KR20090018970A - Heat exchanger assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing is disclosed. The assembly comprises an outer heat exchanger having an outer ring disposed outside the housing and having an interior surface in contact with an exterior surface of the wall; an inner support disposed inside the housing and having an exterior surface; and a plurality of inner heat fins connecting the exterior surface of the inner support to an interior surface of the wall of the housing.

Description

Heat Exchanger Assembly {HEAT EXCHANGER ASSEMBLY}

This application was filed on May 17, 2007 as an application for PCT International, a US-patented applicant, Andreas Piedler, a German citizen, and an applicant for designation of all countries except the United States, which is a Superconductor Technologies Inc. Priority is given to U.S. Patent Application No. 60 / 802,174 filed May 19, and US Patent Application No. 11 / 749,782 filed May 17, 2007.

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger. More particularly, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat between the interior and exterior of a housing through a portion of the housing wall.

Heat exchangers are generally used to conduct heat between two media without mixing between the media. In a typical environment where a heat exchanger is used, the first medium is separated from the second medium by the wall. The heat exchanger is attached to at least one wall and has a structure such as a heat dissipation fin that provides a sufficiently large surface to achieve a desired heat exchange rate with the surrounding medium.

As an example, in a stirling cycle machine, such as a stirling cryocooler or a stirling engine, the sealed housing contains a working gas that periodically compresses and expands in part. Heat generated by compression or other sources is transferred to the exterior of the housing and dissipates. The efficiency of the heat exchanger has a significant impact on the efficiency of the stirling cycle machine with respect to the carnot efficiency. There are various designs of heat exchangers for sterling cycle machines. For example, in certain cryocoolers for cooling superconductor filter circuits used in base stations of wireless telephone networks, the heat exchanger assembly for removing heat from the working gas includes an external heat exchanger. The external heat exchanger includes heat fins arranged to surround the circumferential portion of the cryocooler housing and protrude radially from the circumferential portion. The heat dissipation fins comprise one or more corrugated sheets of thermal conductor, such as a copper foil, and are attached to the housing by welding, brazing or the use of an adhesive. Internal heat exchangers are also commonly used to transfer heat from the working gas to the housing.

Cryocooler housings for this purpose generally consist of stainless steel, a poor thermal conductor compared to copper or aluminum. Thus, the housing walls are generally thinly constructed to minimize the radiation temperature gradient inside the walls (generally 1 mm or less in wall thickness), thus allowing for maximum heat conduction and optimized heat removal in the heat exchanger area. However, the reduced thickness of the housing wall results in relatively large thermal resistance or poor thermal conductivity in the circumferential direction. Large resistance to circumferential heat conduction is undesirable because heat needs to be properly conducted in the circumferential direction on the basis of the heat radiating structure in order for the heat exchanger to work properly.

US Pat. No. 6,446,336 (hereinafter referred to as '336 patent') discloses a heat exchanger for transferring heat across a housing wall. The heat exchanger has an outer ring disposed in contact with some outer surface of the housing and supporting outer heat dissipating fins that project radially outwardly. In addition, the heat exchanger further includes an inner ring disposed in contact with a portion of the inner surface of the housing wall and supporting the inner heat dissipation fins radially inwardly projecting. The disclosed heat exchanger has advantages over the prior art in heat transfer and structural features. However, in certain applications, it is desirable to have a hard internal heat sink fin, such as a mechanical heat sink fin. It is very difficult to manufacture such heat dissipation fins in an inwardly projecting structure as disclosed in the 336 patent. In addition, in some applications, a highly concentric inner passageway with other components of the stirling cycle machine, such as the housing and / or the compressor bore, defined by the ends of the internal heat dissipation fins It is desirable to have. For example, such precise alignment may be desirable to close tolerances between static and dynamic components, such as between the displacer and internal heat exchanger of the sterling cycle machine or between the compression piston and the compressor bore coaxial with the displacer. Is sometimes required. In the configuration disclosed in the 336 patent, it is difficult to achieve the desired precision of alignment.

