, the support structure by the PCL panel 30 is achieved. Therefore, the support structure by the primary support material (that is, shotcrete and rock bolt) and the support structure by the PCL panel 30 form a double-shell structure with a certain design and analysis.

Filled lightweight foam mortar 50 serves to transfer the load of the tunnel ground 10 to the PCL panel 30. The tunnel ground 10 load thus transferred is supported by the PCL panel 30.

Typically, the tunnel ground 10 load is designed to be entirely supported by the primary support. This is the exclusion of in situ pour lining from the structural material because the bearing capacity of the in situ pour lining concrete is not certain.

Unlike on-site pour lining, the PCL panel 30 lining is a double cell because the lining of the lining ensures its strength and reliably transmits the tunnel ground load to the PCL panel 30 by the lightweight foam mortar 50 charged therein. The design and analysis of the (double-shell) structure form is clear, so it is a good structural material.

Since the PCL panel 30 is manufactured at the factory and the quality is verified, the strength is sufficient to support the transfer load.

 It should be distinguished from the "back space 40" and the "back cavity" normally used in the "filled PCL panel lining system."

The back space 40 in the "filled PCL panel lining system" is a constant space created in the entire tunnel by using the PCL panel 30 manufactured at the factory for the convenience and ease of tunnel lining construction. Is a large and small cavity caused by construction problems in the process of constructing the site-casting concrete lining to be in contact with the shotcrete 20, so that the "back space 40" and the "back cavity" are completely different technical terms.

The causes of the creation of Back Cavity are as follows.

Taking the NATM method as an example, the lining concrete is poured in a state in which the tunnel excavation surface is structurally stabilized by the shotcrete 20 and the rock bolt. Concrete mortar is injected in the state where jade-type iron formwork is installed. At this time, the concrete mortar injected into the crown portion (top end) of the jade-type iron formwork flows down in the direction of gravity by gravity. Jade formwork is not only high in height, but also because its slope is not gentle.

Gravity runoff is the main cause of `` rear cavity '' and material separation. In addition, the bleeding phenomenon overlaps, and the production of large and small "back cavity" becomes more weighted. Due to gravity, the `` back cavity '' at the top end is created larger than the other side parts.

In addition, if the groundwater is excessively inflowed, the large and small "back cavity" will be enlarged.

The "back cavity" produced in this way has the following results.

⒜ When the back cavity is present, the concentrated stress is applied to the lining concrete, which leads to cracking and deformation of the lining concrete structure.

⒝ The rear cavity repeatedly freezes and thaws the groundwater, resulting in the falling of the lining concrete structure.

발생 The occurrence of the rear cavity is concentrated in the tunnel crown, so the tunnel crown is the weakest part.

균열 Most of cracking of lining concrete structure is caused by back cavity between lining and ground.

As such, the tunnel lining rear cavity causes a problem that impairs the structural stability of the tunnel lining.

However, the "back space" in the conventional "filled PCL panel lining system" is a space created by using a factory-made PCL panel as a tunnel lining, and unlike the "back cavity", it is a constant space throughout the tunnel. In contrast, the Back Cavity is not a uniform shape throughout the tunnel, but a large and small irregular cavity.

The layer of lightweight foam mortar 50 filled in the "back space 40" of the conventional "filling type PCL panel lining system" serves two roles.

One is a load transfer role to uniformly transfer the load of the tunnel ground (10) to the lining of the PCL panel (30), and the other guides groundwater penetrated into the tunnel ground (10) to the side drain pipe (80) installed at the bottom. It serves as a drainage induction channel.

The tunnel ground (10) load is transmitted to the PCL panel (30) by the lightweight foam mortar (50) filled in the "back space 40", so as to reduce the burden of the PCL panel (30) lightweight filler (light weight Foam mortar).

In this way, the "filled PCL panel lining system" is a lightweight cell mortar (50) filled in the "back space (40)" not only performs the role of drainage induction and load transfer at the same time, but also has a double cell structure form. Although there is an advantage that it also serves as a structural material, it does not mention the drainage structure by the side drain pipe 80 in the vicinity of the invert (60a).

