KR20060014060A - Method for the production of individualized vehicle parts, especially individualized shell parts made from serially produced standard parts, and shell parts produced according to said method - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for producing vehicle parts, particularly shell parts for vehicles, according to which a three-dimensionally preformed semi-finished or finished standard part, especially a standard shell part, is produced for a serially manufactured vehicle type. An individualized part is then produced from the preformed standard part (1) by subsequently embossing a three-dimensional contour (2) into the standard part by means of a spike-type reshaping tool (14) which is pressed against the standard part from one side while being displaced relative to said standard part.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE PRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUALIZED VEHICLE PARTS, ESPECIALLY INDIVIDUALIZED SHELL PARTS MADE FROM SERIALLY PRODUCED STANDARD PARTS, AND SHELL PARTS PRODUCED ACCORDING TO SAID METHOD}

The present invention relates to a method for producing an outer side part of a vehicle body according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an outer side part of a vehicle body produced by the method according to claim 31.

In general, body parts such as engine hoods, fenders, roofs, side covers, trunk lids, etc. are applied from deep flat metal plates to deep drawing. Are produced by It is known that the tools used in the deep drawing process are very expensive and are only economically used to produce relatively large quantities. In addition, the plate shape produced by the deep drawing press according to the prior art is limited by the complicated plate shape. However, vehicle designers' demands for a wide range of designs are increasing, and these requirements cannot always be met by prior art deep drawing tools. Modernly designed vehicles have very prominent and partially characteristic lines or edges with very small curvature radii as well as transitions between concave and convex component parts. As a result, manufacturability is limited when the prior art deep drawing method is used.

For example, the " molding technique performed without a die " disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 uses a completely new method. According to the method, the sheet metal is molded without a die, that is, without a mold in view of the prior art. As disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1, the sheet metal material is clamped into the fixture at the edge region of the flat sheet metal material when molded without a die. For forming operations, a forming mandrel is used which is arranged perpendicular to the clamped sheet metal material and which moves in the x and y directions. The movement in the z direction can be performed by moving the sheet metal material clamped in the fixing device vertically or by a mandrel of vertical movement.

According to the basic principle disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and for forming without a die, a sheet metal material, such as an unpreformed metal sheet, is molded into a three-dimensional structured part by a forming mandrel. For this purpose, the forming mandrel is pressed against the sheet metal material. When meandering or spiraling along the entire sheet metal material, three-dimensional sheet metal parts are formed by the gradual movement of the forming mandrel. Compared to the deep drawing method of the prior art, using a molding method performed without a die is advantageous because very complicated part shapes can be provided.

According to the molding method disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and performed without a die, a serious problem arises in that the production time is very long. Large sheet metal parts having a complex shape, such as a vehicle body part of a vehicle, should be produced from a flat plate metal material by the forming method performed without a die.

According to the forming method disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and performed without a die, the deep drawing process of the prior art is performed because the forming mandrel is tortuous or spirally moved from one contour to another contour along the entire sheet metal material. In comparison, it requires a very long time. According to the deep drawing process of the prior art, it takes several seconds or several seconds to produce body parts such as an engine hood. To produce body parts by the molding method disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and performed without a die, the method may require several minutes or several hours depending on the part.

Another problem that arises during the production of complete parts by a forming method performed without a die is that the determination of the metal sheet during the progressive deformation of the sheet metal, ie the deformation of the track-by-track form. The structure varies considerably: tests have often resulted in a fairly rough structure by means of a molding process performed without a die from an initial metal plate that is flat, i.e., not preformed, for a relatively complex body part. After the sheet metal part has been produced, the sheet metal part cannot be painted immediately, and at considerable cost before the painting operation, for example, the surface is reworked, such as leveling-out and polishing or "smoothing". The roughness of the part surface is so large that it has to be done. Has, so the manufacture of charya molding process is performed without a die in the process of serial production in particular, vehicle components are is unsuccessful.

There is a problem that a vehicle having any complicated structure cannot be produced by the deep drawing method of the prior art. Another problem is that the deep drawing method is economical only for mass production starting at a certain minimum size due to the high cost of tools.

