KR20050112073A - Small arm having a locked breech - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a small arm having a locked breech. Said breech comprises a bolt head (11; 111) and a bolt head carrier (13; 113), whereby the bolt head (11; 111) is passed through by a locking block (25; 125), which can move transversal to the direction of motion of the breech and which interlocks with locking projections over a large area when in the locking position. The invention also relates to the breech itself for this small arm.

Description

Small firearms {SMALL ARM HAVING A LOCKED BREECH}

The present invention relates to a small firearm having a locked breech and to the gun itself itself (preamble of claim 1).

This tail has a bolt head and a bolt head carrier.

This total tail must be particularly compact but must be able to withstand high recoil.

For this reason, the total tail has a locking bolt that can move across the direction of motion of the total tail and engage the locking projection over the large area in the locked position (claim 1).

In particular, the present invention has a rigid barrel having a chamber, a bolt head that can be locked against the barrel, and a bolt head carrier on which the tail closure spring is supported and movable relative to the bolt head, wherein the bolt head is placed on the bolt head carrier. When locked, a strong additional spring, on which a heavy weight head carrier is supported, is directed to a lockable semi-automatic weapon disposed between the bolt head carrier and the bolt head (the preamble of claim 2).

As used herein, a position term such as “up” always refers to the normal firing position of the semi-automatic firearm in the case of a horizontal firing direction extending “front”.

Semi-automatic firearms with sensitive cartridge cases, in particular semi-automatic shotguns, have problems, in particular due to the extremely small resistance of the cartridge to residual gas pressure during loading of the weapon. In the case of semi-automatic shotguns, there is an additional problem in that cartridges of the same dimensions can have an extremely wide variety of charges representing various residual gas pressure values.

In another aspect, many semi-automatic rifle have gun tails that tend to open when the projectile is still in the barrel or the gas pressure has not yet been sufficiently reduced.

For semi-automatic guns such as shotguns or semi-automatic pistols equipped for use with large cartridges and / or semi-automatic pistols with long barrels, some residual gas pressure can explode or rupture most cartridge cases when the tail is opened. This residual gas pressure is inevitable, for example in simple semi-automatic pistols with blowback breeches. However, even locked recoil-operated guns still have residual gas pressure when the gun tail is opened which some shotgun cartridge cases do not correspond to. Reaction-operated semi-automatic rifles equipped for use with weak cartridges also create restraints that can be attributed to increased residual gas pressure in the case of fairly large ammunition.

Shotgun cartridge cases are already made entirely of metal. However, because of their high price and weight, they are generally not successful.

Another problem is that the shotgun cartridge case has a small tensile stress capacity in its longitudinal direction. In the case of a low cost shotgun cartridge case having a metal base and made of cardboard, the metal base in the cartridge is separated from other parts of the case. The low cone shape of shotgun cartridges supports this trend.

For about a hundred years, the recoil-operated system, with the barrel and closed tail first recoil over the complete recoil distance, and in the process almost completely relieved of pressure (Browning, Walter), has been proven with a shotgun. come. The tail is then held fixed in the rearmost position and the barrel is delayed by the force of the spring and guided forward relatively slowly. The cartridge case is also held fixed together with the barrel, so that the cartridge case is slowly pulled out of the barrel. In this process, excessive longitudinal force does not occur in the cartridge case. After discharging the cartridge case, the tail portion is returned to the front again under the action of the tail closing spring to catch the new cartridge.

These shotguns work very reliably, even when loaded with a variety of ammunition. However, there are two major drawbacks.

The built-in brakes and barrel's relatively slow and powerful kickback motion can only slow down the barrel's movements and perform acclimation to excessive loading differences, but only operate under strictly limited conditions (such as lightly lubricating components). Need to be supported by. This happens by pressing a rifle on the shooter's shoulder. However, if the rifle is fired from the buttocks, there is no support and serious restraint is placed on the loading mechanism.

Therefore, such a system is not suitable for shotguns intended for military or police use.

Recent shotguns tend to review gas-operated rifles. Gas-operated rifles have long been known for semi-automatic rifles and have been proven in this area. However, in the case of a semi-automatic shotgun, there is a need for a shotgun cartridge with limited gas pressure and strong and easy extraction. In the case of modern weight cartridges having a cartridge base made of metal and having a long sleeve and a case made of longitudinally corrugated plastic, this gas operated shotgun works without restraint. However, compared to cartridges of poor quality, they are not as inexpensive to maintain as recoil shotguns. To compensate for this, gas-operated rifles operate even when fired from the hip or shoulder.

However, gas operated rifles are quite complicated. Depending on the type of gunpowder used, they require some expensive cleaning and are oil deficient because of the high levels of contaminants, dust, and sliding parts against each other. Economic use of gas pistons by colliding the tails with explosive gas release results in structural simplification, but this entails an increased risk of contamination.

Modern recoil guns (eg G3 rifles) that are passed without the movement of the barrel are also known, but are sensitive to ammunition. That is, these rifles, in particular these shotguns, are quite special in terms of ammunition.

Semi-automatic firearms, particularly simple, robust and ammunition-friendly, are now being applied worldwide: in underdeveloped areas, they can be used as hunting weapons depending on a wide variety of ammunition; In addition, as a reasonably priced police or military weapon, as an emergency equipment in a military aircraft, especially when the weapon is used after long-term use without inspection and cleaning, the cost of the weapon is not very high. It may also be used if it should not.

However, there is a known rebound-operated loading system for shotguns that has a locked but rigid barrel. This system is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,604,942, which has a bolt head carrier that is loosely supported in the rifle and held in place because of its mass moment of inertia when all the remaining parts of the rifle are moved backwards by recoil. The bolt head carrier and the bolt head are configured such that they move with each other and eventually contact each other.

In principle, however, this very simple rifle is rather complicated to implement. In addition, the recoil loading system does not appear to work safely because the weapons released with this system are no longer provided. The system can later be combined with a pumped pup gun mechanism to selectively disable self-loading activity (Benelli Super M 3). These known weapons have pipe magazines that are not practical for military weapons.

Summary of the Invention

Due to the formulation of this problem, the present invention is based on the object of finding a novel semi-automatic handgun which at least partially avoids the disadvantages of the above-mentioned reactionary and gas operated rifles.

In particular, it can be produced with very high tolerances, and in particular a simple and inexpensive semi-automated compactor insensitive in terms of its ammunition can be provided.

According to the invention this object is solved by placing a strong spring between the gland head carrier and the tail of the semi-automatic handgun, which is the above-mentioned conceptual expression, and by this arrangement the (heavy) key head carrier is locked by the gland head. If supported, it is supported on the bolt head. However, there is no contact between the bolt head and the bolt head carrier, so that the initial relative motion between these parts is not limited by the stop (claim 2).

When the bolt head is locked against the barrel, the weapon is closed. Locking usually occurs when the bolt head carrier moves the part back one position from this position. The bolt head carrier moving further to the rear now catches the bolt head. The cartridge is introduced into the chamber following the forward movement of the bolt head carrier and the head. The bolt head carrier hits and stops the cartridge base or cartridge case. The bolt head carrier facing the bolt head stops after locking the bolt head to face the barrel.

This is the order of motion of the conventional rigid barrel-operated, rifle-operated rifle and the order of loading of the weapon of the present invention. In all conventional semi-automatic firearms, the bolt head carrier is pressed against the head of the bolt, usually at the stop fixed by the tail closing spring, but the bolt head carrier of the present invention is not fixed on the head of the bolt. Instead, the bolt head carrier is supported on the bolt head by a strong spring, but can be moved forward basically without hitting the stop. In this process, the adjustment of the tail closing spring determines the position occupied by the bolt head carrier. Wide tolerances are possible here and can be tolerated.

As another aspect, in the case of a total closure spring, it means that the spring arrangement can consist of several springs.

When shooting (from buttocks or shoulders) the weapon performs a short, powerful rear movement that the shooter feels as a recoil. Also generally all parts fixed to the weapon, fixed barrels and also locked bolt heads follow this reaction movement.

However, in the case of the weapon of the present invention, the bolt head carrier does not follow the recoil motion, but is first held in an absolute position unlike normal actual operation because of its mass moment of inertia. That is, as a result of the recoil, the barrel and bolt heads are moved backwards with respect to the bolt head carrier, supported by a fairly weak gun closing spring, if necessary, against the force of the powerful spring device. In the case of a barrel, the barrel and bolt head remain fixed. The bolt head carrier moves forward with respect to the barrel and the bolt head is recoiled by a spring device.

The heavier the cartridge, the stronger the recoil. That is, the stronger the rear acceleration of the barrel and its rigidly connected parts is to compress the spring arrangement between the bolt head and the bolt head carrier, so that the bolt head carrier moves further forward relative to the bolt head.

In this connection it is clearly pointed out that the spring device can only be supported directly or indirectly on any other part of the weapon which acts between the bolt head carrier and the bolt head and thus can be moved to a fixed position with the bolt head. .

The described operation of the relative motion between the bolt head and the bolt head carrier does not stop until a balance has occurred between the spring device on the one hand and, on the other hand, if necessary, the force of the bolt head carrier supported by the force of the gripping closure spring. Do not. The distance of movement movement is therefore rather short, because the shooter's shoulders or arms try to react to the rifle's recoil and the recoil effect on the rifle of the cartridge fired (essentially) ends immediately at the time the projectile or bullet leaves the barrel. (In the case of shotguns, the rate of recoil is slowed by the gas escaping forward from behind the bullet or projectile).

After the stop of relative motion, the compressed spring device begins to stretch again, forcing the thrust head carrier back against the force of the tail closing spring. During the rearward movement, the bolt head carrier releases the bolt head from the barrel and takes it backwards. As a result, the open cycle of the loading operation is completed.

As already mentioned above, since there is no stop, the relative motion beyond the safe position relative to the front of the bolt head carrier for heavier cartridges is more pronounced than for weak cartridges. Therefore, the loosening of the rifle requires more time for heavy cartridges than for weak cartridges. The heavier cartridge is expected to have a slower gas pressure reduction than the weaker cartridge, and as a result there is more time available for this gas pressure reduction.

