KR20050057159A - Locked self-loading firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-loading handheld firearm comprising a rigid barrel (1) which is provided with a cartridge chamber (3), a lockable closing head (11) which is locked in relation to the barrel (1) and a closing carrier (13) which can be displaced in relation to the closing head whereon a closing spring (9) is supported. An additional, progressively powerful spring arrangement (17, 41) is arranged between the closing carrier (13) and the closing head (11), via which the (heavy) closing carrier (13) is supported when the closing head (11) is locked.

Description

Semi-Automatic Handgun Rifle {LOCKED SELF-LOADING FIREARM}

The present invention provides a rigid barrel having a chamber, a lock head capable of being locked to the barrel, and a lock mount that is movable with respect to the lock head and is equipped with a recoil spring, wherein the lock mount and the lock are provided. An additional powerful spring mechanism is arranged between the heads, and when the lock head is locked, the heavy lock mount relates to a semi-automatic hand held rifle supported by the lock head via the spring mechanism.

Position indications such as "above" in this specification only refer to the conventional firing position of the semi-automatic rifle in the horizontal firing direction extending in the "forward".

Semi-automatic rifles, particularly semi-automatic shotguns with sensitive ammunition cases, have always been problematic due to the extremely low shelf life of the ammunition, especially when loading weapons. In the case of a semi-automatic shotgun, an ammunition with exactly the same measurement can have very different payloads, which sometimes lead to different residual pressures.

By the way, many semi-automatic weapon locks tend to open in advance when the bullet is still in the barrel or when the gas pressure has not sufficiently dropped.

In semi-automatic weapons such as semi-automatic pistols and / or gun barrels or shotguns designed for strong ammunition, low residual pressures prematurely inflate or explode most shells when the lock is opened. This residual pressure is inevitable for simple semi-automatic pistols with blow-back locks. However, the lockable recoil loader also has a residual pressure when the lock is opened unsuitable for some shot shells when the lock is opened. Recoil-loaded semi-automatic rifle made for weak ammunition also generally has the problem that it can lead to an increase in residual pressure for stronger ammunition.

Shotgun shells are already entirely made of metal. However, metal casings are generally not suitable because they are expensive and heavy.

Another problem is that the shotgun shell has a small tensile-loaded capacity in its longitudinal direction. In the case of inexpensive shotgun shells made of cardboard having a metal bottom, the metal floor is separated from the rest of the shell in the chamber. This tendency is augmented by the low conicity of shotgun ammunition.

For about 100 years, shotguns have used a recoil-loading system in which the barrel and the closed lock first extend back over the entire return range and the pressure dissipates almost completely during the process (Browning, Walther). The lock is then held fixed in the rearmost position and the barrel is decelerated under the action of the force of the spring and guided forward relatively slowly. With this lock, the casing is also held stationary, so that the casing gently exits the barrel. Therefore, excessive thrust does not occur in the casing. After the release of the casing, the lock snaps forward again under the influence of the recoil spring and receives new ammunition in the process.

These shotguns are extremely reliable, even with differently loaded ammunition. However, these shotguns have two different disadvantages:

Built-in brakes, which can slow the movement of the barrel and adjust for extreme loading differences, work only under strictly defined conditions (eg when there is some oil in the part).

Support from the housing is needed to move the barrel relatively slowly and strongly backwards. This occurs when the weapon is pressed against the user's shoulder. However, when the weapon is fired from the hip, the support is omitted, which can lead to serious loading errors.

Therefore, such a system is not suitable for shotguns used for military and police purposes.

In recent years, there is a tendency to switch to a gas pressure loader in a shotgun. Gas pressure loaders have long been used in semi-automatic rifles and have proven effective for rifles. Semi-automatic shotguns, however, require a defined gas pressure and a casing that is easily removed and has a resistant shot. In modern powerful ammunition with metal ammunition bottoms with long sleeves and plastic casing bodies with longitudinal ribs, such gas-loaded shotguns function without problems. However, when compared to low quality ammunition, this shotgun lacks the quietness of a recoil-loaded shotgun. Thus, the gas pressure loader functions the same when fired from the hip or shoulder.

