KR20090077777A - System for generating brown gas and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for the generation, storage and use of Brown gas comprising at least one Brown gas generator (116), in communication with an electricity supply (104) and water supply (102); at least one first storage chamber (122), in fluid communication with the generator, for storing the Brown gas generated from said generator (116); and Brown gas application means (146, 200, 300) in communication with said at least one first storage chamber, wherein said generator and first storage chamber are located proximate the Brown gas application means. For example, the Brown gas may be used for the production of hot water (146), for the production of chilled water (200) and as fuel in an incineration unit (300).

Description

BROWN GAS GENERATION SYSTEMS AND USAGES

The present invention relates to a system for generating Brown gas, and to its use in various fields.

Natural gas is commonly used for household and industrial purposes. However, there is a growing interest in using natural gas as a fuel source to meet growing demands such as heating in homes and factories. Greenhouse emissions from the combustion of natural gas include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and water vapor. In fact, combustion of natural gas is considered to be one of the major environmental factors contributing to global warming. Another problem with natural gas is its long-term economic viability and availability, due to the growing global demand, while its global demand is increasing. The other problem is that not all countries have their own natural gas resources, so they rely heavily on other countries for their natural gas. It is also essential to have an extensive infrastructure network to support the supply, storage and distribution of natural gas to end users. Networks of exposed pipelines and terminals across a wide range of areas are not only expensive to build and maintain, but also very vulnerable to external influences such as natural disasters or terrorist threats.

Instead of natural gas, several alternative fuel sources have been proposed. One example is the use of solar energy to convert it into a feasible energy source. Another example is Brown Gas, the content of which is described in US Pat. No. 4,081,656, which is incorporated herein. Brown gas is described as a suitable energy source for pure industrial welding and cutting applications. In particular, US Pat. No. 4,081,656 describes a process for generating a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas from electrolysis of water. Brown gas, a product, has excellent characteristics such as high calorific value and enables reactive combustion with selected metals and low pollutant emissions.

The use of Brown Gas is described in several patents. For example, US Pat. No. 6,761,558 describes a heating apparatus using a thermal reaction of Brown gas, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The patent also describes a method for trapping heat from reactive combustion of Brown gas after passing through a hexane liquid. U. S. Patent No. 6,443, 725 describes a method of circulating combustion of Brown gas in a burner to heat a heat generating unit, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In view of the above, it can be seen that there is a need in the art for a reliable and safe system for supplying household and industrial energy that can meet the increase in energy demand with minimal environmental impact. In addition, this shows a wide range of new technologies that take full advantage of these advantages.

Incineration, for example, is the most common treatment for destroying pathogens, viruses, and toxic organics found in most household and industrial wastes. However, conventional incinerators are increasingly faced with various problems. Incineration plants, for example, consume large amounts of fuel to burn waste. The fuel may include natural gas, propane or light fuel oil. Due to the increasing global demand for natural gas and the global shortage of natural gas supply, traditional thermal incineration is the most expensive means of waste management. To mitigate the impact, new incineration plants are located away from populated areas, resulting in increased long-distance transportation of waste, fuel and other supplies required for the operation of the incineration plant.

Another problem is that incomplete combustion during incineration of household and industrial wastes releases dioxin and furan into the atmosphere, creating serious health risks for the community. As a result, there has been increased pressure from environmental groups to impose strict controls and regulations on the disposal of dioxin and furan-producing waste. High combustion temperatures of more than 1200 ° C, with high turbulent mixing of the waste (using forced air aspiration) and long residence times of at least 2 seconds of flue gas, effectively destroy dioxins and furans in the combustion chamber during incineration. You can. Thus, one method of ensuring complete combustion of waste and minimizing dioxin and furan formation during combustion is to modify the existing incineration treatment to significantly increase the temperature of the furnace to improve combustion efficiency. However, this will lead to higher operating costs as fuel consumption will increase.

Several alternative approaches have been proposed to achieve high combustion temperatures. One example is the conversion to fluidized bed propane incinerators. Another example is the use of thermal plasma incinerators using high energy, high intensity plasma jets for waste destruction. However, these approaches cannot be applied directly to existing incineration plants. Another approach is to use alternative fuel sources that are cheap, have high calorific value and have minimal environmental impact.

In another example, atmospheric matter dust emissions and exhaust gas emissions are still a common problem. It is also well known that these emissions pose significant environmental and health risks. These emissions can be generated from waste combustion by two or three examples, for example by industrial treatment, coal combustion and incineration plants. As a result of these treatments, the components of the emissions can be harmful to the environment if released to the atmosphere without further treatment.

Existing means for controlling and treating emissions and exhaust gases include cyclones, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), settling chambers, wet scrubbers, and fabric filter systems. Included. However, in general, they assist in reducing the fine dust in the emissions and exhaust gases, and only partially treat the components of the exhaust gases and emissions. Thus, when "treated" emissions and exhaust gases are released to the atmosphere, the emissions and exhaust gases may still contain harmful components that may be harmful to the environment.

For example, cyclones have low overall particle collection efficiency, especially for particle sizes of less than 10 mm. In the case of ESPs, they are effective in treating emissions and exhaust gases, but the installation and maintenance costs of these devices are quite expensive. It also requires large space for installation. In addition, ozone may be generated by the negatively charged electrode of the ESP during gas ionization, which increases environmental problems. Also, highly trained persons may be required for the manipulation of EPS. Fibrous filter systems are also expensive in that expensive refractory mineral or metal fibers are required when operated at temperatures above about 290 ° C. In the presence of accidental sparks or sparks, there is a risk of explosion and ignition of certain dusts at some concentrations.

Given this, environmentally sound and energy efficient means of addressing these issues would be advantageous.

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for generating, storing and using brown gas.

At least one Brown gas generator in communication with an electricity source and a water source;

At least one first storage chamber in fluid communication with the generator for storing Brown gas generated from the generator; And

Brown gas application means in communication with the at least one first storage chamber,

The generator and the first storage chamber are provided near the Brown gas application means.

It will be appreciated that "proximate" refers to the intended use of the present invention. For example, for use in a building, the use of "nearby" is inevitably included in a building site, such as a plant room, as in a conventional boiler, roofed similarly to industrial air conditioning equipment, or in a distribution box. It will require adjacent to the outer housing of the building.

In other uses, such as residential land development, "nearby" may include a central location within residential land development. This is comparable to and different from conventional energy supplies such as electricity, so that generation can take place several kilometers away from its development. Thus, in this case, "nearby" will be defined as within the available location, requiring significant infrastructure prior to final distribution for use as compared to conventional energy sources that are "spaced" in terms of generation and / or storage. And therefore do not require significant distribution infrastructure. Thus, in the present invention, one advantage of installing the generator and the first storage chamber near the Brown gas application means is that the efficiency of the system is increased. This deployment will also reduce infrastructure costs compared to relying on external energy sources.

Brown gas exhibits higher calorific value and negligible pollutant emissions compared to other forms of natural gas. Therefore, it would be advantageous to use Brown gas for home and industrial purposes. For example, the generated brown gas can be used for cooking and space heating applications or for industrial heat treatment in production processes, for hot water production for use in laundry, sanitation and cleaning, for cold water production for use in space cooling. It can be used to supply pipe conveyed gas for the purpose of fueling incinerator units to decompose wastes and other household or industrial wastes.

In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a boiler and burner unit for producing hot water,

A first inlet for receiving feed water;

A second inlet for receiving Brown gas from the Brown gas generator; And

Provided is a boiler and burner unit comprising an outlet for discharging the hot water produced.

According to a further embodiment, the application means may comprise at least one first chamber for producing hot water, wherein heat for heating the hot water is combusted of the brown gas obtained from the at least one first storage chamber. Derived from. In particular, the at least one first chamber may be a boiler and burner unit. The at least one first chamber is,

A first inlet for receiving Brown gas from at least one first storage chamber;

A second inlet for receiving water;

gas burner; And

An outlet for discharging the produced hot water,

Brown gas from the first inlet may be burned by a gas burner to heat water from the second inlet, and the heated water may be discharged from the outlet.

The second inlet for receiving water may be connected to the outlet of at least one heat exchanger housed in the at least one Brown gas generator.

The second inlet for receiving water may also be connected to the outlet of at least one solar collector.

At least one flash arrestor may be provided before the first inlet. Flame arresters may be equipped with devices commonly used in supply lines of volatile gases such as hydrogen, acetylene and other exhaust gases to prevent flame propagation to sources such as compressed gas storage tanks or gas generators. For the purposes of the present invention, flame arresters may be installed at various junctions of the Brown gas source to prevent the flame from arranging Brown gas storage tanks partially filled with liquefied hydrocarbons as flame refrigerant.

The at least one first chamber may further comprise a reactive metal element. For example, reactive metal elements that may be used in the at least one first chamber may include, but are not limited to, any of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloys or other high temperature nickel alloys. The reactive metal element may be in the form of a single curved or double curved shell with perforations formed in the shell surface to maximize the contact area between the metal element and the Brown gas flame. The nickel-chromium alloy may be in the form of nichrome wire. The reactive metal element may be placed in the path of the Brown gas flame to perform reactive combustion to further raise the flame temperature in the first chamber.

The system of the present invention may further comprise at least one second storage chamber for storing hot water produced from the at least one first chamber. Thus, the at least one second storage chamber can be connected to the outlet of the at least one first chamber. The hot water produced can be stored in a storage chamber for use in future space heating, washing, sanitation and cleaning.

According to a further embodiment, the application means may further comprise at least one second chamber for producing cold water. In particular, the at least one second chamber may be an absorption chiller unit.

The at least one second chamber,

A first inlet for receiving an absorbent;

A second inlet for receiving a refrigerant;

A third inlet for receiving cold water;

A fourth inlet for receiving warm water;

A first heat exchanger;

A second heat exchanger;

A first outlet for discharging hot water; And

A second outlet for discharging the produced cold water,

The third inlet and the first outlet may be connected to the first heat exchanger, and the fourth inlet and the second outlet may be connected to the second heat exchanger.

The absorbent may be lithium bromide (LiBr), ammonia (NH ₃ ), or other suitable absorbent such as a desiccant or dehumidifying agent known to those skilled in the art. The refrigerant may be water. Other suitable refrigerants may also be used for the purposes of the present invention.

The at least one second chamber is produced from a heat exchanger through which hot water from the at least second storage chamber passes, or using a heat produced directly from the at least one first chamber by combustion of Brown gas and a refrigerant and an absorbent. By vaporizing the cooling cycle can be achieved. As a result of the cooling cycle, water from the at least one second chamber is cooled. The produced cold water may be stored in at least one third storage chamber. Cold water can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, it can be used for space cooling applications. In particular, cold water from at least one third storage chamber can be introduced into an air conditioning unit comprising a heat exchanger with a blower to provide space cooling.

According to a further embodiment, the application means of the present invention may further comprise at least one third chamber for burning waste. In particular, said at least one third chamber is an incinerator unit. The at least one third chamber,

A combustion unit for burning the waste by combustion of Brown gas;

A first inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving waste;

A second inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving Brown gas from at least one first storage chamber; And

It may comprise an outlet connected to the combustion unit for discharging the exhaust gas produced in the combustion unit.

Waste can be separated into solid and liquid waste. The waste may be treated to reduce the moisture content before it is sent to the combustion unit.

