KR20100054704A - Silicate, iron powder and calcium gypsum coated seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A coated seed is provided to prevent a damage from birds, to improve the low temperature resistance and the insect resistance, and to prevent the seed from flowing by wind. CONSTITUTION: A coated seed(20) is coated by a coating material(21) including silicic acid and slaked lime as an active ingredient. The weight ratio of the silicic acid, the slaked lime and the seed is 20~40:20~40:40~60. The thickness of the coating is 1~3 times thicker than a skin of the seed. The seed is selected form the group consisting of rice plant, barley, mill, bean, corn. The coating material additional includes more than one component selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur.

Description

Silicate, iron powder and calcium gypsum coated seed}

The present invention relates to a coating seed coated with a coating material containing silicic acid and calcined gypsum or silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum as active ingredients.

Rice plants such as rice and barley are known to absorb silicic acid in large amounts. In addition, silicic acid is known to be important not only for rice plants but also for planting plants such as sugar cane, corn, cucumber or strawberry. For example, in rice, about 15% of silicic acid is contained in the dry matter of straw, and it is said that it forms the stem and leaf skeleton of rice. When rice and plants lack silicic acid, there is a problem that less silicic acid in the epidermal cells, the stems become weak and fall down easily, and also susceptible to diseases such as blast furnace. Therefore, siliceous fertilizer is mainly used in Munon as a water fertilizer. In addition to rice, it is also used for barley, sugar cane, and corn.

In Korea, rice seedlings are mainly machine seeding box seedlings, which are placed in a plastic box of 60 x 30 x 3cm, seeded with water, sown, and covered again, and germinated using warming and warming facilities such as greenhouses or vinyl houses. At this time, the topsoil used is artificial clays or mediums based on paddy or field tops or soils, and mixes nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and kali about 1g per box on the basis of use.

In growing rice plants, there is a problem in that when the silicic acid is insufficient at the stage of the seedling, the strength of the stem is weak and the growth of the seedling is not good.

The silicic acid is usually sprayed in the form of powder, the advantage that the silicic acid can be sprayed as it is when spraying and can be efficiently sprayed using a multi-diffuser. However, spraying in the form of powder is difficult to apply to crops that require residual activity because of poor adhesion to crops compared to liquid spraying agents such as emulsions and emulsions. In addition, since the adhesion and sticking property is poor, there is a problem that the amount of silicic acid to be dropped per unit area. In addition, the biggest problem when spraying in the form of powder is that the dust of the powder is small, causing the environmental pollution by drifting scattered silicic acid. In general, the average particle diameter of the powder is about 10 µm, and most of the particles are 3 to 30 µm. The results investigated to date have reported that more than 50% of powders are scattered in packaging and other purposes.

Small and light seeds are not only difficult to sow, but also need to be removed after sowing and careful attention is given to the management of sowing. Therefore, a technique for coating a specific material on the surface of the seed has been developed to facilitate the mechanical seeding of small or light seed, and to extend the life of the seed. For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 76-287 discloses a method of coating the surface of seeds using a mixture of an electrodeposition agent, an extender, plant hormones, phytonutrients and fungicides, and Korean Patent Publication No. 95-1845 The issue uses 50-100 ppm GA 3 plant hormones, 100-500-fold dilution of nutrients from class 4 complex fertilizer, clay, bentonite, talc, using polyox-10 and polyox-750 adhesives. Disclosed is a method for treating seed coating of a coating material comprising volcanic ash, kaolin, calcium, wood flour, and bone meal, and insecticides and fungicides. However, the seeds produced by the above patent methods have a problem in that it is difficult to protect the seeds from various algae during the spreading of the field because the coating thickness of the seeds is generally thin. In addition, most of the time required for germination in the packaging, as well as when the soil is too humid or dry, the coating material on the surface of the seed does not decompose and destroy, there was a problem that the germination is not at all or rot. Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0426809, such as active carbon, gypsum, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, talc, zeolite, vermiculite, In the group consisting of bentonite, kaolin, clay, diatomaceous earth and peatmoss, an effective material was selected for seed granulation, and in granulating the seed using the material alone, When granulating seeds by mixing two or more materials than when granulating, it was found that the effect was higher in terms of shape, uniformity and hardness, but was coated with two or more materials. It was confirmed that the seed germination rate was slightly slower and the germination rate was lower than the untreated seed.

