KR20080110592A - Linear acceleration generator - Google Patents

Abstract

It is possible to stably generate electricity with a small energy input and a high efficiency according to a new clean concept not causing exhaustion of a resource. A generator includes an electron supply body (20) holding free electrons, an electron emission port (30) arranged on the electron supply body (20) in an electrically connected state, an electron acceleration electrode (40) arranged in an electrically isolated state from the electron emission port (30) for linearly accelerating the electrons ''e'' in the electron emission port (30) to the electron emission direction, and an electron reception body (50) arranged to oppose to the electron emission port (30) via an electrically isolated space F for receiving the electron ''e'' emitted from the electron emission port (30). By applying positive voltage to the electron acceleration electrode (40), the electrons in the electron emission port (30) are linearly accelerated so as to be emitted as ballistic electrons to the electrically isolated space F and the emitted electrons are received and collected by the electron reception body (50). ® KIPO & WIPO 2009

Description

Linear acceleration generator

The present invention relates to a linear acceleration generator, and more particularly, to a generator using a linear accelerated electron is emitted into the space as a material.

As power generation as a method of obtaining electric energy, power generation using natural energy such as solar power generation and tidal power generation, in addition to hydroelectric power generation and wind power generation, which have been performed in the past, is known. In addition, thermal power generation using fossil fuels and nuclear power generation using nuclear power are known.

In the power generation using the fossil fuel, there is a problem that the fossil fuel as a raw material is depleted because it is finite and unable to meet the needs of society.

In addition, in power generation using natural energy such as solar light or wind power, the supply of solar light or wind power, which is the natural energy used, depends on natural conditions, and thus there is a drawback that power generation is not necessarily performed when power is required. .

In addition, in the case of nuclear power generation, there are problems of safety and facilities.

On the other hand, the present inventor has provided a power generation method by receiving sunlight into a material to convert it into thermal energy, thereby releasing hot electrons into a heated material, and converting thermal energy into electrical energy using the thermal electron emission. Documents 1 to 4).

Moreover, the following patent document 5 is also provided as an apparatus which converts thermal energy into electrical energy.

On the other hand, Patent Literature 6 provides a device using an electric field emission to emit electrons by applying an electric field.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3449623

Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-189646

Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-250285

Patent Document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-140288

Patent Document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-258326

Patent Document 6: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-510307

(Tasks to be solved by the invention)

By the way, all the inventions of the said patent documents 1-4 use the method of giving heat energy to an object, thereby releasing hot electrons in a heated object, collect | recovering the emitted electrons, and generate electricity. That is, it is a power generation device that gives heat energy from the outside and converts it into electric energy, and in order to obtain a large electric energy, a considerable amount of heat energy is required.

Moreover, the invention of the said patent document 5 discloses the element and apparatus which used the field emission. However, it is a conversion device between electric energy and heat energy to the last. As for power generation, it is to stay in power generation using hot electron emission by heating.

In addition, the invention of Patent Document 6 discloses a field electron emission material and a field electron emission device. However, what is shown in the field electron-emitting device is that the field-emission of electrons is a device using all the emitted electrons, such as a discharge device, an electron gun, and a display, and there is no technical idea that it is used for power generation.

Therefore, the present invention is based on a new concept that is completely different from the conventional power generation method, and it is possible to obtain a low input energy and a sufficiently efficient power generation, and to achieve stable power generation without the risk of being clean and exhausted. It is a task to provide a generator.

(Means to solve the task)

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted various experiments and examinations, and as a result, the present invention linearly accelerates electrons in a material by an electric field and emits linearly accelerated ballistic electrons from an object into space. By using the emission, the present invention has been completed with the understanding that a new power generation method that does not involve energy conversion, which is completely different from the existing power generation method that involves energy conversion such as thermal electron emission, enables efficient power generation.

However, when electrons exist in the electric field, the electrons are accelerated. When an electron is accelerated in one direction, the accelerator is called a linear accelerator.

As a material having a quasi one-dimensional shape, for example, there is a carbon nanotube (carbon nanotube). One of the characteristics of this carbon nanotube (CNT) is its aspect ratio. That is, the length is very long compared with the diameter of CNT. For example, the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SNCCNT) is around 1 nm and is close to the level of the Fermi wavelength. For this reason, carbon nanotubes can function as a material having a quasi-one-dimensional shape which can move electrons substantially in one-dimensional direction. The electrons accelerated in the quasi one-dimensional material in the one-dimensional direction become ballistic electrons.

In particular, when electrons in a single layer of carbon nanotubes are accelerated by an electric field, ballistic electron transfer is carried out in a scattered state. That is, by using a quasi one-dimensional conductor such as carbon nanotubes, the electrons can be linearly accelerated as ballistic electrons and released into the space from the end point of the quasi one-dimensional conductor.

Although carbon nanotubes are metallic and semiconducting, linear acceleration of electrons can be efficiently performed by using metallic ones.

The electrons emitted into the space from the tip of the carbon nanotube, which is a quasi-dimensional conductor, fly out of the space unless an obstacle exists. If a conductor exists above the trajectory of the emitted ballistic electrons, the electrons impinge on and are absorbed by the conductor. The conductive material that receives and absorbs the emergency ballistic electron is called an electron acceptor (collector).