However, gas pressure loaders are very complex. Depending on the power used, gas pressure loaders require different levels of cleaning and are sensitive to oil shortages, dust and rust because of the large metal-to-metal contact area. Shortening the gas piston by loading the lock with the extracted powder gas is advantageous for simplifying the structure, but increases the risk of contamination.

Modern recoil loaders that operate without moving the barrel are also known (eg weapon G3), but have the disadvantage of being insensitive to ammunition. In other words, these reloadable weapons, especially shotguns of this type, are very sensitive in terms of ammunition.

Now, semi-automatic weapons, in particular, semi-automatic shotguns, which are simple, robust and free of ammunition restrictions, are generally useful. These shotguns can be used as hunting weapons in underdeveloped areas where a variety of ammunition is used, as valuable police or military weapons, as emergency weapons on military aircraft, and in particular in the following situations:

Even if you cannot use the weapon after prolonged periods of inactivity even if you cannot undergo prior inspection and cleaning,

If regulations on ammunition are not tricky,

If the value of the weapon is not too expensive.

Indeed, other recoil-loading systems for shotguns that are locked but still have a hard barrel are also known. The system is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,604,942, which has a lock mount that is loosely seated on the weapon, which is in place due to inertial mass while all other parts of the weapon move backward due to recoil. maintain. The lock mount and the lock head are designed to move toward each other and ultimately collide with each other.

In fact, a seemingly simple weapon is in fact very complex. In addition, the recoil loading system is not considered to function safely, so no weapons on the market with this system are provided anymore. Thereafter, the system is incorporated with a pump gun mechanism so that semi-automatic operation can be switched selectively (Benelli Super M3). These known weapons have tube magazines, which are not suitable for the weapons of interest in the present invention.

Summary of the Invention

In view of this problematic situation, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new type of semi-automatic hand held rifle that at least partially overcomes the above disadvantages of recoil and gas pressure loaders.

In particular, it is to provide a simple and inexpensive semi-automatic handgun that can be manufactured with very large tolerances and is particularly insensitive to ammunition.

This object is achieved in accordance with the present invention, and in the semi-automatic hand held rifle of the class described above, a strong spring mechanism is disposed between the lock mount and the lock head, when the lock head is locked (heavy). The lock mounting portion is supported by the lock head via the spring mechanism. Except for the spring mechanism, since there is no impact between the lock head and the lock mount, the initial relative movement between these parts is not limited by the impact (claim 1).

When the lock head is locked against the barrel, the weapon is locked. In general, the locked state can be released by moving the lock mount slightly back from this position. Now, the lock mount, which moves further towards the rear, receives the lock head behind it. During subsequent and common forward movements of the lock mount and lock head, the ammunition is inserted into the chamber. The lock head impinges on the bottom of the ammunition or chamber and stops. The lock mount unlocked on the lock head locks the lock head relative to the barrel and stops.

This is the progress of the movement by the normal recoil loader with the hard barrel, and the progress of the movement when loading the weapon according to the present invention. However, in all general semi-automatic weapons the lock mount is pressed against the fixed impact, generally against the lock head, by the recoil spring, whereas the lock mount of the present invention is not attached to the lock head. Rather, the lock mount is supported by the lock head via a powerful spring mechanism, but can generally move forward without causing a collision. Thus, the relationship between the lock spring and the spring mechanism determines the position where the lock mount is finally located. Wide tolerances are possible and are acceptable in the present invention.

By the way, when referring to "locking spring" in the present specification, it means that the locking spring mechanism may be made of several springs.

During firing (from the shoulder or hip), the weapon performs a short and powerful rearward movement, which is felt as a reaction to the launcher. All parts that remain completely fixed to the weapon, i. E. The fixed barrel and the fixed lock head, also follow this reaction movement.

In the weapon according to the invention, the recoil moving locking mount does not follow, but rather remains in absolute position as a result of its mass inertia, as opposed to the usual. This results in the barrel and the lock head moving backwards relative to the lock mount as a result of recoil, ie against the power of a strong spring mechanism, and can usually be supported by a much weaker lock spring. As can be seen from the barrel, the barrel and lock head are stationary. The lock mount moves backwards against this and is limited by the spring mechanism.