Accordingly, the present inventors have made a thorough research to overcome the problems of the prior art, as a result of kneading silicic acid or silicic acid and iron powder with calcined gypsum and coating seeds, promotes early germination, sticking and seedling growth of seeds, It not only increases the photosynthesis and improves the ripening rate by upright form of plant tissues (leaves, stems, etc.), but also prevents damage to birds (birds) by covering seed shells for a certain period of time after seed coating and sowing, Heavier loads were confirmed that the yield increases even in the case of cultivation in a general purpose by using a helicopter, aircraft, etc., and completed the present invention.

Therefore, the main object of the present invention is not to flow according to the wave (water flow) generated by the wind, etc., to prevent damage to algae (birds), low temperature resistance, growth characteristics of the vertical distribution of rice tissue (leaf, etc.), Promotes photosynthesis and siliceization of rice plant tissues (leaves, stems, etc.) to provide seeds of silicic acid and calcined gypsum or silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum having resistance to insect resistance and doping resistance.

Another object of the present invention is to increase the yield of crops by using the silicic acid and calcined gypsum or silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum seed for the cultivation of crops such as rice or soybean.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a coating seed coated with a coating material containing silicic acid and calcined gypsum as an active ingredient, and in some cases, may also be a silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum coating. In the present invention, when using the silicic acid and iron coated on the seed, the seed is heavy even under the load of silicic acid and iron itself so that the coated seed sinks to the surface of the ground even in fresh water, so that the seed may flow even under the influence of wind. Prevents movement In addition, the silicic acid component coated on the surface of the coated seed in fresh water and reduced state increases the oxidizing power of the seed root, promotes the absorption of inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, kali, etc.), and the alkalinity of siliceous fertilizer neutralizes the organic acid in the plant root zone. By selectively absorbing nutrients according to the type of organic acid, phenomena resulting from nutrient imbalance can be reduced. Moreover, under freshwater conditions, coated silicic acid promotes crop growth by minimizing the physiological disorders caused by toxic substances such as heavy metals, hydrogen fluoride and sulfides. Therefore, when seeding is carried out by silicic acid coating treatment of seeds, it is effective in early germination, lubrication, and seedling growth in fresh water (or munon, wet field), compared to no treatment (practical), especially in direct cultivation. In addition, silicic acid increases the yield of crops by increasing the photosynthesis and improving the ripening rate by uprighting the superstructure of plant tissues (leaves, stems, etc.) such as rice plants, barley, sugar cane, corn, cucumber or strawberry. Especially, during the ripening period of rice, silicic acid has the effect of preventing film degeneration at low temperature, improving the ripening rate, increasing the grain size, decreasing the occurrence rate of deformed leaves, and reducing the freezing effect. It is effective in reducing the morbidity rate of rice blasts. Silicate reduces the protein content in the grain room of rice and improves the taste and enhances the taste.