When the electrons are absorbed by the electron acceptor, the electron acceptor is negatively charged. In other words, the electron acceptor repeatedly subjected to the collision of ballistic electrons becomes a negative potential. Therefore, when the electron acceptor is held insulated from the guitar, its negative potential increases in turn.

As the electrons are absorbed by the electron acceptor, the negative potential increases in turn. Finally, the electrons approaching the electron acceptor are operated by a large reverse electric field and cannot reach the electron acceptor. The critical potential at this time becomes the electromotive force of the linear acceleration generator.

In the case where electrons are released with sufficient linear acceleration, the electromotive force of electricity can easily be tens to hundreds of volts.

By transmitting (transmitting) the electrons trapped by the electron acceptor to the outside, the electric power can be taken out and used.

In a linear acceleration generator, an electric field for linearly accelerating electrons in a quasi one-dimensional conductor is given using an electron acceleration electrode. When the electron accelerating electrode is disposed insulated from the quasi one-dimensional conductor in an electrically insulated state, the electrons in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor do not reach the electron acceleration electrode, and are linear in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor. Accelerated and then released into the electrically insulating space at the tip of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor. The electrons cannot reach the electron acceleration electrode. That is, the emitted electrons cannot be absorbed under the electrostatic charge of the electron acceleration electrode, and no charge consumption (energy loss) of the electron acceleration electrode occurs in theory.

As described above, in the present invention, the free electrons of the quasi one-dimensional conductor are linearly accelerated to be emitted from the tip as ballistic electrons, and the collected electrons are collected and accumulated in an electron acceptor other than the electron acceleration electrode. It is completing development. At this time, the consumption of the electrostatic charge applied to the electron acceleration electrode, that is, the consumption of electrical energy can be pressed to a minimum.

The linear acceleration power generation device of the present invention includes an electron supply body made of a material holding free electrons, an electron emission port provided in an electrically conductive state with respect to the electron supply body, and an electron emission port in an electrically insulated state, 1 to a plurality of electron acceleration electrodes for linearly accelerating electrons in the electron emission direction, and the electron emission ports are disposed to face each other through an electrically insulating space and at the same time an electron acceptor for receiving electrons emitted from the electron emission ports. And adding a positive voltage to the electron acceleration electrode to linearly accelerate the electrons in the electron emission port and release the electrons from the electron emission port into the electrically insulating space as ballistic electrons and receive the electrons emitted from the electron acceptor. This is a first feature.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generator of the present invention has a second feature in which the electron emission port is formed by arranging one to a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors on the surface of the electron supply body in addition to the first feature.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generator of the present invention has the third feature that the quasi-one-dimensional conductor is a carbon nanotube in addition to the second feature.

In addition, in the linear acceleration power generation apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the second or third feature, the electron acceleration electrode is made of a quasi two-dimensional conductor, and the electron emission port is provided with a quasi one-dimensional conductor standing up. The fourth feature is to arrange the electrical insulation around the port.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generation device of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, provides a receiver position distributing means for dispersing the orbit of electrons directed to the electron acceptor to prevent concentration of the acceptor position on the electron acceptor. It is set as 5th characteristic.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generator of the present invention, in addition to the first feature, the electron acceptor is provided with a plurality of electron insulated from each other, and the electron sharing to divide the electrons emitted from the electron emission port into the plurality of electron acceptors The sixth feature is to provide a means.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generation device of the present invention has a seventh feature in that in addition to the first feature, a secondary emission preventing means is provided for preventing secondary emission of electrons that have reached the electron acceptor.

In addition, the linear acceleration power generator of the present invention has an eighth feature in which the electron acceptor and the electron supply body are electrically connected to mix an electrical load in addition to the first feature.

(Effects of the Invention)

According to the linear acceleration power generation device according to claim 1, a positive voltage is added to the electron acceleration electrode, and the electrons in the electron emission port are linearly accelerated in the electron emission direction by the Coulomb force by the electron acceleration electrode, thereby becoming a ballistic electron. The kinetic energy of the electrons rises. As a result, when the energy of electrons exceeds the energy barrier on the surface of the electron emission port, the electrons are emitted from the electron emission port to the electrically insulating space. As conditions at this time, it is important to consider the shape of the material and the port so that the energy barrier at the electron emission port becomes as low as possible. In addition, in order to increase the acceleration of electrons by the electron acceleration electrode to the speed necessary for electron emission, and to suppress the positive voltage added to the electron acceleration electrode to be low, the electron acceleration electrode may be surrounded by the electron emission port as much as possible. It is important to get close to

Electrons emitted from the electron emission port fly through the electric insulation space toward the electron acceptor, collide with the electron acceptor, and are received. The electrons emitted by this are collected in the electron acceptor, and the number of electrons in the electron acceptor increases. In other words, the power generation state.

It is preferable that the state of the electron acceptor be in an electrically neutral to negative state in order to prevent the bond between the electron and the atomic nucleus and to perform efficient power generation. On the other hand, however, as the negative charge of the electron acceptor increases, the repulsive force increases, making it difficult to accept electrons. In order to solve this problem, increasing the linear acceleration of the electrons to increase the kinetic energy, or moving the negative charges of the electron acceptor to a different position from the surface of the electron acceptor to keep the negative charges on the surface small, etc. It becomes important.

