KR20080014359A - Method for manufacturing aluminium liner of vehicle - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing aluminium liner of vehicle Download PDF

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KR20080014359A
KR20080014359A KR1020060075940A KR20060075940A KR20080014359A KR 20080014359 A KR20080014359 A KR 20080014359A KR 1020060075940 A KR1020060075940 A KR 1020060075940A KR 20060075940 A KR20060075940 A KR 20060075940A KR 20080014359 A KR20080014359 A KR 20080014359A
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aluminum
liner
manufacturing
liners
engine
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KR1020060075940A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100828803B1 (en
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박훈모
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현대자동차주식회사
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/003Aluminium alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/02Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacturing integrated aluminum liners for light engine blocks using hypereutectic Al-Si alloys is provided to obtain light-weighted compact engine structures, and enable the integrated cylindrical liners to be applied to both aluminum blocks and magnesium blocks by integrally manufacturing individual cylindrical liners using hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. A method of manufacturing an integrated aluminum liner for a light engine block using a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy comprises the steps of: providing an A390 alloy(Al-17%Si-4Cu) workpiece; manufacturing a mold having a cavity that is capable of forming a structure while outer diameter surfaces of four cylindrical liners for in-line 4 cylinder engines or three liners arranged at left and right sides of V6 type engines come in contact with one another; injecting molten A390 alloy(Al-17%Si-4Cu) into the cavity of the mold by gas pressure; and integrally manufacturing respective cylindrical liners by the mold to obtain an aluminum liner, and disposing the aluminum liner in an aluminum block high pressure casting equipment to integrally form the aluminum liner on an aluminum cylinder block.

Description

과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법{Method for manufacturing aluminium liner of vehicle}Method for manufacturing integrated aluminum liner for lightweight engine block using over-process aluminum-sil alloy {Method for manufacturing aluminum liner of vehicle}

도 1은 엔진블록 인터보어부 구조를 보여주는 개략도,1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the engine block interbore;

도 2는 과공정 Al-Si 재질별 미세조직을 나타내는 현미경 사진,Figure 2 is a micrograph showing the microstructure of the over-process Al-Si material,

도 3은 본 발명 및 기존의 알루미늄 라이너를 설명하는 개략도,3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the present invention and a conventional aluminum liner,

도 4는 알루미늄 라이너 보어면 습동면 모식도.Figure 4 is a schematic view of the aluminum liner bore surface sliding surface.

본 발명은 과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 자동차 엔진 경량화를 위하여 그 요구가 증가하고 있는 알루미늄 라이너의 형태와 제조공정에 관한 것으로서, 현재 직렬형 또는 V형 엔진의 각 연소실마다 독립적인 원통형 형태를 가지고 있는 알루미늄 라이너 구조를 인접한 연소실끼리 3개 혹은 4개의 단위로 일체화 함으로써, 엔진 전장 길이를 축소하여 엔진 컴팩트화 및 경량화 달성할 수 있고, 인터보어부 의 열부하 감소, 엔진블록 전체의 강성 향상 및 알루미늄 엔진블록 고압주조시 라이너 치수 안정성 등을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an integrated aluminum liner for a lightweight engine block using an over-process Al-Si alloy, and more particularly, to a form and a manufacturing process of an aluminum liner, which is increasing in demand for lightening an automobile engine. By integrating the aluminum liner structure, which has an independent cylindrical shape for each combustion chamber of the in-line or V-type engine, into three or four units of adjacent combustion chambers, the engine length can be shortened to achieve engine compactness and light weight. Method for manufacturing integrated aluminum liner for lightweight engine block using over-processed Al-Si alloy to reduce thermal load of interbore part, improve stiffness of entire engine block and improve dimensional stability of aluminum engine block under high pressure casting will be.

자동차 주요 부품인 엔진블록은 최근 연비 및 환경개선, 차량 전후 무게비 최적화에 의한 주행성능 개선 때문에 경량화를 끊임없이 요구받고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 엔진 고출력화 및 레이아웃 최적화에 대응하기 위한 강성 확보 및 소형화(컴팩트화)를 요구받고 있다. The engine block, a major automobile component, is constantly being demanded to be lightweight due to the improvement of fuel efficiency and environment, and the improvement of driving performance by optimizing the weight ratio before and after the vehicle.In addition, the engine block has secured rigidity and miniaturization (compact size) to cope with high engine power and layout optimization. Is being asked.

