KR20080074837A - Boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

A boiler is provided to reduce the fuel cost and to improve heat efficiency by using combustion heat of fuel and waste heat of combustion gas. A boiler comprises a body(10), a fuel supply section, a first air supply section, a second air supply section(40), a first combustion chamber(50), a discharge port, a second combustion chamber(70), a third air supply section(80), a funnel(90), and hot water pipes(100). The body is made from metal to protect elements accommodated in the body. A safety valve(11) or a drain valve(13) is formed at one side of the body. The fuel supply section supplies fuel to the first combustion chamber. The fuel includes wood powder or wood pieces. The fuel supply section includes a hopper, a convey screw, a feeder, and a fuel injection pipe.

Description

Boiler {BOILER}

The present invention relates to a boiler, and more particularly, it is possible to reduce the emission of air pollutants by re-burning the combustion gas generated during the combustion of coal, solids containing coal, or wood used as fuel, or wood. The present invention relates to a boiler that can maintain high thermal efficiency and reduce fuel costs by using reburn heat of combustion gas.

Currently used boilers have various structures from industrial boilers to domestic boilers.

These boilers are mostly used as oil, gas, electricity, etc., such as diesel, kerosene, gasoline, etc., and a boiler having a structure corresponding thereto is used.

However, due to the recent increase in the initial supply cost of oil, gas, electricity, etc. and difficult economic situation, there is a problem in the economics of boilers, especially in rural or mountain wall, where economic conditions are insignificant. to be.

Therefore, interest in coal or coal-containing solids, such as peat, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite or briquettes as fuel, or wood-based boilers, has recently been increasing. In particular, wood boilers are economical because they use wood, which is cheaper than other forms of energy, as fuel, and because they are used on a relatively small scale, manufacturing costs and installation costs are low.

Such boilers typically have a structure in which a water tank in which water is stored outside the boiler having a combustion chamber is surrounded, or a water tank is mounted above the combustion chamber of the boiler.

That is, the water tank is heated by the combustion heat generated by burning fuel, that is, coal or coal-containing solid wood or wood in the combustion chamber, and the heated water is heated while circulating through the heating pipe.

However, such a boiler has a problem that a large amount of air pollutants, for example, carbon monoxide, soot, nitrogen oxides, etc. due to the complete combustion of the fuel is not made.

In addition, since the fuel is combusted in a single combustion chamber and the combustion heat generated at the same time is used for heating, thermal efficiency was not good, and the user had to continuously supply coal, solids containing coal, or wood for fuel. .

According to the present invention for achieving the above object, a coal or a solid fuel or wood-containing boiler comprising the main body; A fuel supply unit supplying fuel to the main body; A first air supply unit connected to the fuel supply unit and injecting air to inject fuel and air into the main body; A second air supply unit for introducing air into the main body through the lower side of the main body; A first combustion chamber supplied with fuel and air through the first and second air supply units to combust the first combustion gas generated according to the combustion of the fuel and the fuel, and having a plurality of through holes; A discharge part through which ash of the fuel combusted in the first combustion chamber is discharged; A second combustion chamber supplied with a first combustion gas not combusted in the first combustion chamber and a second combustion gas generated in accordance with combustion of the first combustion gas through a through hole; A third air supply unit injecting air into the second combustion chamber so that the first and second combustion gases are combusted in the second combustion chamber; A chimney for discharging third combustion gas generated according to combustion of the first and second combustion gases; And a hot water pipe for supplying hot water by heating the internal water by any one or two of the combustion heat of the fuel, the heat of combustion of the first combustion gas, the heat of combustion of the second combustion gas, and the heat of the third combustion gas. It provides a boiler comprising a.

A plurality of nozzles are formed in the second air supply unit, and the nozzles may be configured to have a larger diameter of the nozzles formed near the outer circumferential surface than in the vicinity of the center.

The through hole may be formed such that any one or two of the first combustion gas and the second combustion gas that are not combusted are discharged with a direction of an angle.

The air introduced through the third air input unit may be configured to be introduced with a certain angle of direction.

According to the boiler according to the present invention, there is an effect of reducing the emission of air pollutants by re-burning the combustion gas generated when the coal or the solid containing coal, or wood used as a fuel.