However, the more strongly compressed spring arrangement recoils the bolt head carrier more strongly than the only weakly compressed spring arrangement by the weak cartridge. For this reason, the bolt head carrier will also open the bolt head for heavy cartridges and extract the cartridge case faster than for weak cartridges. For shotgun cartridges this is harmless on its own, because heavier shotgun cartridges are also more modern cartridges that are more resistant to deformation than weaker cartridges with cardboard cases. However, if the constant speed range of the bolt head carrier is exceeded or falls short, a speed configuration where on the one hand a safe total tail function and on the other hand a reliable extraction is considered is abandoned. In this case, the shelf life of the weapon is at risk.

A particularly rapid opening of the total tail can be expected when the spring device is fully compressed in advance so that the spacing of the springs, especially of the flat spiral springs, is in close contact with each other. The opening speed can then be increased unexpectedly. Parasitic oscillations can also interfere with the system. Here too, the shelf life of the weapon is an important feature.

In order to avoid such disturbances and to maintain the effort in the speed range as much as possible, according to the invention it is further proposed that the spring device resist compression with increasing force (claim 3).

The lower limit of the indicated speed range and the design of the spring system are chosen so that reliable functions can still be considered in case of weak cartridges and contamination. In the case of deformation there is no linear increase in the force of the spring device, but there is a gradual increase in force, ie, a gradual increase in force so that the spring device cannot be compressed even in the case of the firing of the heaviest cartridge. Thus, the indicated interference is no longer considered.

Optimized spring characteristics can be achieved, for example, by disc spring stacks. However, it is cheaper and easier to provide a spring device which is essentially a strong spring with linear load displacement characteristics and also provides a buffer device which is not pressurized until after the spring has been partially compressed (claim 4). In this process, the spring and the buffer device can be harmonized with each other so that only the spring is compressed and re-extended upon firing of the weak cartridge, and on the other hand, in the case of firing a heavier cartridge. The buffer device can guarantee the desired gradual behavior by simple means.

A buffer device consisting of at least one pile of elastomeric buffers with high hysterisis has proven to be optimal (claim 5). The stack device ensures that the buffer device can be easily adapted to heavy cartridges. Elastomeric buffers also tend to deform at right angles when pressure is applied to increase their diameter. However, the magnitude of the diameter increase is a function of the length of the buffer, so that several stacked short buffers are smaller in diameter than a single long buffer.

Hysteresis is particularly important. This prevents, for example in the case of a spring, the total force transmitted back to the bolt head carrier. The hysteresis buffer performs the spring force reduction and phase change redirected. Thus, even with heavier cartridges, it is finally possible to reliably maintain the above-mentioned speed range in which the tail end works correctly.

It is thus possible to correctly launch a 12-caliber cartridge mixed into such a variety of case lengths, such as 70 mm and 76 mm long cartridges. By simply adjusting the spring and buffer arrangement, even cartridges of 12/65 or 12/89 aperture can be mixed together and fired, even if not possible with standard adjustments.

In the conventional semi-automatic firearm having the bolt head and the bolt head carrier, the bolt head carrier performs the backward motion upon release while the bolt head remains fixed. In this process the firing pins are stored in the bolt head carrier so that the firing pins do not reach the cartridge's blasting cap until the weapon is already at least largely locked. In addition, to prevent this, the weapon of the present invention has an intermediate link, which is supported on the bolt head in the locked state, whereby the spring device is supported on the bolt head, and on the bolt head carrier during its return movement. The bolt head, which has been transported by and released at least immediately after release, is no longer subjected to direct pressure by the spring arrangement (claim 6).

It is also proposed according to the invention that the firing pin is mounted directly on the bolt head (claim 7).

However, the cartridge can be fired if the gripping head is still held on the cartridge, regardless of whether the tail is locked or unlocked.

In order to prevent this, in another embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that a lock block is allocated to the bolt head, which is freely penetrated by the firing pin in the locked position and stops the firing pin in the inactive retracted position in the unlocked position. 8). Thus, the locking block acts as a so-called safety device because only the trigger can fire the cartridge when the gland head is locked.

This embodiment of the present invention is further improved as a result of the fact that the lock block has an inclined surface and the locking block withdraws the firing pin through the inclined surface to the inoperative position upon transition from the locked position to the unlocked position (claims). 9). If the firing pin is caught in the primer during shooting, for example as a result of a defect in the cartridge, the firing pin is moved by the release block by its release motion and moved to the inoperative position.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking block can be moved across the axis of the bore in the gland head in the locked and unlocked states. Moreover, the locking block penetrates through the bolt head and falls in a recess in the component that is integrally constructed with or rigidly fastened to the barrel in the locked position (claim 10). Preferably, the fall occurs at three locations that are generally uniformly distributed around it. Particularly in the case of shotguns, the size of the cartridges allows for generous oversize of recesses and locking blocks. Preferably the locking bolt is slightly inclined in the section to which the recess engages, so that a soft lock (especially even when the case has a large tolerance) and release of the lock are always possible.

The bolt head carrier may be designed to move along it on the bolt head side opposite the recess. In this process the lock block has front and rear foot strips, and the nipple head carrier is, to be exact, its front to the front foot strip of the lock block such that the return head lock carrier extracts the lock block from the recess in the course of the return movement. Has a front and rear carrier strip in the form of a collision with the rear carrier strip on the rear foot strip of the lock block to impinge on the carrier strip and force the locking block into the recess during the closing movement, at least one of the front or rear foot and carrier strip Is inclined (Claim 11).

When the lock head is locked, the lock head carrier can be freely moved forward to the position occupied by the lock head carrier after the lock is completed. If the bolt head carrier is moved rearward from this position, the bolt head carrier pulls the locking block out of the recess and conveys the bolt head with it after some large loss movement movement. In this process, it is not important how large the loss motion formed between the foot strip of the locking block and the foot strip of the bolt head. It is only important that the foot strip fits into an opening formed between the carrier strips in the bolt head carrier.

This allows for simpler and less precise manufacturing; Less precise or replacement parts can be installed without further fitting.

The weapons of the present invention can be used, for example, for machine guns or semi-automatic rifles. However, the system of the present invention is particularly suitable for semi-automatic shotguns (claim 12). To be precise, one of ordinary skill in the art can handle a wide variety of gunpowder without difficulty by appropriately adjusting the power, the structure of the spring mechanism and the mass of the bolt head carrier. You can build a semi-automatic shotgun that requires only a fraction of the cost.

However, the miniature firearm pointed out above can also be inserted in a case of a weapon and a recess in the gun head for locking the gun head, which can be moved across it, which can be moved in the longitudinal or firing direction. And a flash firearm having a handle for moving the locking block and the head of the bolt forward and backward and inserting and releasing the locking block (preamble of claim 13).

Attempts have been made to simplify the reloading movement shortly after the emergence of a firearm with a cylindrical tailpiece mechanism. To load manually, the shooter must do lateral, rear, forward and back movements. Therefore, a kind of worm gear has been introduced that converts a simple forward and backward movement into a specific complex one. Because of the complexity of the instruments, these so-called straight pull systems have not been proven or too expensive. In the case of this known straight pull action system, a breech block, which can be observed as a bolt head carrier, is assigned to the actual tail or bolt head.

There is also another system that simplifies the loading movement. This system is outlined in the inner conceptual term of claim 13 and has been realized prior to the straight pull action system mentioned above, in which the tail portion can be moved forward in a straight line until it reaches the cartridge base in the chamber. Upon reaching this gun position, the lateral slide or locking block is moved in the gun portion and in the recess in the case of the weapon, thereby locking the gun portion. The lower lever is rotated downward in arc motion to release the locking block on the first move. Then, at the last exercise, the loosened tail is pulled back. Only when the lower lever is rotated upwards does the tail end close and lock. Since 1895, box magazines have also been known for such systems.

Similar systems are not operated by the lower lever, but by a slide that can be connected to the front end and moved straight. However, here the locking block executes a rotational motion.

All systems described are very complex and correspondingly expensive and sensitive.

In the case of the lock block of the lower lever and the front end loader, especially for heavy cartridges, high surface pressures occur. This can be reacted with uncomfortablely formed structures or with extremely high precision.

Especially for emergency use weapons, suppression, small dimensions and reliability must be combined with low cost. After all, these weapons should only be available in infrequent emergencies and should work safely in contrast.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the firearm pointed out above in such a way that at least some of the difficulties pointed out above can be at least partially avoided.

Preferably, a straight pull action firearm suitable for emergency use and used for military, police and the like should be provided.

This task provides a rifle head carrier, which can be moved parallel to the bolt head through initial and final movements and conveys the bolt head in the final movement, to the rifle pointed out above, and the locking block is released or inserted when the initial movement is made. At least one inclined surface that engages the opposing surface on the locking block is solved by being configured on the gripping head carrier (claim 13).

The longitudinal slide of the straight pull action tail described above is used to some extent to actuate the known locking block from the lower lever loader. In this process, the bolt head can be kept very short, as a result of which the overall length of the rifle is reduced. Since the bolt head carrier, which can be moved in the longitudinal direction, does not need to be seated on the locking block in the longitudinal direction, the path of movement of the bolt head carrier should not be precisely defined, but merely long enough.

It is practical in this process that the bolt head carrier can be moved through a loss motion movement in which the tail is kept locked before the initial movement (claim 14). This lossy movement shift not only compensates for structural inaccuracies, but also allows the shooter to gather power. Thus, the lock block is not released by the bolt head carrier until it speeds up. In the process, the ball of bugs are simply transported without the gunner knowing anything about the disturbance.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is in the case of the weapon formed by the barrel retainer case as well as the rear end or plastic case of the barrel and the recess is configured on the rear end of the barrel or in the barrel retainer case in the case of the weapon (claim 15) ). The main force generated during firing is immediately transferred into the barrel by the bolt head via the locking bolt. The actual case made of plastic only absorbs parasitics and, if necessary, transports flexible parts and protects all parts from contamination.

Because of the large degree of structural freedom, the rifle of the present invention can have virtually any form of appearance. The handle for the bolt head carrier may be a butt, a front shaft or a lower lever or simply a handle that laterally protrudes out of the rear or from the front (plastic) case.

According to the invention it is further proposed that the firing pin is mounted directly on the bolt head, in particular so that the firing pin penetrates the bolt head (claim 16).