엔진블록의 주요치수를 결정하는 것은 실린더 보어경, 스트로크 길이, 및 인터보어 간격이며, 특히 인터보어 간격은 라이너 두께와 라이너 사이의 블록부 살두께를 합한 보어 사이의 간격으로서, 이 간격이 작을수록 엔진이 컴팩트 해지지만 헤드가스켓의 기밀성 유지와 엔진 고출력화에 따른 인터보어부 열부하에 대응하기 위한 국부적인 냉각수 통로 형성을 위하여 최소 6mm이상의 간격 확보가 필요하다.The main dimensions of the engine block are the cylinder bore diameter, the stroke length, and the interbore spacing. In particular, the interbore spacing is the spacing between the bore, which is the sum of the liner thickness and the thickness of the block portion between the liners. Although the engine becomes compact, at least 6 mm clearance is required to maintain the airtightness of the head gasket and to form a local coolant passage to cope with the heat load of the interbore due to the high output of the engine.

기존에는 실린더 블록이 열적으로 안정된 주철 주조물로 되어 있었으나, 경량화에 대한 요구로 가솔린 엔진에 대해 엔진 블록을 알루미늄 재질로 대부분 대체되고 있으며, 제조 공정도 중력 주조에서 생산성이 높은 다이캐스팅법을 적용하고 있는 추세이나 생산량이 많지 않은 경우에는 시설 및 생산이 쉽고 단순하며 주조품질이 우수한 저압주조 방식도 쓰이고 있다.In the past, cylinder blocks were made of thermally stable cast iron castings, but for gasoline engines, most engine blocks were replaced with aluminum for gasoline engines, and the manufacturing process also applied a high-productivity die casting method in gravity casting. However, if the production volume is not high, the low pressure casting method, which is easy and simple to produce and has excellent casting quality, is used.

알루미늄 블록에는 주철제 라이너 또는 알루미늄 라이너를 적용하고 있는데, 최근 경량화의 중요성과 보어부 열변형 및 열전도성의 문제로 알루미늄 라이너의 적용이 증가하고 있다.Cast iron liners or aluminum liners are applied to aluminum blocks. Recently, the application of aluminum liners is increasing due to the importance of weight reduction and the problems of bore heat deformation and thermal conductivity.

지금까지 주로 적용되고 있는 알루미늄 라이너의 사례는 아래의 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 정리할 수 있으나, 고압주조공정에 주로 적용가능하고 생산원가를 저감할 수 있으며, 엔진 구조의 경량화/컴팩트화를 함께 달성할 수 있는 기술의 정립이 필요한 실정이다. Cases of aluminum liners, which are mainly applied so far, can be summarized as shown in Table 1 below, but they are mainly applicable to high pressure casting processes, can reduce production costs, and achieve lightweight / compact engine structures. It is necessary to establish the technology that can be used.

Figure 112006057411121-PAT00001
Figure 112006057411121-PAT00001

엔진 블록 경량화/컴팩트화에 주로 영향을 미치는 주요치수 중 하나인 인터보어 간격은 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 실린더헤드의 가스켓 기밀성 유지 및 엔진고출력화에 따른 인터보어부 열부하에 대응하기 위하여 최소 6mm이상의 간격 확보가 필요하다.Interbore spacing, one of the main dimensions mainly affecting engine block weight / compactness, is at least 6 mm in order to maintain the gasket airtightness of the cylinder head and to cope with thermal load due to high engine power as shown in FIG. 1. It is necessary to secure the above gap.

따라서 현재 알루미늄 엔진블록에 적용되고 있는 원통형 알루미늄 라이너의 경우 8.5mm∼11mm의 간격을 확보하고 있는 반면, 저압주조로 인터보어부 일체화 구조를 모노블록의 경우는 6∼6.5mm의 간격을 확보하고 있다.Therefore, the cylindrical aluminum liner currently applied to the aluminum engine block secures a gap of 8.5 mm to 11 mm, while the interbore integrated structure is secured by low pressure casting, and the mono block has a gap of 6 to 6.5 mm. .

