KR20090096452A - A fluid composition having excellent fire-resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluid composition includes a poly(alkylene glycol) present in an amount of greater than 85 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition, and a sterically hindered ester present in an amount of from 0.5 up to 15 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition. The sterically hindered ester, present in the amount of from 0.5 up to 15 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition, provides the fluid compositions with excellent fire resistance, without adversely affecting other physical properties of the fluid compositions such as hydrolytic stability. More specifically, the sterically hindered ester has a higher fire point (Fp) than the poly(alkylene glycol), which typically sufficiently lowers the S.F.P. of the fluid composition to allow the fluid composition to rate as a Factory Mutual Approved Fluid.

Description

A fluid composition excellent in fire resistance {A FLUID COMPOSITION HAVING EXCELLENT FIRE-RESISTANCE}

The present invention relates generally to fluid compositions for use in industrial fluid applications. More particularly, the present invention relates to fluid compositions for use as hydraulic, compressor, gear, bearing or turbine fluid compositions where good fire resistance is required.

In many industries, fires caused by ignition and subsequent combustion of fluid compositions used in the industry are very dangerous. This typically occurs when the fluid composition is applied at a high enough temperature to ignite the fluid composition.

Refractory fluid compositions are used in the industrial arts where the fluid compositions are placed in close proximity to hot surfaces or other ignition sources and are a risk to human life. These specialized fluids are also used when mechanical fire suppression measures are not practical or in combination with mechanical fire suppression systems for more comprehensive protection. In general industrial applications where fire hazards exist, the use of refractory fluid compositions at some level is usually a necessary requirement to obtain insurance for industrial equipment.

The main category of fluid compositions requiring good fire resistance is hydraulic fluid compositions due to the fact that the fluids are in contact with the ignition source while under pressure in the hydraulic system and in the form of nebulized sprays in the form of highly combustible fluids. Refractory fluid compositions are also required for other categories of fluid compositions, including gears, compressors, and turbine fluid compositions.

Typical basestocks used for refractory fluid compositions include esters, poly (alkylene glycols), plant oils and phosphate esters. Fluid compositions comprising poly (alkylene glycols) find particular use in lubricating applications for compressors, gears, bearings, hydraulic and turbine systems. Fluid compositions typically comprise poly (alkylene glycol) in an amount of at least 85 parts by weight of the fluid composition, based on the total weight of the fluid composition. Ester is another class of components known for use in lubrication applications for compressors, pumps and hydraulic machinery. These esters are used as an alternative to fluid compositions comprising poly (alkylene glycols).

Several industries have created their own standards regarding the fire resistance of hydraulic fluid compositions, including the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), now known as FM Global. FM Global certifies fluids as refractory according to their approved standard CN6930, and FM Global Certificate is a widely accepted standard in the industry. For example, the FM Global Certificate for Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluid Compositions is generally a requirement for sale to most industrial installations in the United States where there is a potential fire hazard. Where applicable, the use of FM global certified fire resistant hydraulic fluid compositions is generally a requirement to insure the installation.

The standards by which FM Global has demonstrated fire resistant hydraulic fluid compositions have changed recently. The first FMRCs required hydraulic fluid compositions to pass spray flammability tests and hot channel ignition in their standard CN6930-1975. In response to the revised FM Global Approval Standard CN 6930-1975, formulations of ester-based compositions result in the addition of viscosity modifying additives to the ester-based formulations, allowing the fluid composition to be approved according to the CN 6930 standard, while the same without viscosity modifiers. It was determined that the formulation could not be approved. However, the improvement of fire resistance due to the viscosity modifying additives is conditioned on the maintenance of the relatively high molecular weight of the viscosity modifying additives, which is due to the industrial use for more than a short time due to the mechanical shearing of the fluid composition under conventional applications where the viscosity modifying agents are particularly sensitive. It was impossible at. The use of anti-mist additives to obtain FM global approval according to CN 69230 with poly (alkylene glycol) based compositions is shown in Miller, US Pat. No. 5,141,663. Anti-mist additives, such as viscosity index modifiers, are high molecular weight compounds that increase the droplet size of a fluid composition under CN 6930-1975 standard conditions, allowing the fluid to pass the test and obtain approval.