However, even if the tail is locked or unlocked, the cartridge can be fired when the gripping head is still on the cartridge.

In order to prevent this, in another embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that a lock block is allocated to the bolt head, which is freely penetrated by the firing pin in the locked position and stops the firing pin in the inactive retracted position in the unlocked position. 17). Thus, the locking block acts as a so-called safety device because only the trigger can fire the cartridge when the gland head is locked.

This embodiment of the present invention is further improved as a result of the fact that the lock block has a beveled edge and the lock block withdraws the firing pin through this inclined position into the inoperative position upon transition from the locked position to the unlocked position. (Claim 18). If the firing pin is caught in the primer during shooting, for example as a result of a defect in the cartridge, the firing pin is moved by the release block by its release motion and moved to the inoperative position.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking block can be moved across the axis of the bore in the gripping head in the locking position and the unlocking position. Moreover, the locking block penetrates through the bolt head and falls in a recess in the component that is integrally constructed with or rigidly fastened to the barrel in the locked position (claim 19). Preferably, the fall occurs at three locations that are generally uniformly distributed around it. Particularly in the case of shotguns, the size of the cartridges allows for generous oversize of recesses and locking blocks. Preferably the locking bolt is slightly inclined in the section to which the recess engages, so that a soft lock (especially even when the case has a large tolerance) and release of the lock are always possible.

The bolt head carrier may be designed to move along it on the bolt head side opposite the recess. In this process the lock block has front and rear foot strips, and the nipple head carrier is, to be exact, its front to the front foot strip of the lock block such that the return head lock carrier extracts the lock block from the recess in the course of the return movement. Has a front and rear carrier strip in the form of a collision with the rear carrier strip on the rear foot strip of the lock block to impinge on the carrier strip and force the locking block into the recess during the closing movement, at least one of the front or rear foot and carrier strip Is inclined (claim 20).

When the lock head is locked, the lock head carrier can be freely moved forward to the position occupied by the lock head carrier after the lock is completed. If the bolt head carrier is moved rearward from this position, the bolt head carrier pulls the locking block out of the recess and conveys the bolt head with it after some large loss movement movement. In this process, it is not important how large the loss motion formed between the foot strip of the locking block and the foot strip of the bolt head. It is only important that the foot strip fits into an opening formed between the carrier strips in the bolt head carrier.

This allows for simpler and less precise manufacturing; Less precise or replacement parts can be installed without further fitting.

The weapon of the present invention can be used, for example, for small diameter firing weapons. However, the system of the invention is particularly suitable for a shotgun (claim 21), preferably a pumped shotgun.

In general, the system of the present invention has proved to be particularly suitable for a continuous rifle for large cartridges, in particular cartridges having an aperture of at least 15 mm, in which case two or more extractor hooks reliably hold and deliver very large cartridges.

Continuous gun tails can also be used in a semi-automated machine by connecting the reload mechanism in place, for example to a handle or rotation point provided in the gas regulator.

The invention also relates to a cartridge ejection device for the rifle of claims 2 and 13, which has at least two cartridge extractor hook springs mounted on the movable tail portion or bolt head and preferably facing each other (see claim 23). Premise).

Miniature firearms, in particular semi-automated firearms, having gun heads moved from the rear end of the barrel and generally along the axis of the bore (the central axis of the barrel) during barrel and opening, generally have cartridge ejection devices having extractor hooks and ejectors. The extractor hooks enclose a rim or half of the rim of the cartridge or engage a groove formed in the outer periphery of its base. The ejector is positioned approximately opposite the hook about the axis of the bore such that the edge of the cartridge base impinges on the ejector. The ejector is shown to be fixed here. Among other things, it will be appreciated that the ejector is rigidly mounted in the weapon or its case or is flexibly mounted in the tail or gull head and impinges on a weapon-proof resistor at the end of its return movement. .

The cartridge or cartridge case is discharged transversely to the axis of the bore. In this process, the extractor hook is located on the side where the cartridge or cartridge case is ejected with respect to the axis of the bore. The ejector is located on the opposite side.

In the case of a cartridge having a rim groove that bends towards a ball of lump (front surface of the forearm) and forms a flat surface, the extractor hook is seated in the groove with a complementary support surface during ejection. Thus the cartridge or its case cannot be released from the hook until the tumbler is pulled. This ensures reliable ejection of the cartridge case. In the case of cartridge rims with round contours, for example in the case of small firearms and shotgun cartridges, this support is essentially ensured by frictional connections. The correspondingly strong springs then pressurize the ejector hooks for reliable discharge.

As can be inferred from the features of US Pat. No. 3,906,651, such a cartridge is shown to have a rounded contour. This cartridge is located on the tailpiece bundle with the two opposing extractor hooks. The present invention starts from this state of the art.

The reason why this discharge device was selected cannot be guessed from this publication, nor is it possible to guess about the manner of arrangement and configuration of the discharger. The contours of the two extractor hooks are also unique to facilitate the slide from the cartridge rim. Such a slide should be possible in one of the hooks unless it is intended to be cushioned very smoothly.

However, FIG. 2 of this publication makes it possible to recognize longitudinal grooves which can be placed in close proximity to one of the hooks and which can hold the ejector.

Dispensing shotgun cartridges, for example 12 or 10 apertures, is particularly problematic in the case of very long cartridge cases and semi-automatizers, since the rapidly opened gun barrel has extractor hooks that may slide from the cartridge rim having a rounded contour. .

This situation may be solved by also serving as the gist of the extractor hooks known from the publications mentioned. In addition, in the case of extremely large cartridges (four-caliber (26.5 mm) flashes, tear gas or shotgun cartridges, shell cartridges (4 cm), etc.) having an unevenly small edge, it may be advantageous to serve as the gist of the extractor hook. .

In the case of small firearms, especially military weapons, the shooter initially needed to be right-handed. Left-handed shooters were trained to use weapons with their right hand. Today, attempts are made to correctly characterize shooters and to equip weapons used by left-handed shooters. Especially for semi-automatic rifles in Bullpup form (the magazine is located behind the butt), the ejector is located at the level of the cheekbone, so the cartridge needs to be ejected away from the shooter's face.

However, for other weapons, such as helicopter aircraft machine guns, the ejection direction is not voluntarily adjustable and should be adapted to the mounting conditions as best as possible. Cartridge ejection in this process can occur anywhere except the reload mechanism. For example, if a cartridge gripper located on the weapon is used, ejection may occur to the right or left, or even the bottom, depending on where the cartridge case container or the gunpowder bag can be mounted.

It is an object of the present invention to form an improved cartridge ejection device. In particular, at least one of the disadvantages outlined above should be formed, at least in part, of a device of the type indicated above, in which the direction of discharge can be changed.

To solve this problem, when the cartridge or cartridge head returns, the cartridge or cartridge case is jointly extracted by all cartridge extractor hooks when the cartridge or cartridge case is released from the chamber and rotates around the cartridge extractor hooks and does not have ejectors in the process. It is proposed to improve the device pointed out above by assigning at least one fixed ejector to one or each of the cartridge extractor hooks so as to be discharged to the non-side (claim 23).

In this process, it is assumed that each extractor hook has only a limited ability to hold the cartridge or cartridge case in the position where it is removed. Moreover, the use of several extractor hooks clearly has the advantage, especially for the cartridges mentioned above. If all extractor hooks have ejectors assigned to them except the extractor hooks from which the ejection occurs on the side, ejection may occur in any direction to which the extractor is assigned.

Of course, the number of extractor hooks is not limited and three or more hooks would be practical for very large diameter cartridges. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed to provide only two cartridge extractor hooks and one switchable ejector opposite each other (claim 24). But this is necessary and sufficient in the case of Bullpup weapons.

The ejector is provided with two extractor protrusions disposed on either side of one of the two cartridge extractor hooks and moving in the longitudinal groove of the gland head or the tail portion connected to the grommet on both sides of the cartridge extractor hook (claim 25) ), A device is formed which can completely extract the difficult cartridge and cartridge case and switch from the right discharge to the left discharge and vice versa in a very simple means.

Only the ejector has to be moved for conversion purposes. The position of the tail and extractor hooks remain unchanged.

Conventional cartridge extractor hooks have hook-shaped ends that enclose a cartridge rim and have a surface that is bent towards the ball cage. According to another embodiment of the present invention, when the hook-shaped end surrounds a cartridge rim whose surface forms an acute angle in a plane parallel to the stack of balls, it is proposed to remove these surfaces forward from the center of the stack of balls ( Claim 26).

Preferably this acute angle lies between 0 ° and 15 ° (claim 27).

In contrast to the above-mentioned US patent publication, in which the extractor hook is designed complementary to the contour of the cartridge rim, in the case of the present invention, a surface which is preferably seated on the rim is used. The most versatile type of cartridge can thus be used, and also cartridges whose edges form a surface parallel to the bales can be used. Such a border may be present in the case of a cartridge case for a particular cartridge, for example a flash cartridge. Such cartridge cases are produced, for example, by rotation or indirect injection on a lathe.

The apparatus of the present invention can be used for all kinds of miniature firearms. It is particularly advantageous for large diameter cartridges. Particular preference is given to assigning the device, for example, to a shotgun (claim 28), in particular a continuous or semi-automatic shotgun. Here, the structural diversity and mutual deviation from the cartridges for the very same aperture are particularly large, on the other hand the need for retrofitting the weapons for left- and right-handed shooters is particularly great. These weapons are assigned only for special operations, not personal weapons such as automatic rifles that a soldier can carry during actual service. Basically, weapons with a caliber of 15mm or more are not included here.

The invention also relates to a large caliber gas operated rifle having a central power input for retaining the rear end of the barrel and the locking contact of the barrel. This gas operated rifle adopts the principle of the tail part of claim 1.

“Large caliber” is understood here as a rifle with a caliber of 15 mm or larger or the largest case diameter of a cartridge.

In the case of large-caliber rifles, for example, heavy bullets, adapter base projectiles, bullet charges, gas bodies, etc., are accelerated at a lower speed compared to other small caliber high performance rifles. For this reason the gas pressure is also relatively low, especially in the front region of the barrel.