In addition, calcined gypsum used in the preparation of the coated seed of the present invention is kneaded with silicic acid or silicic acid and iron, used for the coating of seeds, and functions to wrap the seed shell for a certain period of time after seed coating and sowing. In addition, in the case of coating with calcined gypsum without coating silicic acid alone, when the silicic acid is directly applied to the open field, silicic acid molecules are scattered and the fertilization effect is reduced, and environmental pollution such as inhalation of scattered silicic acid can be prevented. Can be. In the present invention, when the seed is coated with the silicic acid in combination with the silicic acid and the seed is grown in a straight line, it is possible to prevent damage caused by algae (bird), so that the coated seed sinks on the ground surface even in fresh water. It prevents seeds from moving even when water flows due to wind, and prevents seeds from growing unevenly on the ground with a deep slope even when spraying large quantities of seeds coated with aircraft. Generates. That is, according to the present invention, even in the case of seeding the seed where water is standing, it is possible to prevent the seed from being floated on the water or the seed gathering on one side due to the surface condition of the wave and the surface. Silicic acid, which helps to upright the sieve, is coated with plaster, so that seeds or mechanized sowing can be carried out in fields or mountains, and at the same time, sowing can be carried out by aerial spraying. In addition, calcined gypsum used in the seed coating of the present invention has a strong water absorption ability to smoothly supply moisture from the ground surface to the seed. In the present invention, as a material capable of weighting the load of the seed, such as calcined gypsum, can be used as an extender because the specific gravity is relatively heavy, it is not harmful to the seed, strong hygroscopicity, and any material having a large water storage capacity Although it may be used as a substitute for calcined gypsum, talc, perlite, kaoline, bentonite, bemiculite, or the like may be used in combination with or substituted with gypsum. When the seed of the present invention is sown in munon or wet field, the seed germinates for a certain period and forms a protective film until the crop is grown. When the silicic acid and calcined gypsum collapse during the germination growth of seeds, the roots spread to the ground and secondaryly absorb nutrients from the surface or fertilizers such as fertilizer and grow.

In the silicic acid and calcined gypsum coated seed of the present invention, the silicic acid, calcined gypsum and seed may be used in any ratio in which the silicic acid can be coated on the seed, but preferably 20 to 40 wt% silicic acid, 20 to 40 wt% It is preferred to be a coated seed having a calcined gypsum of and a weight ratio of seeds of 40 to 60% by weight.

In the silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum coated seed of the present invention, the silicic acid, iron, calcined gypsum and seed may be used in any ratio in which the silicic acid may be coated on the seed, but preferably 5 to 15% by weight of silicic acid, 10 It is preferred to be a coating seed having a weight ratio of 20 to 20% by weight of iron, 3 to 7% by weight of plaster, and 60 to 80% by weight of seeds.

In the coated seed of the present invention, the coated seed is mixed with the silicic acid and calcined gypsum when coating the seed has an effect of improving the germination and growth of the seed at any thickness, preferably seed shell (shell) It is preferable to coat at a thickness of 2 to 5 times the thickness, and most preferably at a thickness of 3 times. Seeds of all plants are higher in germination rate when seeded to the depth of three times the thickness of the seed shell (envelopment) when sowing to the ground. Therefore, if the seed of the coating is sown by limiting the thickness of the coating as described above, This is because they have the optimum conditions for seed to germinate through the thickness of the coating.

In the coated seed of the present invention, the seed is preferably any one seed selected from a crop consisting of rice, barley, wheat, soybean, corn. This is because when the seed is cultivated using the seed, the silicic acid contained in the coating material increases the yield of crops by increasing the photosynthesis and improving the ripening rate by making the mold upright.

In the coating seed of the present invention, the coating material itself contains silicic acid, the silicic acid contained increases the oxidizing power of the seed root, helps balance absorption of inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, kali, etc.), alkali of the silicic acid May promote the growth of crops by neutralizing organic acids in the plant root zone, but more preferably selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), kali (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). It may further comprise one or more fertilizer components to promote the growth of the crop. The addition ratio of the nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), kali (K), magnesium (Mg), or sulfur (S) component can be appropriately adjusted according to the crop, the addition of the fertilizer component according to the crop Well known to those skilled in the art.

Hereinafter, the production of coating seeds coated with a coating material containing the silicic acid and calcined gypsum of the present invention and the cultivation of the coating seeds will be described in more detail.

The inventors of the present invention to achieve the above object, silicic acid (Silicate powder, powder), calcined gypsum (CaSO ₄ 1 / 2H ₂ O, Calcined gypsum, Plaster), rice seed (dried rice seed, water seed absorbed in water, sprout Spread the seeds in a 1: 1: 2 ratio, and mix them so that the silicic acid phase adheres well, then sprinkle with natural drying or drying equipment (heat treatment: internal temperature 40 ~ 50 ℃, 1 ~ 24 hours) The coated seed of the present invention was prepared.