In 2002, FM Global superseded old standards and applied flammable classification classes of industrial fluids intended for, but not limited to, lubricants, hydraulic power transmission, turbine governor control, converter insulation and cooling. We have issued a revised CN 6930 standard that redefines the requirements. The revised standard classifies the fire resistance of fluids by their spray flammability parameter (S.F.P.) values. S.F.P. is a calculated value derived by evaluating the flammability characteristics of a fluid. S.F.P. is calculated according to equation (1) as follows:

(1)

(One)

In the above formula

Q _ch is the chemical heat release rate,

p _f is the density of the fluid composition,

q _cr is the critical heat flux for ignition,

m _f is the fluid mass flow rate during the measurement of the chemical heat release rate.

SFP is obtained by measuring the chemical heat release rate (Q _ch ) of the finely sprayed spray of the fluid composition using a factory interconnected 10,000 kW-scale Fire Products collector located at FM Global. The critical heat flux (q _cr ) for ignition for the fluid composition is obtained through the measurement of the flash point of the fluid composition using the flash point value from Equation 2 as follows:

(2)

(2)

Where

q _cr is the same as indicated above,

α is the absorbency of the fluid composition (assumed to be 1),

σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10 ^-11 kW / m ² K ⁴ ),

T _f is the flash point (° K) of the fluid composition.

The fume flammability parameter (S.F.P.) is based on the FM global approval standard by using equation 3 as follows; It can be estimated as described in CN 6930 (modified January 2002):

(3)

(3)

Wherein SFP, p _f and T _f are the same as indicated above,

ΔH _T is pure combustion heat.

By using S.F.P. measured for the fluid composition, FM Global classifies the fluids into groups 0, 1 and 2, with group 0 being the highest fire resistance and group 2 being the lowest fire resistance. Specific standards for January 2002 are detailed in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Refractory Fluid Classification (FMG Standard CN 6930, Jan 2002) Normalized S.F.P. week Group 0 nonflammable A fluid that meets the requirements of Group 1 on the basis of S.F.P. may be eligible to be graded as Group 0, which is nonflammable, when tested against ASTM D240-92 and exhibits pure heat of combustion of up to 4 kJ / g. Group 1 5 x 10 ⁴ or less Normally unable to stabilize spray flame Group 2 5 x 10 ⁴ to 10 x 10 ⁴ 10 x 10 ⁴ SFP and above cannot be approved

The calculation for determining the SFP is approximated to the nearest whole number. For example SFP of 5.8 x 10 ⁴ is rounded to 6 x 10 ^4. The SFP of 5.5 x 10 ⁴ is rounded down and reported as 5 x 10 ⁴ .

The new CN6930 standard of 2002 eliminates the means by which anti-mist and viscous modifying additives are used to obtain approval under the previous CN6930-1975 standard. Due to their high carbon content and low flash point, many poly (alkylene glycol) and ester-based compositions approved under the previous CN6930-1975 standard could only achieve Group 2 ratings under the new CN6930 standard of 2000. Although the density of the fluid composition is left as a factor, two major properties as the SFP is primarily derived are the chemical heat release rate (Q _ch ) and the critical heat flux (q _cr ) as described above. The chemical heat release rate Q _ch is based on the carbon content of the fluid and is therefore difficult to change, while the critical heat flux q _cr can be directly related to and modified with the ignition point T _f of the fluid composition.