For large diameter gas operated rifles with cartridge diameters greater than 15 mm, the tail is large and long and therefore heavy, so the force required for reloading is also great. On the other hand, because the gas pressure already mentioned is low, the active area of the gas piston must be large. Thus, the amount of gas removed from the barrel during firing is also large.

For this reason, a reaction gun is generally preferred, but has the disadvantage of being particularly sensitive.

In addition, in the case of large diameters, the central fastening element is recently provided to reduce the weight, so that all generated forces have the most possible effect. At best, the case is under almost no pressure, so the case can be designed in the most lightweight plastic form. However, gas pistons require an additional power input point at the tapping point of the barrel that interacts with the gas piston and as a result become rather heavy in construction.

In addition, in the case of a large-caliber rifle, if the rifle is configured as an enlarged ordinary caliber rifle, there is a problem that the rifle is configured to be quite long.

Therefore, the present invention is based on the object of improving the large caliber rifle pointed out above so that at least one of the problems pointed out above is at least partially corrected.

In particular, the present invention is based on the object of forming a long-diameter shell cartridge with a long cartridge length and a semi-automatic rifle for a lightweight and reliable reloaded short cartridge case.

According to the invention this problem is solved by having a rifle pointed out above, which has a gas intake opening in the power input in the barrel and the gas cylinder is rigidly connected with the power input in connection with the gas intake opening (claim 29) ).

The gas suction opening in the power input eliminates the need for a separate power absorbing seal of the gas suction opening. At the same time, if the gas pressure is sufficient to loosen and operate the total tail of the weight with a long reloading path, the gas intake opening is arranged further back.

The barrel of the weapon of the present invention is provided with a chamber configured integrally with the barrel, which is a general practice. However, it can also be considered that the chamber is separated from the barrel. Within the scope of the present invention, the term “barrel” includes chambers, and it does not matter whether or not it is constructed integrally with the barrel. According to the invention, the gas intake opening is at the front end of the chamber and is connected to a bore hole in the power input which is connected to the front end of the gas cylinder (claim 30). The chamber is often quite short compared to the barrel caliber for very large rifles; For shell cartridges of the type described above the chamber is extremely short. Thus, the slow acceleration of the tail end by the action of the emission gas ensures that the projectile already exits the barrel before opening the tail end. In such large-caliber rifles, the pressure drop is very early, so the excess pressure in the barrel is rather low when the projectile leaves the barrel. At the same time, if the power input ensures that the high pressure in the bore is received without damage and transmitted to the gas cylinder, no pipe or similar component is needed.

This gas cylinder is preferably configured in the power input (claim 3) and therefore does not require its own power absorption component.

The bore may extend diagonally in the firing direction or opposite the firing direction to exploit or inhibit the kinetic energy of the emitted gas. Since this kinetic energy is very small at the end of the chamber, the bore hole preferably extends perpendicular to the firing direction (claim 31). In this way the power input can be kept as compact as possible.

The gas cylinder directly connected to the bore may be located laterally or below the chamber. However, it is preferred that the gas cylinder be located above the chamber so as to avoid overextending the width of the weapon and to mount the magazine under the forearm (claim 32). Since the gas cylinder is configured in the power input, this ensures a very robust and particularly short shape in the longitudinal direction.

The tail portion is formed from a lock head and a lock head carrier. In order to obviate the regulator for the bolt head carrier and to keep the form of the weapon short despite the gas cylinder located at the rear, according to another embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the bolt head carrier forms a gas piston. (Claim 33).

Similar to a semi-automatic shotgun with a pipe magazine and a gas piston surrounding the magazine pipe, according to the invention the pipe is rigidly connected to the bolt head carrier, penetrating the gas cylinder and penetrating as an attachment pipe for the gun closing spring. It is preferred (claim 34). The inner surface of the gas cylinder therefore has an annular surface, and furthermore the action of the force takes place precisely in the center on the bolt head carrier. A return spring for the tail section, the so-called tail closure spring, further penetrates the pipe so that the gland head carrier forming the gas piston can also be precisely reinstalled in the center and consequently cannot be constrained. The gas cylinder, when viewed in its diameter, can be constructed shorter than would otherwise be needed.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the pipe also has the object of supporting a loading handle that can be mounted to or attached to or connected to the pipe for reloading (claim 35).

There are various locking means, for example, lateral locking shutters or locking lugs that are circularly mounted in the longitudinal center of the barrel, but the shutters are attached off-center, and the lugs are accompanied by the backward movement of the bolt head and consequently only a slight rifle. To increase the overall length. Therefore, it is proposed according to the present invention that the locking bolt is pushed by the bolt head carrier to a safe position which penetrates the bolt head laterally and engages the structure of the power input at its rest position to lock the bolt head (claim 36). The structure is advantageously mounted and generally symmetrically mounted on the longitudinal axis of the barrel. As a result, the bolt head does not move the release path upon release, only the locking bolt is pulled out at right angles to the indicated longitudinal axis. Devices for this purpose can be located above the bolt head and do not occupy the entire length.

Preferably, the structure of the power input is disposed in the gripping head, on the one hand coupling to the movement path of the gripping head carrier and on the other to the movement path of the locking bolt and locking the locking bolt in rest position during movement of the gripping head carrier. A tilting lever pulling from this is such a device (claim 37). This rotary lever is rotated, for example, on an axis of rotation arranged across the bolt head. However, such a device may also be formed with a pressurizing spring forcing the lock bolt out of its rest position if there is room in the bolt head carrier.

In addition, the pulled-out lock bolt is engaged in the bolt head carrier so that the lock bolt and the bolt head are caught in the movement (claim 38). For example, regardless of how quickly the return of the bolt head carrier occurs, and as a result, in the case of a slow reload, an active connection is generated between the bolt head and the bolt head carrier.

Preferably, the locking bolt has an elliptical hole penetrated by the firing pin, the firing pin has a recess behind the locking bolt, the elliptical hole engages on the recess of the firing pin and the locking bolt is connected to the power input section. It has a rearwardly inclined edge that pushes the firing pin backwards when withdrawn from engagement with the structure (claim 39). Therefore, after shooting, the firing pin is forcibly pulled out of engagement with the cartridge and cannot reach the cartridge base when the tail portion is released. As a result, the burst blasting cap cannot keep the firing pin forward (so-called primer failure), and no coarsening can occur if the bolt head is not yet locked. This ensures reliability even in the unlikely event of malfunction.

Normally the bolt head has only one extractor. However, it is also known to provide two extractors. The present invention comprises two recesses comprising a bore hole for a set-bolt and a spring for urging it from the rear to the front, configured in the gripping head transversely to the locking bolt and in one of the recesses. The extractor, which can be rotated against the force of, is inserted, and as a result of supporting the base of the cartridge or cartridge case laterally and inserting a support element opposite the extractor, if possible in the opposed recess. Is out (Claim 40). The extractor and the support element are thus facing each other.

The support element supports the cartridge case after extraction so that the cartridge case does not slip from the opposing extractor hook. After shooting, the tail tail first experiences the acceleration phase and then the deceleration phase. The base of the accelerated cartridge case during the deceleration phase is firmly seated on the ball stack. The front region of the bolt head is referred to as the "breech block".

The springs, set bolts, extractors on one side and support elements on the other side can be exchanged to change in the discharge direction if necessary.

However, in the case of the shell cartridge pointed out above, the cartridge case is so short that it can leave the chamber when or still in the acceleration phase. Since the support element and the extractor are located in the same type of recess, they can be interchanged. In this way it is possible to rearrange the direction of ejection of the rifle so that the rifle can be easily adapted to right-handed shooters or left-handed shooters.

With reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings will be described in more detail with respect to the object of the present invention.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rear part and the rear part of the barrel of the shotgun according to the present invention in which the tail part is closed and locked;

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing the loosened tail portion immediately after the bullet shot;

3A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gripping head carrier shown on a slightly enlarged scale compared to FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view viewed diagonally from the upper side of the bolt head carrier shown in FIG. 3A; FIG.

4 is a cross sectional view of the rearmost portion (end section) of the barrel along the centerline of the locking recess;

4A is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 viewed at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the weapon;

5a is a rear view of the locking block,

5b is a side view of the locking block,

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the tail portion in the state shown in FIG. 1 as viewed obliquely from above; FIG.

7 is an enlarged view of the extractor hook,

8 is a side view of the stripping block,

9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of the stripping block of FIG. 8;

10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rear part and the rear part of the barrel of the barrel of the shotgun according to the invention in which the tail is closed and locked;

11 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing the loosened tail portion immediately after the bullet shot;

12A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gripping head carrier shown on a slightly enlarged scale compared to FIGS. 1 and 2;

12B is a perspective view, viewed obliquely from above, of the bolt head carrier shown in FIG. 3C;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the tail portion in the state shown in FIG.

14 is a perspective view of a semi-automatic shotgun equipped with a device according to the present invention;

15 is a plan view of the tail portion having an ejector,

16 shows an extractor hook,

17 is a partial view of the ejector as seen from the front or rear;

18 is a longitudinal sectional view along the rear end of the barrel and the power input and the tail;

19 is a perspective view of the tail portion of FIG.

20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1, FIG.

Figure 21 is a horizontal cross sectional view of the gripping head showing the rear portion of the cartridge.

The drawings all illustrate embodiments of the invention. For this reason, the following will refer to the individual drawings when locating specific elements / features.

The only partially shown rifle is a semi-automatic shotgun, which may be provided with a box magazine (FIGS. 1 and 2). The shotgun has a barrel 1 having a centerline or central axis of the bore 37. In the rear part of this barrel part, a cartridge chamber 3 is formed in which the end section 4 of the barrel part 1 is connected rearward. The end section 4 has a substantially U-shaped cross section which opens downward and has an axial upper locking recess 5 and two locking notches 6 below. The locking notch is located at the free ends of both legs of the U-shaped cross section. A groove 10 is provided that extends parallel to the axis of the bore 37 at approximately mid-height of each U-shaped leg and to which the cartridge extractor 61 (FIG. 6) can move.

In the case of a cocked weapon, the chamber 3 is closed rearward by a bolt head 11. The bolt head 11 is penetrated by a front vertical through bore hole holding the lock block 25. This locking block is provided on the axis of the bore with the locking finger 8 at each of the two ends of the conical locking extension 7 and the (lower) transverse pillar (lower end) at the free end (upper end) of the intermediate column. A T-shaped cross section inverted at right angles.