The blending ratio during coating selects a blending ratio that can maximize the germination and germination of seeds, and may be added by further mixing nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, S, etc.) important for seed growth. In particular, it may include a slow / control release function to control the initial germination and suppression function due to the fertilizer (silic acid). Examples of such slow control release function are slow fertilizer and slow release. Herbicides and the like can be prepared and used, and such slow control ejection techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the present invention can be applied to seeds such as barley, wheat, soybeans, corn as well as rice seed as the seed. On the other hand, the seed may be used as a dry seed, but may also be used by invading to absorb water or germinate (minimal). In addition, the silicic acid used as a coating material can be used by adding materials such as soil, sand or reducing the ratio of silicic acid in consideration of cost, convenience, and efficiency. Plastered gypsum, a coating mixture, can be developed by adjusting the strength, curing time, and particle size to suit this purpose. Coated seeds can be sown universally using hands, machines (mist machines, rice transplanters, managers, tractors, various sowing work machines, helicopters, aircraft, etc.).

When the present invention is applied to the direct cultivation of rice has the following advantages.

First, sown seeds do not move in water. Existing rice seed is light, so it is not easy to grow roots because it moves by water velocity in the water after sowing, so that seedlings float or fall on the water even when germination and seedling growth are reduced. The present invention coats (seeds) seeds with heavy silicate and calcined gypsum so that they can be directly waved to Munnon, and the seeded seeds are heavy so that they germinate and glide at the site where they are sown so that they can grow normally. Have

 Second, the silicic acid used as the seed coating material of the present invention increases the oxidizing power of the root in the fresh water reduction state, promotes the balanced absorption of inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, kali), alkalinity of silicic acid by neutralizing the organic acid of plant root zone By selectively absorbing nutrients depending on the type, the phenomenon of nutrient imbalance can be reduced. It also minimizes physiological disorders caused by toxic substances such as heavy metals, hydrogen fluoride and sulfides under freshwater conditions. Therefore, the seeding work by Silicate coating treatment of rice seed in freshwater (or non-non-wet) direct cultivation is more effective in early germination, lubrication and seedling growth than conventional treatment. In addition, silicic acid increases the yield of rice plant tissues (leaves, stems, etc.) upright by increasing the photosynthesis and improving the ripening rate. Especially, silicic acid during the ripening period of rice has the effect of preventing degradation of film at low temperature, improving ripening rate, increasing the weight of grain, reducing the occurrence rate of deformed leaves, and reducing cold damage. It reduces the morbidity rate of rice blasts. Silicate reduces the protein content in the grain room of rice and improves the taste and enhances the taste.

 Third, in the case of coating the seed with silicic acid and calcined gypsum, the seed shell is wrapped after seeding for a certain period of time, thereby preventing damage from birds (birds) or pathogens.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and thus the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these embodiments.

Example 1 Preparation of Coated Rice Seed

1 L of silicic acid (Volume), 1 L of calcined gypsum and 2 L of Pb seed (1: 1: 2-Volume ratio) are mixed and coated with water (Spray). Coated with a thickness of three times the thickness of the rice seed shell through stirring, and dried for 4 hours at 50 ℃ to prepare a coating rice seed (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

Comparative Example 1. Preparation of Unsilicate Coated Rice Seed and Iron Coated Rice Seed

Except for mixing iron (powdery) in place of the silicic acid in the same manner as in Example 1 with the iron-coated rice seed (Comparative Example 1-1) and untreated without any seed (Comparative Example 1-2 ) Was used as a comparative example.

Experimental Example 1. Investigation of germination rate of coated rice seed

It is essential to verify the coating material when manufacturing coated rice seeds. In this experimental example, in order to investigate the characteristics of the rice seed prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the rate of hair growth, number of leaves, and grass length were investigated.