As such, it is advantageous to lower the SFP of a fluid composition comprising poly (alkylene glycol) by adding other components to the fluid composition to increase the flash point (T _f ), and to increase the critical heat flux (q _cr ). And a decrease in SFP. For example, PCT application WO 01/90232 to Totten et al. Describes the addition of an antioxidant to a fluid composition comprising poly (alkylene glycol) to reduce SFP. The fact that poly (alkylene glycols) have very limited thermal oxidative stability and that antioxidants are required for all high performance fluid compositions on the basis of poly (alkylene glycols) regardless of whether the fluid composition should be used for applications where fire resistance is important. Well known in the art. Although antioxidants can reduce the SFP of poly (alkylene glycol) to a certain point, the range of SFPs used to classify the equations and groups used in Totten et al. Patents to obtain the reported SFPs varies by FM global. It should be noted that the result is that the ignition point reported in one of the embodiments provided in the patents of Totten et al. Results in less fireproof classification than reported in the patents of Totten et al.

In May 2004, FM Global established the S.F.P. The classification was changed into two categories; That is, "FM approved" is more fire resistant and "standard tested" is less fire resistant. The new classification is described in more detail in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Refractory Fluid Classification (FMG Standard CN 6930, May 2004) Normalized S.F.P. week FM certified fluid 5 x 10 ⁴ or less Normally unable to stabilize spray flame Standard Tested Fluids 5 x 10 ⁴ to 10 x 10 ⁴ No more than 10 x 10 ⁴ SFPs can be approved. Specified fluids are each specific proposed to determine whether any mechanical fire suppression equipment is required in addition to the fluid tested to provide an acceptable level of fire protection. Or a technician in the FM field for the current location of use.

Limited applications have been blending poly (alkylene glycols) and sterically hindered esters together in the same fluid composition. More specifically, steric hindrance esters have been used in poly (alkylene glycol) -based compressor lubricants as sludge inhibitors. For example, US Pat. No. 4,302,343 to Carswell et al. Describes a compressor lubricant comprising 15 to 45 parts by weight of sterically hindered esters and 55 to 85 parts by weight of poly (alkylene glycol). The ester has sufficient high temperature stability to inhibit the formation of sludge and thus prolong the useful life of the compressor lubricant. However, the esters are hydrolytically unstable and the presence of esters in the compressor fluid in the amounts indicated in Carswell et al. Can cause an increase in blend viscosity, and thus lower viscosity poly to maintain the same viscosity grade for the fluid composition. Requires the use of (alkylene glycols). Lower viscosity and hence lower molecular weight poly (alkylene glycols) will have a lower flash point and thus counteract any improvement in the flash point obtained by including an ester. Thus, large amounts of esters in fluid compositions will not be desirable for many applications, especially those where hydrolytic stability and fluid viscosity are important.

Due to the disadvantages of the prior art, poly (alkyl) formulated to reduce the SFP of fluid compositions to a level not obtainable by such large amounts of poly (alkylene glycols), even by adding antioxidants to this day. It may be desirable to provide a fluid composition having at least 85 parts by weight of lene glycol).

The present invention includes poly (alkylene glycol) present in an amount of at least 85 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition and sterically hindered esters present in an amount of 0.5 to 15 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition. Provide a fluid composition.

The hindered esters present in amounts of 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition, provide good fire resistance to the fluid composition without materially affecting other physical properties of the fluid composition, such as viscosity and hydrolytic stability. do. More specifically, sterically hindered esters have a higher flash point (F _p ) than poly (alkylene glycol) to provide a fluid composition with good fire resistance, which means that the fluid composition is a Factory Mutual under current standards. Allowed to be evaluated as Approved Fluid.

Fluid compositions are particularly useful for lubricating applications for compressors, pumps and hydraulic machines. The fluid composition comprises a specific amount of poly (alkylene glycol) and sterically hindered esters that provide the fluid composition with good fire resistance that allows the fluid composition to be evaluated as a factory mutual (FM) certified fluid, as described in more detail below. New combinations. Due to the very low S.F.P. of the fluid composition, the fluid composition is ideal for lubricating applications at risk of fire. As a result, the low S.F.P. of the fluid composition can lead to a lower insurance premium and thus a lower cost of action.