In addition, the present invention can maintain a high thermal efficiency by using the heat of combustion of the fuel and the heat of recombustion of the combustion gas, there is an effect that can reduce the fuel cost.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings will be described in detail. However, these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and the present invention is not limited thereto. Here, although the boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention may use coal or coal-containing solids or wood as fuel, the description will be given by using wood as fuel as an example.

1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing a fuel supply unit and a first air supply unit used in the boiler shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 is a view showing a second air supply unit shown in FIG.

4 is a view showing a lower portion of the first combustion chamber and a second air supply unit shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a view showing an upper portion of the first combustion chamber shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 1. Showing the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.

1 to 6, the boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention is largely the main body 10, the fuel supply unit 20, the first air supply unit 30, the second air supply unit 40, the first combustion chamber 50, a discharge unit 60, a second combustion chamber 70, a third air supply unit 80, a chimney 90, and a hot water pipe 100 are configured.

The main body 10 constitutes an exterior of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is preferably made of a metal material to protect various built-in components. One side of the main body 10 is formed with a safety system, that is, a safety valve 11 or a drain valve 13 to reduce the risk of overheating. Accordingly, when overheated, the water may be discharged through the drain valve 13 or the pressure may be lowered through the safety valve 11 to provide a safe boiler. Since the safety valve 11 or the drain valve 13 is already known and used, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. On the other hand, the main body 10 has an inlet 15 for supplying water to the boiler to generate hot water as used in a general boiler, and an outlet 17 for outflowing the hot water generated in the boiler to be used as heating water or hot water. ), A replenishment water supply port 19 for replenishing water as much as the amount of hot water flowing out is formed. In addition, although not shown, various switches for controlling the boiler, such as a plurality of circulation valves, pipes, pumps, and power ON / OFF switches, etc., which are connected to the inlet 15 and the outlet 17 so as to circulate hot water. The provided control unit may be formed, but since it is already used in a general boiler, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The fuel supply part 20 is a component which supplies fuel to the main body 10, especially the 1st combustion chamber 50 mentioned below. At this time, the fuel is used for the wood, for example, a wood powder or a piece of wood (hereinafter referred to as 'fuel') having a particle size of about 5 ~ 15mm obtained by grinding the waste wood, the wood by using such a fuel Moisture evaporation, pyrolysis can be made quickly.

The fuel supply unit 20 includes a hopper 22, a transfer screw 24, a feed feeder 26, and a fuel injection pipe 28, and the hopper 22 is a portion into which fuel is injected. The boiler according to the embodiment may contain an amount of fuel that can be used continuously for about one to two days. The transfer screw 24 is formed on the lower side of the hopper 22 to transfer the fuel injected from the hopper 22 in one direction. To this end, a plurality of threads are formed in the conveying screw 24, and rotated along the longitudinal center axis to convey the fuel injected through the hopper 22. The feed feeder 26 has a plurality of vanes, and rotates about an axis to supply a fixed amount of fuel. The fuel injection pipe 28 guides the fuel supplied quantitatively by the feed feeder 26 into the main body 10, that is, the first combustion chamber 50. According to the use of the fuel supply unit 20, the automatic supply of fuel is possible, and the unmanned operation of the boiler may be possible according to the capacity of the discharge unit 60 described below.

The first air supply unit 30 is a component for injecting the fuel and air supplied from the fuel supply unit 20 described above together into the main body 10, that is, the first combustion chamber 50, and includes a separate blowing fan (not shown). To supply air. To this end, the fuel and air are connected to the fuel supply unit 20, in particular, the fuel injection pipe 28 to inject air together with the fuel and air into the first combustion chamber 50. The air supplied by the first air supply unit 30 serves to supply oxygen necessary for combustion of the fuel, and serves as cooling air to prevent overheating of the first combustion chamber 50. At this time, since the fuel injection pipe 28 is formed up to the inside of the first combustion chamber 50, it is preferable to surround the fuel injection pipe 28 with cooling means filled with water to protect it from the heat of combustion due to the incineration of fuel. Such cooling means may be part of the cooling unit 72 described below.