In the locked position the lock extension 7 engages the lock recess 5 and at the same time the lock finger 8 engages the lock notch 6.

All the contact areas are oblique to the vertical line to allow easy establishment and release of the engagement with the end section 4 of the barrel 1 of the locking block 25. However, the oblique angle of these regions is small so that the coupling is self-locking. That is, the engagement cannot be opened by the force exerted on the bolt head 11 rearward along the axis of the bore 37.

The barrel 1 and the bolt head 11 are directly connected to each other during shooting and also during the instant transfer of high initial forces to each other. No factor is affected by the transfer of forces. The barrel 1 can thus be received in the plastic case 2 at its rear end. In other words, the greatest generated force is not transmitted to the case 2.

The bolt head 11 is located on the bolt head carrier 13 (FIGS. 3A and 3B). The bolt head carrier 11 can be moved longitudinally with respect to the bolt head 11 within a certain distance. The bolt head carrier 13 has a longitudinal recess 54, a lateral recess in the area under the locking block 25 and a flat surface 59 behind the lateral recess.

The lateral recess 53 abuts on both sides of the longitudinal recess 54 by the noses 55 on each side thereof from the front, the nose projecting up and down and draping over a flat surface 59. .

The locking block 25 is comprised so that the lower area | region of the transverse pillar may be flush with the lower area | region of the bolt head 11 in the upper locking position (FIG. 1). In this position, the bolt head carrier 13 can be moved back and forth under the lock block 25, in which the bolt head 11 and the lock block 25 are flat surfaces 59 of the bolt head carrier 13. Slide on the

However, when the bolt head carriers 13 are moved backwards in the rest position shown in Fig. 1, the two noses 55 catch the lateral posts of the locking block 25 from both sides with their rear edges and laterally. Pull into recess 53. This location is shown in FIG. In this position the ball bundle 25 is released from the end section 4 of the barrel 1. The bolt head 11 can now move rearward with respect to the barrel 11.

The unlocked bolt head 11 further moves rearward into a guide (not shown) in the case 2 so that the locking block 25 cannot be moved upward.

Upon closure of the bolt head 11, the bolt head impinges on the rear end of the chamber 3. The bolt head carrier 13 is then pulled further forwards or pressed by the tail closing spring (only schematically indicated in the direction of the force). In this process, the inclined surface 57, which forms the rear wall of the lateral recess 53, presses the lock block 25 upwards, so that the flat surface 59 finally engages the lock block 25 and is shown in FIG. 1. The lock block is moved upward in its forward motion until it reaches position again.

In the bolt head 11 a rotary stripping block 27 is arranged approximately parallel to the intermediate column behind the locking block 25, which stripping block 27 is fixed in its normal position by a catch 28. 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9. The stripping block 27 is retained in the rear vertical through bore hole 23 in the bolt head 11. The catch 28 can be released through the bore hole 24 in the bolt head 11 (FIG. 6).

The ball bundle 25 and the stripping block 27 are penetrated by the firing pins 19 and each have a bore hole 31 and a bore hole 34 for this purpose.

The lower end of the stripping block 27 is configured as a hammer foot 51 having an inverted T-shaped cross section that moves in an upwardly open groove 49 in the bolt head carrier 13. In the operating state, that is, in the normal position where the hammer foot 51 engages the flanks of the grooves on both sides and the stripping block 27 is held by the catch 28, the reposition of the firing pin 19 The recess 35 impinges on the protrusion 36 in the bore hole of the stripping block 27. This prevents the launch pin 19 from falling backward from the gripping head 11 when the firing pin 19 is in the normal position. If the stripping block 27 is rotated about one eighth of a turn after the catch 28 is removed, the firing pin 19 may be removed backwards. In this state, the hammer foot 51 is still engaged with the upper flank of the groove 49, so that the return of the firing pin 19 can be performed while the bolt head 11 and the bolt head carrier 13 are still fitted together. . Only once the stripping block 27 is rotated a full quarter (only after the firing pin 19 is released), the hammer foot 51 is released from the groove 49 and the bolt head 11 is connected to the bolt head carrier ( 13) can be removed.

The bore hole 31 of the locking block 25 penetrated by the firing pin 19 is formed as an elliptical hole, so that the locking block 25 is formed in FIG. 1 and in spite of the presence of the firing pin 19. It may occupy the position of FIG. 2 (locked position and unlocked position).

The launch pin 19 has a rear enlarged portion 29 of the elliptical hole 31, and a recess 33 inclined complementarily to the enlarged portion 29 is configured at the rear bottom of the elliptical hole 31. have. The recess 33 and the enlarged portion 29 of the firing pin allow the firing pin 19 to enter the elliptical hole 31 when the locking block 25 is located at its uppermost position (locking position in FIG. 1). Is designed to be. In this position the firing pin 19 can enter deep into the oval hole 31 such that its tip igniting the cartridge can emerge from the front region of the bolt head 11.

When the locking block 25 is lowered, the recess 33 pushes the enlarged portion 29 of the firing pin because of its special shape so that the tip of the firing pin can no longer reach the cartridge. This ensures that the cartridge can be fired if the bolt head 11 is sufficiently locked.

As described, the enlarged portion 29 and the recess 35 keep the launch pin 19 loose between the two end positions, and the inclined recess 33 of the lock block withdraws the launch pin when released. To force. As a result, firing pin springs are usually unnecessary and do not need to be provided.

A handle, for example a movable front shaft, can be mounted on the bolt head carrier 13. A removable lock can lock this handle in the foremost position. In this case, the tail closing spring 9 is not naturally required, but the handle and the bolt head carrier are moved back and forth to reload the weapon.

However, the example shown is a semi-automatic problem. Here the bolt head 11 is extended rearward by an axially extending pipe 15 which holds and guides the extended firing pin 19. The rear end of the bolt head carrier 13 forms a contact portion 43 and extends rearwardly.

The transition portion 39, which is spaced apart from the contact portion 43, enters the thrust head carrier 13 from above but is moved backwards to be kept forward by the step portion 40 in the thrust head carrier 13. have.

Each of the contact portion 43 and the transition portion 39 has a through hole, both of which are aligned with each other and are penetrated by the extension pipe 15. The extension pipe 15 is preferably configured as a wire spring that is bent in a spiral shape and functions as a holder for a powerful pressure spring or opening spring surrounding the extension pipe. The pressurizing spring 17 is not preloaded back and forth on the contact portion 43 or the transition portion 39 (until the transition portion 39 rests on the stepped portion 40 of the gripping head carrier 13). Supported.

As a result, rattling (generated by the pressing spring 17 moving back and forth) is prevented when the tail portion is opened.

As can be appreciated, the powerful opening spring 17 does not act in a large range. The spring 17 acts only when the bolt head 11 is moved rearward with respect to the bolt head carrier 13 in the locked position of FIG.

This movement is precisely what actually happens when the weapon is about to be fired, at which point the rifle, the barrel part 1 and the locked bolt head 11, are forced to hold the heavy bolt head carrier 13 in its position. To be forced. This rearward motion does not have to be large. The compression of the shaft cap, for example against the wall and made of rubber, is completely sufficient.

Looking at the drawings, this real movement is difficult to imagine. Instead assume that the bolt head carrier 13 moves a short distance when the bullet is fired.

Then the following occurs: In this forward movement the pressure on the total closure spring 9 decreases slightly but instead the opening spring 17 is tensioned. In this process, the transition part 39 and the contact part 43 move toward each other. This movement is stopped according to the intensity of the recoil and thus the intensity of the momentum of the cartridge fired.

If this movement is stopped as a result of the compression of the open spring 17, to be precisely counter-movement triggered by this compressed spring 17 is started. During this counter movement, the bolt head carrier 13 is pulled back strongly, so that the bolt head carrier 13 pulls the locking block 15 downward with the nose 55 and pulls the bolt head 11 backward through the block. To move further. In this process, the rear end of the bolt head carrier 13 pulls a hammer (not shown) of a known triggering mechanism to perform a loading motion. In the course of this movement the locking block 25 is pushed upward again in the manner described above and supported from below by a flat surface 59 on the upper side of the bolt head carrier 13. It is not entirely important that the bolt head carrier 13 is positioned further forward by 1 mm. Therefore, parallel tolerance does not affect.

As already mentioned above, the stronger the recoil during firing, the longer the relative progressive movement of the bolt head carrier 13 during shooting. Correspondingly, the stronger the recoil, the stronger the opening spring 17 is. Then the reaction of the entire tail portions 11, 13 becomes more powerful. To compensate for this, an additional shock absorber 41 in the form of an elastomeric buffer is mounted. To this end, two bars penetrating the contact portion 43 on both sides of the middle portion of the bolt head carrier 13 and entering the recess in the transition portion 39 are arranged parallel to the axis of the bore 37. These bars 45 penetrate the designated elastomer buffer 41. The flange 47 on each bar 45 between the contact 43 and the buffer 41 prevents the bar 45 from sliding backwards. Designated recesses are open from below for easy installation.

Elastomer buffer 41 preferably consists of a few ring elements and is made of a material having high hysteresis. When the weak cartridge is fired, the elastomer buffer 41 is either uncompressed or slightly compressed. However, when very heavy cartridges are fired, the two elastomeric buffers 41 are compressed so that they return less energy than previously received when their elongation is resumed. Thus, the increased recoil energy of the heavier cartridges is at least partly dissipated-converted to other energy forms. As a result, the gun tail can, for example, fire the cartridge with a very large change in recoil energy and thus muzzle energy, without using another locking spring 17 or causing a malfunction. There is a lack of a special stop between the bolt head 11 and the bolt head carrier 13. Only the arrangement of the open spring 17 and the elastomer buffer 41 can function as the stop.

Another advantage of the illustrated tails 11, 13 is the fact that in its released state (FIG. 2) the front region of the bolt head carrier 13 projects slightly above the front region of the bolt head 11. In this way, the cartridge can be conveyed without catching its base on the cartridge extractor or on the projection of the front region of the bolt head 11. As a result, the bolt head 11, which is not subjected to force, also does not tend to be locked “in transit”.