이에, 본 발명은 엔진블록의 인터보어부 간격을 최소화하고, 엔진블록 구조 중 주요부위에만 고급소재를 적용하여 고압 주조공정이 가능하도록 한 알루미늄 라이너의 제조 방법을 제공하고자 한 것으로서, 원통형 알루미늄 라이너와 알루미늄 모노블록에 사용되고 있는 과공정 Al-Si 합금을 이용하여 개개의 원통형 라이너를 일체형 구조로 제조함으로써, 엔진 경량화를 위한 알루미늄 라이너의 적용 이유를 단순한 밀도 차이에 두는 것이 아니라, 엔진구조의 경량화/컴팩트화를 이룰 수 있고, 현 양산중인 알루미늄 블록에 적용하고 차후 경량 엔진블록으로 주목받는 마그네슘 블록에도 적용할 수 있는 과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an aluminum liner that minimizes the interbore spacing of the engine block, and enables high pressure casting process by applying a high-quality material to only the major parts of the engine block structure. By manufacturing individual cylindrical liners in one-piece structure using over-processed Al-Si alloys used in aluminum monoblocks, the reason for the application of aluminum liners for lighter engines is not a simple difference in density, but a lighter / compact engine structure. To provide a method for manufacturing an integrated aluminum liner for a lightweight engine block using an over-processed Al-Si alloy that can be applied to an aluminum block in mass production and to a magnesium block that is attracting attention as a lightweight engine block in the future. There is this.

상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은 A390합금(Al-17%Si-4Cu) 소재의 제공 단계와; 직렬 4기통 엔진의 원통형 라이너 4개 또는 V6형 엔진의 좌/우 각 편측에 배열되는 라이너 3개를 그 외경면끼리 접촉되면서 하나의 구조물이 될 수 있는 캐비티를 갖는 금형의 제작 단계와; 상기 금형의 캐비티에 A390합금(Al-17%Si-4Cu)을 용융시킨 용탕을 상기 금형의 캐비티로 가스압에 의하여 주입하는 단계와; 상기 금형에 의하여 각 원통형 라이너가 일체로 제작된 알루미늄 라이너를 알루미늄 블록 고압 주조 장치에 배치하여 알루미늄 실린더블록에 일체가 되도록 한 단계를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법을 제공한다.The present invention for achieving the above object comprises the steps of providing an A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu) material; Manufacturing a mold having four cylindrical liners of the in-line four-cylinder engine or three liners arranged on each side of the left and right sides of the V6-type engine, the outer diameters of which are in contact with each other to form a structure; Injecting a melt of A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu) into the cavity of the mold by gas pressure into the cavity of the mold; Light-weight engine using an over-processed Al-Si alloy, characterized in that it comprises the step of placing the aluminum liner made of the cylindrical liner integrally by the mold in an aluminum block high-pressure casting apparatus to be integrated into the aluminum cylinder block. Provided is a method of manufacturing an integrated aluminum liner for a block.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부도면을 참조로 상세하게 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

첨부한 도 3은 본 발명 및 기존의 알루미늄 라이너를 비교하여 설명하는 개략도이다.3 is a schematic view for comparing the present invention and the existing aluminum liner.

본 발명에 따른 알루미늄 라이너는 A390 합금 소재를 이용한 것으로서, 지금까지 주로 쓰이고 있는 급속응고법에 의한 원통형 알루미늄 라이너의 재질에 비해 알루미늄과의 열팽창 차이가 적으므로 보어 변형 및 잔류응력 측면에서 유리할 뿐만 아니라, 도 4에 나타낸 바와 같이 액상에서 정출한 초정 Si 입자는 라이너 표면에서 습동면 형성 및 내마모성 향상의 주요 역할을 할 수 있다.The aluminum liner according to the present invention uses an A390 alloy material, and is less advantageous in terms of bore deformation and residual stress because the difference in thermal expansion with aluminum is smaller than that of the cylindrical aluminum liner by the rapid solidification method. As shown in Fig. 4, the primary Si particles crystallized in the liquid phase may play a major role in improving the sliding surface formation and wear resistance at the liner surface.