As indicated above, the fluid composition comprises poly (alkylene glycol). More specifically, the fluid composition is based on poly (alkylene glycol), which provides many of the advantageous lubricating properties known in the art. The poly (alkylene glycols) typically have the following formula:

Where

R ₇ comprises a C ₁ to C ₈ carbon group, R ₈ is a C ₂ to C ₄ carbon chain, n is at least 1, more typically 4 to 24. It is to be appreciated that R ₇ and R ₈ may be straight or branched chain molecules, and when n is at least 1, R ₈ may be the same or different in the poly (alkylene glycol). For example, the polyalkylene glycol is R ₈ is or may be of the same homopolymer in each of the units, or R ₈ is a poly (alkylene glycol) across the C _2, C ₃ or C ₄ carbon chain of different combinations It may be a random polymer having a.

Fluid compositions of the present invention may comprise poly (alkylene glycols) of various number average molecular weights (M _w ) based on the desired use and viscosity grade. More specifically, poly (alkylene glycols) with different M _w may be desirable for different lubrication applications. For example, some applications may require poly (alkylene glycols) with certain viscosities. The viscosity is directly proportional to the M _w and M _w lower end is correlated to the lower viscosity. As is known in the art, SFP increases with respect to poly (alkylene glycol) as M _w decreases. The poly (alkylene glycol) included in the fluid composition may be any poly (alkylene glycol) that satisfies the above formula, and also any poly (alkylene) having any value greater than 1 for n in the above formula. Glycols), however, are particularly suitable for fluid compositions comprising poly (alkylene glycols) having a low M _w of 1500 g / mol or less, more typically 1000 to 1500 g / mol. The presence of sterically hindered esters in the fluid composition will be more important in terms of controlling SFP for fluid compositions comprising low M _w poly (alkylene glycols). However, it should be appreciated that the present invention is suitable for any fluid composition comprising poly (alkylene glycol) of any molecular weight.

Poly (alkylene glycols) suitable for the present invention typically comprise the reaction product of an alcohol with an alkylene oxide; It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited in any particular way to form poly (alkylene glycols).

The alcohol acts as an initiator compound to which the alkylene oxide is added and is evident from the above representative formulas of poly (alkylene glycols) suitable for the present invention. The alcohol is typically a monofunctional alcohol and may be a straight or branched chain molecule. However, it should be appreciated that in certain embodiments bi- or polyfunctional alcohols may also be used. The alcohol typically has 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Suitable monofunctional alcohols include, but are not limited to, those selected from the group of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, and combinations thereof. Butanol is particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention. Particularly suitable difunctional alcohols for the purposes of the present invention include dihydric phenols such as salgenin, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and combinations thereof.

Alkylene oxides suitable for the purposes of the present invention may be selected from the group of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and combinations thereof. More specifically, a mixture of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide may be used. Most preferably, the alkylene oxide is about 100% propylene oxide.

Examples of poly (alkylene glycols) comprising reaction products of alcohols and alkylene oxides include propylene oxide adducts of butanol, specific examples of which include Plurasafe WI-165 and Plurasafe WI-285 propoxylate polymers All of which are available from BASF Corporation, Florham Park, NJ. Most preferably, the poly (alkylene glycol) is a propylene oxide adduct of butanol.

As indicated above, the fluid composition is based on poly (alkylene glycol). More specifically, the poly (alkylene glycol) is a fluid composition in an amount of at least 85 parts by weight, more typically at least 90 parts by weight, most typically from about 91 to about 96 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition It exists in the middle.