Three kinds of coated rice seed prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples were sown each seed 20 grains in non-non-water (slightly depleted rice paddy) to investigate the hair growth rate, the number of leaves, and the grass length, and the results are shown in the following table. 1 is shown.

TABLE 1

division Example 1 Comparative Example 1-1 Comparative Example 1-2
Adoption rate
(%)
I repeat 70 75 80 II repeat 85 70 80 III repeat 85 85 75 Average 80% 77% 78%
ground game
(Individual / object)
I repeat 3.0 2.6 2.8 II repeat 3.0 2.9 2.9 III repeat 3.0 3.0 2.9 Average 3.0 2.8 2.9
Extra long
(Cm / object)
I repeat 7.6 6.6 6.5 II repeat 9.0 6.6 7.7 III repeat 9.0 8.1 7.0 Average 8.5 cm 7.1 cm 7.1 cm

Note) Total 20 seeding and 3 repetition surveys by treatment

As shown in Table 1, the final hair growth rate was higher in the order of silicic acid coating> no treatment> iron coating, and the highest number of leaves (growth of leaves) and super long (height of young rice) was also found in silicic acid coating, respectively, of the present invention. The coated seeds coated with silicic acid and calcined lime have superior growth characteristics compared to the rice seeds of the comparative example.

In addition, the growth characteristics of the germinated crops were observed by direct seeding of 20 seed grains in munon (slightly depleted rice paddy) and wet soil, respectively, in the coated rice seed and the untreated rice seed prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. . As a result, the coated seed of the present invention was stable, while roots were stably lowered while the center of the seed was not floating in the water, and the roots were stably formed, compared to the non-silicate (seed without seed) seeds. 3a, 3b).

As described above, according to the present invention, when sowing the silicic acid-coated seeds, the seeded seeds are well settled in the water, munon, or wet soil surface to improve germination, and artificially give weight to allow roots to settle. Wraps seeds to reduce bird damage and low temperature damage. In addition, by coating the seeds with silicic acid, the oxidative power of roots is improved in fresh water and reduced condition to improve germination, sticking, and seedling growth. Nutrient absorption competition for fertilizer overdose leads to a decrease in protein content, thereby improving the taste and taste. In addition, the plaster used in the coating compensates for the disadvantage that the coated rice seeds dropped in the water, which occurs when the coating is done with rice seed only by the treatment of conventional soil, etc. Can solve the problem of falling significantly.

1 is a perspective view showing coating seeds coated with a coating material according to the present invention (10: rice seed (seed); 20: rice seed (seed) -coated seed; 21: coating material-silicic acid, calcined gypsum).

2 is a photograph of a coating seed coated with silicic acid and calcined gypsum and a coated seed coated with silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum according to the present invention.

Figure 3a is a photo observing germination and growth after 17 days by direct seeding the coated seed coated with silicic acid and calcined gypsum according to the present invention in Munnon.

Figure 3b is a photo observing germination and growth after 17 days by direct seeding of the coated seed coated with silicic acid and calcined gypsum according to the present invention in the wet answer.

Claims (7)

Coating seeds coated with a coating material containing silicic acid and calcined gypsum as active ingredients. Coating seeds coated with a coating material containing silicic acid, iron and calcined gypsum as active ingredients. The coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the silicic acid, calcined gypsum, seed has a weight ratio of 20 to 40 wt% silicic acid, 20 to 40 wt% calcined gypsum, and 40 to 60 wt% seed. The coated seed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coated seed is coated 1 to 3 times the thickness of the seed shell (shell). The coated seed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed is any one selected from a crop consisting of rice, barley, wheat, soybean and corn. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating material further comprises one or more components selected from nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), kali (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). Coating seed, characterized in that. The method of claim 2, wherein the silicic acid, iron, calcined gypsum and seed has a weight ratio of 5 to 15% by weight of silicic acid, 10 to 20% by weight of iron, 3 to 7% by weight of gypsum and 60 to 80% by weight of seeds Coating seed, characterized in that.

Images