In high-end vehicles, the specific specification devices desired by a large number of buyers cannot always be met by the program for dedicated devices of the prior art. Many vehicle manufacturers offer so-called "individualized or small series vehicles" for individual vehicle types. To date, since the outer parts of the body cannot be individually designed at low cost, the vehicles with the individualized or small series with respect to the body area are no different or only slightly different from those normally produced. Compared to prior art vehicles, individualization of the vehicle is often limited to providing special materials and special colors for the interior.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method in which parts, in particular vehicle parts, in particular outer side parts for a vehicle, can be individually produced at low cost in accordance with the needs of the vehicle buyer and provide an outer side part of the vehicle body which fulfills the above requirements. To provide.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 2 and 31. Advantageous embodiments and other variations of the invention are provided in the dependent claims.

The basic principle of a molding process performed without a die is known and described in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1. Although the gist of the present invention does not relate to the method described in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1, it is evident that the entire technical content of US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 is an object of the present invention. In the course of reviewing this application, reference may be made to all features disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 or to a combination of other features of US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 or this specification. Therefore, the molding method performed without the die is not described in detail herein.

Although the following description of the present invention mainly relates to a series of outer side parts made of a metal sheet, the present invention is not limited to a workpiece made of a metal sheet. The invention is basically used for all types of components, such as components. The present invention is not limited to parts made of metal sheets. The invention can be used for workpieces made of plastics, in particular thermoplastics or other materials.

The present invention is finished using a "molding tool" that is pressed against a series of outer side parts and moves against a series of outer side parts so that the "sequence of outer side parts" is "individualized" to meet the needs of individual buyers. will be.

According to the significant difference from the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1, a series of parts specifically produced and preformed by other production methods such as deep drawing, rather than the method described in US Pat. Rework is performed. Rather than a complete series of parts, only some or several partial areas of the preformed series are reworked.

Before being installed inside the body shell, a "sequence of parts" which may already be provided as partly completed or completed bodyshell parts and which are preformed "deviated from the series of vehicles produced according to the prior art" And further pressurized by "rework" with "contour". By this method characteristic lines, writing patterns, etc. are partially completed, such as the front open hood, tailgate, door, side part, fender or roof, etc. Or is pressed into the parts of the finished bodywork shell. Also, compared to the outer side parts used for serially produced vehicles according to the prior art, the characteristic lines or part edges already formed in the series of outer side parts are redrawn or dimmed, thus becoming relatively more pronounced. . According to the above rework using a molding tool, the configuration of a series of outer side parts according to the prior art can be modified indefinitely at an unprecedented low cost. When a series of vehicles are provided as individual vehicles or in small quantities, the individualization demands of buyers of expensive vehicles can be easily met. The individualization allows the vehicle to have individual "design characteristics" and thus to be visually different from other vehicles of each vehicle type.

The already "preformed" sheet metal parts (a series of outer surfaces), unlike the production of complete metal plate parts from the initial flat metal plate material using a molding method disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and performed without a die. When reworking the components only, the problems with the surface described at the outset do not arise. To explain the reason, the crystal structure of the metal sheet is only slightly changed for "light" rework, for example when producing characteristic lines or prominently forming part structures already formed. The surface state of the constituent regions of the characteristic lines formed by reworking according to the present invention is good, so that post-treatment of the surface requiring high cost in the prior art is unnecessary. Therefore, after the parts are reworked, they go through the prior art coating process.

The invention is not limited to the production of outer side parts for vehicles or individual vehicles which are serially produced in small quantities. During the service life of these parts, vehicles are often subjected to "model update" or so-called "facelift". Within the scope of the model update, the exterior parts of the vehicle are improved to some extent or formed relatively attractively. In this case, it is necessary to purchase new pressurizing tools so far or change the prior art pressurizing tools into a new structure, which entails high cost. According to the following method, it is possible to update or rework the outer side parts of the vehicle produced by the press tools of the "prior art." By this method, the characteristic lines, the rising parts, etc. can be further modified by the "prior art". It can be pressed into the outer surface parts, allowing for "model facelift" at a relatively lower cost than using the prior art.