Steric hindrance esters are present in the fluid composition to increase the flash point of the fluid composition and thus to reduce the S.F.P. of the fluid composition. The term "stereoscopic disorder" means that the ester has at least one carbon atom selected from the group of tertiary carbon atoms and quaternary carbon atoms. More specifically, sterically hindered esters comprise at least one carbon atom attached to three or four different carbon atoms and comprise tertiary and quaternary carbon atoms, multiple quaternary carbon atoms or multiple tertiary carbon atoms It may include all. Alternatively, sterically hindered esters may comprise a single tertiary or quaternary carbon atom. The steric hindrance of the esters makes the esters more stable and easier to decompose, as opposed to unblocked esters that do not contain tertiary and / or quaternary carbon atoms. The steric hindrance esters due to steric hindrances, when present in the amounts specified below, raise the flash point of the fluid composition comprising poly (alkylene glycol), thereby reducing the S.F.P. of the fluid composition.

In one embodiment, the sterically hindered ester has the formula

(In the above formula, R ₁ -R ₄ are each the following formula:

C ₁ to C ₁₈ carbon groups which are ester groups with

Wherein R ₅ comprises a C ₁ to C ₅ carbon group and R ₆ comprises a C ₄ to C ₁₈ carbon group optionally comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group, provided that R ₁ At least two of -R ₄ include the above ester groups or combinations thereof. More specifically, sterically hindered esters of the formula typically have a quaternary carbon atom, provided that the ester group is present in at least three branches of four branches extending from the quaternary carbon atom. If tertiary carbon is present, the ester group is also present in three branches extending from the tertiary carbon atom.

Specific examples of sterically hindered esters suitable for the purposes of the present invention may be selected from the group of, but not limited to, trimethylol propane trioleate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, neopentyl glycol octanoate and combinations thereof .

The hindered esters represented by the above formulas typically comprise the reaction product of a hindered polyol and a fatty acid; It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to any particular method of making sterically hindered esters. The sterically hindered polyols have at least two hydroxyl functionalities and may have four or more hydroxyl functionalities, each of which provides positions that form ester bonds when reacted with a fatty acid. More specifically, the quaternary carbon atom has at least one hydroxyl group pending from at least two of the four branches extending from the quaternary carbon atom. If tertiary carbon atoms are present, hydroxyl groups can be pending from at least two branches and from each of the branches. Typically, the hydroxyl group is a primary hydroxyl group; Secondary hydroxyl groups may be suitable for the purposes of the present invention.

Specific examples of sterically hindered polyols suitable for the purposes of the present invention may be selected from the group of neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and combinations thereof. Most preferred sterically hindered polyols include trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, and combinations thereof.

Fatty acids typically have at least 4 carbon atoms, more typically 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and may comprise ethylenically unsaturated groups. Specific examples of fatty acids suitable for the purposes of the present invention include saturated fatty acids such as butyric acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid; Ethylenically unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, and erucic acid; And combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto.

Alternatively, sterically hindered esters may comprise the reaction product of sterically hindered polycarboxylic acids with alcohols. Specific examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids include phthalic acid and trimellitic acid. The resulting hindered esters can be selected from the group of trimellitates, dimerates and combinations thereof, but are not limited to these. Examples of suitable trimellitates are those having the formula:

Wherein R ₁₀ , R ₁₁ and R ₁₂ are independently selected from the group of branched C ₇ to C ₁₀ carbon chains, linear C ₇ to C ₁₀ carbon chains and combinations thereof. The groups held from the benzene rings may be arranged differently from the positions shown, provided that the above formulas only provide examples of trimellitates suitable for the purposes of the present invention, and any trimellitate is suitable for the purposes of the present invention. Should be recognized. An example of a suitable dimerate is di-2-ethylhexyl dimerate. However, it should be appreciated that any dimerate is suitable for the purposes of the present invention.

The sterically hindered ester is present in the fluid composition in an amount of 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, more typically 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, most typically 1 to 5 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

The sterically hindered ester is typically present in the fluid in an amount as indicated above to lower the SFP of the fluid composition to a point low enough for the fluid composition such that the SFP of the fluid composition is graded as a factory mutual (FM) approved fluid. While present in the composition, it still allows the fluid composition to maintain acceptable hydrolysis stability. However, it is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to any particular S.F.P. and covers fluid compositions having poly (alkylene glycols) and esters present in claimed amounts regardless of the S.F.P. of the fluid composition.