As long as the electrostatic accelerating electron acceleration electrode added to the electron acceleration electrode is in an electrically insulated state with the electron emission port and the emitted electrons do not reach the electron acceleration electrode, they are not consumed in theory, so that the required energy (input power It is possible to sufficiently suppress the consumption of.

According to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus of the present invention as described in claim 1, by using the emission phenomenon to the insulating space by the linear acceleration of the electron, while reducing the consumption of energy required for linear acceleration of the electron to the electrical insulation space It is possible to collect the emitted electrons in the electron acceptor and to efficiently generate electricity.

Further, according to the linear acceleration generator of the invention according to claim 1, the conventional generation of adding a thermal energy and releasing the hot electrons to the power generation by the thermal energy, that is, the conventional power generation of converting the thermal energy into electrical energy In comparison with this, a good development of energy efficiency is possible.

In addition, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to the invention of claim 1, it is possible to obtain power generation that is not unstable in the case of using natural energy such as solar light, but in which operation control is easy and stable power can be obtained.

Further, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the configuration described in claim 1, the electron emission port is formed by arranging one to a plurality of quasi one-dimensional conductors on the surface of the electron supply body. .

As a quasi one-dimensional conductor, it refers to an action substantially the same as that of a one-dimensional conductor with respect to the emission of electrons, that is, a conductor having a very thin and long shape, and that the electron is moved (accelerated) in the one-dimensional direction. .

In the case of the quasi one-dimensional conductor, the electron acceleration electrode is acted on, and the electrons are substantially moved and accelerated only in the one-dimensional direction and are emitted from the tip. Emission of electrons is facilitated by matching the longer direction of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor with the electron-emitting direction. In addition, it is thought that the use of the quasi one-dimensional conductor lowers the energy barrier to the emission of electrons at its tip.

The quasi one-dimensional conductors may be provided on the surface of the electron supply body to serve as electron emission ports. By arranging and constructing a plurality of free electrons, free electrons in the electron supply are emitted from each tip through a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors, so that a large number of electrons can be efficiently linearly accelerated and emitted as a whole.

In addition, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 3, in addition to the effect by the configuration according to the second aspect, the quasi one-dimensional conductor is carbon nanotubes, so that the (free) mobility of the electrons can be sufficiently improved. Can be. In addition, by providing the carbon nanotubes upright in the electron emission port so that their longer directions coincide with the electron emission direction, efficient electron emission can be achieved. The carbon nanotubes can be prepared by inserting them vertically on the surface of the electron supply body. Of course, carbon nanotubes use metallic objects. In addition, the carbon nanotube uses an open carbon manotube so that electron emission from the tip can be performed more efficiently.

Further, according to the linear acceleration power generation device according to claim 4, in addition to the effect of the configuration according to claim 2 or 3, the electron acceleration electrode is made of a quasi two-dimensional conductor, electron emission is formed by standing up a quasi one-dimensional conductor With respect to the port, it is arranged in an electrically insulated state around the side of the electron-emitting port. The electron acceleration electrode is disposed in an electrically insulated state with respect to the electron emission port, and in theory, the consumption of the electrostatic charge added to the electron acceleration electrode does not occur.

In addition, by using the electron accelerating electrode as a quasi-two-dimensional conductor, the thickness thereof can be sufficiently thin. Therefore, even when the projection dimension of the electron-emitting port formed from the quasi-one-dimensional conductor provided on the surface of the electron supply body is short. A thin thickness of one to a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors can be arranged around the side of the electron emission port. In addition, the tip of the electron emission port formed from the quasi one-dimensional conductor can be made to protrude sufficiently forward from the electron acceleration electrode. Therefore, electrons emitted from the tip of the electron emission port do not interfere with the electron acceleration electrode. That is, the electrons emitted from the tip of the electron emission port can fly and reach toward the electron acceptor without any obstacle.

Further, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 5, in addition to the effect of the configuration described in claim 1, the orbits of the electrons toward the electron acceptor are dispersed to prevent concentration of the acceptor position on the electron acceptor. Since the receiving electron position distributing means is provided, the receiving electron position distributing means can prevent the inadequate which causes the electron acceptor to be damaged by collision with electrons concentrated on a part of the electron acceptor, thereby increasing the durability of the apparatus.

In addition, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 6, in addition to the effect of the configuration described in claim 1, a plurality of electron acceptors are provided with each other insulated from each other, and the plurality of electrons emitted from the electron emission port are provided. Since the electron sharing means for dividing into two electron acceptors is provided, electrons emitted from the electron emission port can be divided into a plurality of electron acceptors by the electron sharing means. Therefore, it is possible to more easily and efficiently accept the electrons from each electron acceptor.

When one electron acceptor receives all of the emitted electrons, a large number of electrons are rapidly received, so that the negative charge of the electron acceptor is likely to increase rapidly, and thus, an electron reception rate may worsen, such as the flying electrons repulsing. On the other hand, in the case of dividing electrons by using a plurality of electron acceptors, the electron charges are increased to other places or used for the use of electrons that are not rapidly increased in each electron acceptor. Can be prevented appropriately. Therefore, the electrons which continue to fly can be efficiently received by the electron acceptor without repulsion by the negative charge.