However, the shape and structure of the invert 60a in the conventional cast-in-place concrete lining method may not be applied to the "filled PCL panel lining system" as it is.

The "filled PCL panel lining system" has a "back space 40" formed by the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30, as shown in Figure 2, and the "back space 40" is light weight with high fluidity Bubble mortar (50) is filled, whereas the site-cast concrete lining method has a space between the shotcrete 20 and the concrete lining (30a) _ and in contact with each other, as shown in Figure 1, so that both the invert shape and Not only are the structures different, but the positions of the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are different.

Since the cast-in-place concrete lining method does not have a "back space 40", the problem of the drainage function of the side drain pipe 80 due to the outflow of the lightweight foam mortar 50 is not caused.

However, in the “PCL panel lining system” filled with lightweight foam mortar (50) in the “back space (40)”, unlike the cast-in-place concrete lining method, it prevents the particulates of the lightweight foam mortar (50) from flowing out into fine gaps. Is the most important. This is because the fine particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 flowing into the fine gap rapidly close the nonwoven fabric 82 surrounding the side drain pipe 80 at a high speed.

The outflow of the fine particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 is a phenomenon in which the lightweight foam mortar 50 filled in the "back space 40" occurs in an uncured state. This spillage does not occur in the hardened state.

In other words, since the light-bubble mortar (50) particles are leaked through the micro-gap of the interface from the time of filling the "back space 40", the drainage function of the lateral drain pipe (80) is obstructed in an instant.

When the drainage function by the side drain pipe 80 is blocked, the residual water pressure is applied to the layer of lightweight foam mortar 50. The residual hydraulic pressure not only impairs the structural stability of the PCL panel 30 lining, but also poses a problem to the structural stability of the entire tunnel.

Next, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 of the conventional "filled PCL panel lining system" will be described below and the problems thereof.

Tunnel lining of the conventional "filled PCL panel lining system" uses a PCL panel 30, but between the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30, a nonwoven fabric 82 and a waterproof sheet 84 are laid. As shown in Figure 3 and extends to the side drain pipe (80).

The non-woven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surround the lateral drainage pipe 80 as shown in FIG. 1C.

The nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are disposed in contact with the upper portion of the PCL panel 30, and a layer of lightweight foam mortar 50 is positioned on the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84.

The position where the side drain pipe 80 is installed is an interface between the shotcrete 20 and the lower large concrete pouring invert 60a. Since the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surround the side drain pipe 80, the position of the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 is also the boundary surface between the shotcrete 20 and the lower large concrete pouring invert 60a. to be.

Here, the invert 60a refers to an inverted arch structure.

The arched structure is the superstructure and the inverted arch is the substructure including the bottom surface.

The invert 60a includes a lower cavity 65 and a road surface.

From the point of view of structural dynamics, the arched superstructure and the inverted arched substructure are mutually supported to achieve a dynamic balance. As such, the tunnel structure is stable only when the arched superstructure and the inverted arched substructure are balanced with each other in terms of structural dynamics. Therefore, the timing of closing the invert 60a after the arched superstructure is shotcrete 20 is very important.

Now look at the construction sequence and the problems of the conventional "filling PCL panel lining system" in more detail as follows.

end. Construction order

 ⒜ The upper structure is a shotcrete 20 and rock bolts to be a stable structure.

 측 Large concrete pour invert (60a), which is a substructure in a state in which the side drain pipe (80) on the shotcrete (20) boundary, and the nonwoven fabric (82) and the waterproof sheet (84) wrapped thereon are folded to the shotcrete (20) boundary surface. Place the site.

 (8) Install PCL panel 30 based on large concrete pouring invert 60a. Along with the PCL panel 30, a nonwoven fabric 82 and a waterproof sheet 84 are also installed.

 경량 Filling the lightweight foam mortar 50 into the back space 40 formed by the shotcrete surface 20 and the PCL panel 30. Typically, the light foam mortar 50 has a fluidity similar to the behavior state, such as water.

I. problem

 ⒜ back space 40 is a space formed by shotcrete 20 and PCL panel 30. The rear space 40 is a space sealed by the large concrete pouring invert 60a while both sides are sealed by the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30.