The system according to the invention may further comprise a heat exchanger connected to the outlet for exhausting the exhaust gas at low temperature. Alternatively, the system according to the invention has an outlet connected to said combustion unit to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the outlet and / or to remove particulates and fly ash in the exhaust gas. It may include a wet scrubber connected to. Wet scrubbers are devices for treating a gas stream to remove fly ash of sub-micron size or larger. The wet scrubber can be equipped with a series of high volume water jet nozzles to quench the exhaust gas exiting the outlet. For example, the exhaust gas may be quenched to 200 ° C to 300 ° C. This can prevent dioxin and furan from reforming in the atmosphere. The outlet can also be connected to an air filter system. The provision of incinerators in the system is advantageous because hazardous waste can be disposed of without delay and thus harmful emissions to the atmosphere are avoided. Incinerators may also consist of waste-to-energy conversion incinerators in which the heat of combustion of waste is recovered for thermal power generation.

According to a second aspect, the present invention is directed to a boiler and burner unit for producing hot water,

A first inlet for receiving feed water;

A second inlet for receiving Brown gas from the Brown gas generator; And

An outlet for discharging the hot water produced,

Brown gas provides a boiler and burner unit that is combusted to generate heat to heat the feed water to produce hot water.

The outlet for discharging the produced hot water may be connected to a storage tank for storing the produced hot water. The first inlet of the boiler and burner unit may be connected to an outlet of the first heat exchanger of the Brown gas generator, an outlet of at least one solar collector, and / or a storage tank for storing the produced hot water.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a system for recovering heat generated by combustion of a combustion material,

At least one Brown gas generator in communication with an electricity source and a water source;

At least one first storage chamber in fluid communication with the generator for storing Brown gas generated from the generator;

At least one combustion chamber in communication with the at least one first storage chamber to combust a combustion material; And

At least one heat-extraction chamber configured to receive heat produced by the combustion chamber from combustion of the combustion material,

And the generator and the first storage chamber are installed in the vicinity of the combustion chamber and the heat-extraction chamber.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for recovering heat generated by combustion of a combustion material,

Combusting the combustion material in the at least one combustion chamber by combustion of the brown gas; And

A method for recovering heat, comprising recovering heat therein by receiving exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber.

The at least one Brown gas generator receives electricity to dissociate water into oxygen and hydrogen in the electrolysis process. The at least one Brown gas generator may have an electrolysis chamber. The mixture of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is piped to at least one first storage chamber. The at least one first storage chamber may contain a predetermined amount of liquefied hydrocarbon that can act as a flame refrigerant. For example, the liquefied hydrocarbon can be selected from the group consisting of hexane, heptane, methanol, ethanol and combinations thereof. Liquefied hydrocarbons can be kept at low temperatures, for example at temperatures below the boiling point of the hydrocarbons. Those skilled in the art will know suitable storage temperatures for the applicable hydrocarbons, which is common sense. For example, this temperature may be between 20 ° C and 100 ° C. In particular, when the hydrocarbon used is hexane, the temperature may be 10 ℃ to 20 ℃. Liquefied hydrocarbons act as a catalyst to control the flame temperature of Brown's gas. In particular, the liquefied hydrocarbon may be hexane.

According to a further embodiment, the waste is combusted in at least one combustion chamber. The at least one combustion chamber uses Brown gas as fuel. Brown gas may be obtained from at least one first storage chamber. In particular, the combustion chamber may be an incinerator unit. The combustion chamber may be of a single stage or multistage configuration. At least one combustion chamber,

A combustion unit for burning the combustion material by combustion of Brown gas;

A first inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving a combustion material;

A second inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving Brown gas from at least one first storage chamber; And

It may comprise an outlet connected to the combustion unit for discharging the exhaust gas produced in the combustion unit.

The combustion material may be waste, rubbish, and other household or industrial waste. The combustion chamber may further comprise a pretreatment unit for pretreatment of the combustion material prior to being transferred to the combustion unit. Combustion materials can be separated into solid phase and liquid phase combustion materials. Combustion materials can be classified to remove renewable noncombustible and harmful combustion materials. Combustion materials may be compressed and / or dried to reduce moisture content.

Combustion material is combusted in the combustion unit. The combustion material is conveyed to the combustion unit by any suitable method. For example, the combustion material is transferred to the combustion unit by gravity or mechanical means. The combustion unit may comprise a brown gas burner for emitting a hot flame to the combustion unit to burn the combustion material. The combustion unit may further comprise an additional inlet for allowing fresh air to be supplied to the combustion unit to achieve more complete combustion of the combustion material. The combustion unit may be lined with refractory material to maintain a high temperature therein. Burned combustion materials and charred noncombustible materials can be collected in a combustion unit and then disposed of. Burned combustion materials and carbonized noncombustible materials may be further processed before disposal.

The combustion chamber may comprise a re-oxidation chamber in addition to the combustion unit. The reoxidation chamber may be a means for thermal cleaning the exhaust gas produced in the combustion unit before the exhaust gas is released to the atmosphere. For example, the exhaust gases produced due to the combustion of the combustion materials in the combustion unit can be oxidized in the reoxidation chamber to further decompose or oxidize these exhaust gases in a form less harmful to the environment. The reoxidation chamber may also use Brown gas for its operation. The reoxidation chamber may thus comprise a brown gas burner to heat the exhaust gas to an appropriate temperature. For example, the temperature at which the exhaust gas is heated may be the reduction reaction temperature of the exhaust gas component. The temperature may be 1000 ℃ to 2000 ℃. In particular, the temperature may be 1000 ℃ to 1500 ℃.

To further reduce the release of nitrogen oxides, the brown gas burners in the reoxidation chamber may use a mixture of brown gas and pure oxygen instead of fresh air for combustion. The high nitrogen content in fresh air can react to form nitrogen oxides under high temperature, which can be harmful to the environment.

The reoxidation chamber may comprise a mesh-grid block. The reticulated-lattice block can be placed in direct contact with the Brown gas flame in the reoxidation chamber to obtain a high temperature. The mesh-lattice block can be supported on a metal frame. The mesh-lattice block can be of any suitable material. For example, the mesh-lattice block can be made of platinum, stainless steel, nickel-chromium alloy or aluminum-chromium alloy. The exhaust gases coming from the combustion unit will be heated and pass through a glowing mesh-lattice block to achieve a thermo-chemical reaction that completely oxidizes the exhaust gas components such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other particulates in the exhaust gas. Can be. Treated exhaust gases may be used for other applications in the system of the present invention or may be further treated before being released to the atmosphere.

In a multi-stage configuration of a combustion chamber, for example a two-stage combustion chamber, the combustion material is combusted in insufficient air conditions within the combustion unit to exhaust carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, carbon monoxide gas, hydrogen gas, and gaseous hydrocarbon compounds. It can generate gas. The exhaust gas may then be transported to the reoxidation chamber. The reoxidation chamber can be supplied with sufficient air and oxygen-rich conditions to further oxidize the components of the exhaust gas.

In order to ensure that the produced exhaust gas is reliably discharged from the combustion unit, the combustion unit and the reoxidation chamber are maintained at an appropriate negative pressure. For example, this pressure can be -50 Pa. The negative pressure can be maintained by installing a suction fan at the outlet of the combustion unit.

As mentioned above, combustion of the combustion materials in the combustion chamber produces exhaust gases. Heat from the exhaust gases is used for other applications in the system. For example, the produced exhaust gas can be transported to at least one heat-extraction chamber. In particular, the at least one heat-extraction chamber can be a boiler unit or a ”dryer.

The boiler unit may be for producing steam, and heat for producing steam is derived from the exhaust gas transported from the combustion chamber to the boiler unit. Any suitable boiler unit can be used. The boiler unit may be designed to accept exhaust gases that do not exceed a predetermined temperature and to allow a certain minimum volume flow rate. In this case, a blower may be installed at the inlet of the boiler unit to lower the temperature of the incoming exhaust gas and increase the volume flow rate of the incoming exhaust gas. For example, the boiler unit may be in the form of a metal-tube counterflow heat exchanger boiler unit. At least one heat-extraction chamber,

Water inlet;

An exhaust gas inlet for receiving exhaust gas produced from the combustion unit;

A first outlet for exhausting the produced steam; And

A second outlet for exhausting exhaust gas;

Water from the water inlet is heated by the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas inlet to produce steam, the steam is discharged from the first outlet and the exhaust gas is discharged from the second outlet. Thus, the exhaust gas inlet of the at least one heat-extraction chamber can be connected to the outlet of the at least one combustion chamber.

Feed water into the heat-extraction chamber can be obtained from a water source in the system. The feed water in the heat-extraction chamber absorbs heat from the exhaust gases produced by the combustion chamber to form steam. The steam may be raised to a steam drum for further heating at high pressure to produce superheated steam.

Feed water to the at least one heat-extraction chamber may be preheated in the combustion chamber. For example, a tube of feed water may extend from the roof and along the walls of the combustion chamber, such that the tube is exposed to heat from the exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber or heat in the combustion chamber. The feed water in the tube can be heated by convective and radiant heat. The volume flow rate of the feed water in the tube can be controlled so that the water is heated to about 90 ° C. or less. The heated feed water may then be pumped into at least one heat-extraction chamber for steam production.

According to a further embodiment, the system of the present invention may further comprise an electricity generating means in communication with the at least one first chamber. The electricity generating means,

At least one steam turbine configured to receive steam produced by the at least one first chamber;

At least one generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity; And

And means for discharging electricity generated from the generator.

Steam from at least one heat-extraction chamber, for example a boiler unit, operates a turbine to produce mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy in at least one generator to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is discharged. do. Any suitable steam turbine can be used. For example, the steam turbine can be a single stage or multistage steam turbine. The steam or superheated steam supply to the steam turbine can be regulated by a control system. For example, the steam supply to the steam turbine can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the feed water entering the boiler unit.

The generated electricity may be supplied to at least one Brown gas generator and / or the electric grid for generating Brown gas. Thus, one of the advantages of the system of the present invention is that dependence on an external power source can be reduced by generating electricity from steam.

The system may further comprise a heat exchanger in communication with the at least one steam turbine. In particular, the heat exchanger may be a cooling unit. Heat exchanger,

A steam inlet for receiving steam from the steam turbine; And

Can include a water outlet,

The heat exchanger condenses the steam by cooling the steam received from the steam inlet to produce water, which is discharged from the water outlet. The water discharged from the heat exchanger can be recycled in the system. For example, the water discharged from the heat exchanger can be used as feed water into the boiler unit.

The heat exchanger may also be in communication with at least one heat-extraction chamber. In particular, when the steam turbine reaches its maximum capacity, the steam produced in the boiler unit can be sent to a heat exchanger and cooled with water. Thus, the heat exchanger may comprise a second inlet configured to receive the steam produced by the at least one heat-extraction chamber when the steam turbine has reached its maximum capacity.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one heat-extraction chamber may comprise a dryer for drying the combustion material before it is combusted in the combustion chamber. For example, the at least one heat-extraction chamber can be part of the pretreatment unit of the combustion chamber described above. In particular, the dryer reduces the moisture content of the combustion material before it is burned in the combustion unit. The heat for drying the combustion material in the at least one heat-extraction chamber may be derived from the exhaust gas exiting the combustion chamber. Thus, the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber can be sent out to the dryer. Exhaust gases from the boiler unit can also be sent to the dryer to dry the combustion materials. The dried combustion material is transferred into the combustion chamber for combustion in the combustion chamber.