Further, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 7, in addition to the effect of the configuration described in claim 1, a secondary emission preventing means for preventing secondary emission of electrons reaching the electron acceptor is provided. Therefore, the electrons that arrive at the electron acceptor can be surely bound. Therefore, power generation efficiency can be raised.

In addition, according to the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 8, in addition to the effect of the configuration described in claim 1, the electron acceptor and the electron supply body are electrically connected and a load is mixed on the way. Can be supplied to an electrical load to do the work. Electrons that have passed the electrical load return to the electron supply. That is, the former can be circulated.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a linear acceleration power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing details of main parts of a linear acceleration power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example in which an electron acceleration electrode made of a quasi-two-dimensional conductor is formed by combining a quasi-one-dimensional conductor in a mesh shape in the linear acceleration power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a diagram showing an example in which an electron acceleration electrode made of a quasi-two-dimensional conductor is formed by compounding quasi-one-dimensional conductors in parallel in the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an example in which a plurality of quasi-one-dimensional conductors are provided in a linear acceleration power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention to form an electron emission port.

6 is a view for explaining the electromotive force of power generation in the linear acceleration generator.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an example in which the receiving position distribution means is added in the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a view for explaining an example in which the electron-sharing means is added in the linear acceleration power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining an example of a specific configuration of a power extraction circuit configured to correspond to the case where an electron-sharing means is added in the linear acceleration power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a view for explaining an example in which a secondary emission preventing means is added in the linear acceleration power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view for explaining an example other than adding the secondary emission preventing means in the configuration of the linear acceleration power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

10: vacuum container 20: electron supply

30: electron emission port 30a: quasi one-dimensional conductor

40: electron acceleration electrode 40a: quasi one-dimensional conductor

41: electron acceleration power supply 50: electron acceptor

60: power extraction circuit 61: electrical load

70: electrical insulator 90: receiving electron position distribution means

100: electron sharing means 110: secondary emission prevention means

F: electric insulation space e: electron

A linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The electron supply body 20, the electron emission port 30, the electron acceleration electrode 40, and the electron acceptor 50 are provided in the electrical insulation space F in the vacuum container 10. As shown in FIG. In addition, the secondary emission preventing means 110 is provided.

In addition, the electron acceleration power supply 41 and the power extraction circuit 60 are provided outside the vacuum vessel 10.

The vacuum container 10 is a container in which the inside thereof is vacuumed or sufficiently decompressed, and the type of material is not particularly limited. The vacuum vessel 10 is an electrical insulation space F in a vacuum to reduced pressure.

The electron supply body 20 is made of a material that supplies electrons, and is made of a metal material and a material richly containing other free electrons.

The electron emission port 30 serves to discharge electrons therefrom into the electrically insulating space F, and is provided in an electrically conductive state with the electron supply body 20.

The electron emission port 30 has a work function Ew (work function), which is an energy barrier against the emission of electrons at its tip, that is, the minimum energy required to release electrons from the electron emission port to the electrically insulating space F. It is preferable to comprise using a small material. The shape of the electron emission port 30 is also preferably configured to have a shape with a small energy barrier, that is, a work function Ew.

The electron acceleration electrode 40 is an electrode for linearly accelerating electrons in the electron emission port 30 in the electron emission direction, and includes one to a plurality of electrodes. The electron acceleration electrode 40 is disposed insulated from the electron emission port 30.

The electron acceptor 50 is for receiving electrons emitted from the electron emission port 30 to the electric insulation space F, and is disposed to face the electron emission port 30 through the electric insulation space F. The electron acceptor 50 can be made of a material having a large holding capacity of free electrons such as a metal material.

The electron acceleration power supply 41 functions to add a positive voltage to the electron acceleration electrode 40. In this embodiment, a negative electrode is added to the electron supply body 20 and a positive electrode is added to the electron acceleration electrode 40. Connected.

The power extraction circuit 60 is a circuit for taking out the electron e collected in the electron acceptor 50 to the outside. An electrical connection is made between the electron acceptor 50 and the electron supply body 20, and an electric load 61 is blended in the meantime.

In the linear acceleration power generation device according to the above embodiment, the electron e entering the electron emission port 30 from the electron supply body 20 adds a positive voltage by the electron acceleration electrode 40 to the electron emission port 30. The electron e, which has been accelerated linearly in the electron emission direction, becomes a ballistic electron at the tip of the electron emission port 30, and is emitted into the electric insulation space F.

Electrons e protruding into the electric insulation space F fly through the trajectory trajectory and reach the oppositely arranged receptor 50 to collide with and be absorbed.

A power extraction circuit 60 is connected between the electron acceptor 50 in which the electron e is absorbed and the electron supply 20, and the electron e from the electron acceptor 50 that absorbs the electron e to the electron supply 20. Is fed back. At that time, the current i flows as the electron e moves in the electrical load 61. That is, the generated electricity is supplied to the electrical load 61 as electric energy, and energy is used to perform work.

2 shows the electron emission port 30 and the electron acceleration electrode 40 of the linear acceleration power generator in detail. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the electron emission port 30 is represented by the quasi-one-dimensional conductor 30a as one of the quasi-one-dimensional conductors 30a. . In the case of the quasi one-dimensional conductor, it is actually very fine, but it is conceptually enlarged on the drawing.