 경량 Lightweight foam mortar 50 is injected into the sealed space.

 (2) The side drain pipe (80) is located at the interface between the shotcrete (20) and the large-crete placing invert (60a) and is wrapped with a nonwoven fabric (82) and a waterproof sheet (84), and the nonwoven fabric (82) and the waterproof sheet (84) are It is in contact with the PCL panel surface 30.

 ⒟ However, even if the space in which the lightweight foam mortar 50 is injected is sealed, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surrounding the side drain pipe 80 are connected to the PCL panel surface 30 so that the fluidity is large. The lightweight foam mortar 50 flows toward the side drain pipe 80 by riding the nonwoven fabric 82. In this way, when the lightweight foam mortar 50 flows out into the fine gap between the surface of the nonwoven fabric 82 and the PCL panel 30, the particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 block the nonwoven fabric 82 surrounding the lateral drainage pipe 80. Let's go. Since the particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 flow out into the micro-gap at the moment the lightweight foam mortar 50 is injected, the nonwoven fabric 82 surrounding the lateral drainage pipe 80 is immediately closed. This is because the lateral drainage pipe 80 is blocked by the nonwoven fabric 82 before the infiltration water penetrated from the tunnel ground 10 is hardened by the lightweight foam mortar 50, so that the drainage structure by the lateral drainage pipe 80 You won't be able to do anything. As a result, the residual hydraulic pressure is applied to the inside of the tunnel, which in turn affects the structural stability of the tunnel.

 ⒠ The side drain pipe 80 is installed at the interface between the shotcrete 20 and the large concrete pouring invert 60a, and the non-woven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surround the side drain pipe 80 and the nonwoven fabric 82 and The above problems always exist as long as the waterproof sheet 84 is extended and inserted into the sealed space. This is because the nonwoven fabric 82 connected to the closed space is always the main culprit that becomes a fine gap.

 ⒡ The present invention is not intended to solve the problem of blockage of the nonwoven fabric 82 due to white carbon (CaCO3) produced by the chemical reaction of the light foam mortar (50), but the fine particles of the light foam mortar (50) through a fine gap To solve the problem of blocking the nonwoven fabric 82 in a moment.

 (2) Occlusion caused by white matter due to chemical reaction of lightweight foam mortar (50) has a very long period of generation and growth, while the lightweight foam mortar (50) is uncured, that is, before the microparticles cause chemical reaction, The problem of occlusion differs radically from the present invention in which 50) flows out through the micro-gap as it is and immediately occludes the nonwoven fabric.

The present invention is formed by the PCL panel lining, the back space is formed, the non-woven fabric wrapped in the side drain pipe installed under the inverted structure of the lower structure in the state in which the non-woven fabric and the waterproof sheet is not installed in the state in which the lightweight foam mortar is injected By extending and inserting the permeable layer, it is intended to prevent the light-bubble mortar particles from flowing out in the uncured state as soon as possible through the micro-gap between the nonwoven fabric and the PCL panel lining interface. The purpose of this is to prevent the occlusion of the side drainage pipes so that the drainage of the side drainage pipes can be carried out smoothly, and the nonwoven fabric and the waterproof sheet wrapped around the side drainage pipes are installed only to the fine particle impermeable layer and are not installed otherwise. To facilitate the tunnel There is a further object to be as efficient and economical.

According to the present invention, it is inevitable that the light-foaming mortar (50) particles filled in the back space 40 of the conventional "filling type PCL panel lining system" flow out through the micro-gap of the interface of the nonwoven fabric 82 in an uncured state. Even if it prevents the clogging of the nonwoven fabric 82 and the non-woven fabric 82 that surrounds the side drain pipe 80 due to the outflow of the fine particles to ensure the drainage of the side drain pipe 40 smoothly.

Related parts are the insertion support 64 of the inverts 60a and 60b on which the PCL panel 30 is supported based on the inverts 60a and 60b, and the rear surface of the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30. Lightweight bubbles filled with the particulate impermeable layer 70 in the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the inverts 60a and 60b sealing the space 40 and the back space 40 above the horizontal bottom surface 62. The mortar 540 is formed.

The nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surround the side drain pipe 80 and are provided only up to the particulate impermeable layer 70. This is because the PCL panel uses a PCL panel having a drainage structure at the edge of the panel. The PCL panel in which the drainage structure is formed is a PCL panel structure already patented by the inventor. Therefore, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are not installed over the entire PCL panel, and only the fine particle impermeable layer 70 is provided in the side drain pipe 80.

Under such a premise, the configuration of the present invention is as follows.

In the "PCL panel lining system" having a back space 40 made up of the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30, filling the lightweight foam mortar 50 in the back space 40

The horizontal bottom surface 62 of the inverts 60a and 60b which are in contact with the lower end of the back space 40 formed by the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30 on the basis of the inverts 60a and 60b. The insertion support 64 of the inverts 60a and 60b supporting the lower end of the PCL panel 30 while being positioned below the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the 60a and 60b, the shotcrete 20 and the invert ( 60A, 60B, the side drainage pipe 80 provided below the boundary surface, and the boundary surface of the shotcrete 20 and the invert 60a, 60b while surrounding the side drainage pipe 80, and of the invert 60a, 60b. Extends through the horizontal bottom surface 62 to the particulate impermeable layer 70, and together with the particulate impermeable layer 70, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 provided to be in contact with the PCL panel 30. P characterized in that the particulate impermeable layer 70 is formed in the drainage space 40 on the horizontal bottom surface 62 of (60a) (60b), and the light-bubble mortar 50 is formed thereon. It is a lightweight bubble mortar layer and nonwoven interface drainage system filled with lining back space using CL panel lining.

Here, the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the inverts 60a and 60b, and the insertion support 64, regardless of whether it is made by cast-in-place concrete or by precast blocks. The precast block will hereinafter be referred to as "precast abutment block 60b". The “precast abutment block 60b” has the advantage of superior quality and quick construction compared to on-site casting.

The fine particle impermeable layer 70 is a layer for preventing the fine particles of the light-foamed mortar 50 from passing through, and the permeability coefficient k made of continuous pores is most important.

The permeability coefficient k of the continuous void of the fine particle impermeable layer 70 of the present invention is 1 × 10 ⁰ to 1 × 10 ⁻² cm / sec.

The permeability coefficient k of the continuous void is formed under the following conditions.

In other words, it consists of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, and the weight ratio of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate is fine aggregate: coarse aggregate = 7-9: 1 ~ 3, and the particle size range of fine aggregate is 4.5mm ~ 0.08mm, and the size range of coarse aggregate is 10mm ~ 4.5mm The thickness (h) of the impermeable layer is 20-50 cm.

The continuous void of the permeability coefficient k formed under the above conditions is larger than the diameter of the fine particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50.

However, the fine particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 do not penetrate the continuous void of the permeability coefficient k.

The mechanism for this is described as follows.

Continuous voids do not mean that the voids are arranged in a straight line. Continuous voids are pores that are long in zigzag communication from top to bottom of impermeable layer 70. The pores are zigzag continuous pores without independent pores (or closed pores), so the surface area of the pores is that large.

In addition, since the fine particles of the light-foamed mortar 50 are very small, they have a property of easily adhering to the surface of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The fine particles of the light-foamed mortar 50 have a great adhesion.

The light-foaming mortar 50 particles are attached from the tip of the impermeable layer 70 while passing through the thickness h of the impermeable layer 70. If the size of the air gap of the impermeable layer 70 is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the light-foamed mortar 50 particles, the pores of the impermeable layer 70 are accumulated in the surface portion of the impermeable layer 70 and the surface portion of the impermeable layer 70 is Particulates are completely occluded.

In the state where the size of the void of the impermeable layer 70 is smaller than the diameter of the particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50, the particles of the lightweight foam mortar 50 accumulated in the surface portion of the impermeable layer 70 cannot escape to the lower portion below. . To escape down there must be a larger void at the bottom to accommodate the particulates, since there is no such void.

However, even if the light-bubble mortar (50) particles are accumulated in the upper portion and the upper end, if there are enough continuous voids larger than the light-bubble mortar (50) particles in the lower portion, the particles accumulated in the surface and the upper portion slowly flows down It accumulates in the continuous voids formed at the lower end and flows to the voids below it.