According to another important advantage of the present invention, the "reworking work area" can be integrated into an existing production line. A series of parts that are composed of individual vehicles or individualized vehicles are reworked in the rework work area. According to the prior art, a series of parts which are constituted in serially produced vehicles pass through the rework work area without being reworked. The rework of the invention can be provided in a separate work area outside the production line.

According to the basic principle of the method according to the invention, the contour of the three-dimensional structure is pressed into the metal plate part, for example, by a forming tool in the form of a mandrel. In the following description, the forming tool may be described as a "molding mandrel" and is not limited to a particular tool form.

During rework of the part, a “molded mandrel”, which can be configured as a point or round tip, for example, is pressed against the part. At the same time, the part and the forming mandrel generate displacement with respect to each other. The result is "shaping-in or shaping-out" or three-dimensional, depending on the shape of the end of the forming mandrel and depending on the contact pressure and depending on the clamped or supported state of the part to be worked on. A contour with a structure is formed. For example, the contour to be formed may have a recess, rise or other shape.

The present invention consists of "one curve rework" and to some extent "gradual rework".

During the "one curve rework", the forming tool used is attached to the part to be reworked, pressed against the part and continues to operate in a single motion against the part. Thus, when the forming tool moves to "pass through", a rework is performed, for example, the desired shape, such as a raised portion, characteristic line, etc., is pressed against the part.

During the "gradual rework", the molding tool moves several times for the part to be reworked. The shape, such as the raised portion formed during the first rework, is deeply shaped, ie more pronounced, by the corresponding action perpendicular to the part to be reworked during another rework. Optionally, a slight movement of the forming tool relative to the part in the transverse direction relative to the direction of movement in which the first rework is performed results in a “magnification” and a relatively more pronounced shape such as a raised portion formed by the first rework. Lose. Repeated movements along the "rework trajectory", which are meanderingly guided or closely arranged side by side, form the outside with a three-dimensional structure, like the intake channels of the "power domes" that make up the engine hood. Relatively large portions may be formed.

The main configuration of the present invention is not to produce complete vehicle parts by a molding method disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 and performed without a die. The method is time consuming and uneconomical. The subject matter of the present invention is to provide individualized or "additional" operations to individual areas of partially or finished parts, such as bodyshell parts.

Regarding the "finished" state, the bodyshell part is completed for painting and the painting work is reworked in one part area or several part areas before completion. The rework of the present invention allows for the "individualization" or differentiation of a series of outer surface parts already completed and painted. With respect to the "partially finished" state, after reworking of the present invention, for example, the surface is worked up, trimming or edging part edges, drilling holes, threading and the like. The bodyshell parts are further reworked and subsequently painted.

Prior to the rework of the present invention, a series of outer face parts or bodyshell parts are clamped in the failure device. For example, the fixing device is constituted by individual "fixing points" or "fixing parts". It is also possible to use fixing elements in the form of suction cups. The advantage of the suction cup-shaped fastening elements is that the workpiece is not clamped by the two fastening elements but is fixed by vacuum, which damages the outer surface of the body part, especially the surface of the part, during the clamping or working process. Is prevented.

The workpiece, i.e., the outer surface part of the vehicle body, is clamped before the rework so that the shape of the edge region is not changed by the rework. Connection dimensions or spacing dimensions, which are generated later when the outer side components are installed on the vehicle body, should not be changed by rework as compared to a "normally serially produced vehicle".

Depending on the complexity of the shape of the part that is to be produced "in addition" during the rework process, the outer part of the body to be produced in series may only be used by one fixture in the edge area, for example in relatively complex part shapes. One or more counterholders or support elements may be used in the contour of a three-dimensional structure with fixed or significant curved gradients, especially in relatively "sharp" edges. The counterholder or support elements are urged from the side which is arranged opposite the forming mandrel, ie arranged "from the rear" with respect to the outer surface part of the vehicle body. "Support elements" having an edge shape or curved shape may be used as the counterholder. Optionally the counterholder has the shape of a “die” having a negative shape corresponding to the contour of the three-dimensional structure. However, the counterholder does not need to be used.