The stronger the ammunition, the stronger the recoil, i.e., the rear acceleration of the barrel and the weapon parts rigidly connected to the barrel presses the spring mechanism together in a correspondingly strong manner between the lock head and the lock mount, so that the lock mount Always move forward with respect to the lock head.

In this connection, it is emphasized that the spring mechanism can be directly or indirectly operated between the lock mount and the lock head and then supported by any other part of the weapon that can be locked to the lock head.

The above-described process with respect to the relative movement between the lock head and the lock mount is stopped when an equilibrium occurs between the spring mechanism on the one hand and the lock inertia on the other, which can be supported by the power of the recoil spring. . Thus, the path of travel is rather short, because:

-Launcher's shoulders or arms offset the recoil of the weapon.

The recoil effect of fired ammunition on a weapon ends (mostly) when the ammo or ammo leaves the barrel. (In the case of shotguns, the share of recoil is relatively small due to the gas flowing forwards from behind the reload or ammo.)

After the relative motion is stopped, the compressed spring mechanism begins to inflate again and strongly accelerates the lock mount backwards against the power of the recoil spring. During this rearward movement, the lock mount releases the lock head from the barrel and then moves the lock head forward. This completes the opening cycle of the loading movement.

As mentioned above, due to the lack of impact with strong ammunition, the relative movement of the lock mount forward and across the lock position is relatively more pronounced than with weak ammunition. Thus, unlocking a weapon requires more time for strong ammunition than for weak ammunition. Since the gas pressure is expected to decrease more slowly for strong ammunition than for weak ammunition, more time may be used for the drop in gas pressure.

The stronger compression spring mechanism moves the lock mount backwards in a stronger manner than the spring mechanism only weakly compressed by the weak spring. Thus, in the case of strong ammunition, the opening of the lock mount and lock head and the extraction of the casing occur more quickly than in the case of weak ammunition. For strong ammunition, this is harmless and spontaneous, because stronger firing ammunition is also a more modern ammunition that withstands stress better than weak cartridges with cardboard shell jackets. However, when exceeding or falling below a particular speed range of the lock mount, the speed regime is abandoned in that it can rely on the one hand on certain locking functions and on the other hand on reliable extraction. In this case, there is a risk that the durability of the weapon is lowered.

A particularly strong opening of the locking part can be expected when the spring mechanism is fully compressed in advance so that the channels of the springs, in particular the helical springs, are stacked one upon the other. As such, the opening speed can be increased in an unexpected manner. In addition, parasitic vibrations can overlap to rupture the system. The durability of the weapon is also an important property here.

In order to prevent such a rupture and to match the desired speed range to the maximum possible, it is also proposed according to the invention that the spring mechanism cancels its compression with the progressively increasing power (claim 2).

The lower limit of the so-called speed range, and hence the design of the spring, is chosen so that reliable function is still acceptable even in weak ammunition and contamination. Now, the power of the spring does not increase linearly with stress, but rather gradually, that is, the spring mechanism gradually increases to a level that cannot be compressed much more even if the strongest ammo is fired.

Optimized spring characteristics can be obtained, for example, through some form of disk spring stack. However, it is cheaper and easier to equip a spring mechanism with a strong spring, mainly with linear power / path characteristics, and to provide a buffer structure that is loaded after the spring is partially compressed (claim 3). This allows the spring and buffer mechanism to be adjusted so that only the spring deforms and expands again when firing weak ammunition and the buffer mechanism also deforms and expands when firing strong ammunition. The buffer mechanism can ensure the desired gradual behavior by simple means.

A buffer mechanism consisting of at least one batch elastomer buffer with large hysteresis has proven to be optimal (claim 4). Due to the batch mechanism, the buffer mechanism is reliably adjusted for strong ammunition. In addition, elastomeric buffers tend to prevent stress in the transverse direction under the action of pressure, thereby increasing the diameter of these buffers. However, since the increased diameter measurement is a function of the length of the buffer, several stacked short buffers grow smaller in diameter than one long buffer.