Within 20 to 50 cm of thickness h of the impermeable layer 70, the fine particles accumulate by the above mechanism, and again flow by the lower voids. While repeating this, only water is finally passed through the impermeable layer 70.

It is for this reason that the permeability coefficient k of the continuous void is set to 1 × 10 ⁰ to 1 × 10 ⁻² cm / sec and the thickness h of the impermeable layer 70 to 20 to 50 cm in the present invention.

When the thickness (h) of the impermeable layer (70) is 20 cm or less, water passing through the impermeable layer (80) is in a state in which light air bubbles mortar (50) fine particles are mixed. It is good in that there is no mixing of fine particles, but instead of filling the back space 40 with the light-foamed mortar 50, a heavier impermeable layer 70 is formed. Therefore, the load burden that the PCL panel 30 lining must support This becomes large and becomes structurally disadvantageous.

The particle size ranges of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate were 4.5 mm to 0.08 mm, 10 mm to 4.5 mm, and the compounding ratio was 7 to 9: 1 to 3, respectively, for the thickness of the impermeable layer 70 having continuous pores ( h) It is for the light-bubble mortar (50) microparticles to easily flow from the surface layer portion → the upper portion → the lower portion at 20 ~ 50cm while the residual pores of the impermeable layer 70 is sufficient to sufficiently retain the particles.

Particles of the attached light-foamed mortar 50 flow down by sufficient continuous voids formed at the lower end while gradually decreasing the continuous voids of the permeability coefficient k. According to the experiment, when the particles of the light-bubble mortar 50 remain in the continuous pores of the impermeable layer 70 while the light-bubble mortar 50 is cured, the adhesion concentration of the fine particles gradually decreases toward the lower end and the fire After passing through the permeable layer 70, it was found that almost water only passed.

Lightweight foam mortar (50) after curing the light-bubble foam mortar (50) because the light-bubble mortar (50) filled in the back space 40 flows into the fine gap of the non-woven fabric 82 boundary surface only in the uncured state Particles do not flow out.

Since the present invention is formed by the PCL panel lining, the nonwoven fabric wrapped in the lateral drainage pipe installed in the lower part of the inverted structure under the state of injecting lightweight foam mortar into the rear space is extended and inserted into the fine particle impermeable layer. The micro-gap between the nonwoven fabric and the PCL panel lining interface prevents the light-bubble mortar fine particles from flowing out in the uncured state as it is, and prevents the non-woven from clogging, so that the drainage of the side drain pipe can be smoothly performed. There is.

In addition, since the drainage is smooth, there is no residual water pressure, so the tunnel structure is stable.

Non-woven fabric and waterproof sheet wrapped in the side drainage pipe are installed only up to the fine particle impermeable layer and are not installed elsewhere. Thus, tunnel construction is efficient and economical by facilitating the installation work of non-woven fabric and waterproof sheet. In addition, if the abutment block is precast, tunnel construction can be performed quickly and efficiently.

Referring to the method for constructing a light foam mortar layer 50 and the nonwoven fabric 82 boundary drainage system filled with the lining rear space 40 using the PCL panel 30 lining of the present invention.

First, a method of placing concrete inverted abutment (abutment) of the portion including the concrete inverting (60a), especially the lateral drainage pipe and the cavity.

After the shotcrete 20 is poured into the tunnel ground 10, the casting invert 60a is poured into concrete. While the non-woven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surrounding the side drain pipe 80 are installed to the upper portion of the interface between the shotcrete 10 and the concrete pouring invert 60a, and the surface portion of the concrete pouring invert 60a Forming a horizontal bottom surface (62) and an insertion support (64) thereon;

(3) installing the PCL panel 30 lining to have the shotcrete 10 and the rear space d, wherein the PCL panel 30 lining end is supported by the insertion support 64 of the casting invert 60a with concrete;

(B) firmly fixing to the insertion support portion 64 of the pouring invert 60a with concrete with the PCL panel 30 lining end inserted therein;