If two counterholders are used, one counterholder is arranged in the direction of movement of the molding tool on the left side beside the contour on which one counterholder is to be formed, and the other counterholder on the right side beside the contour on which another counterholder is to be formed. It is preferred to be arranged. Referring to the following description, the selection or change of the mutual separation distance of the counterholders and the lateral distance of the counterholders from the shape to be produced affects the geometry.

For example, the forming mandrel has a tool tip with a smooth and convex curve. The tool tip may have a symmetrical or asymmetrical structure. The tool tip may be constituted by a rotatably arranged ball, the ball rolling on the outer side part during machining of the outer side parts produced in series, and the mechanical stress of the outer side part in the forming area. Is reduced. Alternatively, if a "rolling mandrel" is used, the tooltip may consist of a wheel or roller. Multiple mandrels or mandrels with multiple arms may be used. The forming mandrel does not need to have a rounded or curved tip. On the other hand forming mandrel having a tip with a relatively sharp edge may be used. Optionally, the tip has a flat structure, a wheel shape, a plow shape or a similar configuration to the body shape. Forming mandrels including tooltips with cutting surfaces can be used.

The forming mandrel also need not be made of steel or tool steel. Molding mandrels made of plastics, wood, ice, sand, concrete or other materials may be used. The tooltip of the forming mandrel may be cured and coated. For example, a single or multiple coating with wear resistance can be provided on the tooltip. In this case, the mandrel can be guided in six axes to the part to obtain the desired "molding result". During rework, the mandrel or the tooltip of the mandrel may be rotated or vibrated around the longitudinal axis of the mandrel.

Lubricating oil may be provided and a forming mandrel may be used. For example, a lubrication system may be integral to the forming mandrel. A lubrication system may also be arranged outside the forming mandrel. If a lubrication system is constructed, sufficient lubricating oil can be provided continuously at the location where the forming mandrel is in contact with a series of outer face parts, ie at the working point. Lubricant oil may be used as the lubricating fluid.

The tool tip of the forming mandrel can also be adjusted during the course of the work. For example, the width of the tool tip may change transverse to the direction of movement of the mandrel during the course of the work. Variable width shapes can be formed in one operation.

The speed of movement of the forming mandrel relative to the outer part of the body during the rework process need not be constant. The speed of movement may vary depending on the degree of temporary deformation of the outer side parts produced in series. At relatively small deformations, the speed of movement can be increased. When the degree of deformation is relatively large, the speed of movement can be reduced.

During the course of operation, the forming mandrel and the "workpiece" may be heated, cooled or have an ambient temperature. Outer part of a vehicle body made of metal sheet material In a workpiece mainly made of plastic material, it is advantageous to heat the forming mandrel or the tool tip of the forming mandrel while working the outer side part. When the forming mandrel is heated, heat flows into the area of the workpiece to be molded, which increases the ductility of the workpiece and facilitates the molding operation, especially for plastic parts. Optionally, during the rework process, the serially produced outer side components can be preheated or directly heated. The outer surface part may be heated by hot air, a radiator, a laser or other heating source. During the rework process, the outer surface parts of the bodywork are preheated just below the "softening temperature" of the material or to a locally suitable "molding temperature" at the point of interference by means of additional heating in the form of a heated mandrel or point. Can be heated.

Before reworking, the workpiece can be preheated by other means. For example, the workpiece is radiated, coated, etched, hardened, roughened, smoothed, polished, sprayed by a lubricating liquid or powder. It may also be preheated by sandblasting prior to rework.

The parts on the outside of the car body, which are serially produced, are completely reworked. The forming mandrel may be configured as a work tool of a CNC machine tool disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,216,508B1 or arranged on the arm of a work robot following a related program. The work area thus further comprises a tool, such as a laser cutting device, by which the outer surface part can be further trimmed.

The invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is an illustration of an outer surface part of a vehicle body including a raised portion formed by rework according to the present invention;

2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the outer surface parts of the vehicle body shown in FIG.

