IT201800006179A1 - LOCKING MECHANISM FOR PORTABLE FIREARMS WITH FRONT CASE EXPULSION - Google Patents

Description

Description of the industrial invention application entitled: "locking mechanism for portable firearms with front case ejection".

DESCRIPTION

The present invention refers to a closing mechanism for portable firearms with adaptation to allow, in association with a suitable ejection device, the front ejection of the extracted cartridge case.

By ejection we mean that part of the functional cycle of the weapon that allows the removal of the cartridge case just fired from the weapon, to allow the loading of a new ammunition and the repetition of the firing cycle.

Normally the expulsion takes place laterally, however in some weapons it occurs from the front by means of a guide in which the cartridge case is channeled and then removed from the weapon.

At present, the devices for inserting the cartridge case into the special ejection guide are all of the tilting type, i.e. they work by rotation around an axis to be able to tilt the cartridge case upwards and direct it towards the ejection guide.

However, the above mechanisms are subject to easy jams and malfunctions due to the delicacy of the mechanism itself.

The present invention aims to obviate this drawback by providing a simpler and more efficient system by imposing a vertical sliding of the case on the face of the shutter towards the ejection guide (suitably configured to be able to hold the case itself).

The mechanism shown here is of the metastable delay type with rear hinged fins, the opening of which is controlled by the firing pin holder (thus ensuring both safety against premature firing and that against premature opening), although the device for the front ejection it can also be applied to shutters with labile or absolute closure.

In the front face of the bolt there are two extractors designed to remove the case from the cartridge chamber. Said L-shaped extractors, in the working position, are aligned with two guides placed above them, thus allowing the axial sliding of the cartridge case along the shutter face towards the ejection guide. In the present invention, the shutter has been configured to slide the cartridge case vertically, towards a guide placed above the closing mechanism, although it is possible to position the guides and extractors in different positions to be able to interface with an ejection guide placed laterally with respect to the closing mechanism.

The characteristics and advantages of this system and this method will be clearer and more evident from the following description with reference to the attached figures, which specifically illustrate:

TAB.I Fig.1 represents an overall view of the closing mechanism;

TAB.II Figs.1,2 represents the spring guide rod of the recovery device;

Figure TAV.II Figg.3 represents, by way of preferential and non-binding example, the retaining ring suitable to constrain the bolt carrier carriage together with the recovery device

TAB.II Figg.4 represents, by way of preferential and non-binding example, the locking pin used to hold the springs along the rods of TAB.II Figg.1,2;

TAB.III Figs.1,2,3,4,5,6 represent the bolt carrier carriage, in which the bolt head is constrained to close the breech;

The T A V. IV Figs. 1,2,3,4,5 represent the bolt head complete with firing pin, extractors and closing wings

TAV.V Figs.1,2,3,4,5,6 represent the body of the bolt head, as a preferential and non-binding example, with the relative housings for the various components;

TAV.VI Figs.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 represent the breech in which the locking devices carried by the bolt head are supported;

TAB.VII Figs.1,2,3,4,5 represent the firing pin intended to trigger the incendive chain of the cartridge;

TAB.VII Fig.7 represents the opening phase of the closing flaps by the firing pin;

TAB.VIII Figs. 1, 2,3,4 represent the closing tabs intended to constrain the bolt head to the breech;

TAB.VIII Figs. 5,6,7,8,9 represent the extractors intended to remove the shell fired from the chamber during the opening phase.

The closing mechanism is composed of a recovery device (T A V. I Fig. 1, 1 a), a bolt carrier carriage, as a preferential and non-binding example, (TAV.I Fig.1,1b), and the bolt head (TAV.I Fig.1,1c).

The recovery device has the task of supplying the shutter with the energy necessary to return to closing after the shutter has opened due to the force generated by the deflagration of the launch charge.

Therefore it is composed of a support (TAB.II Fig.1,2) consisting of a transversal element at the ends of which two cylindrical elements (TAB.II Fig.2,2a) branch off orthogonally to the surface of the same (TAB.II Fig.2,2a) on which two springs are invested (TAV.II Fig.1,2b) intended to store elastic potential energy during the opening phase and transfer it to the shutter bringing it back to close.

The springs are held in place, as a preferential and non-binding example, by two oval-shaped elastic pins (TAV.II Fig. 4.2c) inserted in two housings made at the ends of the two rods 1e.