The system of the present invention may also further comprise a post-treatment unit for treating the exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere. Thus, the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber, the dryer and / or the boiler unit can be sent to the aftertreatment unit. The aftertreatment unit may comprise at least one reoxidation chamber, a wet scrubber and / or a quencher. The reoxidation chamber as described above thermally cleans the exhaust gas by combustion of Brown gas. Wet scrubbers are devices for treating a gas stream to remove fly ash of sub-micron size or larger. The wet scrubber can be equipped with a series of high volume water jet nozzles to quench the exhaust gas exiting the outlet. For example, the exhaust gas may be quenched to 200 ° C to 300 ° C. This can prevent dioxin and furan from reforming in the atmosphere. The outlet can also be connected to an air filter system. The quencher lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas exiting the outlet and / or removes particulates and fly ash in the exhaust gas.

According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for recovering heat generated by combustion of a combustion material,

Combusting the combustion material in the at least one combustion chamber by combustion of the brown gas; And

It provides a heat recovery method comprising receiving the exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber and recovering heat therein.

The method may further comprise producing steam in the boiler, wherein heat for producing steam is derived from the exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber. The steam is transported into a steam turbine in communication with a generator for generating electricity.

The method may further comprise the step of drying the combustion material before it is combusted in the at least one combustion chamber, wherein heat for drying the combustion material is derived from the exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention is directed to an assembly for treating exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere.

At least one processing chamber for receiving and heating exhaust gas;

Means for combusting the brown gas to supply heat for heating the exhaust gas; And

And a portion for discharging the heated exhaust gas.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere.

Providing exhaust gas to at least one processing chamber;

Providing brown gas to the brown gas combustion means; And

It provides an exhaust gas processing method comprising the step of heating the exhaust gas to a predetermined temperature by the combustion of Brown gas.

The brown gas combustion means may be a brown gas burner. Any suitable Brown gas burner can be used for the purposes of the present invention. The brown gas burner may emit hot flames in the processing chamber to heat the exhaust gas. The processing chamber may also include additional inlets for allowing fresh air to be supplied to the processing chamber. The processing chamber may be supplied with sufficient air and oxygen-rich conditions to further oxidize the exhaust gas components. The processing chamber may be lined with a refractory material to maintain a high temperature therein. When the exhaust gas is heated, the exhaust gas may be oxidized in the processing chamber to be further decomposed or oxidized in a form that may be less harmful to the environment. For example, the exhaust gas can be heated to a suitable temperature. The exhaust gas may be heated to the ignition temperature. The temperature at which the exhaust gas is heated may be at least 700 ° C. In particular, the exhaust gas may be heated to a temperature of 800 ° C to 1600 ° C.

The assembly may further comprise at least one member in at least one processing chamber, wherein heating of the exhaust gas near the at least one member achieves high exhaust gas heating efficiency. For example, the at least one member may include a mesh, steel wool, rod, metal plate, or a combination thereof. The member can be made of any suitable material. In particular, said member comprises a mesh-lattice block, said mesh-lattice block being housed in at least one processing chamber. The mesh-lattice block may be made of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloy, aluminum-chromium alloy or a combination thereof. The member may be arranged to be in direct contact with the Brown gas flame exiting the processing chamber to obtain a high temperature. The member can be supported on the support means. For example, the mesh-lattice block can be supported on a metal frame. Exhaust gas entering the processing chamber can be made to pass through the heated member for better heating efficiency. In particular, the incoming exhaust gas may be heated and passed through the heated reticulated-lattice block to achieve a thermo-chemical reaction that completely oxidizes the exhaust gas components such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other particulates in the exhaust gas. Treated exhaust gases can be used for other applications or can be further treated before being released to the atmosphere.

The assembly may include one or more processing chambers. For example, there may be one, two, three, four, five or six processing chambers. In particular, there are three processing chambers. The advantage of having more processing chambers is that the residence time of the heated exhaust gases is increased and thus complete oxidation of the exhaust gas components can be achieved. When there is more than one processing chamber, a possible way of arranging the processing chambers is to arrange them in series so that the exhaust gases pass sequentially through each of the three processing chambers.

The heated exhaust gas can be used for other applications. Thus, the assembly may further include a heat-extraction chamber configured to receive the heated exhaust gas from the at least one processing chamber. In particular, the heat-extraction chamber may comprise a boiler unit. More specifically, the heat-extraction chamber comprises a steam boiler unit.

The heat-extraction chamber may comprise a boiler unit for producing steam, the heat for producing steam being derived from the heated exhaust gas transported from the at least one processing chamber to the boiler unit. Any suitable boiler unit can be used. For example, the boiler unit may be in the form of a metal-tube or plate counterflow heat exchanger boiler unit. Heat-extraction chamber,

Water inlet;

Steam outlet; And

May include an exhaust gas outlet,

The heat-extraction chamber is arranged such that the exhaust gas can heat water to produce steam. In particular, the water from the water inlet is heated by exhaust gases from at least one processing unit to produce steam, and the steam and exhaust gases are discharged from the steam outlet and the exhaust gas outlet, respectively.

Feed water into the boiler unit can be obtained from a water source. The feed water in the boiler unit absorbs heat from the exhaust gases produced by the at least one processing chamber to form steam. The steam may be raised to a steam drum for further heating at high pressure to produce superheated steam. The feed water to the boiler unit can be preheated. For example, a tube of feed water may extend from the roof and along the walls of the at least one treatment chamber, such that the tube is exposed to heat from the exhaust gas sent to the treatment chamber (s) or heat in the treatment chamber. . The feed water in the tube can be heated by convective and radiant heat. The volume flow rate of the feed water in the tube can be controlled so that the water is heated to about 90 ° C. or less. The heated feed water can then be pumped into the boiler unit for steam production.

According to a further embodiment, the assembly may further comprise electricity generating means in communication with the heat-extraction chamber. The electricity generating means,

At least one steam turbine configured to receive steam produced by the heat-extraction chamber;

At least one generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity; And

And means for discharging electricity generated from the generator.

Steam from the heat-extraction chamber, in particular the boiler unit, operates the turbine to produce mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy in at least one generator to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is discharged. Any suitable steam turbine can be used. For example, the steam turbine can be a single stage or multistage steam turbine. The steam or superheated steam supply to the steam turbine can be regulated by a control system. For example, the steam supply to the steam turbine can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the feed water entering the boiler unit. The generated electricity can be supplied to the electrical grid. Electricity can be used for other purposes in the system. Thus, one of the advantages of the system of the present invention is that dependence on an external power source can be reduced by generating electricity from steam.

The assembly may further comprise a heat exchanger in communication with the at least one steam turbine. In particular, the heat exchanger may be a cooling unit. Heat exchanger,

A steam inlet for receiving steam from the steam turbine; And

Can include a water outlet,

The heat exchanger can condense steam to produce water, which is discharged from the outlet. The water discharged from the heat exchanger can be recycled in the assembly. For example, the water discharged from the heat exchanger can be used as feed water into the boiler unit. Thus, the water outlet of the heat exchanger can be connected to the water inlet of the heat-extraction chamber.

The heat exchanger may also be in communication with the heat-extraction chamber. In particular, when the steam turbine has reached its maximum capacity, the steam produced in the boiler unit of the heat-extraction chamber can be sent to a heat exchanger and cooled with water. Thus, the heat exchanger may include a second inlet configured to receive the steam produced by the heat-extraction chamber when the steam turbine has reached its maximum capacity.

The assembly of the invention may also further comprise a post-treatment unit for further treatment of the exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere. For example, the aftertreatment unit may be a cleaning assembly. The cleaning assembly may comprise exhaust gas cleaning means. The cleaning assembly is configured to receive exhaust gas from an exhaust gas outlet of the heat-extraction chamber and a portion for discharging the heated exhaust gas. In particular, the exhaust gas cleaning means is a scrubber. Any suitable cleaner can be used. For example, the scrubber may be a wet scrubber, a venturi scrubber, an impingement scrubber or a spray tower scrubber. The exhaust gas cleaning means may comprise a gravity settling chamber and a mechanical dust collector.

It is important that the exhaust gas scrubbing means can transport the particulates from the exhaust gas into the liquid stream in order to reduce the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas. This reduces the amount of fine dust in the exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere. The exhaust gas cleaning means can remove fine dust having an average diameter of about 3 μm or more. The exhaust gas cleaning means can simultaneously collect fine dust and gaseous contaminants from the exhaust gas. The gas can be removed by absorption or chemical reactions. For example, in a scrubber, exhaust gas filled with particulates is in forced contact with a liquid jet from a liquid drop, a liquid sheet on a packing material, or a plate. The ability of the particulate wet scrubber to remove particulates, for example from a gas stream, depends on the following parameters:

Particle size, ie aerodynamic diameter;

Speed of particulates; And / or

Speed of drops, sheets or jets.

The exhaust gas cleaning means may further comprise a pre-filter or a final filter to further remove fine dust in the exhaust gas. For example, the pretreatment-filter may be installed upstream of the scrubber intended to capture fine dust with a large average diameter. The scrubber itself can also remove the large particulate matter, but if large particulates are removed before the gas stream passes through the scrubber, the scrubber can concentrate more effectively on fine dust with a smaller average diameter. The final filter can be installed downstream of the scrubber. The final filter is to capture particulates that were not removed during the cleaning process.

The wet scrubber can treat the gas stream by removing sub-micron or larger fly ashes from the gas stream. In addition to removing fine dust from the gas stream, a wet scrubber may quench the exhaust gas. For example, a wet scrubber may be provided with a series of high volume water jet nozzles to quench the exhaust gas.

The cleaning assembly may further comprise means for cooling the exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere. Any suitable exhaust gas cooling means can be used. For example, the exhaust gas cooling means is a quench cooler. The exhaust gas cooling means can cool the exhaust gas to a temperature below 300 ° C. The advantage of cooling the exhaust gases before they are released to the atmosphere is that they can prevent the regeneration of dioxins and furans in the atmosphere. This cooling means can be connected to the air filter system to further remove particulates and fly ash in the exhaust gas.

According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere.

Providing an exhaust gas to at least one processing chamber;

Providing brown gas to the brown gas combustion means; And

It provides an exhaust gas processing method comprising the step of heating the exhaust gas to a predetermined temperature by the combustion of Brown gas.

The heating step may include heating the exhaust gas in the presence of at least one member to achieve higher heating efficiency. The predetermined temperature may be 700 ° C. or more. The brown gas combustion means may be a brown gas burner.

According to a particular embodiment, the exhaust gas is provided to three processing chambers, where the exhaust gas passes sequentially through each of the three processing chambers. In particular, the method,

Providing exhaust gas to the first processing chamber;

Heating the exhaust gas in the first processing chamber to a first predetermined temperature by combustion of Brown gas;

Transporting the heated exhaust gas from the first processing chamber to the second processing chamber;

Heating the exhaust gas in the second processing chamber to a second predetermined temperature by combustion of Brown gas;

Transporting the heated exhaust gas from the second processing chamber to the third processing chamber; And

Heating the exhaust gas in the third processing chamber to a third predetermined temperature by combustion of the brown gas.

For example, the first predetermined temperature may be about 800 ° C. The second predetermined temperature may be about 1000 ° C. The third predetermined temperature may be at least 1200 ° C. In particular, the third predetermined temperature may be about 1600 ° C.

The method may further comprise producing steam in a heat-extraction chamber, wherein heat for producing steam is derived from the heated exhaust gas. The steam produced is sent to at least one steam turbine in communication with a generator for generating electricity.

The method may further comprise further treating the heated exhaust gas. For example, the method

Cleaning the heated exhaust gas in exhaust gas cleaning means; And / or

Cooling the heated exhaust gas in exhaust gas cooling means.

The exhaust gas can be cooled to an appropriate temperature. For example, the exhaust gas is cooled to a temperature below 300 ° C.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate its possible arrangements. Other arrangements of the invention are also possible, and therefore the specificity of the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the invention.