The second air supply unit 40 is a component that injects air into the main body 10 through the lower side of the main body 10, and more precisely, is formed on the lower side of the first combustion chamber 50 so that the first air supply unit ( Like 30), the air is input through a separate blowing fan. To this end, a plurality of nozzles 42 for introducing air are formed in the second air supply unit 40. The second air supply unit 40 allows the combustion process to be performed smoothly while naturally mixing and mixing the fuel injected into the first combustion chamber 50 as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. 4. To this end, the nozzle 42 formed in the second air supply unit 40 has a larger diameter of the nozzle formed near the outer circumferential surface than in the vicinity of the center. Therefore, the speed of the air introduced through the vicinity of the center is faster than the air introduced through the vicinity of the outer circumferential surface, so that the fluidization of the fuel is better. As described above, the number of nozzles 42 may be changed depending on the type or size of the fuel, and may be made of a material resistant to high temperature and abrasion. In addition, it is preferable that the nozzle 42 is detachably configured to be easily replaced when the nozzle 42 is clogged or needs to be replaced. On the other hand, the air introduced through the second air supply unit 40 is preferably injected at an appropriate pressure so that the fuel does not rise so high.

The first combustion chamber 50 is a component that receives fuel and air through the first and second air supply units 30 and 40 to combust the fuel and the first combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel. An ignition port 54 is formed in the first combustion chamber 50 to combust the fuel injected into the first combustion chamber 50, and a see-through window 56 may be formed to check the ignition state. In the first combustion chamber 50, the fuel is fluidized by the air introduced through the second air supply unit 40, and zinc is oxidized to convert most of the combustible material of the fuel into pyrolysis gas, that is, the first combustion gas. Accordingly, a large amount of the first combustion gas is combusted by the air introduced together with the fuel from the first air supply unit 30.

The interior of the first combustion chamber 50 is preferably made of a casting or heat-resistant material, it is possible to install a fireproof material (not shown) on the inner surface. In this way, when the refractory material is used, it is possible to suppress the generation of tar caused by the wood gin included in the wood, to prevent the combustion heat of the fuel and the first combustion gas from being transferred to the outside, and to store the combustion heat, thereby reducing the amount of fuel input. There is an advantage to this. Here, as the refractory material may be used refractory brick, refractory castable, gypsum board, ceramics and the like.

Meanwhile, as described above, the first combustion chamber 50 includes a plurality of through holes 52 through which the first combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel but not yet burned and the second combustion gas generated while the first combustion gas is burned are discharged. ) Is formed. At this time, the through hole 52 is formed to have an appropriate diameter so that the fuel injected into the first combustion chamber 50 is fluidized so as not to be discharged through the through hole 52. In particular, the through hole 52 is formed at an angle so as to improve the mixing degree of the air supplied from the third air supply unit 80 described below and the first combustion gas or the second combustion gas discharged from the through hole 52. Directional, for example, rotated in the second combustion chamber 70 to be described below to be discharged at an angle of about 10 to 50 degrees to the left or right of the through-hole 52 about the through-hole 52. Turbulence can be formed. The angle and the number of the through holes 52 can be changed according to the production environment or use environment of the boiler, etc. In the illustrated drawings, the through holes 52 are all formed to face the same direction, but have different directions, while having a constant direction. For example, one may be formed to face upward and the other to face downward.

The discharge unit 60 is a portion in which ash of the fuel combusted in the first combustion chamber 50 is discharged and spaced between the second air supply unit 40 and the main body 10 or a separate net is disposed to discharge the fuel. It is configured so that only the ash burned without falling, and the discharge portion (60) is formed with a redistribution outlet (not shown) to easily process the stacked ash.

The second combustion chamber 70 receives the first combustion gas not combusted in the first combustion chamber 50 and the second combustion gas generated by the combustion of the first combustion gas through the through holes 52 to perform secondary combustion. Component. As such, since the first combustion gas and the second combustion gas which are not combusted are burned again in the second combustion chamber 70, the thermal efficiency of the boiler may be further improved. Like the first combustion chamber 50, the second combustion chamber 70 may be manufactured with a casting or a heat resistant material, and a fire resistant material may be installed on the inner surface. A cooling unit 72 is formed outside the second combustion chamber 70. The cooling unit 72 used in the present invention is water-cooled, that is, a so-called water jacket filled with water is used. The cooling means surrounding the fuel injection pipe 28 of the fuel supply unit 20 may be a portion in which a portion of the cooling unit 72 extends.