The pins also have the function of binding the recovery device to the bolt carrier carriage by means of two ring nuts (TAB.II Fig.3) housed in the appropriate seat of the lower appendages of the bolt carrier carriage (TAB.III Fig.2,3d).

The ferrules, as a preferential and non-binding example, can rotate assuming two positions, based on the two grooves present on the body of the ferrule itself: the first (TAV.II Fig.3,2d) is a partial groove so that the locking pin is in contact with the body of the ring nut itself, thus binding the bolt carrying carriage to the recovery device, while the second (TAV.II Fig.3,2f) is a through groove so that the locking pin can pass through the ring nut body allowing the bolt assembly to be removed from the recovery device.

The bolt carrying carriage, if present, consists of an internally milled prismatic element as it is intended to accommodate the bolt head and the firing pin head.

The front part of the bolt carrying carriage has an oblong shaped milling, as a preferential and non-binding example, (TAV.III Fig.2,3i) intended to accommodate the rear part of the bolt head (TAV.V Fig. 4,5f). The latter is constrained by rotation once inserted into the body of the bolt carrying carriage, blocking the ports of the passage hole, preventing the release of the head from the carriage. In order to ensure greater safety and prevent accidental disengagement between the parts, in the upper part of the bolt carrier there is a seat (TAV.III Fig.1,3b) in the shape of a "B" into which a locking element is inserted "T" shaped and held in place by a spring (TAV.I Fig.2,1d). This pin fits into the grooved seat in the rear part of the bolt head (TAV.V Fig.5,5i).

Furthermore, in the rear part, the trolley has two appendages (TAB.III Fig.2,3d) intended to make the trolley slide along the rods of the device. In the front part of the aforesaid appendages the seats for the constraint of the locking ring nuts are obtained, designed to prevent the release of the bolt carrying carriage from the recovery device.

In the lower rear part of the trolley there is an inclined plane (TAB.III Fig.3,3g) intended to control the ejection lever. During the recoil phase, the inclined plane contrasts against the ejector lever forcing it downwards, and thus causing the front part to rise from the lever itself which, hitting the case below, causes it to slide vertically along the appropriate guides (TAV .V Fig.5,5b) obtained on the bolt head towards the ejection guide.

Also in the lower part there is a longitudinal groove (TAB.III Fig.3,3h) to allow the slide of the bolt carriage with respect to the disconnector of the firing mechanism. Only when the carriage reaches the end of its stroke, the disconnector is intercepted, thus guaranteeing the correct functioning of the safety device against premature firing.

In the upper part, on the other hand, there is a wedge-shaped surface (TAV.III Fig. 4.3e) intended to strike the bottom of the cartridge case when the latter is wedged into the ejection guide. In the closing phase, the impact between the aforementioned appendix and the cartridge case transfers kinetic energy to the cartridge case, making it travel along the ejection guide and thus moving it away from the weapon.

As a preferential and non-binding example, the bolt head is inserted into the front part of the bolt carrying carriage by means of the joint (TAV.V Fig.2,5g) of the shank (TAV.V Fig.6,5f) . To insert it, it is necessary to rotate it clockwise and then counterclockwise in order to block the joint in the solid parts of the trolley. For greater safety, as a preferential and non-binding example, in the upper part of the joint there is a small milling (TAV.V Fig.5,5i) in which the locking pin is inserted (T A V. l Fig. 2, 1e) made elastic by the spring (T A V. I Fig. 2, 1 e), both housed in the upper part of the bolt carrying carriage.

The prismatic shutter is made up of a metal block suitably worked to obtain the housings for the various components.

In particular, two rectangular windows are obtained laterally (TAV.V Fig.6,5a) where the closing flaps are located. Said fins are kept in place by two through pins located in the appropriate housings (TAV.V Fig.2,5h) obtained orthogonally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shutter.

In the front face of the bolt there are two vertical grooves (TAV.V Fig.5,5b) in which the collar of the case is inserted in such a way as to guide it upwards during the ejection phase and bring it to fit into the clamp bench of the expulsion device through which it will then be removed from the weapon.