1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram of an absorption chiller according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a schematic diagram of an incinerator unit according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a schematic diagram of a local production, storage and delivery of brown gas and hot and cold water to a multi-story building, according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a schematic diagram of a system utilizing heat from exhaust gases generated by a combustion chamber according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a schematic diagram of a system utilizing heat from exhaust gases generated by a combustion chamber according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a schematic view of an assembly according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

1 illustrates a portion of an isolation system of one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates Brown gas generation and Brown gas use in boiler and burner units in an isolated system. Brown gas is generated in Brown gas generator 116, one of which is described in US Pat. No. 4,081,656. Generator 116 may have an electrolysis chamber. A power supply 104 is connected to a control panel 106 that monitors and controls operating parameters, such as powering the generator through the power line 114. A water source 102 is also provided. The water source 102 may be in the form of a reservoir tank. Water from the water source 102 passes through a reverse osmosis (RO) water purifier 108, and the filtered RO water is stored in the RO water tank 110. Water from RO water tank 110 is supplied to generator 116 by pump 112.

Thus, generator 116 accepts RO water and electricity to dissociate oxygen and hydrogen gas during electrolysis. The mixture of the generated oxygen and hydrogen gas is sent to the Brown gas storage tank 122 through the pipe 121. Generator 116 further includes a heat exchanger 118. An immediate byproduct of the electrolysis process is heat due to the dissociation of water into its components. The heat exchanger 118 is water cooled. Water is supplied from the water source 102 to the heat exchanger 118 through a pipe 152. The pretreated water is then sent out by the pipe 154 from the heat exchanger 118.

Brown gas storage tank 122 is partially filled with liquefied hydrocarbons. In this case, the liquefied hydrocarbon is hexane 124. Hexane storage tank 126 is also provided. Hexane 124 from hexane storage tank 126 is pumped to Brown gas storage tank 122 by pump 127. The mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas is mixed with hexane vapor 124 to form Brown gas 120. Brown gas storage tank 122 further includes a relief valve 128.

The control panel 106 is also provided with RO water supply from the RO water tank 110 to the generator 116, hexane 124 supply to the Brown gas storage tank 122, within the generator 116 and the Brown gas storage tank 122. Other operating parameters such as gas pressure, operating temperature of generator 116, and flow rates of a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas from generator 116 are monitored and controlled.

Brown gas 120 from Brown gas storage tank 122 may be supplied directly to the end user through the pipe network 130. The pipe may be provided with at least one check valve 132 to ensure that the flow of gas proceeds in only one direction. Pipe 130 further includes a pressure regulator 133, a control valve 134 and a flame arrestor 136. In addition to supplying brown gas 120 directly to the end user, brown gas 120 may also be supplied to the boiler and burner unit 146 to produce hot water.

In particular, the brown gas 120 is supplied to the burner 148 of the boiler and burner unit 146 by pipe 138. Pipe 138 includes a check valve 140, a pressure regulator 141, a control valve 142 and a flame arrestor 144. Burner 148 is a standard industrial gas burner equipped with gas ignition means, flame shape and pattern control means, and flame detection means. Burner 148 operates with Brown gas 120 and has a motorized blower, a gas supply solenoid valve and a gas nozzle. Burner 148 is configured to produce a flame at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or less. Burner 148 emits flame to the boiler.

Boiler 150 is a cylindrical structure having a space therein for receiving a bundle of water-tubes (not shown) for storing feedwater supplied to boiler 150 to be heated to produce hot water. Also within the boiler 150 is a layer of reactive metal elements installed in the path of the flame that burns the Brown gas 120 to achieve reactive combustion that assists in further raising the flame temperature. The hot gas produced due to combustion of the brown gas 120 in the burner 148 is in contact with the tube bundle, so that the feed water in the tube is heated. In order to keep the heat of combustion as much as possible, the outside of the boiler 150 is covered with a layer of insulating material. Heat from combustion of the brown gas 120 in the burner 148 is used to heat the feed water supplied to the boiler 150 to produce hot water.

The feed water to the boiler 150 comes from three sources. First, it emerges as make-up water from the water source 102. This water is pumped along the pipe 156 into the boiler by the pump 158. Second, it comes out as preheated water in pipe 154 exiting heat exchanger 118 in Brown gas generator 116. Third, it emerges as preheated water in pipe 157 exiting at least one solar collector 159. At least one solar collector 159 receives water from the water source 102 and discharges the preheated water to be sent to the boiler and burner unit 146 through the pipe 157. In particular, water from pipes 154, 156, 157 is combined and pumped to boiler and burner unit 146 by pump 158. The hot water produced by the boiler 150 can be used for space heating, sanitation and cleaning applications. The hot water produced by the boiler 150 is fed from the water source 102 through the mixer valve to achieve a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 70 ° C. depending on the application prior to using the water for space heating, sanitary and cleaning purposes. It can be mixed with water. The hot water produced may be stored in a hot water storage tank.

2 shows a further unit included in the system of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of absorption chiller 200. Absorption cooler 200 produces cooled water that can be used for space cooling purposes. Absorption cooler 200 is divided into four sections: condenser 202, generator 204, evaporator 206 and absorber 208. Absorption cooler 200 operates in a thermochemical process that evaporates a refrigerant near a vacuum to absorb heat from its surroundings.

Evaporator 206 and absorber 208 sections are maintained in near vacuum conditions. In particular, the conditions in the evaporator 206 are as follows: The evaporator 206 is maintained in a vacuum to achieve evaporation at low temperatures. For example, the pressure may be about 1 kPa and the temperature may be about 4 ° C. The absorption chiller 200 is heated by a heat exchanger 205 through which the hot water from the hot water tank 201 passes. It may also be installed in close proximity to the burner 148 of the boiler and burner unit 146 to replenish heat. The generator section 204 of the absorption chiller 200 is supplied with lithium bromide (LiBr) 210, an absorbent, water 212, and a refrigerant. The heat produced from the hot water produced by the boiler and burner unit 146 or from the combustion of the brown gas 120 by the burner 148 vaporizes the moisture contained in the LiBr solution 210 in the generator section 204. . Refrigerant gas in the form of water vapor 214 is circulated to the condenser section 202 and passes its latent heat to the cold water 242 in the heat exchanger 216. In this process, water vapor 214 is condensed back into the refrigerant water 212.

Refrigerant water 212 flows through pipe 218 including expansion valve 220 to form refrigerant spray 222 in evaporator section 206. Water from the spray 222 is sprayed into the cold water tube 224 bundle at the evaporator section 206. Water from spray 222 is partially absorbed by concentrated LiBr 230 in absorber section 208, partially collected at 223 of evaporator section 206, and through pipe 218 with the aid of pump 238. Recycled back to condenser section 202. The water temperature of the refrigerant spray 222 is low so that the water of the refrigerant spray 222 absorbs heat from the hot water 246 in the cold water tube 224 and evaporates (under vacuum). Thus, the cooled water is discharged from the cold water tube 224. The refrigerant gas produced in the process is absorbed by the concentrated LiBr 230 in the absorber section 208. This rapid absorption of refrigerant gas creates a vacuum in the evaporator 206 as the evaporator 206 and absorber 208 are interconnected. In particular, a pump (not shown) is connected to the evaporator 206 and the absorber 208. The pump produces high vacuum at less than 1.0% of atmospheric pressure. In the generator section 204, concentrated LiBr is produced. Condensation of water in the LiBr solution evaporates in the generator section 204, forming concentrated LiBr. The concentrated LiBr flows through the pipe 226 including the expansion valve 228 to the absorber section 208 to form a LiBr spray 230. LiBr from LiBr spray 230 collects at the bottom of absorber section 208 to form a pool of dilute LiBr solution 232, which is combined with refrigerant gas from evaporator 206 and pump 236. Is recycled back to the LiBr pool 210 of the generator section 204. LiBr spray 230 sprays LiBr to heat exchanger 215 in absorber section 208. The heat exchanger 215 has cold water 240 at a temperature of approximately 25 ° C. that is transferred from the cooling tower 250 to the heat exchanger, and the slightly higher temperature water 242 is discharged from the heat exchanger 215 to allow It is sent to the heat exchanger 216. Thus, after absorbing heat from the refrigerant gas 214 in the condenser section 202, the hot water 244 is discharged from the heat exchanger 216 and supplied to the cooling tower 250.

Cold water 248 produced in the evaporator section 206 is piped directly to the storage tank or to the end user for use in various applications, such as space cooling applications. For example, cold water 248 may flow to each home air conditioning unit (blowered heat exchanger) to provide space cooling.

The system of the present invention also includes an incinerator unit 300. The arrangement of the incinerator unit 300 is shown in FIG. 3. In particular, the incinerator unit 300 uses the brown gas 120 generated by the brown gas generator 116 as a fuel. Incinerator unit 300 oxidizes household and industrial waste at the system site. Incinerator unit 300 operates with Brown gas 120 obtained from Brown gas storage tank 122. Brown gas 120 is piped from storage tank 122 to combustion chamber 312 and reoxidation chamber 314 by pipe network 302. The pipe network 302 directs the flow of the pressure regulator 304, the check valve 303 at the outlet of the Brown gas storage tank 122, and the Brown gas 120 to the combustion chamber 312 and the reoxidation chamber 314. It further includes a multivalve 306 for dividing. The pressure regulator 304 controls and maintains a uniform outlet Brown gas 120 pressure within the pipe network 302. Each of the combustion chamber 312 and the reoxidation chamber 314 is equipped with brown gas burners 313 and 315, respectively. Brown gas burners 313 and 315 are standard industrial gas burners with gas ignition means, flame shape and pattern control means, and flame detection means. Brown gas burners 313 and 315 are operated with Brown gas 120 and also have a motorized blower, a gas supply solenoid valve and a gas nozzle. Burners 313 and 315 are configured to produce flame at temperatures below 1500 ° C. in combustion chamber 312 and reoxidation chamber 314. Flame arresters 308 and 310 and control valves 305 and 307 are also provided at the inlet of each of combustion chamber 312 and reoxidation chamber 314.

Incinerator unit 300 also includes pretreatment units 316 and 318. The pretreatment unit 316 is for pretreatment of the solid phase waste, and the pretreatment unit 318 is for pretreatment of the liquid phase waste. The pretreatment unit 316 includes a collection unit 320, a sorter 322 and a dryer 324. The collection unit 320 collects the solid waste and the classifier 322 sorts the waste. Solid phase wastes can be physically sorted through visual means by manual sorters to remove glass, sand grains, metals and other bulky items. While the waste is heated, the moisture content of the waste is reduced in the dryer 324. Waste is heated by tube bundles. Steam flows through the tube bundles to heat them up, thus heating the waste. Waste from dryer 324 is then transferred to combustion chamber 312. Similarly, for the pretreatment of liquid waste, the pretreatment unit 318 includes a collection unit 326 for collecting liquid waste, a filter 328 for removing sludge from the liquid waste, and an evaporator for removing the contained moisture from the sludge. 330 is provided. Filter 328 may be any suitable filter. For example, the filter can be a fibrous or membrane filter. Alternatively, filter presses or centrifugal filters may also be used. The pretreatment process for liquid phase wastes may include solid-water separation to filter sludge from the feed. Sludge can be collected in an evaporator for dewatering. The filtered raw water can then be chemically treated before being discharged to the drainage system. The treated waste is then transferred to the combustion chamber 312.