한편, 저압주조 방식은 한 가지 용융금속을 형틀의 하부에서 저압으로 서서히 주입하여 응고시키는 기술로서, 이러한 저압주조 방식은 주로 주조결함과 산화물 등의 이물질이 혼입이 적고, 정밀한 주조품의 제조가 가능하므로 엔진블록, 실린더 헤드, 차륜 등의 제조에 주로 이용되고 있다.On the other hand, the low pressure casting method is a technique of slowly injecting one molten metal at a low pressure from the bottom of the mold to solidify it. It is mainly used for the manufacture of engine blocks, cylinder heads, wheels and the like.

먼저, 직렬 4기통 엔진의 원통형 라이너 4개 또는 V6형 엔진의 좌/우 각 편 측에 배열되는 라이너 3개를 그 외경면끼리 접촉되면서 하나의 구조물이 될 수 있는 캐비티를 갖는 금형을 제작한다.First, a mold having four cavities of a four-cylinder liner or three liners arranged on each side of the left and right sides of a V6 engine is in contact with its outer diameter surfaces to form a cavity.

이어서, 상기 금형의 캐비티에 A390합금(Al-17%Si-4Cu)을 용융시킨 용탕, 즉 저압주조 장치의 도가니에 충진된 용탕을 상기 금형의 캐비티로 가스압에 의하여 주입한다.Subsequently, a molten metal obtained by melting A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu) into the cavity of the mold, that is, a molten metal filled into the crucible of the low pressure casting apparatus, is injected into the cavity of the mold by gas pressure.

다음으로, 상기 금형에 의하여 각 원통형 라이너가 일체로 제작된 알루미늄 라이너를 탈형한 다음, 알루미늄 블록 고압 주조 장치내에 배치한다.Next, the aluminum liner in which each cylindrical liner is integrally manufactured by the mold is demolded, and then placed in an aluminum block high pressure casting apparatus.

이에, 상기 고압 주조 장치에서 성형 제작되는 알루미늄 실린더 블록에 상기 알루미늄 라이너가 일체가 되며 실린더 블록의 제작이 이루어진다.Thus, the aluminum liner is integrally formed with the aluminum cylinder block formed by the high pressure casting apparatus, and the cylinder block is manufactured.

현재 알루미늄 엔진블록에 적용되고 있는 원통형 알루미늄 라이너의 경우에는 인터보어부가 라이너와 알루미늄 블록으로 나뉘어 구성되므로, 8.5mm∼11mm의 간격을 확보하고 있는 반면, 본 발명에 따르면 인터보어부가 과공정 Al-Si재질로 일체화 구조를 이루어 6∼6.5mm의 간격으로 충분하므로 엔진블록 전체 길이를 직렬 4기통이나 V8기통의 경우라면 7.5mm이상, V6의 경우라면 5mm이상 줄일 수 있다.In the case of the cylindrical aluminum liner currently applied to the aluminum engine block, since the interbore portion is divided into a liner and an aluminum block, an interval of 8.5 mm to 11 mm is secured, while according to the present invention, the interbore portion is over-processed Al-Si. The integrated structure is made of material, so the gap of 6 ~ 6.5mm is sufficient, so the overall length of the engine block can be reduced by more than 7.5mm in case of 4 series cylinders or V8 cylinder, and more than 5mm in case of V6.

이는, 엔진블록만의 길이 축소를 의미하는 것이 아니고, 엔진블록에 부속되는 크랭크샤프트, 베드플레이트, 캠샤프트, 실린더헤드와 같은 모든 부품의 길이 축소를 의미하므로 그 경량화 효과와 엔진 컴팩트화 효과는 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.This does not mean the length reduction of the engine block alone, but the length reduction of all parts such as the crankshaft, bedplate, camshaft, and cylinder head, which are attached to the engine block. It can be said to be large.

또한, 본 발명의 알루미늄 라이너 제조 공정 자체가 기개발된 품질 안정적인 양산공정과 소재를 활용하며, 기 운용중인 엔진블록 주요 양산공정인 고압주조공정 과 시설에 큰 부하를 주지 않고 적용 가능하다는 것이 큰 특징이라 할 수 있다.In addition, the aluminum liner manufacturing process of the present invention utilizes the previously developed quality stable mass production process and materials, and can be applied without high load to the high pressure casting process and facilities, which are the main mass production processes of the engine block. This can be called.