As shown in FIG. 6, this embodiment has two cartridge extractors 61 facing away from the conventional gripping head 11. One of these cartridge extractors 61 is shown enlarged in FIG. 7. As can be seen in the figure, the extractor has a hooked form with hook surface 63 bent backwards, which is intended to be seated on the rim of the shotgun cartridge from the front. This rim is curved forward and outward so that the hook surface 63 is located on the curved surface. Depending on whether the cartridge ejector (not shown) is disposed on the left or right side, the cartridge case is discharged to the left or right side. However, it is important that there is no longitudinal eccentric force or lateral force that can originate from one cartridge extractor 61 when the cartridge case is pulled out. Thus, even a very long cartridge ensures complete extraction. Only after the return path of the tail end is the eccentric force acting on the cartridge case, which is first released by one cartridge extractor 61 and then by another cartridge extractor 61.

In other respects, only one discharger should be switched from the right discharge to the left discharge. The two cartridge extractors 61 are held in their original positions.

9 to 12, a firearm is represented. The previous figures, namely Figures 4, 5A, 5B, 7, 8 and 9 also apply to this design.

Only partially shown shotguns may be provided with box magazines (FIGS. 10 and 11). The shotgun has a barrel 1 having a centerline or central axis of the bore 37. In the rear part of this barrel part, the chamber 3 in which the end section 4 of the barrel part 1 is connected from the rear side is comprised. The end section 4 has a substantially U-shaped cross section which opens downward and has an axial locking recess 5 on the upper side and two locking notches 6 on the lower side. The notches 6 are located at the free ends of the legs on both sides of the U-shaped cross section. Approximately half the height of each of the U-shaped legs is provided with a groove 10 in which the cartridge extractor 61 (FIG. 13) is movable and extends parallel to the axis of the bore 37.

In the case of a tumble weapon, the chamber 3 is closed rearward by means of the bolt head 11. The bolt head 11 is penetrated by a front vertical through bore hole holding the lock block 25. This locking block is inverted with a locking finger 8 at each of the two ends of the conical locking extension 7 and the (bottom) transverse pillar on the free end (upper end) of the central column, as described above. A T-shaped cross section is provided at right angles to the axis of the bore.

In the locked position the lock extension 7 engages the lock recess 5 and at the same time the lock finger 8 engages the lock notch 6.

All the contact areas are oblique to the vertical line to allow easy establishment and release of the engagement with the end section 4 of the barrel 1 of the locking block 25. However, the oblique angle of these regions is small so that the coupling is self-locking. That is, the engagement cannot be opened by the force exerted on the bolt head 11 rearward along the axis of the bore 37.

The barrel 1 and the bolt head 11 are directly connected to each other during shooting and also during the instant transfer of high initial forces to each other. No factor is affected by the transfer of forces. The barrel 1 can thus be received in the plastic case 2 at its rear end. In other words, the greatest generated force is not transmitted to the case 2.

The bolt head 11 is located on the bolt head carrier 13 (FIGS. 12A and 12B). The bolt head carrier 11 can be moved longitudinally with respect to the bolt head 11 within a certain distance. The bolt head carrier 13 has a longitudinal recess 54, a lateral recess in the area under the locking block 25 and a flat surface 59 behind the lateral recess.

The lateral recess 53 abuts on both sides of the longitudinal recess 54 by the noses 55 on each side thereof from the front, the nose projecting up and down and draping over a flat surface 59. .

The locking block 25 is comprised so that the lower area | region of the said transverse pillar may become the same height as the lower area | region of the bolt head 11 in the upper locking position (FIG. 10). In this position, the bolt head carrier 13 can be moved back and forth under the lock block 25, in which the bolt head 11 and the lock block 25 are flat surfaces 59 of the bolt head carrier 13. Slide on the

However, when the bolt head carriers 13 are moved backwards in the rest position shown in Fig. 1, the two noses 55 catch the lateral posts of the locking block 25 from both sides with their rear edges and laterally. Pull into recess 53. This location is shown in FIG. In this position the ball bundle 25 is released from the end section 4 of the barrel 1. The bolt head 11 can now move rearward with respect to the barrel 11.

The unlocked bolt head 11 further moves rearward into a guide (not shown) in the case 2 so that the locking block 25 cannot be moved upward.

Upon closure of the bolt head 11, the bolt head impinges on the rear end of the chamber 3 or the cartridge base. The bolt head carrier 13 is then pulled further forwards or pressed by the tail closing spring (only schematically indicated in the direction of the force). In this process, the inclined surface 57, which forms the rear wall of the lateral recess 53, presses the lock block 25 upwards, so that the flat surface 59 finally engages the lock block 25 and is shown in FIG. 1. The lock block is moved upward in its forward motion until it reaches position again.

In the bolt head 11 a rotary stripping block 27 is arranged approximately parallel to the intermediate column behind the locking block 25, which stripping block 27 is fixed in its normal position by a catch 28. 10, 11, 12, 8 and 9. The stripping block 27 is retained in the rear vertical through bore hole 23 in the bolt head 11.

The ball bundle 25 and the stripping block 27 are penetrated by the firing pins 19 and each have a bore hole 31 and a bore hole 34 for this purpose.

The lower end of the stripping block 27 is configured as a hammer foot 51 having an inverted T-shaped cross section that moves in an upwardly open groove 49 in the bolt head carrier 13. In the operating state, that is, in the normal position where the hammer foot 51 engages the flanks of the grooves on both sides and the stripping block 27 is held by the catch 28, the reposition of the firing pin 19 The recess 35 impinges on the protrusion 36 in the bore hole of the stripping block 27. This prevents the launch pin 19 from falling backward from the gripping head 11 when the firing pin 19 is in the normal position. If the stripping block 27 is rotated about one eighth of a turn after the catch 28 is removed, the firing pin 19 may be removed backwards. In this state, the hammer foot 51 is still engaged with the upper flank of the groove 49, so that the return of the firing pin 19 can be performed while the bolt head 11 and the bolt head carrier 13 are still fitted together. . Only once the stripping block 27 is rotated a full quarter (only after the firing pin 19 is released), the hammer foot 51 is released from the groove 49 and the bolt head 11 is connected to the bolt head carrier ( 13) can be removed.

The bore hole 31 of the locking block 25 penetrated by the firing pin 19 is formed as an elliptical hole, so that the locking block 25 is formed in FIG. 1 and in spite of the presence of the firing pin 19. It may occupy the position of FIG. 2 (locked position and unlocked position).

The launch pin 19 has a rear enlarged portion 29 of the elliptical hole 31, and a recess 33 inclined complementarily to the enlarged portion 29 is configured at the rear bottom of the elliptical hole 31. have. The recess 33 and the enlarged portion 29 of the firing pin allow the firing pin 19 to enter the elliptical hole 31 when the locking block 25 is positioned at its uppermost position (locking position in FIG. 10). Is designed to be. In this position the firing pin 19 can enter deep into the oval hole 31 such that its tip igniting the cartridge can emerge from the front region of the bolt head 11.

When the locking block 25 is lowered, the recess 33 pushes the enlarged portion 29 of the firing pin because of its special shape so that the tip of the firing pin can no longer reach the cartridge. This ensures that the cartridge can be fired if the bolt head 11 is sufficiently locked.

As described, the enlarged portion 29 and the recess 35 keep the launch pin 19 loose between the two end positions, and the inclined recess 33 of the lock block withdraws the launch pin when released. To force. As a result, firing pin springs are usually unnecessary and do not need to be provided.

A handle 65, which can be connected to a movable front shaft, for example, can be mounted to the bolt head carrier 13. A removable lock can lock this handle in the foremost position. The handle and bolt head carrier are moved back and forth to reload the weapon.

The pull head head 13 is pulled backwards when the handle 65 is pulled back, so that the head head carrier 13 pulls the locking block 15 downward with the nose 55 and through the block the head head 11 ) To move further back. In this process, the rear end of the bolt head carrier 13 pulls a hammer (not shown) of a known triggering mechanism to perform a loading motion. In the course of this movement the locking block 25 is pushed upward again in the manner described above and supported from below by a flat surface 59 on the upper side of the bolt head carrier 13. It is not entirely important that the bolt head carrier 13 is positioned further forward by 1 mm. Therefore, parallel tolerance does not affect.

One advantage of the illustrated tails 11, 13 is the fact that in its released state (FIG. 2) the front region of the bolt head carrier 13 projects slightly above the front region of the bolt head 11. In this way, the cartridge can be conveyed without catching its base on the cartridge extractor or on the projection of the front region of the bolt head 11. As a result, the bolt head 11, which is not subjected to force, also does not tend to be locked “in transit”.

As shown in Fig. 13, the present embodiment has two cartridge extractors 61 facing away from the conventional bolt head 11. This corresponds to the cartridge extractor 61 of FIG. 7.

14 shows a bolt head 71 which can be moved along two guide rods 73. This tail portion is provided with a breach block 75, and extractor hooks 77 are mounted on both sides thereof.

16 shows an enlarged extractor hook 77. It is formed, for example, by stamping from a metal sheet, and has an overall approximately T-shaped contour with the intermediate column having a bore hole 79 on its end. The rear leg 81 and the front leg 83 extend at their other ends at right angles to the intermediate column. The rear leg 81 has an angular connection 85 intended to engage a helical pressure spring (not shown) on its free end. The front leg 83 has a substantially shaped hook 87 at its free end with a surface 89 that is bent toward the intermediate pillar, which surface 89 is also acutely in the range of the intermediate pillar and also the ball bundle 75. It extends at an acute angle in FIG. 15. The two extractor hooks 77 are generally in the form of retaining pins 91 and can each rotate about an axis passing through the bore hole 79.

The tail part 1 has a longitudinal rung 95 on which the extractor hooks 77 corresponding to both sides thereof are mounted on the outside thereof. The longitudinal rungs 95 have upper and lower edges that extend into the ball of ball 75.

FIG. 15 shows a plan view of the tail portion of FIG. 14. FIG. Two hooks 77 are located on both sides of the cartridge 93. An ejector 97 is located in the region of its return movement behind the tail part 71. This ejector 97 is seen from above and only a portion thereof is shown. Viewed from the front or the rear, the ejector 97 has a U-shaped cross section. When the tail portion 71 returns, one of the longitudinal rungs 95 moves through the ejector 97. The two U-shaped legs of this ejector 97 engage with corresponding longitudinal rungs 95 above and below and extend through the ends of them into the ball stack 75. 17 shows these leg ends 99.