Combustion chamber 312 is heated by the combustion of Brown gas 120 to reach a temperature below 1500 ° C., which is above the ignition point of most solid waste. When the combustion chamber 312 achieves a temperature of about 1000 ° C. from burning waste and brown gas 120, the brown gas burner 313 stops operating. Brown gas burner 313 only re-ignites when the temperature of combustion chamber 312 drops below 1000 ° C. Combustion chamber 312 may also have a heat exchanger 338 in itself. The heat exchanger 338 may maximize heat recovery. For example, the circulating water contained in the tube bundle of the heat exchanger 338 absorbs the heat of combustion from the combustion chamber 312 and releases this heat in the waste dryer 324, which removes moisture from the solid phase waste. It can be used to The incinerator unit 300 is also provided with a circulation system to provide the feed water to the heat exchanger in the incinerator unit 300. The circulation system includes multi-valve 348, 350, 352, steam settling tank 344, pump 346, and piping network 342.

Exhaust gas 332 produced as a result of waste combustion in combustion chamber 312 is reoxidized chamber 314 to completely decompose any waste remaining in the exhaust gas by further oxidizing organic and other hazardous substances. Is transferred to.

The reoxidation chamber 314 is maintained at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher by combustion of the exhaust gas 332 by the burner 315 and supplemental combustion of the brown gas 120. Reoxidation chamber 314 has means for supplying fresh air for oxygen rich combustion of exhaust gas 332. The reoxidation chamber is heated by burner 315 to reach about 1000 ° C., which is an auto ignition temperature of exhaust gas components such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ₂ ) and methane (CH ₃ ). When reoxidation chamber 314 achieves a temperature of about 1000 ° C. from combustion of exhaust gas 332 and supplemental combustion of Brown gas 120, burner 315 stops operating. When the temperature of the reoxidation chamber 314 drops below 1000 ° C., the burner 315 begins to burn Brown gas 120. The reoxidation chamber 314 further includes a mesh-lattice block 311 supported by a metal frame in the reoxidation chamber 314. Highly permeable perforated mesh-lattice block 311 may be made of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloy or other nickel alloy. The cells of the mesh-lattice block 311 may be any suitable shape, such as a square, triangle or polygonal shape. The mesh-lattice block 311 may be composed of interlaced multilayer structures to maximize contact with the incoming exhaust gas 332 and its exposure to the Brown gas flame produced by the burner 315. have.

The orientation of the flow direction of the brown gas flame produced by the burner 315 and the exhaust gas 332 relative to the mesh-lattice block 311 is made to be orthogonal or parallel to each other. The mesh-lattice block 311 is arranged to be in line with the Brown gas flame produced by the burner 315. Exhaust gas 332 from combustion chamber 312 is channeled to pass through mesh-lattice block 311. When directly exposed to the Brown gas flame produced by the burner 315, the reticulated-lattice block 311 will rise to obtain a temperature that can react with the incoming exhaust gas 332. In this process, exhaust gas constituents such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ₂ ) and other gaseous hydrocarbon compounds are oxidized in less harmful forms to the environment such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), water and other less harmful gases.

Exhaust gas 335 produced from the reoxidation chamber 314 passes through a chamber 334 that includes a wet scrubber 336 before being released as exhaust gas into the atmosphere. The wet scrubber 336 processes the produced exhaust gas 335 to remove fly ash of sub-micron size or larger. The wet scrubber 336 employs a series of solid solutions to quench the exhaust gas 335 to a temperature of about 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. before it is released as the exhaust gas 340 to prevent dioxin and furan from reforming in the atmosphere. Red water spray nozzles can be provided. Feed water to the wet scrubber 336 is obtained from the water source 102. Exhaust gas 340 emitted from chamber 334 may be connected to an air filter system.

4 shows an example of the arrangement of the various units of the system described above. In particular, FIG. 4 shows that units such as Brown gas generator 116, boiler and burner unit 146, absorption chiller 200 and incinerator unit 300 produce Brown gas, store Brown gas, It shows how it can be used in an isolated system to deliver for various uses in a multi-story building.

5 illustrates a general isolation system of one embodiment of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 5 illustrates the generation of brown gas and the use of brown gas in a combustion chamber in an isolated system. Brown gas is generated in a brown gas generating system 1113, which includes a brown gas generator 1114, a heat exchanger 1116, and a brown gas storage tank 1122. In particular, brown gas is generated in the brown gas generator 1114, one type of which is described in US Pat. No. 4,081,656. The generator 1114 may have an electrolysis chamber. A power supply 1104 is connected to a control panel 1106 that monitors and controls operating parameters such as power supply to generator 1114 via power line 1112. A water source 1102 is also provided. The water source 1102 may be in the form of a reservoir tank. Water from water source 1102 passes through reverse osmosis (RO) water purifier 1108 by pump 1110, and the purified RO water is supplied to an electrolysis chamber of generator 1114.

Thus, generator 1114 accepts RO water and electricity to dissociate oxygen and hydrogen gas during electrolysis. The mixture of generated oxygen and hydrogen gas is sent to the brown gas storage tank 1122 through the pipe 1121. Brown's gas generation system 1113 further includes a heat exchanger 1116. An immediate byproduct of the electrolysis process is heat due to the dissociation of water into its components. Heat exchanger 1116 is water cooled. Cold water is circulated from the cooling tower 1118 to the heat exchanger 1116 through the pipe 1117. Next, hot water is sent out from the heat exchanger 1116 by the pipe 1119 and returns to the cooling tower 1118.

Brown gas storage tank 1122 is partially filled with liquefied hydrocarbons. In this case, the liquefied hydrocarbon is hexane 1124. Hexane storage tank 1126 is also provided. Hexane 1124 from hexane storage tank 1126 is pumped to Brown gas storage tank 1122 by a pump (not shown). The mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas is mixed with hexane vapor to form Brown gas 1120. Brown gas storage tank 1122 further includes relief valve 1128. A relief valve is a valve that is set to open at a certain pressure level so that pressure in the container or system does not reach an unsafe level.

Brown gas 1120 from Brown gas storage tank 1122 may be supplied directly to combustion chamber 1142 through piping network 1130. At least one check valve 1132 may be provided in the pipe of the pipe network 1130 to ensure that the flow of the brown gas 1120 proceeds in only one direction. Piping network 1130 further includes at least one pressure regulator 1134, at least one control valve 1136, and at least one flame arrester 1138. Pressure regulators are devices used to control and maintain a uniform outlet gas pressure to the piping, and flame arresters 1138 are devices that prevent "flashback" of external flames through open safety caps. to be.

In particular, the brown gas 1120 is supplied to at least one burner 1140 of combustion chamber 1142 by pipe network 1130. Burner 1140 is a standard industrial gas burner equipped with gas ignition means, flame shape and pattern control means, and flame detection means. Burner 1140 operates with Brown gas 1120 and has a motorized blower, a gas supply solenoid valve and a gas nozzle. Burner 1140 is configured to produce a flame at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher. The burner 1140 may be installed at the side of the combustion chamber 1142 and emits flames to the combustion chamber 1142. When the waste is burned in the combustion chamber 1142, exhaust gas is produced. Heat from the exhaust gas can be used for electricity generation, which will be described in detail later.

FIG. 6 illustrates an arrangement of the system of the present invention in which heat from exhaust gas produced by combustion chamber 1142 is used for various additional uses. The combustion chamber shown in FIG. 6 includes a first stage combustion unit 1142a. The combustion unit 1142a uses the brown gas 1120 generated by the brown gas generation system 1113 as a fuel to burn the combustion material. Combustion materials may be waste, which may include household and industrial waste. Brown gas 1120 from Brown gas generation system 1113 is piped to combustion unit 1142a by piping network 1130 described above in FIG. 5. Pressure regulator 1134 controls and maintains a uniform outlet brown gas pressure suitable for combustion unit 1142a in piping network 1130. For example, the gas pressure may be about 11 inches of water column (ie, about 2738 Pa).

The inner wall of the combustion unit 1142a is lined with refractory to retain combustion heat in the combustion unit 1142a and protect the structure of the combustion unit 1142a. For example, the fire resistant material may comprise a hard, heat resistant material capable of operating in an acidic environment. Examples of fire resistant materials include, but are not limited to aluminum, silicon carbide, fire clay, bricks and silica. Compressed air jets are intermittently supplied to the combustion unit 1142a through holes in the side or base of the combustion unit 1142a. Compressed air serves to enhance turbulent mixing of the waste and air to be combusted in combustion unit 1142a. The intermittent jet of compressed air assists in preventing clogging of the holes that supply compressed air to the combustion unit 1142a. A grid (not shown) at the base of the combustion unit 1142a separates the dried solid waste from the ash. Bottom ash 1201 due to waste combustion in combustion unit 1142a is collected and discarded through a hopper (not shown) at the base of combustion unit 1142a.

Exhaust gas 1202 is produced as a result of waste combustion in combustion unit 1142a. Part of the exhaust gas 1202 is transported from combustion unit 1142a to water tube steam boiler 1204. Water is pumped to steam boiler 1204 by pump 1212. In the steam boiler 1204, the water circulates in the tube 1206 that is externally heated by the exhaust gas 1202, which is transported from the combustion unit 1142a to the steam boiler 1204. For example, the exhaust gas may be at 900 ° C. Since the water-filled tube 1206 included in the steam boiler 1204 is exposed to the hot exhaust gas 1202, the water temperature in the tube 1206 rises, and the hot water is steamed by the thermosyphon effect. Ascend to steam drum 1208 in boiler 1204. Further heating of the hot water in the steam drum 1208 by exhaust gas 1202 produces steam 1214. Steam 1214 is attracted to the top of steam drum 1208 and optionally further heated in a superheater (not shown) to produce superheated steam. Exhaust gas 1202 is then transported through channel 1228a to post-processing unit 1230 to be treated before being released as exhaust gas 1236 into the atmosphere. The post-processing unit 1230 will be described later in detail.

Steam 1214 or superheated steam is then used to drive steam turbine 1216. For example, the superheated steam may be at least 390 ° C. Steam turbine 1216 may be a one-stage or multistage steam turbine. Steam turbine 1216 is connected to generator 1220 to generate electricity by shaft 1218. Steam 1214 is transferred to steam turbine 1216 under high pressure of about 23 bar (2.3 × 10 ⁶ Pa). Steam turbine 1216 rotates, causing shaft 1218 to rotate as well. As a result of the rotation of the shaft 1218, the magnet included in the generator 1220 is also rotated. A wire is wound around the magnet. As the magnet inside the generator 1220 rotates, current is generated in the wire. The generator 1220 converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated by the generator 1220 may then be passed to a series of electrical devices to regulate the voltage and current to be used by the brown gas generating system 1113 to generate the brown gas 1120, or the source of electricity of the system ( 1104, which is delivered to an electrical grid installed in the system.

Steam 1214 or superheated steam passing through steam turbine 1216 is then channeled to heat exchanger 1222. Steam 1214 is cooled in heat exchanger 1222 and condensed into water. The condensed water is then pumped back into the tube 1206 of the steam boiler 1204 by the pump 1212 to absorb heat from the exhaust gas 1202 and produce steam 1214. Feed water flowing into the heat exchanger 1222 to cool the steam 1214 or superheated steam from the steam turbine 1216 is obtained from the water supply 1102 by the piping network 1224. Heat exchanger 1222 also cools excess superheated steam or excess steam 1214. Steam 1214 is considered excess when steam turbine 1216 has reached its maximum capacity and can no longer accept steam 1214 or superheated steam. When this occurs, excess steam 1214 or excess superheated steam is channeled through the bypass pipe 1226 to the heat exchanger 1222. As mentioned above, excess steam 1214 and excess superheated steam are cooled in heat exchanger 1222 and condensed with water. This water is then pumped back to the tube 1206 of the steam boiler 1204 by the pump 1212 to absorb heat from the exhaust gas 1202 to produce steam 1214.