In the step ⒟, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 which are installed while enclosing the side drain pipe 80 are contacted with the PCL panel 30 lining through the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the concrete invert 60a. Installing so as not to leave the impermeable layer 70;

콘크리트 Pitch of continuous air gap with coarse aggregate and coarse aggregate satisfying the below particle size range and weight ratio on the upper part of horizontal bottom surface 62 of pour invert 60a with nonwoven fabric 82 and waterproof sheet 84 The coefficient (k) is 1 × 10 ⁰ to 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec, and an impermeable layer 70 having a thickness (h) of 20 to 50 cm is formed, but the particle size range of the fine aggregate is 4.5 mm to 0.08 mm. And, the particle size range of the coarse aggregate is 10mm ~ 4.5mm and the weight ratio is the remaining aggregate: coarse aggregate = 7-9: 1 to 3 conditions to form an impermeable layer 70;

Filling the lightweight foam mortar 50 in the back space 40; a method of constructing a lightweight foam mortar layer and a nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining back space using a PCL panel lining.

Next, a method of installing the invert of the part including the precast abutment block 60b, that is, the side drain pipe 80 and the cavity port 65, as the precast abutment block. Explain.

It is easier and easier to construct a precast abutment block 60b than to cast the abutment of the part containing the lateral drainage pipe 80 and the cavity 65 into field concrete. fast.

The horizontal bottom surface 62 and the insertion support part 64 are formed in the surface part of the abutment block of the part containing the lateral drain pipe 80 and the cavity port 65 as shown in FIG. This is the same shape as cast concrete in the field, except that it is precast in the factory.

The construction procedure by the precast abutment block 60b is as follows.

After the shotcrete 20 is placed on the tunnel ground 10, the precast abutment block 60b having the horizontal bottom surface 62 and the insertion support 64 formed on the surface thereof is in contact with the shotcrete 10. The side drain pipe 80 is installed below the precast abutment block 60b, and the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 that surround the side drain pipe 80 are the shotcrete 10 and the precast abutment. Injecting non-contraction mortar (69) into the space between the shotcrete (10) and the precast abutment block (60b) while being installed to extend above the boundary surface of the butt block (60b);

PC Install the PCL panel 30 lining to have shotcrete 10 and the back space d, but the PCL panel 30 lining end is supported on the insertion support 64 of the precast abutment block 60b. step;

(B) firmly fixing with non-contraction mortar 69 to the insertion support 64 of the precast abutment block 60b into which the PCL panel 30 lining end is inserted;

In the step ⒟, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 which are installed while enclosing the lateral drainage pipe 80 pass through the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the precast abutment block 60b and the lining of the PCL panel 30. A step of making the contact surface while leaving the opaque layer 70;

연속 Continuous voids having fine aggregates and coarse aggregates satisfying the following weight ratios and particle size ranges on top of the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the precast abutment block 60b on which the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are installed. The permeability coefficient of (k) is 1 × 10 ⁰ ~ 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec, and the impermeable layer (70) having a thickness (h) of 20 to 50 cm to form a fine aggregate particle size range of 4.5mm ~ 0.08mm, the size range of the coarse aggregate is 10mm ~ 4.5mm and the weight ratio is fine aggregate: coarse aggregate = 7-9: 1 to 3 conditions to form an impermeable layer 70;

Filling the lightweight foam mortar 50 in the back space 40; a method of constructing a lightweight foam mortar layer and a nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining back space using a PCL panel lining.

Meanwhile, the PCL panel uses a PCL panel having a drainage structure formed at an edge of the panel. Since the PCL panel with the drainage structure is used, there is no need to install nonwoven fabric and waterproof sheet over the back of the PCL panel. Since the infiltration water penetrated into the PCL panel having the drainage structure is drained through the corners, it is drained to a separate drain hole instead of the side drain pipe.

In addition, the side drain pipe (80) provided below the precast abutment block (60b) is a configuration in which the main drain pipe (85) is built into the side drain pipe (80) as a composite drain pipe.

Referring to the configuration of the present invention as described above with reference to specific embodiments as follows.

EXAMPLE

1. Experimental conditions

    1) Lightweight foam mortar [Foamed Concrete (Conc.)]