Hysteresis is particularly important. This has the effect that not all of the introduced power is fed back to the lock mount as in the spring. The buffer undergoing hysteresis ensures a reduction in the feedback spring power and phase shift. Thus, it is ultimately possible to reliably fit the aforementioned speed range, and within this speed range the lock can function without incident even with the strongest ammunition.

Thus, it is possible, for example, to fire ammunition with different shell lengths, such as ammunition, which is not a common 12-caliber mixed ammunition, ie ammunition of 70 mm in diameter and 76 mm in length. By simply adjusting the spring and the buffer device, it is also possible to fire ammunition with a caliber 12/65 or 12/89 in a mixed form that would not have been possible by standard calibration.

In a conventional semi-automatic weapon with a lock head and a lock mount, the lock mount moves backwards upon unlocking, while the lock head is still held. Because of this, the ball remains seated in the lock mount, so that the ball can first reach the detonator cap of the ammunition when the weapon is at least almost already locked. In order to prevent this, the weapon according to the invention is provided with a connecting link,

The connecting link is supported in a locked state by the lock head,

The spring mechanism is supported by the locking head via the connecting link

The connecting link is carried by the lock mount during its recoil so that the unlocked lock head is no longer directly loaded by the spring mechanism at least immediately after unlocking (claim 5).

It is also proposed according to the invention to attach the ball directly to the lock head (claim 6).

By the way, the ammunition can be fired even when the lock head is still in the ammo regardless of whether the lock is locked or unlocked.

In order to prevent this, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a lock block freely installed in the lock position by the ball is attached to the lock head, and the lock block prevents the ball from blocking in the isolated non-operation position, which is the unlocked position. Proposed (claim 7). As a result, the lock block functions to some extent because the trigger can fire ammunition only when the lock head is locked.

This embodiment of the present invention is a further improvement in that the locking block has a taper, by which the taper places the ball in the inoperative position during the transition from the locked position to the unlocked position (claim 8). For example, if a ball contacts the initiator cap as a result of an ammunition error, the ball is disengaged from the lock block by its movement during unlocking and placed in an inoperative position.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking block is movable in the locked position and the released position in the transverse direction with respect to the bore axis of the lock head. In addition, the lock block passes through the lock head and is coupled to the recess of the part designed or attached to the barrel in the locked position (claim 9). Such bonding preferably occurs at three locations that are approximately evenly distributed throughout the circumference. In the case of shotguns in particular, it is possible to allow generous excess dimensions of the locking bolt and recess due to the ammunition size. The locking bolt is preferably slightly inclined at the section reaching into the recess, so that smooth locking and unlocking is always possible (even if the housing tolerance is large).

The lock mount can be designed in a longitudinally movable manner at the lock head side opposite the recess. Due to this, the lock block has front and rear base boards, the lock mount has front and rear drive rods,

In the case of forward recoil, the front drive rod of the lock mount moving backwards hits the front baseboard of the lock block and pulls it out of the recess,

In the closing movement, the rear drive rod of the lock mount hits the rear baseboard of the lock block and presses it into the recess,

Thus at least one of the front or rear baseboard and the driving rod is inclined.

When the lock head is in the locked state, the lock mount can move freely over the position it takes after the lock is completed. When the lock mount moves back from this position, the lock mount covers the play distance to some extent and then withdraws the lock block from the recess and then receives the lock head with it. The size of the play present between the base board of the lock block and the drive rod of the lock head is not critical. It is only important that the base board fits in the opening between the drive rods in the lock mount.

Thus, it is possible to produce weapons simply and less precisely, and to install non-precision parts or spare parts without further adjustment.

Arms according to the invention can be used, for example, in gun barrels or semi-automatic rifle. In particular, the system according to the invention is suitable for a semi-automatic shotgun (claim 11). By properly adjusting the power and design of the spring device and the dimensions of the lock mount, the expert will be able to manufacture a variety of types of ammunition without accident, but will produce a semi-auto shotgun that costs much less than the cost of manufacturing other semi-automatic shotguns. Can be.