또한, 이러한 과공정 Al-Si 일체화 구조는 인터보어부의 열부하에 대하여 기존 재질에 비해 유리하고, 엔진 고출력화 및 레이아웃 최적화에 대응하기 위한 엔진블록 전체의 강성 및 알루미늄 엔진블록 고압주조시 필요한 라이너 치수 안정성 등을 향상시킬 수 있다.In addition, the over-processed Al-Si integrated structure is advantageous over the existing material against the thermal load of the interbore, and the rigidity of the entire engine block and the liner dimension stability required for high pressure casting of the aluminum engine block to cope with high engine power and layout optimization. Etc. can be improved.

한편, 상기한 본 발명은 통상적인 고압주조에 의한 알루미늄 블록 제조 공정에 적용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 냉각수와의 내식성을 강화하는 표면처리법이 적용된 마그네슘 엔진블록 제조공정에도 적용 가능하다.On the other hand, the present invention can be applied not only to the conventional aluminum block manufacturing process by high pressure casting, but also to the magnesium engine block manufacturing process to which the surface treatment method is applied to enhance the corrosion resistance with the cooling water.

이상에서 본 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 알루미늄 라이너의 제조 방법에 의하면, 일반적인 직렬4기통 엔진의 경우라면 원통형의 라이너 4개를, V6형 엔진의 경우라면 좌/우 각 편측에 대하여 3개의 라이너를 하나의 구조물로 연결되도록 일반적인 모노블록 소재인 A390합금 (Al-17%Si-4Cu)으로 저압주조하여 일체화 제조한 후, 알루미늄 블록 고압주조시 알루미늄 라이너를 적용함으로써, 엔진 블록 인터보어부 구조를 기존의 라이너/블록과 같은 이종 구조가 아닌 라이너만의 일체 구조로 하여 엔진블록의 전체길이를 축소할 수 있고, 그에 따라 엔진 경량화 및 컴팩트화, 인터보어부의 열부하 감소, 엔진블록 전체의 강성 향상 및 알루미늄 엔진블록 고압주조시 라이너 치수 안정성 등을 향상시킬 수 있다.As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the aluminum liner according to the present invention, in the case of a general four-cylinder engine, four cylindrical liners are used, and in the case of the V6 engine, three liners are provided on each of left and right sides. After integrally manufacturing by low pressure casting with A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu), which is a general monoblock material, to be connected as a structure, by applying aluminum liner during high pressure casting of aluminum block, the existing engine block interbore structure The overall structure of the engine block can be reduced by the integrated structure of the liner instead of the heterogeneous structure such as the liner / block of the engine. Accordingly, the engine light weight and compactness can be reduced, the heat load of the interbore portion, the rigidity of the entire engine block, and the aluminum It can improve the dimensional stability of liner during high pressure casting of engine block.

Claims (1)

A390합금(Al-17%Si-4Cu) 소재의 제공 단계와;Providing an A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu) material; 직렬 4기통 엔진의 원통형 라이너 4개 또는 V6형 엔진의 좌/우 각 편측에 배열되는 라이너 3개를 그 외경면끼리 접촉되면서 하나의 구조물이 될 수 있는 캐비티를 갖는 금형의 제작 단계와;Manufacturing a mold having four cylindrical liners of the in-line four-cylinder engine or three liners arranged on each side of the left and right sides of the V6-type engine, the outer diameters of which are in contact with each other to form a structure; 상기 금형의 캐비티에 A390합금(Al-17%Si-4Cu)을 용융시킨 용탕을 상기 금형의 캐비티로 가스압에 의하여 주입하는 단계와;Injecting a melt of A390 alloy (Al-17% Si-4Cu) into the cavity of the mold by gas pressure into the cavity of the mold; 상기 금형에 의하여 각 원통형 라이너가 일체로 제작된 알루미늄 라이너를 알루미늄 블록 고압 주조 장치에 배치하여 알루미늄 실린더블록에 일체가 되도록 한 단계;Arranging an aluminum liner in which each cylindrical liner is integrally formed by the mold in an aluminum block high pressure casting device to be integrated in an aluminum cylinder block; 를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 과공정 Al-Si합금을 이용한 경량 엔진블록용 일체형 알루미늄 라이너 제조 방법.Integrated aluminum liner manufacturing method for lightweight engine block using over-process Al-Si alloy, characterized in that made.
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