Combustion chamber 1142 also includes a pretreatment unit 1242. In particular, pretreatment unit 1242 is for pretreating solid phase waste. Pretreatment unit 1242 includes a dryer to reduce the moisture content of the waste before it is sent to combustion unit 1142a for combustion. The waste is heated by the tube bundle 1243 provided in the dryer. Tube bundle 1243 has an exhaust gas 1202 that passes through a tube bundle that externally heats waste. In particular, the tubes of the tube bundle 1243 are highly conductive. Some exhaust gas 1202 from combustion unit 1142a is transported through tube 1229 to tube bundle 1243. Exhaust gas 1202 from steam boiler 1204 is also transported through tube 1228b to tube bundle 1243. Exhaust gas 1202 passing through tube bundle 1243 is then transported through channel 1244 to post-processing unit 1230 to be treated before being released as exhaust gas 1236 into the atmosphere. The post-processing unit 1230 will be described later in detail.

Exhaust gases 1202 from steam boiler 1204 and aftertreatment unit 1242 are transported to aftertreatment unit 1230 through channels 1228a and 1244, respectively. The aftertreatment unit 1230 includes a wet scrubber 1232 and a quench cooler 1234. Exhaust gas 1202 from steam boiler 1204 and pretreatment unit 1242 is cleaned in wet scrubber 1232. The wet scrubber 1232 may be a chemical wet scrubber. For example, the chemical used in the chemical wet scrubber may be an aqueous slurry formed of calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The wet scrubber 1232 may be an enclosure having a plurality of interconnected chambers. Each chamber may be formed with a perforated plate to slow the passage of exhaust gas 1202 through wet scrubber 1232. Wet scrubber 1232 treats exhaust gas 1202 to remove fly ash, dust, and particulates of sub-micron size and larger. Wet scrubber 1232 may have a series of high pressure, fluid jet nozzles. For example, the fluid can be an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The alkaline solution neutralizes the exhaust gas 1202, which may be acidic. The alkaline solution also washes off the large particulates and fly ash in the exhaust gas 1202.

After the exhaust gas 1202 passes through the wet scrubber 1232, the semi-treated exhaust gas 1202 is then cleaned in the quench 1234 for quenching. The quench 1234 is a series of high-volume solutions for quenching the exhaust gas 1202 to a temperature of about 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. before it is released as the exhaust gas 1234 to prevent dioxin and furan from reforming in the atmosphere. It has a water spray nozzle. Quenching also reduces the odor of the semi-treated exhaust gas 1202. The feed water to the quench cooler 1234 is obtained from the water source 1102. Water from the water source 1102 is pumped through the pipe network 1238 to the quench cooler 1234 by the pump 1239. The fluid comprising fly ash and large particulates collected at the base of the aftertreatment unit 1230 may pass through the filter system before being recycled back to the spray nozzle of the wet scrubber 1232 by the pump 1233. At regular intervals, fluid at the base of the aftertreatment unit 1230 may be released to the treatment unit 1240 for chemical treatment. The chemically treated fluid may be recycled back to the wet scrubber 1232 or discharged to the drainage system.

In some cases, the exhaust gas 1236 released from the quench cooler 1234 may be connected to an air filter system for further processing before being released to the atmosphere. Exhaust gas 1236 may also include saturated water vapor. Accordingly, an evaporator may be installed at the gas outlet of the quench cooler 1234 to remove saturated vapor in the exhaust gas 1236 to prevent the formation of smoke in the atmosphere. As a further option, the treated exhaust gas 1202 may also pass through a gas filtration system before being released to the atmosphere to remove submicron sized particulates.

A further arrangement of the system of the present invention in which heat from the exhaust gases produced by the combustion chamber 1142 is used for various additional uses is shown in FIG. 7. The system of FIG. 6 and the system of FIG. 7 are essentially identical except for the combustion chamber 1142. The combustion chamber 1142 shown in FIG. 7 includes a two stage combustion chamber. In particular, the combustion chamber 1142 of FIG. 7 includes a combustion unit 1142a and an reoxidation chamber 1302. Reoxidation chamber 1302 may be a thermal reoxidation chamber. Like the combustion unit 1142a, the reoxidation chamber 1302 also uses the brown gas 1120 generated by the brown gas generation system 1113 as fuel. Thus, the brown gas 1120 is piped from the brown gas generating system 1113 to the reoxidation chamber 1302 by the piping network 1130. Piping network 1130 may include a multivalve 1303 to split the flow of Brown gas 1120 into combustion unit 1142a and reoxidation chamber 1302. The piping network 1130 further includes a check valve 1304, a pressure regulator 1306, a control valve 1308, and a flame arrestor 1310. The pressure regulator 1306 controls and maintains a uniform Brown gas pressure in the piping network 1130.

The reoxidation chamber 1302 is equipped with a brown gas burner 1312. Brown gas burner 1312 is a standard industrial gas burner with gas ignition means, flame shape and pattern control means, and flame detection means. Brown gas burner 1312 operates with Brown gas 1120 and also has a motorized blower, a gas supply solenoid valve and a gas nozzle. Brown gas burner 1312 may be configured to produce a flame at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher in reoxidation chamber 1302. In particular, the reoxidation chamber 1302 is maintained at about 1000 ° C., which is the reduction reaction temperature of exhaust gas components such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ₂ ), and methane (CH ₄ ).

Once the incineration (burning) process begins, the burner units 1142a and the brown gas burners 1140 and 1312 of the reoxidation chamber 1302 are the furnace spaces in the combustion unit 1142a and the reoxidation chamber 1302, respectively. Ignite Brown gas 1120 to heat it. The flow rate and duration of ignition of the brown gas 1120 are controlled to achieve a predetermined temperature in the combustion unit 1142a. In general, when waste is present, the combustion unit 1142a can obtain a temperature of 1000 ° C or higher. During the incineration process, dry waste is constantly supplied to the combustion unit 1142a. In the steady state, if the waste is constantly supplied, the combustion unit 1142a may reach a temperature of 1200 ° C. or more. In the combustion process, exhaust gas rich in carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbon compounds and nitrogen oxides (NOx) is generated. The generated exhaust gas 1202 is transported to the reoxidation chamber 1302 for further processing. Reoxidation chamber 1302 may be elongated to allow a residence time of at least 2 seconds for complete combustion of exhaust gas 1202. Alternatively, the reoxidation chamber 1302 may be fabricated from two or more interconnected small furnaces of similar or different structure for more complete treatment of the exhaust gas 1202 by increasing the exposure time of the exhaust gas 1202 for treatment. Can be.

The reoxidation chamber 1302 has a reticulated-lattice block 1313 supported by a metal frame therein. The highly transparent perforated mesh-lattice block 1313 may be made of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloy or other nickel alloy. The reticulated-lattice block 1313 actively reacts with the brown gas flame produced by the brown gas burner 1312 to obtain a high temperature in the reoxidation chamber 1302. The cells of the mesh-lattice block 1313 may be any suitable shape, such as a square, triangle or polygonal shape. In particular, the reticulated-lattice block 1313 can be constructed in a entangled multilayer structure to maximize contact with the incoming exhaust gas 1202 and its exposure to the Brown gas flame produced by the Brown gas burner 1312. .

The orientation of the direction of the brown gas flame and exhaust gas flow produced by the brown gas burner 1312 relative to the mesh-lattice block 1313 is made to be orthogonal or parallel to each other. The reticulated-lattice block 1313 is arranged to be in line with the Brown gas flame produced by the Brown gas burner 1312. Exhaust gas 1202 from combustion unit 1142a is channeled to pass through reticulated-lattice block 1312. When directly exposed to the brown gas flame produced by the brown gas burner 1312, the reticulated-lattice block 1313 is taken up to obtain a temperature that can react with the incoming exhaust gas 1202. In this process, exhaust gas components, such as CO, H ₂ and other gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, are oxidized in less harmful forms to the environment such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), water and other less harmful gases. In particular, nitrogen-containing exhaust gas 1202 is reduced to elemental components of nitrogen and oxygen before oxygen further reacts with hydrogen in Brown gas 1120 to produce nitrogen and water vapor.

As described above in FIG. 6, a portion of the exhaust gas 1314 from the reoxidation chamber 1302 produces steam (or superheated steam) for driving the steam turbine 1216 and the generator 1202 to generate electricity. To the steam boiler 1204. A portion of the exhaust gas 1314 from the reoxidation chamber 1302 is also transported to the tube bundle 1242 through the channel 1315 to dry the waste in the pretreatment unit 1242.

Throughout the incineration process, the combustion unit 1142a and the reoxidation chamber 1302 are exhaust gases 1202 from the combustion unit 1142a and the reoxidation chamber 1302 to the steam boiler 1204 and the pretreatment unit 1242. A negative pressure is maintained to ensure that accurate ventilation is created for the flow. For example, the negative pressure may be about −50 Pa. The negative pressure in the combustion unit 1142a and the reoxidation chamber 1302 is at the exhaust gas discharge end of the combustion unit 1142a (in the case of the system shown in FIG. 6), at the exhaust gas discharge end of the reoxidation chamber 1302 ( 7) or through a suction fan installed at the discharge end of the aftertreatment unit 1230.

Figure 8 shows the overall assembly of one embodiment of the invention. In particular, FIG. 8 shows the treatment of the exhaust gas emitted from the exhaust gas emitter before the exhaust gas is emitted to the atmosphere. Exhaust gas 2103 from exhaust gas emitter 2102 is transported to first processing chamber 2104. Exhaust gas emitter 2102 may be any system that emits exhaust gas. For example, the exhaust gas emitter 2102 may be an incineration unit, a coal-fuel kiln, or the like. The exhaust gas 2103 may be rich in carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Exhaust gas 2103 typically has a temperature of about 300 ° C. or more. In the first processing chamber 2104, the exhaust gas 2103 is further heated. For example, the exhaust gas 2103 is further heated to about 800 ° C. in the first processing chamber 2104. The heated exhaust gas 2103 is then transported to the second processing chamber 2106 for further heating. For example, the exhaust gas 2103 may be heated to a temperature of about 1000 ° C. in the second processing chamber 2106. The heated exhaust gas 2103 from the second processing chamber 2106 is transported into the third processing chamber 2108 to be heated to a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher. In particular, the temperature in the third processing chamber 2108 is about 1600 ° C.

The exhaust gas 2103 is heated in the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 by combustion of the brown gas. Brown gas may be generated in a Brown gas generator, one type of which is described in US Pat. No. 4,081,656. Brown gas may be supplied directly from the brown gas storage tank 2110 to the processing chambers 2104, 2106, 2108 by a pipe network 2112. The brown gas storage tank 2110 may be provided with a relief valve 2111. A relief valve is a valve that is set to open at a certain pressure level so that pressure in the container or system does not reach an unsafe level. The pipe network 2112 may be provided with at least one check valve 2114. Tubing network 2112 may further include a multivalve 2116 to divide the flow of Brown gas into each processing chamber 2104, 2106, 2108. For example, the flow of brown gas is such that brown gas is supplied to the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 by the pipe network 2118, 2120, 2122, respectively. Can be divided. Each pipe network 2118, 2120, 2122 has at least one pressure regulator 2124, 2132, 2140, at least one control valve 2126, 2134, 2142 and at least one flame arrestor 2128, 2136, 2144. ) May be included. Pressure regulators are devices used to control and maintain a uniform outlet gas pressure over a pipe, and flame arresters are devices that prevent "backfire" of external flames through open safety caps. Pressure regulators 2124, 2132, and 2140 control and maintain a uniform outlet Brown gas pressure suitable for process chambers 2104, 2106, and 2108 in piping networks 118, 2120, and 2122, respectively. For example, the gas pressure may be about 11 inches of water column (ie, about 2738 Pa).