The subject matter of the present invention will be described in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shotgun penetrating the rear portion of the lock portion and the barrel portion of the shotgun according to the present invention having a closed and locked state lock;

FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 but shows the locking portion in the unlocked state and immediately after the bullet is fired;

FIG. 3A is a longitudinal sectional view through the lock mount and slightly enlarged than used in FIGS. 1 and 2;

3B is a perspective view of the lock mounting unit illustrated in FIG. 3A, viewed from an oblique angle from above;

4 is a cross sectional view through the rear portion (end section) of the barrel portion along the central axis of the locking recess;

4A is an enlarged view of the drawing of FIG. 4 seen laterally relative to the longitudinal direction of the weapon;

5a shows the locking block viewed from the rear,

5b is a side view of the locking block,

FIG. 6 is an inclined view of the locking part in the state shown in FIG. 1 from above; FIG.

7 is an enlarged view of a claw of a bolt;

8 is a side view of the separation block,

9 is a cross-sectional view through the separation block along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 8;

These figures show an entirely illustrative embodiment of the invention. Accordingly, the following description refers to the individual drawings in order to more readily understand the location of particular elements / recesses herein.

Only partially depicted weapons are semi-automatic shotguns which may be equipped with case magazines (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The shotgun has a barrel portion 1 having a central axis or a bore axis 37. A chamber 3 is shown at the rear of the barrel part, to which the end section 4 of the barrel part 1 is connected. The end section 4 has a substantially U-shaped cross section with an open bottom (see FIG. 4) and is provided with a concentric upper locking recess 5 and two lower locking notches 6. The locking notches are formed at the free ends of the two legs of the U-shaped cross section. A casing groove 10 extending parallel to the bore axis 37 is provided at approximately half the height of each U-shaped leg, and within each casing groove a single cartridge extractor 61 (see FIG. 6). ) Can be extended respectively.

The chamber 3 of the weapon ready to fire is locked backward by the locking head 11. A vertical vertical drill hole passes through the chamber, and the drill hole reaches the locking block 25. The locking block has an inverted T-shaped cross section at an angle to the bore axis (see FIGS. 5A and 5B); A conical locking appendage 7 at the free (upper) end of the central shaft and one locking finger 8 at each of the two ends of the (lower) transverse shaft.

In the locked position, the locking accessory 7 is engaged with the locking recess 5 and at the same time the locking finger 8 is engaged with the locking notch 6.

All mating surfaces are inclined with respect to the vertical line so that the locking block 25 can be engaged or disengaged effortlessly with the end section 4 of the barrel part 1. However, the inclination angle of the mating surface is small so that the mating is automatically blocked, that is, it cannot be opened backward along the bore axis 37 through the force exerted on the locking head 11.

Thus, the barrel part 1 and the locking head 11 are directly connected to each other during firing, thereby transmitting a large initial force directly to each other. The other factors are not affected by the transfer of power. Thus, the barrel portion 1 can be embedded at its rear end into the plastic housing 2. That is, the largest generating force is not released to the housing 2.

The lock head 11 is seated on the lock mount 13 (see FIGS. 3A and 3B). The lock mounting portion may move a predetermined distance in the longitudinal direction with respect to the lock head 11. The lock mount 13 has a longitudinal recess 54, a transverse recess in the area under the lock block 25 and a flat surface 59 behind it.

Each transverse recess 53 is bounded on both sides of the longitudinal recess 54 by a nose 55 which is flanged upwards and backwards and positioned above the flat surface 59.

The locking block 25 is designed such that the lower surface of the transverse shaft is finished at almost the same height as the lower surface of the locking head 11 in its upper locking position (see FIG. 1). In this position, the lock mount 13 can move back and forth under the lock block 25 and the lock head 11, so that the lock block 25 is on the flat surface 59 of the lock mount 13. Can slide.

However, when the lock mount 13 is moved rearward to the stop position shown in FIG. 1, both noses 55 sense the transverse shaft of the lock block 25 by their rear edges, and then move the transverse shaft. It is drawn down into the cross recess 53. This location is shown in FIG. In this position, the locking block 25 is disengaged from the end section 4 of the barrel part 1. The locking head 11 can now move rearward relative to the barrel part 1.