Of course, the electron emission port 30 may be configured by constraining the plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors 30a.

An electrical insulator 70 is electrically isolated between the electron emission port 30 and the electron acceleration electrode 40. Therefore, electrons may not move from the electron emission port 30 to the electron acceleration electrode 40. Of course, the electron acceleration electrode 40 is also held in an insulated state from the electron supply body 20 through the electric insulation space F. Therefore, the electron acceleration electrode 40 retains electrical insulation from the surroundings, and most of the electric charge supplied from the electron acceleration power supply 41 is retained, so in theory, most power consumption does not occur. Thus, a power generation device with good power generation efficiency is realized.

The electron emission port 30 may be configured by arranging a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors 30a upright on the surface of the electron supply body 20. A plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors 30a are constructed by standing up, and the free electrons in the electron supply body 20 pass through each of the quasi-dimensional conductors 30a, which are provided upright, and are emitted from the distal end thereof as a whole. Many electrons can be emitted efficiently. In this case, these quasi one-dimensional conductors 30a and the electron acceleration electrodes 40 are held insulated from each other.

In FIG. 2, the electron emission port 30 is drawn in a tube shape, but it is conscious that the electron emission port 30 is composed of carbon nanotubes which are semi-dimensional conductors.

When the electron emission port 30 is formed using carbon nanotubes, a catalyst material such as iron, cobalt, or nickel is laminated on the surface of the electron supply body 20, and the atmosphere is set at around 650 °. By maintaining a suitable temperature, supplying a carbon-based gas such as methane, acetylene as a gas, and maintaining the conditions properly, to grow a carbon nanotube or similar quasi-dimensional material on the electron supply body 20 .

In FIG. 2, the electron acceleration electrode 40 corresponds to the quasi-two-dimensional conductor, and the electron acceleration electrode 40 corresponds to the case where the electron emission port 30 is composed of one to a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors. It is to be configured. By forming the electron acceleration electrode 40 with the quasi-two-dimensional conductor, the thickness of the electron acceleration electrode 40 can be made sufficiently thin. Therefore, even if the electron emission port 30 has a short protrusion amount (projection dimension) from the electron supply body 20, the electron acceleration electrode 40 can be arranged around the electron emission port 30, and the electron emission port can be arranged. The tip of 30 may be disposed so as to protrude sufficiently ahead of the acceleration electrode 40. In this way, the electron e in the electron emission port 30 is sufficiently linearly accelerated by the one to the plurality of electron acceleration electrodes 40 and at the same time, when it is emitted from the tip of the electron emission port 30, the electron acceleration electrode ( Beyond the position of 40, the electron acceleration electrode 40 cannot prevent the emission of electrons.

3 shows an example in which the electron acceleration electrode 40 is configured as a quasi-two-dimensional conductor by repeating the quasi-one-dimensional conductor 40a in a mesh shape. The electron emission port 30 constituting the quasi one-dimensional conductor 30a is provided through a mesh formed from the quasi two-dimensional conductor. Of course, the electron emission port 30 and the electron acceleration electrode 40 are electrically insulated from each other. In this case, the surface of the quasi one-dimensional conductor 30a of the electron emission port 30 and the quasi one-dimensional conductor 40a of the electron acceleration electrode 40 may be covered with an insulating material. Carbon nanotubes can be used as the quasi one-dimensional conductor.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which the electron acceleration electrode 40 is formed by combining the quasi one-dimensional conductor 40a in parallel with each other. As in the case of the example already shown in FIG. 3, the electron emission port 30 which can be constituted from the quasi one-dimensional conductor 30a is provided through a parallel gap formed from the quasi two-dimensional conductor. Of course, the electron emission ports 30 and 30a and the electron acceleration electrode 40 are electrically insulated from each other. In this case, as in the case of the example shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the quasi one-dimensional conductor 30a of the electron emission port 30 and the quasi one-dimensional conductor 40a of the electron acceleration electrode 40 are used as an insulating material. By coating, it is possible to secure mutual electrical insulation. Carbon nanotubes can be used as the quasi one-dimensional conductor.

An example in which the electron emission port 30 is formed by standing up and preparing a plurality of quasi-dimensional conductors 30a will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

In this example, a plurality of quasi-one-dimensional conductors 30a are provided on the surface of the electron supply body 20 in a wide manner to form an electron emission port 30, and to pass through these quasi-one-dimensional conductors 30a. In this state, the plurality of electron acceleration electrodes 40 are arranged in the horizontal direction.

The electron acceleration power supply 41 is connected with the electron supply body 20 to the cathode side and each electron acceleration electrode 40 as the anode side. Each of the standard one-dimensional conductors 30a and the electron acceleration electrodes 40 of the electron emission ports 30 are held in an electrically insulated state.

The electrons of the electron supply body 20 pass through each of the quasi-dimensional one-dimensional conductors 30a of the electron emission port 30, and are linearly accelerated by the plurality of electron acceleration electrodes 40 to pass each electron acceleration electrode 40. It is emitted as a ballistic electron e from the previous tip through.

The emitted ballistic electron e impinges on and absorbs the electron acceptor 50.