In particular, brown gas is supplied to the burners 2130, 2138, 2146 of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106 and the third processing chamber 2108, respectively. Burners 2130, 2138 and 2146 may be standard industrial gas burners equipped with gas ignition means, flame shape and pattern control means and flame detection means. Burners 2130, 2138 and 2146 operate with Brown gas and have a motorized blower, a gas supply solenoid valve and a gas nozzle. Burners 2130, 2138, and 2146 are configured to produce flame at temperatures of 1200 ° C. or higher. Burners 2130, 2138, and 2146 may be installed in the processing chambers 2104, 2106, and 2108 to emit flames, respectively.

Brown gas burners 2130, 2138, and 2146 generate flame at temperatures of about 800 ° C., 1000 ° C., and 1200 ° C. in the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108, respectively. It is configured to. In particular, the auto ignition temperature of the exhaust gas components, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H ₂ ), methane (CH ₄ ), lies between about 800 ° C. and 1600 ° C. When the desired temperature is achieved in the processing chambers 2104, 2106, 2108 by combustion of the exhaust gas 2103 and supplemental combustion of brown gas, the brown gas burners 2130, 2138, 2146 stop operation. When the temperatures of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 drop below 800 ° C., 1000 ° C. and 1200 ° C., respectively, the brown gas burners 2103, 2138, 2146 Start burning Brown gas. Once the treatment process has begun, the brown gas burners 2130, 2138, and 2146 start the brown gas to heat the furnace spaces in the first treatment chamber 2104, the second treatment chamber 2106 and the third treatment chamber 2108, respectively. Fires. The flow rate and duration of the Brown gas is controlled to achieve a preset temperature in each of the processing chambers 2104, 2106, 2108.

The first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 may be elongated structures to allow a residence time of at least two seconds for complete combustion of the exhaust gas 2103. Alternatively, each of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 may increase the exhaust gas 2103 by increasing the exposure time of the exhaust gas 2103 to treatment. It may be made of two or more interconnected small furnaces of similar or different structure for more complete processing. At least one of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 may be further provided with a reticulated-lattice block (not shown).

The mesh-lattice block may be supported on a metal frame in at least one first processing chamber 2104, second processing chamber 2106, and third processing chamber 2108. Highly permeable perforated mesh-lattice blocks can be made of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloys, nickel alloys or combinations thereof. The reticulated-lattice block is a brown gas produced by the brown gas burners 2130, 2138, 2146 to obtain high temperatures in the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106 and the third processing chamber 2108. Reacts actively with flames. The cells of the reticulated-lattice block can be of any suitable shape and size. For example, the shape of the cells of the mesh-lattice block may be square, triangular or polygonal. In particular, the reticulated-lattice block can be constructed in a entangled multilayer structure to maximize contact with incoming exhaust gas 2103 and its exposure to Brown gas flames produced by Brown gas burners 2130, 2138, 2146. have.

The orientation of the direction of the Brown gas flame and the exhaust gas flow produced by the Brown gas burners 2130, 2138, 2146 relative to the mesh-lattice block is made to be orthogonal or parallel to each other. The reticulated-lattice block is arranged in line with the Brown gas flames produced by the Brown Gas burners 2130, 2138, 2146. The exhaust gas 2103 from the exhaust gas emitter 2102, the first processing chamber 2104, or the second processing chamber 2106 may be the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, or the third processing chamber. Channel flow through each 2108. When directly exposed to the brown gas flames produced by the brown gas burners 2130, 2138, and 2146, the reticulated-lattice block will rise to obtain a temperature that can react with the incoming exhaust gas 2103. In this process, exhaust gas components, such as CO, H ₂ and other gaseous hydrocarbon compounds, are oxidized in less harmful forms to the environment such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), water and other less harmful gases. In particular, nitrogen-containing exhaust gas 2103 dissociates into elemental components before reacting with hydrogen in Brown gas to produce nitrogen.

A portion of the heated exhaust gas 2103 from each of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 may be transported to the aftertreatment unit. The aftertreatment unit may be a cleaning assembly 2176, which will be described in detail later. Alternatively, a portion of the heated exhaust gas from the processing chambers, especially the third processing chamber 2108, is transported to the water tube steam boiler 2148. Water is pumped to steam boiler 2148 by pump 2170. In steam boiler 2148, water circulates in tube 2150 that is externally heated by heated exhaust gas 2103 that is transported from third processing chamber 2108 to steam boiler 2148. As the water-filled tube 2150 contained in the steam boiler 2148 is exposed to the hot exhaust gas 2103, the water temperature in the tube 2150 rises to produce steam 2154, which in turn Ascend to steam drum 2152 in steam boiler 2148. Steam 2154 is drawn to the top of steam drum 2152 and optionally further heated in a superheater (not shown) to produce superheated steam. The exhaust gas 2103 is then transported to the aftertreatment unit to be treated before being released as exhaust gas 2194 in the atmosphere. The aftertreatment unit may be a cleaning assembly 2176, which will be described in detail later.

Steam 2154 or superheated steam is then used to drive steam turbine 2156. For example, the superheated steam can be at least 250 ° C. Steam turbine 2156 may be a one-stage or multistage steam turbine. Steam turbine 2156 is coupled to generator 2158 to generate electricity by shaft 2160. Steam 154 is conveyed to steam turbine 2156 under high pressure. Steam turbine 2156 rotates to cause shaft 2160 to rotate as well. As a result of the rotation of the shaft 2160, the magnet included in the generator 2158 is also rotated. A wire is wound around the magnet. As the magnet inside the generator 2158 rotates, a current is generated in the wire. Generator 2158 converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated by the generator 2158 is then delivered to the electrical grid 2168.

Steam 2154 or superheated steam passing through steam turbine 2156 is then channeled to heat exchanger 2166. Steam 2154 is cooled in heat exchanger 2166 and condensed into water. The condensed water is then pumped back into the tube 2150 of the steam boiler 2148 by the pump 2170 to absorb heat from the exhaust gas 2103 and produce steam 2154. Feed water flowing into the heat exchanger 2166 to cool the superheated steam from the steam turbine 2156 is obtained from the water supply 2172 by the piping network 2174. Heat exchanger 2166 also cools excess superheated steam or excess steam 2154. Steam 2154 is considered excess when steam turbine 2156 has reached its maximum capacity and can no longer accept steam 2154 or superheated steam. When this occurs, excess steam 2154 or excess superheated steam is channeled through the bypass pipe 2162 to the heat exchanger 2166. As mentioned above, excess steam 2154 and excess superheated steam are cooled in heat exchanger 2166 and condensed with water. This water is then pumped back to the tube 2150 of the steam boiler 2148 by the pump 2170 to absorb heat from the exhaust gas 2103 to produce steam 2154.

Exhaust gas 2103 from steam boiler 2148, first processing chamber 2104, second processing chamber 2106, and / or third processing chamber 2108 is transported to cleaning assembly 2176. The cleaning assembly 2176 includes a wet scrubber 2178 and a quench cooler 2188. Exhaust gas 103 from steam boiler 2148, first processing chamber 2104, second processing chamber 2106 and / or third processing chamber 2108 is cleaned in a wet scrubber 2178. The wet scrubber 2178 may be a chemical wet scrubber. The wet scrubber 2178 may be an enclosure having a plurality of interconnected chambers. Each chamber may be formed with a perforated plate to slow the passage of exhaust gas 2103 through wet scrubber 2178. The wet scrubber 2178 treats the exhaust gas 2103 to remove fly ash, dust, and particulates of sub-micron size and larger. Wet scrubber 2178 may have a series of high pressure, fluid jet nozzles 2180. For example, the fluid can be an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The alkaline solution neutralizes the exhaust gas 2103, which may be acidic. The alkaline solution also washes off the large particulates and fly ash in the exhaust gas 2103.

After the exhaust gas 2103 passes through the wet scrubber 2178, the semi-treated exhaust gas 2103 is then cleaned in the quench cooler 2188 for quenching. The quench 2188 is a series of high-volume solutions for quenching the exhaust gas 2103 to a temperature of about 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. before it is released as the exhaust gas 2194 to prevent dioxin and furan from reforming in the atmosphere. It has a water spray nozzle. Quenching also reduces the odor of the semi-treated exhaust gas 2103. The feed water to the quench cooler 2188 is obtained from the water source 2172. Water from the water source 2172 is pumped by the pump 2192 through the piping network 2196 to the quench cooler 2188. A fluid 2182 comprising fly ash and large particulates collected at the base of the cleaning assembly 2176 may pass through the filter system before being recycled back to the spray nozzle 2180 of the wet scrubber 2178 by the pump 2184. Can be. At regular intervals, the fluid 2182 at the base of the cleaning assembly 2176 may be discharged to the processing unit 2186 for chemical treatment. The chemically treated fluid can be recycled back to the wet scrubber 2178 or discharged to the drainage system.

In some cases, the exhaust gas 2194 emitted from the cleaning assembly 2176 may be connected to an air filter system for further processing before being released to the atmosphere. Exhaust gas 2194 may also include saturated water vapor. Accordingly, an evaporator may be installed at the gas outlet of the cleaning assembly 2176 to remove saturated vapor in the exhaust gas 2194 to prevent the formation of smoke in the atmosphere. As a further option, the treated exhaust gas 2103 may also pass through a gas filtration system before being released to the atmosphere to remove submicron sized particulates.

Throughout the processing process, the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106 and the third processing chamber 2108 are steam boilers 2148 and cleaning assemblies 2176 from the processing chambers 2104, 2106, 2108. Negative pressure is maintained to ensure that accurate ventilation is created for the exhaust gas 2103 flow into. For example, the negative pressure may be about −50 Pa. The negative pressure in the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108 may be reduced by the pressures of the first processing chamber 2104, the second processing chamber 2106, and the third processing chamber 2108. It can be achieved through a suction fan installed at the exhaust gas discharge end or at the discharge end of the cleaning assembly 2176.