For the above and other reasons, an improved heat exchanger assembly is needed.

The present application discloses an improved heat exchanger assembly. In one embodiment of the invention, an outer ring made of a thermal conductor such as copper or aluminum is disposed between the outer heat dissipation fin and the outer surface of the housing wall, thereby providing improved heat distribution from the housing wall to the outer heat dissipation fin. Can be. The inner support member is made of a thermal conductor such as copper or aluminum, disposed inside the housing wall, and supports the internal heat dissipation fins that abut the inner surface of the housing wall. At least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins. The inner support member provides structural backing that allows the inner heat dissipation fins to directly contact the housing wall by a variety of methods, including shrink-fitting. The inner heat dissipation fins may be press-fitted, shrink-fitted or glued to the housing wall and the outer ring may be press-fitted, shrink-fitted or glued to the housing wall.

In another embodiment of the invention, a component of a stirling cycle machine comprises a housing which forms an internal gas volume and comprises a wall suitable for sealing the working gas in the internal gas volume, wherein the working gas is intermittently compressed. And an internal working gas volume comprising an expanded compressed region; An outer ring disposed outside the housing and having an inner surface in contact with an outer surface of the wall; A plurality of outer heat dissipation fins protruding from the outer ring; An inner support member disposed inside the housing and having an outer surface; And a plurality of internal heat dissipation fins connecting the outer surface of the inner support member to the inner surface of the housing wall. At least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a heat exchanger assembly comprises: an outer ring disposed outside the housing and having an inner surface in contact with the outer surface of the wall; A plurality of outer heat dissipation fins protruding outward from the outer ring; And a plurality of internal heat dissipation fins protruding inward from the inner surface of the wall. At least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins. The internal heat dissipation fins may be attached to the inner surface of the housing wall by a method comprising brazing and soldering.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing, wherein the outer ring is positioned outside of the housing such that the inner surface of the outer ring is in contact with the outer surface of the wall. To cause; Positioning a plurality of external heat dissipation fins on the outer ring; Positioning an inner support member inside the housing; And connecting at least a portion of the housing wall between at least a portion of the inner radiation fins and at least a portion of the outer ring by connecting an inner surface of the wall and an outer surface of the inner support member using a plurality of inner radiation fins. Include. The inner heat dissipation fins may be shrink-fitted to the housing wall and the outer ring may be shrink-fitted to the housing wall.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

1 schematically illustrates a sterling cryocooler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger assembly of the sterling cryocooler shown in FIG. 1; FIG.

3 shows a portion of an external heat dissipation fin according to another embodiment of the present invention;

4 illustrates a portion of an external heat dissipation fin according to another embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a perspective view of an internal heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a cross-sectional view of the internal heat exchanger shown in FIG. 5;

7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a sterling cryocooler according to one embodiment of the present invention, showing a portion of the housing wall is sandwiched between an outer ring and an inner heat dissipation fin;

7B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a stirling cryocooler in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, showing a portion of the housing wall is sandwiched between a portion of the outer ring and a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins;

8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention;

9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by the methods illustrated in the drawings and are described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the description of specific embodiments herein is not intended to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, and conversely, all changes, equivalents, within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It is intended to include water and substitutes.

Various embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, like reference numerals refer to like parts and assemblies throughout the several views. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. In addition, the examples described in the detailed description are not intended to be limiting, but merely represent some possible embodiments of the appended claims. In particular, the embodiments described herein are described around a sterling cycle machine, such as a sterling cryocooler, but other embodiments are possible that are not limited to a sterling cycle machine.

Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, a heat exchanger assembly is used in a stir cycle machine, the stir cycle machine having a sealed cylindrical housing 120 having various diameters disposed along the longitudinal axis 150. Consists of a cryocooler 100 comprising a. The gas space inside the housing 120 is generally divided into a working space 124 and a bounce space 126 by sealing. The housing 120 includes a cold finger 110 that receives the displacer assembly 114 at one end. The cold finger 110 also includes a heat receiving unit 112 that transfers heat from the outside of the cooling heat exchanger or housing 120 to the working gas in the working space 124. The cryocooler housing 120 also houses a linear motor 170 and a piston 180 actuated by the motor in its internal volume to compress and expand a portion of the working gas in the compression region 160. Furthermore the cryocooler 100 further comprises a vacuum flange 130, which is also used to position the heat receiving unit 112 in the vacuum chamber. In addition, a warm heat exchanger assembly 200 is positioned in thermal contact with the compression zone to dissipate heat from the working gas to the exterior of the housing 120.

The general construction and operation of a sterling cycle machine, including a sterling cryocooler, is a well known technique. For example, a Stirling cryocooler with housing diameters of different diameters drawn from a piece of stainless steel is described in US Patent No. 10 / 729,719, filed Dec. 5, 2003, and issued Nov. 21, 2006, US Patent No. 7,137,259. Is disclosed in the call. The above-mentioned U.S. Patent 7,137,259 is hereby incorporated by reference.

Referring to FIG. 2, in this exemplary embodiment, the worm heat exchanger assembly 200 is disposed in contact with an outer heat dissipation fin 220 outside the housing wall 122 of the housing 120, the outer surface of the housing wall 120. And an outer ring 210 for supporting the outer heat dissipation fin 220. The assembly further includes an internal heat dissipation fin 230 inside the housing wall 122 of the housing 120. The assembly 200 further includes an inner support member 240 disposed in contact with the inner side of the heat dissipation fin 230. At least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring 210 and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fin 230. That is, at least a portion of the outer ring 210 and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fin 230 are located along the longitudinal axis 150 in the coaxial position range (L in the examples shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B).

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the inner support member 240 is integrated with the inner heat dissipation fin 230. That is, both the inner support member 240 and the inner heat dissipation fin 230 are made from a single starting piece. For example, the pin may be formed on the inner support member 240 by removing material from the starting piece by machining, water cutting, laser cutting, chemical etching, and other suitable techniques. In addition, the integrated structure of the inner heat dissipation fin 230 and the inner support member 240 may be formed by mold casting, powder metallurgy and other suitable techniques for manufacturing metal parts. Alternatively, the internal heat dissipation fins may be manufactured independently of the internal support member 240 and attached to the internal support member 240 by any suitable technique, including welding, brazing and soldering.

Internal heat dissipation fins 230 may be attached to housing wall 122 by a variety of suitable methods, including press-fitting, shrink-fitting, and bonding with conductive adhesive. In this exemplary embodiment, internal heat dissipation fins 230 are attached to the housing wall 122 by shrink-fitting. The rigidity required for the shrink-fitting process is provided by a structure in which the inner heat dissipation fin 230 and the inner support member 240 are coupled. In this case, the inner support member 240 and the inner heat dissipation fin 230 are made of aluminum having a larger coefficient of thermal expansion compared to the housing wall 122 made of stainless steel. Other suitable material combinations may also be used. For example, copper, alloys thereof, or other materials with great thermal conductivity can be used. Here, in the case of copper, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the inner fins is similar to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the housing wall, so that shrink-fitting may not be suitable, and other methods such as compression-fitting and joining may be used. And may be used to attach internal heat dissipation fins 230 to 122. In the process of attaching the inner heat dissipation fin 230 to the housing wall 122 by shrink-fitting, the assembly of the heat dissipation fin 230 and the inner support member 240 may be placed in the housing before being positioned inside the housing wall 122. It is located in a medium having a lower temperature than the wall 122, for example liquid nitrogen. Preheating, the assembly of heat dissipation fins 230 and the inner support member 122 is shrink-fitted to the housing wall 122. As an alternative, the housing wall 122 may be heated before sliding on the internal heat dissipation fin 230 and then cooled. Shrink-fitting attaches internal heat dissipation fins 230 to housing wall 122 without the need to use other joining techniques, such as welding, brazing, and soldering, causing non-uniform deformation of the joining components.