The third air supply unit 80 injects air into the second combustion chamber 70 so that the first and second combustion gases supplied to the second combustion chamber 70 are combusted, and internal cooling of the second combustion chamber 70 is performed. Like the first or second air supply unit 40 as a component to guide, the air is supplied through a separate blowing fan or the like, and is formed below the cooling unit 72. At this time, the air introduced through the third air supply unit 80 may be rotated in the second combustion chamber 70 by allowing it to be introduced with a certain angle of direction, such as the through-hole 52 of the first combustion chamber 50 described above. Will be. Accordingly, the first and second combustion gases supplied to the second combustion chamber 70 may form turbulent flow so that the first and second combustion gases may be well mixed with the air supplied from the third air supply unit 80. That is, the air supplied from the third air supply unit 80 is introduced in such a manner as to merge with the direction in which the first and second combustion gases discharged from the through hole 52 are discharged so that the first and second combustion gases and the air mutually. The area that reacts with the high contact time can be secured widely. The angle, number, location, etc. of the third air supply unit 80 may be formed similarly to the angle, number, location, etc. of the through hole 52, but may be changed according to a manufacturing environment or a use environment of the boiler. On the other hand, the third air supply unit 80 is also formed so as to face the same direction in the drawing shown in the same as the through hole 52, but in a different direction, for example, one of which is facing upward direction, the other One may be formed to face downward.

The chimney 90 is a component from which the third combustion gas generated by the first and second combustion gases combusted in the second combustion chamber 70 is discharged. Here, the third combustion gas is used as a concept including the first or second combustion gas which is not combusted in the second combustion chamber 70. In the inside of the chimney 90, it is possible to control the combustion of the fuel by installing a damper 92 that can adjust the discharge of the third combustion gas. At this time, the length of the chimney 90 is formed long, or the chimney 90 is formed in a zigzag shape to delay the discharge of the third combustion gas to be configured to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the hot water pipe 100 described below. It may be.

The hot water pipe 100 is connected to the inlet 15 and the outlet 17 formed in the main body 10, the heat of combustion of the fuel burned in the first combustion chamber 50, the heat of combustion of the first combustion gas, the second combustion chamber 70. Heated by the combustion heat of the first and second combustion gas is burned in the) to generate and supply hot water, the heat of the third combustion gas may also heat the hot water pipe (100).

The hot water pipe 100 is first warmed through the cooling unit 72 formed on the outside of the second combustion chamber 70 and secondly heated in the main body 10 past the cooling unit 72.

Accordingly, the hot water pipe 100 itself may be configured to receive the heat of combustion and the heat of the third combustion gas in the first and second combustion chambers 50 and 70, and protect the hot water pipe 100 by preventing direct heat transfer. A separate tube (not shown) may be disposed outside the hot water pipe 100 so as to be able to do so. In addition, the cooling unit 72 formed on the outside of the second combustion chamber 70 serves as the hot water pipe 100 so that the water in the cooling unit 72 circulates to be supplied as hot water, or a separate hot water pipe 100 ) May be arranged to penetrate the cooling unit 72. The hot water pipe 100 is configured to widen the area of contact with the heat generated by the boiler and the hot water pipe 100 so that it can be quickly heated. At this time, the hot water pipe 100 is the same as the hot water pipe used in the general associated boiler, which is already used, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

On the other hand, in the case of a component containing water, such as the hot water pipe 100 and the cooling unit 72 described above, it is preferable to use a stainless material so as not to rust.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a boiler according to the present invention according to this configuration will be described in detail.

First, the main body 10 of the boiler is installed at a predetermined place and connects the piping (not shown) of the building (not shown), for example, a heating pipe and a hot water supply pipe, to the inlet 15 and the outlet 17.

In order to use the building's heating or hot water, the user inputs fuel, that is, wood powder or wood chips into the first combustion chamber 50 through the fuel supply unit 20, and lights the fire through the ignition port 54.

The fuel introduced into the first combustion chamber 50 is combusted while being fluidized by the air introduced from the second air supply unit 40 in the lower portion, and ashes of the burned fuel fall into the discharge portion 60 under the main body 10.

On the other hand, the fuel is zinc oxide to emit a large amount of the first combustion gas, that is, carbon monoxide, methane gas and the like.

In addition, the first combustion gas is combusted in the first combustion chamber 50 by the air introduced together with the fuel from the first air supply unit 30, and the first combustion gas and the first combustion gas that are not combusted are burned. The second combustion gas is supplied to the second combustion chamber 70 through the plurality of through holes 52 formed in the first combustion chamber 50.

The first combustion gas and the second combustion gas discharged from the first combustion chamber 50 include a large amount of solids such as tar, unburned dust, and soot in addition to a large amount of unburned gas, carbon monoxide and organic gases. It is an air pollutant as an incomplete combustion material, and is also a factor that reduces the thermal efficiency of the boiler.