Since the cartridge or cartridge case 93 is held on and conveyed with the tail portion 71 by the extractor hook 77, it returns with the tail portion 71. On the other hand, the ejector 97 remains fixed during this movement of the total tail portion. In this way the longitudinal rung moves backwards through the two legs of the ejector 97. When the bunch of balls 75 touches the ejector 97, the base of the cartridge 93 impinges on its end and is pressed against the (right) extractor hook 77. Due to the interaction of the rounded contour of the rim of the cartridge with the inclined edge 89 (FIG. 16), the extractor hook 77 is pushed back and the ejector 97 gives a strong thrust to the right side of the rim of the cartridge, 93 is inclined about the left extractor 77 and discharged.

Switching the ejector 97 to the other side (left side) of the total tail portion likewise causes a right ejection.

The ejector 97 may be inserted into a longitudinal or transverse slot, depending on the weapon. The ejector may hold the component or pin of the weapon in this position.

The depicted part belongs to a large diameter semi-automatic rifle for shell cartridges whose total length reaches about 90 mm and the case length is less than 30 mm. The diameter is 20 mm. All drawings show the same model, and reference numerals apply to all drawings.

The rifle has a barrel 101 which is inserted into the power input. The rear end of the barrel 101 is configured as a chamber 103. The chamber holds the cartridge case 165 of the cartridge 163.

The power input 104 is the center where the casing 101, as well as the case, the aiming electronic unit, the sling carrier and the attachments (grenade launcher, automatic pistol, etc.) can be fastened. To form a stationary element.

The power input 104 is penetrated by a bore hole through an arrangement bore hole for the barrel 101, which bore hole has a smaller diameter in its front portion and is a bore hole for the tail closing spring pipe 160. It is configured as 167 and leads to a larger bore hole forming a gas cylinder 171. The transition between the two bore holes 167, 171 is inclined. This transition is connected to the barrel 101 by means of a gas suction bore hole 173, which extends at right angles to the barrel and continues to the barrel at the end of the chamber 103.

In the two bore holes 167, 171 specified above, there is an integral pipe consisting of two cylindrical pipe sections with different diameters, one of which is a closed barrel spring pipe 169 and the other is a gas piston ( 175). The tail closing spring pipe 169 is adjustable but essentially acts as a seal in the bore hole 167. The gas piston 175 is adjustable but essentially acts as a seal in the gas cylinder 171. The recess between the two pipe sections 169, 174 forms the active area of the gas piston 175. The gas piston 175 extends rearward to an integral part through the bolt head carrier 113.

The movable element consisting of the pipe 169, the gas piston 175 and the gripping head carrier 113 is penetrated by a bore hole that is open to the rear. The front side of the bore hole is closed. Within this bore hole, the tail closing spring arrangement bore hole is seated a tail closure spring which is not shown here but is supported at the rear of the device shown in the tail part. A firing lever is attached to the front side of the total closure spring pipe 169 (not shown here), by which the entire component 169, 175, 113 is rearward, ie the force of the total closure spring Can be moved against.

When the cartridge 179 in the chamber 103 is fired, gunpowder gas enters the gas cylinder 171 through the gas suction bore hole 173 and through the gas piston 175 all of these components 169, 175, 113. ) Is pressed backward against the force of the tail closing spring.

In this way, the bolt head carrier is moved to the rear manually or automatically. The bolt head carrier travels along a straight path of motion extending parallel to the centerline of the barrel. Longitudinal grooves in the case not shown guide the bolt head carrier with the guide of the gas closure 175 in the gas cylinder 171 and the totally closed spring pipe 169 in the bore hole 167 in the power input 104. do.

The bolt head 111 is disposed at the rear of the barrel 101 and together with the bolt head carrier 113. This bolt head can be moved back and forth with the bolt head carrier 113, but cannot be moved by itself. The travel distance is longer than the length of the cartridge 163. The movement of the bolt head 111 is also guided by longitudinal grooves or crossbars in the case.

The bolt head 111 is penetrated by a locking bolt 125 having a vertical T-shape, and the vertical beam of the bolt penetrates the vertical bore 121 in the bolt head 111. This vertical beam ends with a locking extension 107 at the bottom. The diagonally extending T-shaped horizontal beam ends with locking fingers 108 on both sides. The horizontal beam has a joining protrusion 183 extending rearward in the middle portion.

As shown in detail in FIG. 3, the lock recess 105 forms three contacts for the locking bolt 125, namely a conical bore hole in which the middle part lies on a vertical line penetrating the barrel centerline and which becomes the bottom contact. And two lock notches 106 symmetric to this vertical line are configured in the power input 104. The lock notch 106 is located in front of the protrusion of the inner surface of the power input 104.

When the locking bolt 125 is in the lower position shown, ie the locking position, the locking bolt engages into the locking recess 105 with the locking extension 107, and the locking finger 108 engages the locking notch 106. To combine. The bolt head 111 is then firmly locked in the power input 104. This is the locking position of the locking bolt 125.

When the lock bolt 125 is raised, the lock extension 107 is lifted upwards from the lock recess and the lock finger 108 is lifted upwards from the lock notch 106. The bolt head 111 is now loosened and can move backwards. This is the release position of the locking bolt 125.

The firing pin 119 penetrates the locking bolt 125 horizontally and centrally with respect to the barrel 101.

For this purpose, the firing pin 119 passes through the elliptical hole 131 in the locking bolt 125 so that the firing pin can be moved without being blocked between the locked position and the unlocked position.

As shown in FIG. 4, the launch pin 119 has a recess or enlargement 129. The rear side of the elliptical hole 131 in the locking bolt 125 is provided with an inclined edge 133 extending upward and forward from rear and bottom. This inclined edge causes the launch pin 119 to enter into the lock bolt 125 from the rear when the lock bolt is in the lock position shown in the figure. When the locking bolt 125 is moved to its unlocked position, the inclined edge 133 moves the enlarged portion 129 of the firing pin 119 thereby moving the firing pin 119 backwards. Thus, when the locking bolt 125 is in its locked position, the firing pin may reach its foremost position, such that firing of the cartridge 163 may also occur at this position.

In other weapons the spring needed to push back the firing pin 119 is replaced by aggressive control realized here by the inclined edge 133.

A through shaft 189 in which the axial tilting lever 187 is rotated in the bolt head 111 is further disposed behind the locking bolt 125. One of the legs of the rotary lever 187 engages the engagement protrusion 183, and the other rises to the bottom of the bolt head carrier 113.

A locking projection 185 descending in front of this ascending leg of the rotary lever 187 is constructed, the front side of which has an inclined edge 193 which projects upward and forward.

This arrangement works in the following way.

In the locked position (lower position) of the total bolt 125, the bolt head carrier 113 is in the foremost position (FIG. 2). The locking protrusion 185 rests on the locking bolt 125 and is prevented from being removed from its position. The position of the rotary lever 187 is the position shown in FIG.

Now when the bolt head carrier 113 is moved backwards manually or by gas pressure, the locking protrusion 185 is also moved backwards to release the locking bolt 125. At the same time, the locking projection 185 impinges on the vertical leg of the rotary lever 187 to continue to rotate it (clockwise in the figure). In this process, the horizontal leg of the rotary lever 187 lifts the engagement protrusion 183 and the locking bolt 25. The upper portion of the locking bolt 125 now falls into the engagement groove 191 configured below the bolt head carrier 113 in front of the inclined edge 193. At the same time, the locking projection 185 moves up and tilts the upper leg of the rotary lever 187 to hold the locking bolt 125 in an upper position where the locking bolt is coupled to the groove 191. As a result, the locking bolt 125 follows the movement of the bolt head carrier 113 to the rear and forcibly follows the bolt head 111. In this process, the case structure (not shown) is coupled to the locking bolt 125 from below to prevent it from falling. As a result, the described connection is maintained between these parts.

When the bolt head carrier 113 returns to the front, the bolt head 111 first contacts the rear of the barrel 101. The recesses 106, 105 of the power input 104 are located below the sections 108, 107 of the locking bolt 125 here (see FIG. 3). The locking bolt 125 can now fall down.

This downward motion is forced by the inclined edge 193 of the locking projection 185, and the locking bolt 125 is pushed downward in the inclined surface. At the same time, the rear side of the locking protrusion 185 releases the rotary lever 187 so that the rotary lever can rotate back to the position shown in FIG. The gas piston 175 integrally formed with the gripping head carrier 113 now strikes the front end of the gas cylinder 171. The bolt head 111 is now locked. In this process the locking bolt 125 is located in its downward position at which the inclined edge 133 releases the firing pin 119.

The weapon is now ready to fire if cartridge 163 is present in chamber 103.

As shown, the length of the cartridge case 165 is less than one third of the total return motion of the total tails 111, 113. This means that the cartridge case 165 has already been completely removed from the chamber 103 even before the tail portions 111 and 113 are significantly delayed by the tail closing spring. However, since the barrel 101 must be substantially reduced in pressure when the cartridge case 165 is completely removed, the acceleration steps of the barrel tails 111 and 113 are already completed.

Therefore, the bolt bundle 181 of the bolt head 111 is provided with a side crossbar 195 at the top and the bottom to support the cartridge case 165. It is more difficult to ensure lateral support of the cartridge case 165.

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which shows a horizontal cross section along the center of the bolt head 111. The bolt head 111 has two slot-shaped recesses 110 extending rearward through the spring bore holes 197 and symmetrical to each other.

In one of these recesses 110 (down recess), an extractor hook 161 is inserted in which a spring (not shown) in the associated spring bore hole 197 acts through the tappet. The extractor hook 161 can rotate about a vertical axis. The support body 199 is located in another recess 110 which is held by the vertical axis. This support body 199 is similar to the extractor hook 161 but slightly larger and cannot be moved within the recess 110. Moreover, unlike the extractor hook 161, the support body 199 does not enclose the cartridge base of the cartridge 163 located within the chamber 104. It is only necessary to replace the extractor hook 161 with a spring for the support body 199 and to change the ejector (not shown) upon rearrangement of the discharge direction.