Figure 4 is a view showing the main body for reworking the outer surface parts of the vehicle body serially produced according to the present invention.

5 shows the basic principle for reworking in accordance with the present invention when using a die-shaped counterholder;

6 to 8 are cross-sectional views showing risers that are further pressed into the pre-assembled parts.

9-11 illustrate embodiments in which a part to be reworked is supported by the counterholder.

12 is a schematic diagram showing a virtual motion of a forming tool.

13 shows an embodiment where the front open hood is reworked.

Fig. 14 shows a counterholder in die form.

* Symbol description *

1 ...... Outer part 2 ....

3 ...... fixing device

The outer surface part 1 of the vehicle body produced in series is shown in FIG. The outer side component 1 is an "outer door surface". A raised portion 2 is "additionally" constituted within the outer surface part 1 of the metallic material described with reference to the drawings below.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the outer side surface component 1 of FIG. 1 along an intersection line A-A. The raised portion 2 has a length l and a depth t. The depth t of the riser 2 decreases toward the ends of the riser 2 with the maximum value in the region where the z-axis of FIG. 2 is formed.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the outer surface part 1 along the intersection line B-B of FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 3, the riser 2 has a relatively sharp edge. Characteristic lines formed prominently in FIG. 3 are difficult or impossible to produce by the prior art deep-drawing method.

Referring to FIG. 4, a rework of the outer side component 1 is shown schematically. The produced outer side part 1 is clamped inside or fixed to the fixing device 3 not shown in the drawing. In the embodiment shown, the outer side component 1 is fixed to the fixing device 3 only in the edge regions of the outer side component. Next, a shaping mandrel 4 is guided on the outer surface part 1 and pressurized to a predetermined contact pressure against the outer surface part 1. Next, the forming mandrel 4 moves with respect to the outer side part 1 along the arrow 5. At the same time, the " attachment movement " of the forming mandrel 4 is performed with respect to the outer side part 1, and by means of the tip 6 of the forming mandrel 4, the raised portion 2 causes the outer side part. (1) It is pressurized inside.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 5, a reaction pressure is applied by a counterholder 7 in the form of a die from the side of the outer surface part 1 which is arranged facing the forming mandrel 4. Therefore, the outer surface part 1 is supported by the counter holder 7, so that the outline of the sharp edge portion can be produced without a problem as shown in FIG. The die-shaped counterholder 7 may be a dedicated tool according to the part or may be provided as a "universal tool" and may be used to individualize other outer side parts.

6 to 8 show different cross-sectional views of the raised part 2 further pressed into the outer part 1 along the lines A-A, B-B and C-C, respectively.

6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the intersection line A-A. With reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the prominently shaped raised part 2 is further pressed into the outer side part 1, with the "tip" of the raised part 2 being slightly It is made roundly.

FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B, in which the rising portion 2 is configured to be relatively small. In comparison with FIG. 6B, the "tip" of the riser 2 has a relatively large radius of curvature.

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C, wherein the riser 2 is configured to be relatively large. Similar to FIG. 6B, the "tip" of the riser 2 has a relatively small radius of curvature.

Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the outer side part 1 is supported from the side by two counterholders 8, 9 having the same width during reworking, and the side is the forming mandrel ( 4) are arranged to face each other. The contour 1 ′ of the outer face part formed before rework is shown. The tip formed on the forming mandrel 4 of FIG. 9 is more prominently constructed than the tip of the forming mandrel 4 shown in FIG. 10. The counterholder 8 is arranged at a distance L1 from the "center" of the riser or from the tip of the forming mandrel 4. The counterholder 9 is arranged at a distance L2. The counterholders 8, 9 thus have a distance L3 equal to the sum of the distance L1 and the distance L2. The distance L1 is smaller than the distance L2. Therefore, a support action is formed asymmetrically with respect to the position of the tip formed in the forming mandrel 4. By changing the distances L1, L2, L3, the supporting state or clamping-in state of the outer surface part 1 and the shape of the rising part can be changed.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 10, the width of the counter holder 8 is larger than the width of the counter holder 9. Since the distance L1 is only slightly larger than the distance L2, the support action takes place with only a slight asymmetry with respect to the tip of the forming mandrel 4. Compared to FIG. 9, the tip of the forming mandrel 4 of FIG. 10 has a relatively obtuse angle, resulting in a relatively less pronounced rise.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 11, the counterholders 8, 9 have a relatively small distance L3. As a result, as shown in the figure, a relatively large deformation is formed and a relatively large rise is formed.