In certain applications, such as a sterling cycle machine with a displacer, an internal support member, as shown in FIG. 2, to receive a sliding member (eg, a displacer) moving through an opening defined by the inner surface 250 ( An inner surface 250 may be formed in 240. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the inner surface 250 is abraded or polished to have the same center as the housing 120 and / or other components, such as the compression bore of the sterling cycle machine, and a seal and / or bearing for the sliding member. It is smooth enough to run as a bearing side. For example, in one embodiment for a sterling cryocooler, the inner surface 250 is sized to receive the displacer, has the tolerances and smoothness necessary to form the displacer seal, and to implement the displacer gas bearing, It has a gas port for discharging the compressed gas within the inner surface 250 of the support member 240 and the displacer surface.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the outer ring 210 is disposed in contact between the housing wall 122 and the outer heat dissipation fin 220. In this exemplary embodiment of the invention, the outer ring 210 is a cylindrical annular ring surrounding the housing wall 122. In this exemplary embodiment, the outer ring 210 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity that is greater than the thermal conductivity of the materials that make up the housing wall 122. For example, the housing wall is usually made of stainless steel. In this case, copper, aluminum or their respective alloys or other materials with great thermal conductivity can be used as the outer ring.

As mentioned above, low heat flow resistance in the circumferential direction is important for proper performance of the heat exchanger, and the prior art uses both outer and inner rings to address this problem. In this regard, exemplary embodiments of the present invention reduce the required components and simplify the manufacturing process by employing a single outer ring 210 that performs the same function as the two rings used in the prior art.

The outer ring 210 can be attached to the housing wall 122 by a variety of methods. For example, an adhesive with good heat conducting properties, such as a heat-conducting adhesive having metal pieces embedded in a resin, can be used to bond the outer ring 210 to the housing wall 122. The outer ring 210 may be connected to the housing wall 122 in a manner similar to compression-fitting, shrink-fitting, or shrink-fitting the aforementioned inner heat dissipation fins inside the housing. For example, the aluminum outer ring 210 may be heated before sliding on a portion of the stainless steel housing 120 and then cooled to shrink-fit the housing 120. In another embodiment of the invention, a sealant is applied between the outer ring 210 and the housing wall 122 prior to shrink-fitting to seal any gaps between the outer ring 210 and the housing wall 122. This is useful in applications where the outer ring is used or connected as part of a flange for a gas-tight chamber (eg, a vacuum flange in a stirling cryocooler). Various sealants that are well known in the art can be used to apply to a particular application.

In addition, the outer ring 210 is used not only to conduct heat out of the housing wall 122, but also to improve the structural integrity of the very thin housing wall 122, as described above. In the field of sterling coolers, the interior of the housing 120 is generally pressurized. Thus, in general for sterling cooler applications, it is more effective and particularly desirable to reinforce the housing wall 122 from the outside.

The outer heat dissipation fins 220 may be attached to the outer ring 210 in a variety of ways, including welding, brazing, and bonding using adhesive. Instead of attaching the outer heat dissipation fin 220 to the outer ring 210, in a similar manner as described above for the inner heat dissipation fin 230, the outer heat dissipation fin 220 is a starting piece of the same material as the outer ring 210. It can be prepared from.