Referring to Figure 6 describes the electromotive force of the power generation in the linear acceleration generator of the present invention. Electrons e emitted from the electron emission port 30 to the electrical insulation space F collide with the electron acceptors 50 and are absorbed therein. The flying electron e impinges on the electron acceptor 50 at the speed v (m / s). As the electron e is absorbed, the potential of the electron acceptor 50 becomes -V (volt). When the electron e approaches the electron acceptor 50, it is decelerated. Therefore, if there is a speed that satisfies the following inequality 1, the electron e reaches the electron acceptor 50.

mv ^2/2> qv ····· formula 1

Where q (coulomb) is the charge that electrons hold.

In order to satisfy Equation 1, it is necessary to increase the initial velocity of the emergency electron. The initial velocity of the electrons is determined by the voltage added to the electron acceleration electrode 40. Therefore, the electromotive force of this linear acceleration generator is determined by the voltage added to the electron acceleration electrode 40.

In order to increase the electromotive force, a voltage added to the electron acceleration electrode 40 may be increased.

However, if the voltage added to the electron acceleration electrode 40 is increased, there is a possibility that the leakage current flowing through the insulator between the electron acceleration electrode 40 and the cathode may also be large, and it is not advantageous to increase the voltage extremely. Therefore, the generated electromotive force is determined by considering the leakage current of the insulator and increasing the acceleration voltage within a range where the loss does not increase.

In the linear acceleration power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 with reference to FIG. 7, an example in which the electron acceptor position distribution means 90 is added to the electron acceptor 50 will be described.

The electron acceptor position distributing means 90 distributes the orbit orb of the electron e toward the electron acceptor 50 with respect to the electron acceptor 50 which collects the electron e emitted from the electron emission port 30. This is to prevent the location of collected electrons in the receptor 50 to concentrate.

The electron acceptor position distributing means 90 is disposed in front of the electron acceptor 50 and periodically or randomly changes the trajectory of the electron e toward the electron acceptor 50.

In FIG. 7, the electron acceptor 50 is rotated 90 degrees from the state shown in FIG. However, this is only shown by rotating for ease of explanation.

The receiving position distributing means 90 includes two deflection plates 92 and 92 in the horizontal direction, two deflection plates 94 and 94 in the vertical direction and a scanning electronic circuit 91 in the horizontal direction. The two deflection plates 92 and 92 of the horizontal direction, which are constituted by the scanning electronic circuit 93, have an electrical signal scanned in the horizontal direction by the scanning electronic circuit 91 in the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction The two deflection plates 94 and 94 are added with an electrical signal scanned in the vertical direction by the scanning electronic circuit 93 in the vertical direction. By the change of the electric field in the horizontal direction generated by the scanning signal in the horizontal direction, the orbit orb of the electron e can be bent in the horizontal direction. In addition, by the change of the electric field in the vertical direction generated by the scanning signal in the vertical direction, the orbit orb of the electron e can be bent in the vertical direction. By the combination of the horizontal scan and the vertical scan, the orbit orb of the electron e is periodically or randomly changed, and as a result, the electron e is dispersed and received in a wide range of the electron acceptor 50. As a result, breakage and destruction of the electron acceptor 50 generated when the electron e concentrates on the narrow range of the electron acceptor 50 can be prevented, and durability can be increased.

An example in which the electron sharing means 100 is added to the configuration of the linear acceleration power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 8.

Consider the case where the charge of the electron e which escapes in the vacuum is -q coulomb, the speed is v, and the electron e approaches the electron acceptor 50. If the charge accumulated in the electron acceptor 50 is -Q coulomb, the coulomb repulsion force in proportion to the product q x Q of the charges of both functions. When the velocity v of the electron e is large, the electron e can collide with the electron acceptor 50 by defeating the coulomb's repulsive force. However, when the speed v is small, it is impossible for the electron e to reach the electron acceptor 50 by the action of the coulomb force. Therefore, the amount of negative charge accumulated in the electron acceptor 50 is limited, and electrons not collided by the coulomb's repulsive force are absorbed by the anode of the applied power source. Therefore, it becomes important to absorb all of the electrons e that escape in the vacuum into the electron acceptor 50.

The electron dividing means 100 is disposed in front of the electron acceptor 50 and divides the electron e toward the electron acceptor 50. That is, a pair of sharing electrodes 101 and 102 are disposed in the electrical insulation space F between the electron emission port 30 and the electron acceptor 50 so that the electron e is formed between the electrodes 101 and 102. Configure to pass. The AC power source 103 is connected to the pair of sharing electrodes 101 and 102, and when a positive voltage is applied to one of the sharing electrodes 101 and 102, the other sharing electrode 102 and 101 is connected. Negative voltage is applied.

When the electron sharing means 100 is provided, a plurality of electron acceptors 50 that receive divided electrons are provided as a configuration of the electron acceptor 50. That is, in FIG. 8, the electron acceptor 50 is insulated from each other by the insulating member 55, and the 1st electron acceptor 56 and the 2nd electron acceptor 57 are arrange | positioned.

In the configuration as described above, when the AC power source 103 is turned on, the positive and negative potentials are applied to the pair of sharing electrodes 101 and 102 at regular intervals.