    2) Lightweight foam mortar fine particle impermeable material properties

    3) Schematic diagram of experimental equipment

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of non-woven fabric and lightweight foam mortar interface drainage experiment

2. Experimental Results

    1) Summary of results

    2) Summary

    ① In the microparticle spill test, if there is no impermeable layer, it is impossible to proceed further experiments because the microparticles are leaked at the beginning of the experiment. The spill did not happen at all.

② In the permeability coefficient experiment, measurement was impossible as in the microparticle leakage experiment, and the permeability coefficient value of 1.09 × 10 ^-3 cm / sec was shown in the case of the impermeable layer. This value was almost satisfied with the designed permeability coefficient, and it was judged that there was no problem in the drainage function of the lightweight foam mortar.

    ③ As a result of the experiment on the comparison of the flow rate (q), it shows the change characteristic of q according to the change of i (hydraulic slope: hydraulic pressure) and P (load applied to the nonwoven fabric). In other words, Figure 1 is a graph comparing the flow rate of lightweight foam mortar with an impermeable layer and the existing nonwoven fabric according to the change of hydraulic pressure (i = 5, 10, 15). In addition, the cumulative flow rate of light foam mortar was about 20-30% higher in all three cases of i, 5, 10, and 15 than in the case of P = 0.6, which is the largest in the lightweight group. When the compressive force was not applied (non-woven fabric P = 0, lightweight foam mortar), the flow rate showed a significant difference, which confirmed the drainage performance of the lightweight foam mortar.

    3) Result graph

Figure 2. Cumulative Outflow by Hydraulic Slope

3. Consideration

  Lightweight foam mortar with an impermeable layer has a thickness (drainage space) of about 17 times that of the nonwoven fabric, which is the tunnel drainage material of the existing cast-in-place lining method, and independent bubbles and continuous bubbles are formed like spider webs to reduce the blockage phenomenon. As such, the composite lining method will have a significant impact on improving drainage performance of tunnel drains. However, if the impermeable layer was not formed, the lightweight foam mortar leaked with water immediately after pouring and it was impossible to proceed with the experiment.

1A is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a conventional site-cast concrete tunnel cross section

FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the inverted portion of FIG. 1A

Figure 1c is a cross-sectional view showing a form in which the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 is wrapped in the side drain pipe (80)

2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an inverted part in which a lightweight foam mortar layer filled with a lining rear space using a PCL panel lining of the present invention and a non-woven interface drainage system are poured into concrete;

3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an inverted part formed of a precast (PC) block of a lightweight foam mortar layer and a nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining rear space using a PCL panel lining of the present invention;

※ Brief Description of Drawings

10; Tunnel Ground,

20; Shotcrete,

30; PCL panel, 30a; Concrete lining

40; Space,

50; Lightweight foam mortar

60a; Concrete placing invert, 62; Horizontal bottom, 64; Insertion support, 65; Cavity bulb, 67; Blind cancer, 68; Road surface, 69; Anhydrous mortar

60b; Precast Abortment Block

70; Particulate impermeable layer,

80; Lateral drainage pipe, 82; Nonwovens, 84; Waterproof sheet, 85; Main drain pipe, 86;

Claims (4)