As an alternative to the above described structure, the heat dissipation fins 220, 230 may be constructed from one or more corrugated metal sheets, such as copper. They can be shaped in various ways as needed to suit a particular design. For example, referring further to FIG. 3, the external heat dissipation fin 220 includes fins 322 composed of one or more corrugated thin sheets of copper, but may be of other thermal conductors and other forms suitable for a particular application. . For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat dissipation fins 422 of the external heat dissipation fins 420 may be constructed from each copper foil.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the internal heat exchanger 500 includes an internal heat dissipation fin 530 and an internal support member similar to the internal heat exchanger of the above-described exemplary embodiments. 540). Further, the annular ring portion 590 is connected to the inner heat dissipation fin 530 and the inner support member 540. The annular ring portion 590 of this embodiment is in a radially identical space with the heat dissipation fins 530 on the outside and in fluid communication with the inner heat dissipation fins 530 through the channel 532 on the inside. 592). The annular ring portion 590 and the housing wall 122 are the longitudinal axes of the heat exchangers 500 aligned along the longitudinal axis 150 of the housing 120 when the internal heat exchangers 500 are installed in the housing 120. Along 550, a seal is formed between the working space and the bounce space.

In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 500, the annular ring portion 590, the internal heat dissipation fins 530 and the inner support member 540 are in part along the length of the cylindrical material the channels 532 (in the material ( That is, the space between the internal heat dissipation fins 530) is scraped off and manufactured integrally. Non-integral configurations of annular ring portion 590, internal heat dissipation fins 530, and internal support member 540 may also be used.

As in the particular embodiment described above, the internal heat exchanger 500 may be press-fitted, shrink-fitted or otherwise, with both the inner fin 530 and the annular ring portion 590 in contact with the housing wall 122. It may be attached to the housing 120 by coupling methods. In an example where the annular ring portion 590, the internal heat dissipation fins 530, and the internal support member 540 are integral, the entire heat exchanger 500 may be attached to the housing 120 as a whole. When a non-integral configuration of the annular ring portion 590, the inner heat dissipation fin 530 and the inner support member 540 is used, the annular ring portion 590 and the inner heat dissipation fin 530 are press-fitted. , Shrink-fitting, or other coupling means may be attached to the housing 120. The inner support member 540 may be press-fitted, shrink-fitted, or coupled to the interior of the internal heat dissipation fin 530. Furthermore, sealant may be applied to remove any gap between annular ring portion 590 and housing wall 122, such as outer ring 210, to ensure sealing of the gas structure.

In another embodiment of the present invention, while the inner heat dissipation fin 530 is entirely supported by the annular ring portion 590, the inner support member 540 is omitted.

Another alternative embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated in FIG. 8. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger assembly 800 includes a similar one to that shown in FIG. 2 except for the external heat dissipation fins. In this exemplary embodiment the heat exchanger assembly 800 includes an outer ring 810 disposed in contact with an outer surface of the housing wall 122. The assembly 800 further includes an internal heat dissipation fin 830 inside the housing wall 122. The assembly 800 further includes an inner support member 840 disposed in contact with an inner side of the inner heat dissipation fin 830.

Optionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may further include additional heat transfer structures, or facilities for attaching additional heat transfer structures, to transfer heat to or from the outer ring 810. Can be.

Such structures and facilities, symbolically indicated by reference numeral 850 in FIG. 8, may be attached to a tubing attached to the surface of the outer ring 810, or within the outer ring 810, to transport heat transfer fluids such as water. The channels may be formed. The structures and facilities may also include a heat sink, such as a volume of material with a large thermal mass. In another example, grooves, protrusions or other structures are included on the outer ring 810 to secure the heat transfer structure.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shown schematically in FIG. 9, the heat exchanger assembly 900 is disposed in contact with the inner heat dissipation fin 930 inside the housing wall 122 and the inner heat dissipation fin 930. And an inner support member 940. Unlike other specific exemplary embodiments, the heat exchanger assembly 900 in this case lacks a ring shaped outer heat exchanger portion. Instead, heat exchanger assembly 900 includes other external heat transfer structures, or fixtures for attaching external heat transfer structures, to transfer heat to or from housing wall 122. Such structures and fixtures, symbolically indicated at 950 in FIG. 9, may include tubing attached to an outer surface of the housing wall 122. The structures and facilities may also include a heat sink, such as a material volume, having a large thermal mass. The material volume may further include a channel 952 for transporting heat transfer fluid, such as water, other fluids or gases. In another example, grooves, protrusions or other structures are included on the housing wall 122 to secure the heat transfer structure.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention have several advantages over conventional devices and methods. Among the advantages are the ease of manufacture of the inner heat dissipation fins projecting outward from the inner support member, the compatibility with the shrink-fitting process for contacting the inner heat dissipation fins with the housing, and the sliding member movably disposed through the inner surface; Together, there is compatibility with the precise alignment of the inner surface of the inner support member to form a gas bearing or seal, or both.