Claims (41)

In a compact firearm having a locking head portion having a bolt head (11, 111) and a bolt head carrier (13, 113), The thrust heads 11 and 111 are penetrated by the locking blocks 25 and 125 which can move across the direction of movement of the total tail and interlock with the locking projections over a large area at the locking position. Mini firearms. The method of claim 1, A sturdy barrel 1 having a chamber 3, a bolt head 11 which can be locked against the barrel 1 and a tail closure spring 9 can be supported and moved relative to the bolt head 11. Semi-automatic firearm with a thrust head carrier 13, wherein a strong additional spring 17, 41, on which the thrust head carrier is supported, is placed between the thrust head carrier and the thrust head when the thrust head carrier is locked. To The bolt head 11 is characterized in that it is supported through the spring device 17, 41 without any other mechanical stop on the bolt head carrier 13. Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 2, The spring devices 17, 41 are characterized in that they counteract compression with increasing force in a nonlinear manner. Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 3, wherein The spring devices 17, 41 have a powerful spring 17 and a buffer device 41 parallel thereto, the spring 17 having an essentially linear characteristic and the shock absorbing device 41 has a spring 17. Characterized in that it is not subjected to pressure until it is partially compressed Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 4, wherein Preferably, the buffer device 41 is characterized in that made of at least one stack of elastomer buffer having a large hysteresis. Semi-automatic firearms. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, Characterized in that the spring device (17, 41) is supported on the total head (11) in the locked state transition portion (39) Semi-automatic firearms. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, The bolt head 11 is characterized in that penetrated by the firing pin 19 Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 7, wherein The gripping head 11 is freely penetrated by the firing pin 19 in the locked position and penetrated by the locking block 25 which restrains the firing pin 19 in the non-operating withdrawal position in the unlocked state. By Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 8, The locking block 25 has an inclined surface, characterized in that the locking block withdraws the firing pin 19 to an inoperative position through the inclined surface upon transition from the locked position to the unlocked position. Semi-automatic firearms. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, The locking block 25 can be moved across the gripping head 11 in the locked and unlocked state, and is a component 4 integrally formed with or firmly fastened to the barrel 1 in the locked position. Characterized by falling into recesses 5 in the Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 10, The locking block 25 has a foot strip 8 having front and rear guide surfaces, The gripping head carrier 13 is disposed on the side of the gripping head 11 that is bent toward the foot strip 8 and has front and back carrier strips 55 and 57 so that the gripping head carrier returns Impinges with its front carrier strip 55 on the front guide surface of the foot strip 8 of the lock block 25 so as to extract the lock block from the recess 55 in the course of the movement, Impinges on the rear carrier strip 57 on the rear guide surface of the foot strip 8 of the locking block 25 to force the locking block into the recess 5 and, if necessary, into the locking notch 6, At least one of each of the front or rear foot and carrier strips 53, 55, 57, 59 is inclined Semi-automatic firearms. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, The semi-automatic firearm is characterized in that the semi-automatic shotgun Semi-automatic firearms. The method of claim 1, The bolt head 11, which can be moved in the longitudinal or firing direction, can be inserted into the recess in the casing 1, 2 of the bolt head 11 and the weapon to lock the bolt head 11 and the bolt In a firearm having a locking block (25) which can be moved across the head and a handle (65) for moving the bolt head (11) forward or backward and inserting and releasing the locking block (25), A bolt head carrier 13 is provided which can be moved through initial and final movement parallel to the bolt head 11 and moves the bolt head 11 during final movement, At least one inclined surface 57 is configured on the gripping head carrier 13 that engages the opposing surface on the locking block 25 so that the locking block 25 is released or inserted when a final movement is made. Characterized by Firearms. The method of claim 1, The bolt head carrier 13 may be moved through a lossy motion movement before the initial movement, and the lock head 11 is kept locked during the lossy motion movement. Firearms. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The case 1, 2 of the weapon is formed by the rear end of the barrel 1 or the barrel retainer case and the plastic case 2, The recesses 5, 6 are characterized in that they are arranged on the rear end of the barrel 1 or in the barrel retainer case in the cases 1, 2 of the weapon. Firearms. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, The bolt head 11 is characterized in that penetrated by the firing pin 19 Firearms. The method of claim 4, wherein The bolt head 11 is freely penetrated by the firing pin 19 in the locked position and penetrated by the locking block 25 which restrains the firing pin 19 in a non-operational withdrawal position in the unlocked state. By Firearms. The method of claim 5, The locking block 25 has an inclined edge 33 which allows the locking block to withdraw the firing pin 19 into the inoperative position through the inclined edge upon transition from the locked position to the unlocked position. Characterized Firearms. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, The locking block 25 can be moved across the bolt head 11 in the locked and unlocked positions and in the component 4 integrally constructed with or rigidly fastened to the barrel 1 in the locked position. Characterized by falling into the recess 5 Firearms. The method of claim 7, wherein The locking block 25 has a foot strip 8 having front and rear guide surfaces, The gripping head carrier 13 is disposed on the side of the gripping head 11 that is bent toward the foot strip 8 and has front and back carrier strips 55 and 57 so that the gripping head carrier returns The front carrier strip 55 on the front guide surface of the foot strip 8 of the lock block 25 so as to extract the lock block from the recess 55 and, if necessary, from the lock notch 6 during the course of the movement. And a rear carrier on the rear guide surface of the foot strip 8 of the locking block 25 to force the locking block into the recess 5 and, if necessary, into the locking notch 6 in the closing movement. Collide with strip 57, At least one of each of the front or rear foot and carrier strips 53, 55, 57, 59 is inclined Firearms. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, Shotgun cartridge or other cartridge having a diameter of 15mm or more is provided Firearms. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, Application of the automatic loading mechanism instead of the handle 65 is provided Firearms. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 22, Preferably a cartridge ejection device for a rifle, preferably having at least two cartridge extractor hooks (7) springs mounted on a moving tail portion or bolt head (1) and facing each other, When the tail or gull head 1 is returned, the cartridge or cartridge case 23 is jointly extracted by all cartridge extractor hooks 7 and rotates about the cartridge extractor hooks 7 in the process. Characterized in that at least one fixed ejector 27 can be assigned to one or each of the cartridge extractor hooks 7 so as to be discharged to a side which does not have an assigned ejector 27. Cartridge ejection device. The method of claim 23, wherein It is characterized in that two cartridge extractor hooks 7 and one switchable ejector 27 are provided opposite each other. Cartridge ejection device. The method of claim 24, The ejector 27 is disposed on both sides of one of the two cartridge extractor hooks 7 and moves in the groove of the total tail or gland head 1 or along the crossbar 25 and the cartridge extractor hooks ( Characterized in that it comprises two ejector protrusions 29 which engage in the ball bundle 5 on both sides of 7). Cartridge ejection device. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, The cartridge extractor hook 7 has a hook-shaped end 17 having a surface 19 bent towards the ball set, the hook-shaped end 17 such that the surface forms an acute angle in a plane parallel to the set of balls. Is enclosed in the rim of the cartridge 23, characterized in that these surfaces 19 are removed forward from the center of the stack. Cartridge ejection device. The method of claim 26, The acute angle lies between 0 ° and 15 ° Cartridge ejection device. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, Characterized in that the device is assigned to a shotgun or weapon having a diameter of 15 mm or more. Cartridge ejection device. In a large diameter rifle having a rear end of the barrel 191 and a locking contact 105, 106 of the axles 111, 113, in particular having a central power input 104 according to claim 1, The barrel 101 includes a gas suction opening 173 in the power input unit 104, and a gas cylinder 171 connected to the gas suction opening 173 is firmly connected to the power input unit 104. Characterized in that Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 29, The chamber 103 is provided in the barrel 101, The gas intake opening 173 is connected to a bore hole in the power input 104 adjacent the upper end of the chamber and connected into the front end of the gas cylinder 171. Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 30, The gas cylinder 171 is characterized in that configured in the power input unit 104 Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 30, The bore hole 173 extends at right angles to the firing direction. Large caliber rifle. The method according to any one of claims 30 to 32, The gas cylinder 171 is located above the chamber 104, characterized in that Large caliber rifle. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 34, wherein Has a bolt head 111 and a bolt head carrier 113, The bolt head carrier 113 forms the gas piston 175. Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 34, wherein A pipe 169 is firmly connected to or integrally formed with the bolt head carrier 113, and partially penetrates the gas cylinder 171 and penetrates as an attachment pipe for the tail closing spring. Large caliber rifle. 36. The method of claim 35 wherein A loading handle can be connected to or connected to the pipe 169. Large caliber rifle. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 36, A locking bolt 125 penetrates transversely to the bolt head 111 and is engaged by the bolt head carrier 113 in the structure 105, 106 of the power input 104 at its rest position and consequently the bolt. Characterized by being pushed to a safe position for locking the head 111 Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 37, On the one hand there is a rotary lever 187 which engages the movement path of the bolt head carrier 113 and on the other hand the movement path of the locking bolt 125 is arranged in the bolt head 111 and the bolt head. Characterized in that the locking bolt 125 in the resting position is pulled from the structures 105 and 106 of the power input unit 104 during the movement of the carrier 113. Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 38, The locking bolt 125 is coupled to the bolt head carrier 113 and the lock bolt 125 and the bolt head 111 are caught by the movement thereof. Large caliber rifle. The method of claim 37, wherein The locking bolt 125 has an elliptical hole 131 penetrated by the firing pin 119, the firing pin 119 has a recess 129 behind the locking bolt 125, The elliptical hole 131 engages on the recess 129 of the firing pin 119 and when the locking bolt 125 is withdrawn from engagement with the structures 105 and 106 of the power input 104. And a rear beveled edge 133 for pushing the firing pin back. Large caliber rifle. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 40, Two recesses 110 are formed in the gripping head 111 transversely to the locking bolt 125, which constitute a bore hole 197 for a set bolt and a spring for urging it from the rear forward. An extractor 161 is inserted into one of the recesses 110, which can be rotated against the force of the set bolt, A support element 199 is inserted into the opposing recess 110 which, if possible, supports the base of the cartridge 179 or cartridge case 165 laterally and faces the extractor 161. Large caliber rifle.