The front guides are interrupted in the lower part of the obturator face, in such a way as to create the housing (TAV.V Fig. 1, 5o) for the two extractors. On the side of the two seats 3o there are two holes (TAV.V Fig.1, 5d) for the seats of the springs (TAV.VII Fig.6,7m) necessary to keep the two extractors in the closed position. Said extractors are held in place by two pins (TAB.VII Fig.7,7n) housed in the appropriate holes (TAV.V Fig.4,5n) orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the obturator. In the center of the front face there is also another hole (TAV.V Fig. 1, 5c) necessary for the passage of the firing pin, housed inside the shutter itself.

This firing pin slides along two guides obtained inside the shutter body and in particular, one located below with a square section (TAV.V Fig.6,51), and an upper semicircular (TAV.V Fig.3,5m).

Finally, in the lower front part of the bolt there is the introducer element (TAV.V Fig.6,5e), consisting of a projection designed to push the new ammunition towards the cartridge chamber during the closing phase.

In the closing phase, the bolt is inserted into the breech where it performs the closing phase. The breech consists of a box-shaped metal element, as a preferential and non-binding example, in which there is a sleeve in the front part (TAV.VI Fig. 1, 6c) inside which the rear part of the barrel is inserted (TAV .VI Fig.5,6f) in such a way that, once welded and pinned in place, a solid bond is created between the two components.

In the lateral part of the breech there are two windows of rectangular section (T A V .VI Fig. 1, 6a) in which, during the closing phase, the two fins carried by the bolt take hold, thus creating a mechanical constraint between the parts in a such as to withstand the stresses of the shot. Above the body of the breech there is a rectangular milling (TAV.VI Fig.6,6g) to lighten the piece, while in the lower part there is a second one (TAV.VI Fig.7,6e). Also in the lower part, in the internal part of the breech, there is the feeding ramp (TABLE VI Fig. 4.6d) consisting of a flare and intended to provide the ammunition that is chambered with a path towards the cartridge chamber. On the side of the breech body there are two pairs of guides (TAV.VI Fig. 4.6b) intended to insert the barrel-breech assembly inside the gun frame.

Once inserted, the breech is held in place, as a preferential and non-binding example, by two pegs located inside the barrel of the weapon itself in an orthogonal position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the breech. These pegs are inserted into the appropriate grooves (TAV.VI Fig.7,6h) obtained in the lower front part of the breech, keeping it in place.

As already stated, various elements are housed inside the bolt, intended for the realization of the functional cycle of the weapon.

First of all, the firing pin necessary for the deflagration of the launch charge contained inside the case. The firing pin is made up of a cylindrical element (TAB.VII Fig.1,7e), in which a trapezoidal element is obtained (TAB.VII Fig.1, 7d), intended to control the opening of the closing flaps by means of special projection (TAB.VII Fig.6,8c), thus creating a mechanical link between the breech and bolt.

The upper part of the trapezoidal element is hemispherical (TAB.VII Fig.4,7f), while in the lower part there is a longitudinal milling with a square section (TAV.VII Fig.3,7e), which fit into the special guides (TAB.VII Fig.6,51 and Fig. 3, 5m) obtained inside the bolt head.

In the front part of the firing pin there is the stem of the firing pin (TAB.VII Fig.2,7b) at the end of which there is the tip (TAV.VII Fig.1, 7c) intended to trigger the capsule carried by the bottom of the cartridge.

In the rear part of the firing pin body there are two rectangular projections (TAB VII Fig. 1, 7a) which are inserted in the special guides obtained inside the body of the bolt carrier, allowing the firing pin to slide forward when hit by the hammer during the firing phase. Behind the body of the firing pin is the head of the firing pin itself (PLATE VII Fig. 1, 7g) of hemispherical shape, where the hammer strikes the firing pin making it move forward. During this phase, the inclined planes of the trapezoidal element force the closing flaps to open, guaranteeing closure of the shutter. This solution also guarantees safety against premature firing as the firing pin is prevented from advancing towards the capsule if the closing flaps have not been opened first.

The aforementioned flaps consist of two L-shaped blocks, in which there is a rectangular structure on the front face (TAV.VIII Fig.2,8a) destined to be linked to the breech thus guaranteeing closure. During the opening and closing phase of the flap, this is free to rotate around the pin (TAB.VII Fig.7,7o) housed in the hole (TAB.VIII Fig.2,8b), obtained in the rear part of the body of the 'fin.