Now, in the period in which the positive potential is applied to the division electrode 101 on the left side and the negative potential is applied to the division electrode 102 on the right side, the emergency electron e can bend the orbit in the direction of the positive potential (left direction). The first electron acceptor 56 on the left impacts and is absorbed. In addition, during a period in which the positive potential is applied to the right sharing electrode 102 and the negative potential is applied to the left sharing electrode 101, the emergency electron e can bend the orbit in the right direction, so that the right second electron acceptor 57 ) Is crashed into and absorbed. In this way, electrons e are divided and collected in the first electron acceptor 56 and the second electron acceptor 57 on the left and right at regular intervals.

The collection of electrons e is performed alternately by a pair of electron acceptors 56 and 57, and the period during which electron e is not received in each of the first electron acceptor 56 and the second electron acceptor 57 In the present invention, the collected electrons e can be discharged to the outside and provided as electric power, and the amount of electrons in the electron acceptors 56 and 57 can be reduced to prepare for electron reception in the next cycle.

Referring to FIG. 9, a specific embodiment of a power extraction circuit 60 extracts and accumulates electrons accumulated in the first electron acceptor 56 and the second electron acceptor 57 by the sharing means 100 and provides them to the power supply. One example is explained.

A transformer 62 is provided in the power extraction circuit 60, one end 63a of the primary coil 63 is connected to the first electron acceptor 56, and the other end 63b of the primary coil 63 is connected. Is connected to the second electron acceptor 57. In addition, the intermediate terminal 63c is provided in the center of the primary coil 63, and the intermediate terminal 63c is configured to be connected to the electron supply body 20. The voltage is output between both ends 64a and 64 kV of the secondary coil 64 of the transformer 62. Therefore, by connecting the electrical load 65 between these both ends 64a and 64 kV, electric power can be supplied with respect to an electrical load, and it can work.

In the period in which the positive potential is applied to the left electrode 101 by the electron sharing means 100, electrons are received by the first electron acceptor 56 and accumulate. Electrons e accumulated in the first electron acceptor 56 flow from the one end 63a to the primary coil 63 of the power extraction circuit 60 and move to the electron supply body 20 through the intermediate terminal 63c ( Cycles). At this time, magnetic flux is generated and voltage is generated in the secondary coil 64 of the transformer 62. Usually, since the electrical load 65 is connected to the secondary coil 64 side, back electromotive force is generated by the electric current flowing through the electrical load 65, and this back electromotive force causes the primary coil from the first electron acceptor 56. The amount of electrons moving to the electron supply body 20 via 63 is limited. For this reason, time is required until the electron e accumulated in the first electron acceptor 56 is sufficiently discharged.

On the other hand, when the voltage of the AC power source 103 is changed in a predetermined cycle, when the sharing electrode 101 of the left side of the electron sharing means 100 becomes the negative potential and the sharing electrode 102 of the right side becomes the positive potential, The emergency electron e is taken in and accumulated by the second electron acceptor 57. Electrons e accumulated in the second electron acceptor 57 flow to the primary coil 63 of the power extraction circuit 60 from the other end 63b and to the electron supply body 20 via the intermediate terminal 63c. Move (circulate). At this time, the magnetic flux opposite to the previous time is generated in the secondary coil 64 of the transformer 62, and a voltage in which the positive and negative are reversed is generated. In other words, the current flowing through the electrical load 65 is reversed as before. The counter electromotive force is generated by an electric current flowing through the electrical load 65 of the secondary coil 64, and the counter electromotive force is applied from the second electron acceptor 57 to the electron supply body 20 through the primary coil 63. The amount of electrons moving is limited. For this reason, time is required until the electron e accumulated in the second electron acceptor 57 is sufficiently discharged.

On the other hand, in this period, since the electron e reaching the first electron acceptor 56 does not exist, most of the electron e accumulated in the first electron acceptor 56 is the primary coil 63 of the transformer 62. Return to the electron supply body 20 via). That is, most of the electrons e accumulated in the first electron acceptor 56 in this period are discharged. Therefore, the first electron acceptor 56 is prepared to accept the electron e in the next cycle in this period.

In the case of the second electron acceptor 57, the same course is followed, and the acceptance posture is adjusted by the acceptance and discharge of the electrons.

In addition, an AC voltage is generated on the secondary coil 64 side of the power extraction circuit 60.

As described above, the electron-sharing means 100 allows the electron-receptor e to be divided into two electron acceptors, that is, the first electron acceptor 56 and the second electron acceptor 57. Accumulation of a large amount of electrons e can be prevented, thus avoiding inadequacies that can hinder the acceptance of changing electrons e, and accepting the emitted electrons e efficiently and efficiently returning them to the electron supply body 20. It becomes possible.

Therefore, it becomes possible to prevent the fall of the efficiency of electric energy generation by the charge accumulation phenomenon which is the biggest problem in the linear acceleration power generator of this invention, and can provide a high efficiency power generator.

Returning to FIG. 1, an example in which a secondary emission preventing unit 110 is added to prevent the secondary emission of electrons reaching the electron acceptor 50 in the configuration of the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is described. Explain.

In this example, the conductor 110a is arranged on the back surface of the electron acceptor 50 via the electrical insulation space F, and the conductor 110a is configured to apply a positive voltage from the power supply 110b.