In order to be graded as an FM approved fluid, the fluid composition must have an S.F.P. of 5.5 or less as currently measured according to CN6930. The S.F.P. is calculated as shown in the background section of the invention.

The chemical heat release rate (Q _ch ) of the fluid composition is based on the amount of carbon in the poly (alkylene glycol) and ester. As such, for fluid compositions of the present invention comprising poly (alkylene glycol) in relatively large amounts of at least 85 parts by weight, the chemical heat release rate (Q _ch ) of the sea fluid composition typically changes the components of the fluid composition at all. It cannot be remarkably modified without. However, the flash point (T _f ) of the fluid composition is typically significantly modified by including sterically hindered esters in the fluid composition in the amounts indicated above.

Fluid compositions of the present invention comprising poly (alkylene glycol) and esters in the amounts indicated above have a flash point (T _f ) of at least 550 ° F., more typically at least 600 ° F. As is known in the art, the flash point T _f is the temperature at which the fluid composition will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition. The ignition point of the specified bar (T _f) has a fluid composition, typically 5.5 or less, particularly SFP ones having a flash point over 600 ℉ (T _f) with. More specifically, the SFP can be approximated by measuring the flash point (T _f ) of the fluid composition and the pure heat of combustion of the fluid composition.

Fluid compositions of the present invention are typically substantially free of water and may be referred to in the art as anhydrous fluid compositions. More specifically, fluid compositions of the present invention typically comprise up to 0.1% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the fluid composition. The fluid composition is substantially free of water, providing resistance to oxidation and thermal degradation that is not available with fluid compositions having a higher water content. In addition, due to the presence of the ester in the fluid composition susceptible to hydrolysis, the substantial absence of water in the fluid composition substantially prevents the ester from hydrolyzing, thus maximizing the useful life of the fluid composition of the present invention.

In addition to poly (alkylene glycols) and esters, the fluid composition may further comprise an antioxidant to provide thermal oxidative stability against degradation and to help reduce S.F.P. of the fluid composition. Specific examples of antioxidants include propyl gallate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin E, hindered phenolic antioxidants (eg phenothiazine) ), Amine based antioxidants (e.g. Irganox L06 and Irganox L57, both commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation), phosphates, and combinations thereof, preferably, but are not limited to these. When used, antioxidants are typically present in an amount of at least 0.1 parts by weight, more typically 0.1 to 10, most typically 0.3 to 2 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

The fluid composition of the present invention may also include additives that provide various functionalities in the fluid composition. Such additives include lubricating additives such as boundary agents, antiwear agents, and extreme pressure agents; Corrosion inhibitors; Metal passivators; Antifoam additives; dyes; perfume; But may be selected from the group of detergents and combinations thereof.

Examples of lubricating additives include organic acids having 4 to 18, more typically 7 to 12 carbon atoms; Dithiophosphate; Organic amine / phosphate blends such as Irgalube 349 available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation; Organo-molybdenum compounds; Phosphorothionates; Alkylated phosphate esters; Triphenyl phosphate; Alkylated triphenyl phosphate; Fatty amines such as amine-O and sarcosyl-O available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation; And combinations thereof, but is not limited thereto. When used, lubricating additives are typically present in the fluid composition in amounts of 0.1 to 10, more typically 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

Examples of corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, organic amines, amine-organic acid complexes, organic diacids, sarcosine and succinic acid derivatives, alkyl and aryl phosphites. When used, corrosion inhibitors are typically present in the fluid composition in an amount from 0.1 to about 10, more typically from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

Examples of metal passivators include, but are not limited to, tolyltriazole and its derivatives and benzotriazole and its derivatives. When used, metal passivators are typically present in the fluid composition in amounts of 0.05 to 5, more typically 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

Antifoam additives, dyes, perfumes and detergents suitable for fluid compositions are known in the art and, when used, are typically present in a combined amount of 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