On the opposite side, on the other hand, there is a prominence (TAV.VIII Fig.2,8c) against which the inclined planes of the trapezoidal element contrast, which controls its opening during the advancement phase. Conversely, during the bolt opening phase, the lower part, opposing against the breech, tends to open the fins inwards, which however contrast against the trapezoidal element of the firing pin. This delay in opening ensures that the pressure in the cartridge chamber returns to re-establish itself with values close to atmospheric ones, avoiding the danger of a possible premature opening of the bolt with all the relative consequences, both for the weapon itself and for the shooter.

Finally, in the internal part of the flap there is a longitudinal groove (TAV.VIII Fig.4,8d) to allow the passage of the firing pin.

Finally, the extractor, whose task is to bind itself to the collar of the cartridge case and extract it from the cartridge chamber during the opening phase, consists of a T-shaped element located in the appropriate seats obtained in the front face of the shutter.

The extractor has a prominence (TAV VIII Fig.5,9a) necessary to fit into the collar of the cartridge case during the chambering phase, while on the opposite side, in a central position, there is a prominence (TAV VIII Fig.5,9b ) against which the spring (TAB.VIII Fig.6,7m) acts to keep it in the closed position.

The rotations of the extractors in the opening and closing phases take place around the pin (TAV.VIII Fig.7,7n) housed inside the through hole (T A V. IV Fig.4,5n) in the bolt head.

Claims (8)

CLAIMS 1. Closing mechanism for portable firearms consisting of a bolt head (TAV.I, Fig.1, 1c), bolt carrier (TAV.I, Fig.1, 1b) and recovery device (TAV.I, Fig. 1, 1a). 2. Mechanism according to claim 1 which provides an anterior lateral symmetrical metastable closure by means of oscillating closing flaps (TAV.VIII, Figs.1,2,3) 3. Mechanism according to claim 2 in which the opening of the fins is controlled by the inclined planes of the firing pin holder (TAV.VII, Fig. 1, 7d) which, by advancing, forces the opening of the fins and the support in the appropriate seats obtained in the breech (TABLE VI, Fig. 1, 6a). This precaution also guarantees safety against premature firing since, if the wings are not fully open and locked, the firing pin is prevented from advancing towards the cartridge priming capsule. 4. Mechanism according to claim 1 in which the bolt head and the bolt carrier carriage are jointed together with rotation by means of appendages carried by the bolt head (TAV.V, Fig. 2, 5g) which are inserted into special recesses obtained in the bolt carrier carriage (TAB.III, Fig. 2, 3i). The connection between the parts is also guaranteed by a locking pin (TAV.I, Fig. 2, 1e) which prevents the separation between the two components. 5. Mechanism according to claim 1 in which the recovery device consists of a support (TAB.II, Fig.1, 2a) on which the springs are invested and equipped with a quick coupling system by means of a rotating ring nut (TAV.II, Fig. 3, 2e) inserted in the appendages of the bolt carrier carriage (TAV.III, Fig. 2, 3d). The ring nuts can rotate in two different positions allowing the passage of the locking pins of the springs (TAB.II, Fig. 4, 2c) thus allowing to separate the recovery device from the shutter assembly. 6. Mechanism according to claim 1, in which the prismatic-shaped shutter head has ejection guides in the front face of the L-shaped shutter (TAV.V, Fig. 5, 5b) into which the case bottom is inserted to guide it in the upward ejection phase. 7. Obturator head according to claim 6 in which extractors of shape, features and operation similar to those indicated are housed (TAV.VIII, Fig.8, 9). The pair of extractors is located on the front face of the shutter immediately below the ejection guides (TAV.V, Fig.1, 5o) and made elastic by two springs (TAV.VII, Fig.6, 7m) located in special seats obtained in the shutter (TAV.V, Fig.1, 5d) which contrast with the external appendage of the extractors themselves (TAV.VIII, Fig.6, 9b) keeping them in the closed position. 8. Mechanism according to claim 1 in which the bolt carrying carriage controls the lowering of the ejector lever (TAV.III, Fig. 3, 3g) which, by rotating, strikes the case below, imposing an upward movement in the guides obtained in the face front of the bolt head and thus bringing the case to fit into the clamp bench of the ejection device. The cartridge case is then removed from the firearm by the special appendix (TAV.III, Fig. 3, 3e) located above the bolt carrier carriage, which, striking the bottom of the cartridge case, leads it to travel along the ejection guide up to eject it from the weapon.