The first combustion gas and the second combustion gas are discharged at an angle having a predetermined direction through the through hole 52 to form turbulent flow. In addition, the third air supply unit 80, which supplies air to the second combustion chamber 70, is also supplied in a direction corresponding to a moving direction of the first combustion gas and the second combustion gas supplied to the second combustion chamber 70, and thus, the first air is supplied to the second combustion chamber 70. And the mixing degree of the second combustion gas and air is further improved.

Thereafter, the first and second combustion gases supplied to the second combustion chamber 70 are combusted. Combustion in the second combustion chamber 70 may be through a separate ignition or may be based on its own heat that the first and second combustion gases have or combustion heat delivered from the first combustion chamber 50.

As described above, since the third combustion gas generated by burning the first and second combustion gases in the first combustion chamber 50 and the second combustion chamber 70 is discharged through the chimney 90, the emission of air pollutants in the boiler is reduced. It becomes possible.

In addition, the heat of combustion of the first combustion chamber 50, the heat of combustion of the second combustion chamber 70, and the heat of the third combustion gas discharged through the chimney 90 have a large area with the hot water pipe 100 disposed in the main body 10. The hot water pipe 100 is heated at a high speed to transfer heat by contact. In other words, it is possible to heat the water with a small amount of heat, but very effective using wood powder or wood chips as fuel, it is possible to supply the generated hot water to the building as heating water or hot water.

Meanwhile, in the present specification, the fuel supply unit 20 is separately installed outside the boiler to supply fuel through the fuel injection pipe 28, but the fuel supply unit 20 is embedded in the boiler and the hopper 22 is external. It can also be configured to be exposed to.

As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof.

Therefore, the exemplary embodiments described above are to be understood as illustrative and not restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and the meaning and scope of the claims and All changes or modifications derived from the equivalent concept should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a view showing a fuel supply unit and a first air supply unit used in the boiler shown in FIG.

3 is a view showing a second air supply unit shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a lower portion of the first combustion chamber and a second air supply unit illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an upper portion of the first combustion chamber illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber illustrated in FIG. 1.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

10: main body 11: safety valve

13: drain valve 15: inlet

17: outlet 19: supplemental water supply port

20: fuel supply unit 22: hopper

24: feed screw 26: feed feeder

28: fuel injection pipe 30: the first air supply unit

40: second air supply 42: nozzle

50: first combustion chamber 52: through hole

54: Ignition zone 56: viewing window

60: discharge part 70: second combustion chamber

72: cooling unit 80: third air supply unit

90: chimney 92: damper

100: hot water pipe

Claims (5)

In boilers using coal, solids containing wood or wood as fuel, A main body; A fuel supply unit supplying fuel to the main body; A first air supply unit connected to the fuel supply unit and injecting air to inject the fuel and air into the main body; A second air supply unit for introducing air into the main body through the lower side of the main body; A first combustion chamber supplied with the fuel and air through the first and second air supply units to combust the first combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel and the fuel, and having a plurality of through holes; A discharge part through which ash of the fuel combusted in the first combustion chamber is discharged; A second combustion chamber configured to receive a first combustion gas not combusted in the first combustion chamber and a second combustion gas generated by the combustion of the first combustion gas through the through hole; A third air supply unit configured to inject air into the second combustion chamber so that the first and second combustion gases are combusted in the second combustion chamber; A chimney for discharging third combustion gas generated by combustion of the first and second combustion gases; And A hot water pipe for supplying hot water by heating the internal water by any one or two of the heat of combustion of the fuel, the heat of combustion of the first combustion gas, the heat of combustion of the second combustion gas, and the heat of the third combustion gas; Boiler comprising. The method of claim 1, A plurality of nozzles are formed in the second air supply unit, The nozzle is characterized in that the diameter of the nozzle formed in the vicinity of the outer circumferential surface is larger than the vicinity of the center. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The through hole, Boiler, characterized in that any one or two of the first combustion gas, the second combustion gas that is not combusted is formed to be discharged with a direction of a certain angle. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The air introduced through the third air input unit is characterized in that the boiler is introduced with a certain angle of direction. The method of claim 3, wherein Air introduced through the third air inlet, The air introduced through the third air input unit is characterized in that the boiler is introduced with a certain angle of direction.

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