The fluid composition of the present invention is provided in Table 1 below, and the relevant physical properties of the fluid composition are shown. Comparative examples of fluid compositions are also included in Table 1, provided that the relevant physical properties of the comparative fluid compositions are also included in Table 1.

ingredient Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Ester A 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester B 0.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 Ester C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Antioxidant 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Additive A 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Additive B 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Additive C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Additive D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PAG 93.30 93.30 95.30 96.30 Sum 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Flash point, ℉ 606 602 606 600 Density, kg / m ³ 954 955 956 956 Spray flammability parameters 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5

ingredient Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Ester A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester B 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester C 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 Ester D 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 Ester E 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 Ester F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Antioxidant 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 Additive A 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 Additive B 0.50 0.70 0.70 0.70 Additive C 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 PAG 97.30 92.97 92.97 92.97 Sum 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Flash point, ℉ 596 596 600 596 Density, kg / m ³ 957 956 958 958 Spray flammability parameters 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5

ingredient Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Ester A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester F 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester G 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 Ester H 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 Ester J 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 Ester K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Antioxidant 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Additive A 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Additive B 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Additive C 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 PAG 92.97 92.97 92.97 92.97 Sum 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Flash point, ℉ 602 596 600 602 Density, kg / m ³ 955 957 955 952 Spray flammability parameters 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.5

ingredient Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Ester A 30.00 15.00 0.00 0.00 Ester B 1.00 0.00 30.00 15.00 Ester C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester G 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester H 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester J 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ester L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Antioxidant 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Additive A 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Additive B 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Additive C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PAG 68.30 83.30 68.30 83.30 Sum 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Flash point, ℉ 626 616 630 622 Density, kg / m ³ 936 947 939 948 Spray flammability parameters 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2

ingredient Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 Ester A 0.00 0.00 Ester B 0.00 0.00 Ester C 0.00 0.00 Ester D 0.00 0.00 Ester E 0.00 0.00 Ester F 0.00 0.00 Ester G 0.00 0.00 Ester H 0.00 0.00 Ester J 0.00 0.00 Ester K 5.00 0.00 Ester L 0.00 5.00 Antioxidant 1.00 1.00 Additive A 0.30 0.30 Additive B 0.70 0.70 Additive C 0.03 0.03 PAG 92.97 92.97 Sum 100.0 100.0 Flash point, ℉ 592 586 Density, kg / m ³ 953 953 Spray flammability parameters 5.7 5.8

Ester A is trimethylol propane trioleate.

Ester B is pentaerythritol tetraoleate.

Ester C is the pentaerythritol ester, CAS number 118685-24-8, of linear and branched fatty acids.

Ester D is the dipentaerythritol ester of valeric acid, caprylic acid and capric acid, CAS No. 68441-66-7.

Ester E is a mixture of trimethylolpropane esters, CAS No. 11138-60-6.

Ester F is the pentaerythritol ester of caprylic acid and capric acid, CAS No. 68441-68-9.

Ester G is trioctyl trimellitic acid ester, CAS No. 3319-31-1.

Ester H is triisodecyl tridecyl trimellitic acid ester, CAS No. 70225-05-7.

Ester J is di-2-ethylhexyl dimerate.

Ester K is ditridecyl adipate, CAS No. 16958-92-2.

Ester L is di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, CAS number 122-62-3.

Antioxidant is phenothiazine.

Additive A is a phosphorus based wear resistant additive available from Ciba Specialty Chemical Corporation, Tarrytown, NY.

Additive B is a phosphorus based wear resistant additive available from Ciba Specialty Chemical Corporation.

Additive C is a yellow metal passivator from Ciba Specialty Chemical Corporation.