Due to the positive charge accumulated in the conductive material 110a, a negative charge is induced on the surface (back side) of the electron acceptor 50 on the side of the conductor 110a, and the front surface of the electron acceptor 50 (electron e is received). ) A positive charge is induced.

By the positive charge induced on the front surface of the electron acceptor 50, the emergency electron e can be attracted close to the front surface of the electron acceptor 50. The electrons e that have reached the electron acceptor 50 and have collected have passed through the power extraction circuit 60 and can be used as electrical energy.

10, the secondary emission preventing means 110 is added to the structure of the linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention to prevent secondary emission of electrons reaching the electron acceptor 50. Explain the example.

In this example, an insulating circumferential wall 111 made of an insulating member is provided to surround the front surface 50a of the electron acceptor 50, that is, the surface 50a receiving the flying electron e. The gate member 112 is disposed in the opening of the 111. An electron inlet 113 is provided near the center of the gate member 112. In addition, the front surface 50a of the electron acceptor 50 has an inclined surface so that the center portion is high and the periphery is low.

Then, a power source 114 is provided, and a negative voltage is applied to the gate member 112 isolated from the insulating circumferential wall 111, and a positive voltage is applied to the electron acceptor 50, respectively.

Electrons e having passed through the electron inlet 113 of the gate member 112 collide with the surface 50a of the electron acceptor 50. The collided electron e or the secondary electron e that protrudes second proceeds to the bent orbit orb, and is finally absorbed by the electron acceptor 50. The electric field generated between the gate member 112 and the electron acceptor 50 acts as a force for bringing the emergency electron e closer to the electron acceptor 50, thus passing through the electron inlet 113 of the gate member 112. All of the electrons e are absorbed by the electron acceptor 50.

The electron e absorbed by the electron acceptor 50 passes through the power extraction circuit 60 and returns to the electron supply body 20 and is used as an electric load 61 on the way.

In addition, the positive voltage applied to the electron acceptor 50 is lower or near zero, and the utilization efficiency of the electrons collected is improved.

With reference to FIG. 11, the secondary emission preventing means 110 is added to the structure of the linear acceleration power generation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention for preventing the electron which reached | attained the electron acceptor 50 to be taken out secondary. Another example will be described.

In this example, the quasi-two-dimensional conductor 116 is laminated on the entire surface of the electron acceptor 50 through the quasi-two-dimensional insulator 115. Then, a power source 117a is provided so that a negative voltage overlaps the quasi-two-dimensional conductor 116 separated by the quasi-two-dimensional insulator 115, and a positive voltage overlaps the electron acceptor 50, respectively.

When the emergency electron e directed toward the electron acceptor 50 collides with the quasi-dimensional conductor 116, it exits the quasi-dimensional conductor 116 by a tunnel phenomenon, and the quasi-dimensional insulator 115 also tunnels. It exits by the phenomenon, collides with the electron acceptor 50, and is absorbed.

The electron e collided with the electron acceptor 50 is slowed down and subjected to the Coulomb force due to the negative charge accumulated in the quasi-two-dimensional conductor 116. Thus, the quaternary 2-dimensional insulator 115 is returned from the electron acceptor 50 again. ) And protruding to the outside through the quasi-two-dimensional conductor 116 are prevented. That is, the electron e which has reached the electron acceptor 50 is prevented from being taken out secondarily.

The linear acceleration power generator of the present invention using electrons emitted by linear acceleration replaces power generation using natural energy such as thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power generation, solar power, or as a power generation means to be newly applied. It is possible to supply low-cost, low-energy, clean and stable electric energy at low cost, so the industrial applicability is great.

Claims (8)

An electron supply body made of a material holding free electrons, an electron emission port provided in an electrically conducting state with respect to the electron supply body, and the electron emission port being arranged in an electrically insulated state, and at the same time, electrons in the electron emission port 1 to a plurality of electron acceleration electrodes for linear acceleration, and the electron emission port is provided on behalf of the electrical insulation space and the electron acceptor for receiving the electrons emitted from the electron emission port, the electron acceleration electrode By applying a positive voltage, the electrons in the electron emission port are linearly accelerated to emit as ballistic electrons from the electron emission port to the electrically insulating space, and at the same time, the electrons received are collected by the electron acceptor. Linear acceleration generator. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electron emission port is formed by arranging one to a plurality of quasi one-dimensional conductors on the surface of the electron supply body. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the quasi one-dimensional conductor is a carbon nanotube. The electron emission port according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the electron acceleration electrode is formed from a quasi-two-dimensional conductor, and the quasi-one-dimensional conductor is provided in an electrically insulated state around the electron emission port. Linear acceleration generator, characterized in that arranged. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a receiving electron position distributing means for dispersing the orbits of the electrons toward the electron acceptor to prevent concentration of collected electrons in the electron acceptor. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electron acceptor is provided with a plurality of insulated states, and electron sharing means for dividing electrons emitted from the electron emission port into the plurality of electron acceptors. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising secondary emission preventing means for preventing secondary electrons from reaching the electron acceptor. The linear acceleration power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the linear accelerating power generator is configured to electrically connect the electron acceptor and the electron supply body and arrange an electric load along the way.

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