All patents and publications mentioned above are hereby incorporated by reference. The present invention may be modified or practiced in different but equivalent ways to those skilled in the art having the advantages taught herein, so that the specific embodiments disclosed above are exemplary only. Except as set forth in the claims below, the description of the configuration or design shown herein is not limiting. Accordingly, it is apparent that the specific embodiments disclosed above may be changed or modified, and all modifications are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention to be protected is set by the following claims.

Claims (42)

A heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing, An external heat exchanger having an inner surface in contact with an outer surface of the wall, the outer heat exchanger including an outer ring disposed outside the housing; An inner support member disposed inside the housing and having an outer surface; And A plurality of inner heat dissipation fins connecting the outer surface of the inner support member to the inner surface of the housing wall, wherein at least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins. A heat exchanger assembly. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 1, wherein the internal heat dissipation fins are integrated with the internal support member. 3. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 2, wherein the outer ring is shrink-fitted on the housing and the inner support member and the inner heat dissipation fin are shrink-fitted in the housing. 4. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 3, wherein the outer ring, inner support member, and inner heat dissipation fin are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than the wall. 5. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 4, wherein the outer ring, inner support member, and inner heat dissipation fin are made of aluminum. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer heat exchanger further comprises a plurality of outer heat dissipation fins protruding outwardly from the outer ring. 7. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 6, wherein the external heat dissipation fins are welded, soldered or bonded to a heat-conductive adhesive on the outer ring. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 1, wherein said inner support member further comprises an inner surface. 10. A column according to claim 8, wherein the inner surface of the inner support member is suitable for forming a gas bearing or a seal or both together with a sliding member movably disposed through the inner surface of the inner support member. Exchanger assembly. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a solid annular ring portion connected to the inner support member or the inner heat dissipation fin, wherein the annular ring portion, when installed in the housing, And a heat exchanger assembly having an outer surface configured to contact the inner surface. 11. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 10, wherein the annular ring portion is integrated with the inner support member or the inner heat dissipation fins, or both. 12. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 11, further comprising a sealant on an outer surface of the annular ring portion. A housing comprising a wall defining an interior volume comprising a compression region in which the working gas is intermittently compressed and expanded, the housing adapted to seal the working gas within the interior volume; An external heat exchanger having an inner surface in contact with an outer surface of the wall, the outer heat exchanger including an outer ring disposed outside the housing; A plurality of external heat dissipation fins connected to the outer ring; An inner support member disposed inside the housing and having an outer surface; And A plurality of internal heat dissipation fins connecting an outer surface of the inner support member to an inner surface of the housing wall, wherein at least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins. Characterized by a sterling cycle machine. 14. The component of claim 13, wherein the internal heat dissipation fins are integrated with the internal support member. 15. The component of claim 14, wherein the outer ring is shrink-fitted on the housing and the inner support member and the inner heat dissipation pin are shrink-fitted in the housing. 16. A component of a stirling cycle machine according to claim 15, wherein the outer ring, the inner support member and the inner heat dissipation fin are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than the wall. 16. The component of claim 15, further comprising a sealant between the outer ring and the housing. 17. The sterling as recited in claim 16, wherein said outer ring, inner support member, or inner heat dissipation fin is made of aluminum and said housing wall is made of stainless steel at least partially in contact with said outer ring and said plurality of inner heat dissipation fins. Components of the cycle machine. 14. The component of claim 13, wherein the inner support member comprises an inner surface. 