PAG is a 67/33 blend of butanol-initiated propylene oxide polymers having a number average molecular weight of 1200 and 700, respectively.

result

With reference to the above examples and comparative examples, most of the flash points of the examples are at least 600 ° F., each of which comprises an ester present in an amount according to the invention. For embodiments where the flash point is below 600 ° F., the flash points are close enough to 600 ° F. within experimental error, and still suitable for the purposes of the present invention. For comparative examples where the flash point is above 600 ° F. and the SFP is less than 5.5, the hydrolysis stability is entitled “Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils”. If tested according to ASSTM D 943-99 it is unacceptably bad. In addition, the remaining comparative examples have flash points significantly lower than 600 ° F., each with unacceptably greater than 5.5 S.F.P.

The invention has been described in an illustrated manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of the words of description rather than of limitation. Apparently, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings, and the invention may otherwise be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

As described above, the present invention is a fluid composition for use in industrial fluid applications. More specifically, it is used to provide a fluid composition for use as a hydraulic, compressor, gear, bearing or turbine fluid composition where good fire resistance is required.

Claims (27)

As a fluid composition, Poly (alkylene glycol) present in an amount of at least 85 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition; Sterically hindered esters present in an amount of 0.5 to 15 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition Comprising a fluid composition. The fluid composition of claim 1, which is substantially free of water. The fluid composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ester is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the poly (alkylene glycol) has a number average molecular weight of about 1500 g / mol or less. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The steric hindered ester is

In the above formula, R ₁ -R ₄ are each C ₁ to C ₁₈ carbon group and the group of the ester group having the formula

In the above formula, R ₅ comprises a C ₁ to C ₅ carbon group, R ₆ comprises a C ₄ to C ₁₈ carbon chain optionally including an ethylenically unsaturated group, provided that at least _{one of} R ₁ -R ₄ Two comprising the ester group and combinations thereof. 6. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the sterically hindered ester comprises a reaction product of a sterically hindered polyol and a fatty acid. The fluid composition of claim 6, wherein the sterically hindered polyol has at least one carbon atom selected from the group of tertiary carbon atoms and quaternary carbon atoms. 8. The fluid composition of claim 6 or 7, wherein the sterically hindered polyol has at least three hydroxyl functional groups. The fluid composition of claim 6, wherein the fatty acid has at least 4 carbon atoms. 10. The fluid composition of any one of claims 6-9, wherein the ester is selected from the group of trimethylol propane trioleate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, and combinations thereof. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the ester comprises a reaction product of a hindered polycarboxylic acid and an alcohol. The poly (alkylene glycol) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein

Wherein R ₇ comprises a C ₁ to C ₈ carbon group, R ₈ is a C ₂ to C ₄ carbon chain and n is at least 1. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the poly (alkylene glycol) comprises the reaction product of an alcohol with an alkylene oxide. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group of monofunctional alcohols, difunctional alcohols, polyfunctional alcohols, and combinations thereof. The fluid composition of claim 13 or 14, wherein the alcohol comprises a monofunctional alcohol. The fluid composition of claim 15, wherein the monofunctional alcohol comprises butanol. The fluid composition of claim 13, wherein the alkylene oxide is selected from the group of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and combinations thereof. 18. The fluid composition of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the alkylene oxide comprises about 100% propylene oxide. The fluid composition of claim 1, wherein the poly (alkylene glycol) comprises a propylene oxide adduct of butanol. 20. The fluid composition of any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising an antioxidant. The fluid composition of claim 20, wherein the antioxidant is further defined as an amine antioxidant. 22. The fluid composition of claim 20 or 21, wherein the antioxidant is present in an amount of at least 0.1 parts by weight based on the total weight of the fluid composition. The fluid composition of claim 1, further comprising an additive selected from the group of lubricity additives, corrosion inhibitors, metal passivators, antifoam additives, dyes, perfumes, detergents, and combinations thereof. The fluid composition of claim 1 having a flash point of 550 ° F. or less. The fluid composition of claim 24 having a flash point of at least 600 ° F. 25. 26. The fluid composition of any one of the preceding claims, having a spray flammability parameter of 5.5 or less as measured according to CN 6930. 27. The fluid composition of any one of the preceding claims, further defined as a lubricating composition.