Referring to FIG. 12, the movement path of the forming mandrel relative to the outer side part 1, for example an engine hood, is shown, with two characteristic lines 2a and 2b pressed into the outer side part 1. do. From a point 10 in space described herein as the "starting point" of the molding tool, the molding tool (not shown in the figure) is first lowered into the outer surface part 1. Since the forming tool is pressed against the outer surface part 1 while a suitable contact pressure is applied, the forming tool moves along the characteristic line 2a. After the characteristic line 2a is formed, the forming tool is raised to reach the space point 11. From the point 11, the forming tool moves to the point 12 in space. Subsequently, the molding tool is lowered back to the outer surface part 1 and moves along the characteristic line 2b. After the characteristic line 2b is formed, the forming tool is raised to reach the space point 13.

Referring to FIG. 13, the outer side component 1 of FIG. 12, such as the engine hood, is shown after the characteristic lines 2a, 2b are formed. Further, according to the same method, the raised portion 2c formed at the center is pressed into the metal plate member of the engine hood, and the raised portion 2c protrudes upward from the engine hood as in the configuration of FIGS. 6 to 8.

The die 14 shown in FIG. 14 is used to shape the raised portion, such as the raised portion 2c of FIG. Specifically, the die 14 is pressed against the outer surface part (not shown in the figure) from the side arranged facing the forming tool 4. The die 14 is provided to partially support the loads exerted by the forming tool 4 on the outer side component 1. Similar to FIG. 14, the die 14 is formed in a U shape, that is, in an open shape at the side. Optionally, die 14 is provided in a closed configuration to correspond to a plate having an elliptical hole. The present invention is not limited to a particular die form but relates to all die forms. As shown in FIG. 14, the inner edge of the die 14 is configured to be flat in the diagonal direction toward the inside in the "inflow area" of the forming tool 4. In the transverse region 16 of the die 14 the inner edge is arranged perpendicular to the support surfaces 17, 18 of the die 14, the support surfaces 17, 18 being the outer surface parts during rework. The pressure applied by the shaping tool in the process is pressed against the inner edge "from the rear" with respect to 1) and is supported by the inner edge. In order to complete the outer side component, the movement path 19 of the forming tool extends centrally to the two legs that make up the die 14.

Claims (33)