20. The stirling according to claim 19, wherein an inner surface of the inner support member is suitable for forming a gas bearing or a seal or both together with a sliding member movably disposed through the inner surface of the inner support member. Components of the cycle machine. A heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing, An outer ring disposed outside the housing and having an inner surface in contact with an outer surface of the wall; A plurality of outer heat dissipation fins protruding outward of the outer ring; And And a plurality of internal heat dissipation fins extending inwardly from an inner surface of the wall, wherein at least a portion of the housing wall is fitted between at least a portion of the outer ring and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fins. 22. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 21, wherein the internal heat dissipation fins are brazed or soldered to the inner surface of the wall or bonded with a heat-conductive adhesive. 22. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 21, wherein the internal heat dissipation fins are shrink-fit to the housing. 22. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 21, wherein the outer heat dissipation fins are shrink-fitted to the outer ring. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising a high strength annular ring portion connected to the inner pin, the annular ring portion having an outer surface configured to contact an inner surface of the housing wall when installed in the housing. Heat exchanger assembly, characterized in that. 26. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 25, wherein the annular ring portion is integrated with the internal heat dissipation fins. A method of making a heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing, the method comprising: Positioning an outer heat exchanger comprising an outer ring on an outer side of the housing such that an inner surface of the outer ring contacts an outer surface of the wall; Positioning a plurality of external heat dissipation fins on the outer ring; Positioning an inner support member inside the housing; And Connecting at least a portion of the housing wall between at least a portion of the inner radiation fins and at least a portion of the outer ring by using a plurality of inner radiation fins to connect the inner surface of the wall and the outer surface of the inner support member. Characterized in that. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising constructing the inner support member and the plurality of inner heat dissipation fins from the same piece of material. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein constructing from the same material comprises forming an integral body that includes the inner support member and the inner heat dissipation fins by removing material from the piece. How to. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said removing comprises machining. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising forming an opening through the inner support member. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein positioning the outer ring comprises: shrink-fitting the outer ring on the housing; Connecting the inner surface of the wall and the outer surface of the inner support member using the inner heat dissipation fins; And shrink-fitting the inner heat dissipation fin and the inner support member against an inner side of the housing wall. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein shrinking-fitting the outer ring on the housing comprises: heating the outer ring to a temperature higher than the housing, and comparing the inner heat dissipation fin and inner support member to the housing. Cooling to a lower temperature. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising shrink-fitting a plurality of outer heat dissipation fins to the outer ring. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising applying a sealant between the outer ring and the housing wall. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer heat exchanger further comprises a heat-transfer structure in thermal contact with the outer ring and suitable for transferring heat to or from the outer ring. 37. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 36, wherein the heat-transfer structure comprises tubing or channels suitable for transporting heat transfer fluid. 2. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer ring includes a structure suitable for attaching a heat-transfer structure to the outer ring. A heat exchanger assembly for transferring heat across a wall of a housing, An inner support member disposed inside the housing and having an outer surface; And And a plurality of internal heat dissipation fins connecting the outer surface of the inner support member to the inner surface of the housing wall. 40. The apparatus of claim 39, further comprising an outer heat transfer structure in thermal contact with an outer surface of the housing wall, wherein at least a portion of the housing wall is sandwiched between at least a portion of the outer heat transfer structure and at least a portion of the inner heat dissipation fin. Heat exchanger assembly characterized in that it loses. 41. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 40, wherein the heat transfer structure includes tubing or channels suitable for transporting heat-transfer fluid. 40. The heat exchanger assembly of claim 39, further comprising a structure suitable for attaching a heat transfer structure to the housing wall.

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