In the "PCL panel lining system" having a back space 40 made up of the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30, filling the lightweight foam mortar 50 in the back space 40 The horizontal bottom surface 62 of the inverts 60a and 60b which are in contact with the lower end of the back space 40 formed by the shotcrete 20 and the PCL panel 30 on the basis of the inverts 60a and 60b. The insertion support 64 of the inverts 60a and 60b supporting the lower end of the PCL panel 30 while being positioned below the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the 60a and 60b, the shotcrete 20 and the invert ( 60A, 60B, the side drainage pipe 80 provided below the boundary surface, and the boundary surface of the shotcrete 20 and the invert 60a, 60b while surrounding the side drainage pipe 80, and of the invert 60a, 60b. Extends through the horizontal bottom surface 62 to the particulate impermeable layer 70, and together with the particulate impermeable layer 70, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 provided to be in contact with the PCL panel 30. PC characterized in that the particulate impermeable layer 70 is formed in the drainage space 40 on the horizontal bottom surface 62 of (60a) (60b), and the lightweight foam mortar 50 is formed thereon. Lightweight bubble mortar layer and nonwoven interface drainage system with lining backing space using L panel lining The method of claim 1 Lightweight foam mortar layer and nonwoven interface drainage system filled with lining back space using PCL panel lining, characterized in that the invert is formed of a precast abutment block 60b. After the shotcrete 20 is poured into the tunnel ground 10, the casting invert 60a is poured into concrete. While the non-woven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 surrounding the side drain pipe 80 are installed to the upper portion of the interface between the shotcrete 10 and the concrete pouring invert 60a, and the surface portion of the concrete pouring invert 60a Forming a horizontal bottom surface (62) and an insertion support (64) thereon; (3) installing the PCL panel 30 lining to have the shotcrete 10 and the rear space d, wherein the PCL panel 30 lining end is supported by the insertion support 64 of the casting invert 60a with concrete; (B) firmly fixing to the insertion support portion 64 of the pouring invert 60a with concrete with the PCL panel 30 lining end inserted therein; ⒜ In step ⒜, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 which are installed while enclosing the lateral drain pipe 80 are contacted with the PCL panel 30 lining through the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the casting invert 60a. While installing so as not to leave the impermeable layer 70; 콘크리트 Pitch of continuous voids with coarse aggregate and coarse aggregate satisfying the following particle size range and weight ratio on the upper part of horizontal bottom surface 62 of pour invert 60a with concrete installed with nonwoven fabric 82 and waterproof sheet 84 The coefficient (k) is 1 × 10 ⁰ to 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec, and an impermeable layer 70 having a thickness (h) of 20 to 50 cm is formed, but the particle size range of the fine aggregate is 4.5 mm to 0.08 mm. And, the particle size range of the coarse aggregate is 10mm ~ 4.5mm and the weight ratio is the remaining aggregate: coarse aggregate = 7-9: 1 to 3 conditions to form an impermeable layer 70; Filling the lightweight space mortar (50) in the back space (40); a method of constructing a lightweight foam mortar layer and nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining back space using a PCL panel lining, characterized in that consisting of After the shotcrete 20 is placed on the tunnel ground 10, the precast abutment block 60b having the horizontal bottom surface 62 and the insertion support 64 formed on the surface thereof is in contact with the shotcrete 10. The side drain pipe 80 is installed below the precast abutment block 60b, and the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 that surround the side drain pipe 80 are the shotcrete 10 and the precast abutment. Injecting non-contraction mortar (69) into the space between the shotcrete (10) and the precast abutment block (60b) while being installed to extend above the boundary surface of the butt block (60b); PC Install the PCL panel 30 lining to have shotcrete 10 and the back space d, but the PCL panel 30 lining end is supported on the insertion support 64 of the precast abutment block 60b. step; (B) firmly fixing with non-contraction mortar 69 to the insertion support 64 of the precast abutment block 60b into which the PCL panel 30 lining end is inserted; In the step ⒟, the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 which are installed while enclosing the lateral drainage pipe 80 pass through the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the precast abutment block 60b and the lining of the PCL panel 30. A step of making the contact surface while leaving the opaque layer 70; 연속 Continuous voids having fine aggregates and coarse aggregates satisfying the following weight ratios and particle size ranges on top of the horizontal bottom surface 62 of the precast abutment block 60b on which the nonwoven fabric 82 and the waterproof sheet 84 are installed. The permeability coefficient of (k) is 1 × 10 ⁰ ~ 1 × 10 ^-2 cm / sec, and the impermeable layer (70) having a thickness (h) of 20 to 50 cm to form a fine aggregate particle size range of 4.5mm ~ 0.08mm, the size range of the coarse aggregate is 10mm ~ 4.5mm and the weight ratio is fine aggregate: coarse aggregate = 7-9: 1 to 3 conditions to form an impermeable layer 70; Filling the lightweight space mortar (50) in the back space (40); a method of constructing a lightweight foam mortar layer and nonwoven interface drainage system filled with a lining back space using a PCL panel lining, characterized in that consisting of

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