In the method for producing the outer surface parts of the vehicle body, in which the outer surface parts (1), which are pre-molded, completed or partially completed, and serially produced in a three-dimensional structure, are provided for the vehicle model manufactured in the serial production process, A molding tool in the form of a molding mandrel, in which individualized parts are provided from a series of preformed outer side parts 1, pressed against the outer side part 1 from one side and simultaneously moving with respect to the outer side part 1. Using (4), the contour (2) of the three-dimensional structure is further pressed in the outer side component (1). 2. The outer side part of the vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein a metal plate is first provided, and the outer side parts of the vehicle body produced from the outer side parts 1 and the outer side parts 1 are parts of sheet metal. How to. 2. The production of the outer surface parts of a vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is initially provided, and the outer surface parts of the vehicle body produced from the outer surface parts 1 and the outer surface parts 1 are plastic parts. Way. 4. A method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a thermoplastic material is first provided. The method according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface part 1, which is produced in series by a fixing device, is fixed in the edge region of the outer surface part 1 while being molded using the molding tool 4 in the form of a forming mandrel. A method for producing parts of the outer surface of a vehicle body, characterized in that. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the fastening device has a plurality of fastening points. 7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fixing points are constituted by a fixing element in the form of a suction cup and secure the series of components by vacuum. 8. A part according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during the forming process a series of outer side parts (1) are fixed by means of the molding tool (4) using fasteners only in the edge area and in the intermediate part component area. A method for producing an outer side part of a vehicle body, characterized in that it is not supported or fixed. 8. The counter according to claim 5, wherein the series of outer face parts 1 is fixed by means of fasteners during shaping by means of the shaping tool 4 in the form of a mandrel, and in the intermediate part area counter. Produces the outer side parts of the vehicle body, characterized in that the counter holder is arranged at the side of the outer side parts 1 which are supported at least at one point by the holder 7 and arranged to face the forming tool 4. How to. 10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the counterholder (7) is provided as a die-shaped component and is configured as a negative mold with respect to the contour of the three-dimensional structure to be formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tool (4) in the form of a mandrel has a smooth and convex curved tool tip. 12. The tool tip according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a tool tip configured on the forming tool 4 is provided by a ball which is rotatably arranged, the ball being said outer surface during production of the outer side component 1. A method for producing an outer side part of a vehicle body, characterized by rolling motion on the part (1). 13. The tool tip according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the forming tool 4 in the form of a mandrel has an adjustable tool tip, the width of the tool tip being configured transverse to the direction of movement of the forming tool 4 A method for producing the outer side parts of a vehicle body, characterized in that it changes with respect to the outer side parts (1) during the process. 14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tool is heated at least in the component area of the tool tip while the outer side component (1) is being molded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface part (1) is heated by a heating source during the forming process. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tool is rotated around the longitudinal axis of the forming tool while the outer surface component (1) is being molded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mandrel oscillates around the longitudinal axis of the forming tool while the outer side component (1) is being molded. 18. The outer side part of a vehicle body according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the linear characteristic contours according to the design are pressed in the outer side part (1) by means of the forming tool (4) in the form of a mandrel. Method for producing 19. An outer side part of a vehicle body according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 5 to 18, wherein the outer side part is provided by a press part produced by a tool in the form of a mold. Method for production. 20. An outer side part of a vehicle body according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 5 to 19, wherein the outer side part is provided by a part of a metal sheet produced by deep drawing. Method for production. 21. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contours formed in the outer side parts are reworked by the forming tool 4 to be redrawn or dipped. Way. 22. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer side component (1) is a front open hood, tailgate, door, side section, fender or roof. Way. 23. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tool (4) is arranged on the arm of the robot. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming tool (4) is part of a CNC machine tool. 25. The tool according to one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the mandrel-shaped forming tool 4 is rotated around the longitudinal axis while the outer side component 1 is being worked on, and the tip and outer side component 1 of the forming tool A method for producing an outer surface part of a vehicle body, characterized in that a contact frictional form of contact is formed therebetween. 26. A connecting part according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein in the edge region of the outer part during the forming process, the connecting part is formed while the geometry of the outer part is invariant with the initial state and is later installed into the body shell of the vehicle. A method for producing the outer side parts of a vehicle body, characterized in that the outer side parts (1) are fixed such that the values of the gaps are invariant with the initial state of the outer side parts. 27. The contour (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contour (2) of the three-dimensional structure, which is further configured in the outer side component (1), is formed by a single pass of the molding tool (4). Method for producing the outer side parts of the body. 27. The contour 2 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contour 2 of the three-dimensional structure, which is further configured in the outer surface part 1, is formed by the repetitive movement or incremental action of the molding tool 4. A method for producing an outer surface part of a vehicle body, characterized in that. 29. The vehicle body according to claim 28, wherein the forming tool (4) acts from the one rework passing motion provided perpendicularly to the outer surface part (1) to the next rework passing motion to deepen the contour. Method for producing the outer side parts of the. 30. The forming tool according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the forming tool 4 in the form of a mandrel is transverse to the direction of movement of the forming tool 4 from one rework passing motion to the next. A method for producing an outer surface part of a vehicle body, characterized in that it is enlarged. An outer side part of a vehicle body produced from a series of outer side parts (1) according to one of the preceding claims. 32. The outer side component of a vehicle body according to claim 31, wherein said outer side component (1) is made of a sheet metal. 32. The outer side component of a vehicle body according to claim 31, wherein the outer side component (1) is made of a plastic material.

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