Claims (88)

In a system for generating, storing and using brown gas, At least one Brown gas generator in communication with an electricity source and a water source; At least one first storage chamber in fluid communication with the generator for storing Brown gas generated from the generator; And Brown gas application means in communication with the at least one first storage chamber, The generator and the first storage chamber are installed near the Brown gas application means. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 1, Wherein said at least one first storage chamber contains a predetermined amount of liquefied hydrocarbon Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 2, The liquefied hydrocarbon is selected from the group comprising hexane, heptane, methanol and ethanol Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Said applying means comprises at least one first chamber for producing hot water, Heat for producing the hot water is derived from the combustion of the brown gas obtained from the at least one first storage chamber. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 4, wherein The at least one first chamber is characterized in that the boiler and burner unit Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to claim 4 or 5, The at least one first chamber is, A first inlet for receiving Brown gas from said at least one first storage chamber; A second inlet for receiving water; gas burner; And An outlet for discharging the produced hot water, Brown gas from the first inlet is combusted by a gas burner to heat water from the second inlet, and the heated water is discharged from the outlet Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 6, A second inlet for receiving water is connected to an outlet of at least one heat exchanger housed in at least one Brown gas generator Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to claim 6 or 7, Further comprising at least one flame arrester before said first inlet. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, The at least one first chamber comprises a reactive metal element Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 9, The reactive metal element is selected from the group consisting of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloy or high temperature nickel alloy Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 10, And at least one second storage chamber for storing hot water. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 11, The at least one second storage chamber is connected to an outlet of the at least one first chamber Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, The application means further comprises at least one second chamber for producing cold water. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 13, The at least one second chamber is an absorption chiller unit Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to claim 13 or 14, The at least one second chamber, A first inlet for receiving an absorbent; A second inlet for receiving a refrigerant; A third inlet for receiving cold water; A fourth inlet for accommodating hot water; A first heat exchanger; A second heat exchanger; A first outlet for discharging hot water; And A second outlet for discharging the produced cold water, The third inlet and the first outlet are connected to the first heat exchanger, and the fourth inlet and the second outlet are connected to the second heat exchanger. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 15, The absorbent is selected from the group containing lithium bromide (LiBr) and ammonia (NH ₃ ) Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to claim 15 or 16, The refrigerant is characterized in that the water Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, The fourth inlet is connected to at least one second storage chamber. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, And at least one third storage chamber for storing cold water. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, The application means further comprises at least one third chamber for burning waste. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 20, The at least one third chamber, A combustion unit for burning the waste by combustion of Brown gas; A first inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving waste; A second inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving Brown gas from at least one first storage chamber; And And an outlet connected to the combustion unit for discharging the exhaust gas produced in the combustion unit. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 21, Further comprising at least one flame arrester before said first inlet. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. The method of claim 21 or 22, And further comprising a heat exchanger connected to the outlet for discharging the exhaust gas. Brown's gas generation, storage and use system. In a boiler and burner unit for producing hot water, A first inlet for receiving feed water; A second inlet for receiving Brown gas from the Brown gas generator; And An outlet for discharging the hot water produced, Brown gas is characterized in that it is combusted to generate heat to heat the feed water to produce hot water Boiler and burner units. The method of claim 24, The outlet for discharging the produced hot water is connected to a storage tank for storing the produced hot water. Boiler and burner units. The method of claim 25, The first inlet is connected to an outlet of the first heat exchanger of the Brown gas generator, an outlet of at least one solar collector, and / or a storage tank for storing the produced hot water. Boiler and burner units. A system for recovering heat generated by combustion of a combustion material, At least one Brown gas generator in communication with an electricity source and a water source; At least one first storage chamber in fluid communication with the generator for storing Brown gas generated from the generator; At least one combustion chamber in communication with the at least one first storage chamber to combust a combustion material; And At least one heat-extraction chamber configured to receive heat produced by the combustion chamber from combustion of the combustion material, The generator and the first storage chamber are installed in the vicinity of the combustion chamber and the heat-extraction chamber. Heat recovery system. The method of claim 27, The at least one combustion chamber, A combustion unit for burning the combustion material by combustion of Brown gas; A first inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving a combustion material; A second inlet connected to said combustion unit for receiving Brown gas from at least one first storage chamber; And And an outlet connected to the combustion unit for exhausting the exhaust gas produced by the combustion unit. Heat recovery system. The method of claim 27 or 28, The combustion material is characterized in that the waste Heat recovery system. The method of claim 28 or 29, The at least one heat-extraction chamber is a boiler unit for producing steam, wherein the heat for producing steam is derived from exhaust gases produced by the combustion unit Heat recovery system. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, The at least one heat-extraction chamber is Water inlet; An exhaust gas inlet for receiving exhaust gas produced from the combustion unit; A first outlet for exhausting the produced steam; And A second outlet for exhausting exhaust gas, Water from the water inlet is heated by the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas inlet to produce steam, the steam is discharged from the first outlet and the exhaust gas is discharged from the second outlet Heat recovery system. The method of claim 31, wherein An exhaust gas inlet of the at least one heat-extraction chamber is connected to an outlet of the at least one combustion chamber Heat recovery system. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 32, And further comprising electricity generating means in communication with said at least one heat-extraction chamber. Heat recovery system. The method of claim 33, wherein The electricity generating means, At least one steam turbine configured to receive steam produced by the at least one heat-extraction chamber; At least one generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity; And Means for discharging electricity generated from the generator; Heat recovery system. The method of claim 34, wherein The at least one steam turbine is characterized in that the single-stage or multi-stage steam turbine Heat recovery system. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, The generated electricity is supplied to at least one Brown gas generator and / or the electrical grid Heat recovery system. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 36, And further comprising a heat exchanger in communication with the at least one steam turbine and the at least one heat-extraction chamber. Heat recovery system. The method of claim 37, wherein The heat exchanger, A steam inlet for receiving steam from the steam turbine; And A water outlet, The heat exchanger condenses the steam by cooling the steam received from the steam inlet to produce water, wherein the water is discharged from the water outlet Heat recovery system. The method of claim 38, The heat exchanger further comprises a second inlet configured to receive the steam produced by the at least one heat-extraction chamber when the steam turbine has reached its maximum capacity. Heat recovery system. The method of claim 38 or 39, The water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet of the at least one heat-extraction chamber Heat recovery system. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, The at least one heat-extraction chamber comprises a dryer for drying the combustion material before it is combusted in the combustion chamber Heat recovery system. 42. The method of claim 41 wherein Heat for drying the combustion material is derived from exhaust gases emitted from the combustion unit Heat recovery system. 43. The method of claim 41 or 42, The dried combustion material from the dryer is combusted in at least one combustion chamber Heat recovery system. In the method for recovering heat generated by the combustion of the combustion material, Combusting the combustion material in the at least one combustion chamber by combustion of the brown gas; And Receiving exhaust gas produced by the combustion chamber and recovering heat therein; Heat recovery method. The method of claim 44, Further comprising the step of producing steam in the boiler, Heat for producing steam is derived from exhaust gases produced by the combustion chamber Heat recovery method. The method of claim 45, Sending the produced steam to at least one steam turbine; And And providing a generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity. Heat recovery method. The method of claim 46, The generated electricity is supplied to at least one Brown gas generator and / or the electrical grid Heat recovery method. 48. The method of claim 46 or 47, The at least one steam turbine is characterized in that the single-stage or multi-stage steam turbine Heat recovery method. The method of claim 44, Drying the combustion material before it is combusted in the at least one combustion chamber, wherein heat for drying the combustion material is derived from exhaust gases produced by the combustion chamber. Heat recovery method. The method of claim 49, The dried combustion material is combusted in at least one combustion chamber Heat recovery method. An assembly for treating exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere, At least one processing chamber for receiving and heating exhaust gas; Means for combusting the brown gas to supply heat for heating the exhaust gas; And And a portion for discharging the heated exhaust gas Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 51 wherein Further comprising at least one member in at least one processing chamber, Exhaust gas heating near said at least one member achieves high exhaust gas heating efficiency Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 52, wherein Wherein said at least one member comprises a reticulated-lattice block, said reticulated-lattice block being received in said at least one processing chamber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 53 wherein The mesh-lattice block is made of platinum, steel, nickel-chromium alloy, aluminum-chromium alloy or a combination thereof Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51-54, The brown gas combustion means is characterized in that the brown gas burner Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51-55, The at least one processing chamber is heated to a temperature of at least 500 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 56, wherein Wherein said at least one processing chamber is heated to a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1600 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51-57, The assembly comprises three processing chambers, wherein the three processing chambers are arranged such that exhaust gases pass sequentially through each processing chamber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51-58, And further comprising a heat-extraction chamber configured to receive the heated exhaust gas. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 59, The heat-extraction chamber comprises a boiler unit for producing steam, wherein the heat for producing steam is derived from heated exhaust gas. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. 61. The method of claim 59 or 60, The heat-extraction chamber, Water inlet; Steam outlet; And An exhaust gas outlet, The heat-extraction chamber is arranged such that the exhaust gas can heat the water to produce steam. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51 to 61, And further comprising electricity generating means in communication with the heat-extraction chamber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. 63. The method of claim 62, The electricity generating means, At least one steam turbine configured to receive steam produced by the heat-extraction chamber; At least one generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity; And Means for discharging electricity generated from the generator; Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 63, wherein The at least one steam turbine is characterized in that the single-stage or multi-stage steam turbine Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 62 to 64, The generated electricity is supplied to the electrical grid Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 63 to 65, Further comprising a heat exchanger in communication with said at least one steam turbine and a heat-extraction chamber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 66, wherein The heat exchanger, A steam inlet for receiving steam from the steam turbine; And A water outlet, The heat exchanger can condense steam to produce water, which is discharged from the water outlet Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 67 wherein The heat exchanger further comprises a second inlet configured to receive the steam produced by the heat-extraction chamber when the steam turbine has reached its maximum capacity. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 67 or 68, The water outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet of the heat-extraction chamber Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of any one of claims 51-69, Further comprising a cleaning assembly, said cleaning assembly comprising exhaust gas cleaning means, The cleaning assembly is configured to receive exhaust gas from a portion for discharging the heated exhaust gas and / or from an exhaust gas outlet of the heat-extraction chamber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 70, The exhaust gas cleaning means is a scrubber, characterized in that Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 71 wherein The scrubber is selected from the group comprising wet scrubber, venturi scrubber, impingement scrubber and spray tower scrubber. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. 73. The method of any of claims 70-72. The cleaning assembly further comprises means for cooling the exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. The method of claim 73, wherein The exhaust gas cooling means is characterized in that the quenching machine Exhaust gas treatment assembly. 75. The method of claim 73 or 74, The exhaust gas cooling means cools the exhaust gas to a temperature below 300 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment assembly. A method for treating exhaust gas before it is released to the atmosphere, Providing exhaust gas to at least one processing chamber; Providing brown gas to the brown gas combustion means; And Heating the exhaust gas to a predetermined temperature by combustion of the brown gas. Exhaust gas treatment method. 77. The method of claim 76, Said heating step comprises heating the exhaust gas in the presence of at least one member to achieve higher heating efficiency. Exhaust gas treatment method. 78. The method of claim 76 or 77, The brown gas combustion means is characterized in that the brown gas burner Exhaust gas treatment method. 79. The method of any of claims 76-78, The predetermined temperature is characterized in that more than 700 ℃. Exhaust gas treatment method. 80. The method of any of claims 76-79, The exhaust gas is provided to three processing chambers, and the exhaust gas passes sequentially through each of the three processing chambers. Exhaust gas treatment method. 81. The method of claim 80, Providing exhaust gas to the first processing chamber; Heating the exhaust gas in the first processing chamber to a first predetermined temperature by combustion of Brown gas; Transporting the heated exhaust gas from the first processing chamber to the second processing chamber; Heating the exhaust gas in the second processing chamber to a second predetermined temperature by combustion of Brown gas; Transporting the heated exhaust gas from the second processing chamber to the third processing chamber; And Further comprising heating the exhaust gas in the third processing chamber to a third predetermined temperature by combustion of Brown gas. Exhaust gas treatment method. 82. The method of claim 81 wherein Wherein the first predetermined temperature is about 800 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment method. 83. The method of claim 81 or 82, The second predetermined temperature is about 1000 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment method. 84. The method of any of claims 81-83, The third predetermined temperature is characterized in that more than 1200 ℃ Exhaust gas treatment method. 85. The method of any of claims 76-84, Producing steam in the heat-extraction chamber, wherein heat for producing steam is derived from the heated exhaust gas. Exhaust gas treatment method. 86. The method of claim 85, Sending the produced steam to at least one steam turbine; And And providing a generator in communication with the at least one steam turbine to generate electricity. Exhaust gas treatment method. 87. The method of any one of claims 76 to 86, Cleaning the heated exhaust gas in exhaust gas cleaning means; And / or Further comprising cooling the heated exhaust gas in exhaust gas cooling means. Exhaust gas treatment method. 88. The method of claim 87 wherein The exhaust gas is cooled to a temperature below 300 ° C. Exhaust gas treatment method.

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