Moving further towards the rear, the unlocked lock head 11 moves in a guide (not shown) in the housing 2 such that the lock block 25 cannot move upward.

When the locking head 11 is closed, the rear end of the chamber 3 is hit. The lock mount 13 is then pulled or pushed further forward (9 only shown schematically in the direction of the force) by the rebound spring. In this process, one taper 57, which forms the rear wall of the transverse recess 53, finally has a flat surface 59 when it reaches below the locking block 25 and reaches the position of FIG. 1 again. Until the locking block 25 is stressed upward.

In the locking head 11, a pivotable dismantle block 27 held in the use position by a bosh 28 is located behind its lock shaft 25 (FIGS. 1, 2). , 6, 8, and 9). The separating block 27 is accommodated in the rear vertical transverse bore hole 23 of the lock head 11. The bore 28 may be disengaged by the bore hole 24 of the lock head 11 (see FIG. 6).

The ball 19 penetrates the lock block 25 and the separation block 27, each of which has bore holes 31, 34.

The lower end of the separation block 27 is designed like a hammer foot 51 which is open in the top and extends in a groove 49 having an inverted T-shaped cross section in the lock mount 13. In the operating state in which the hammer base 51 reaches under the flanks of the groove 49 and the separation block 27 is held by its bore 28, ie in the use position, the outlet of the ball 19 35 strikes the projection 36 located behind it in the bore hole of the separation block 27. This prevents the ball 19 in the use position from falling backward from the lock head 11. If the separation block 27 is about 1/8 of a turn after passing over the bos 28, the ball 19 may be removed backwards. In this state, the hammer base 51 is still reaching below the upper flank of the groove 49, so that the lock head 11 and the lock mount 13 are still assembled while the replacement of the ball 19 can be performed. Will remain. Only one quarter turn of the separation block 27 (only after removal of the ball 19), the hammer base 51 of the groove 49 is released and the lock head 11 is lifted from the lock mount 13. Can be.

The bore hole 31 through which the ball 19 of the locking block 25 penetrates is a long hole that allows the locking block portion 25 to take the position of FIGS. 1 and 2 despite the presence of the ball 19. Is designed like.

The ball 19 includes a projection 29 behind the elongated hole, and a recess 33 is formed on the bottom of the elongated hole 31, which is inclined to be complementary to the protrusion 29. The recess 33 and the projection 29 are formed so that the ball 19 can be accommodated in the long hole 31 only when the locking block 25 is located in the uppermost position (locking position in FIG. 1). . In this position, the ball 19 can be inserted deep into the hole 31 long enough that its tip can exit from the front of the lock head 11 for firing the ammunition.

When the locking block 25 is lowered, the recess 33 presses the ball's protrusion 29 back farther due to the special shape of the protrusion so that the tip of the ball can no longer reach ammunition. Due to this, the ammunition can be surely fired only when the lock head 11 is in the proper locked state.

As described above, the projection 29 and the outlet 35 keep the ball 19 loose between the two final positions, and the inclined recess 33 of the lock block holds the ball 19 during unlocking. Force retreat Therefore, the spring of the ball is generally unnecessary, so there is no need to provide it.

The lock mount 13 can now be attached to a handle, for example a repositionable front shaft. The unlockable latch allows the handle to be positioned in the foremost position. In this case, the recoil spring 9 is not naturally necessary, but rather the handle and the lock mount move back and forth to load the weapon.

The above example relates to a semi-automatic loader. As a result, the lock head 11 is extended backwards by a central extension pipe 15, which receives and guides the long ball 19. The rear end of the lock mount 13 extends upward under the formation of the counter bearing 43.

At a position away from the counter bearing 43, the intermediate member 39 is suspended from the upper side to the lock mounting portion 13 in front of the bearing, so that the intermediate member is locked by the step portion 40. Forward) but can move backwards.

The counter bearing 43 and the intermediate member 39 each have a through hole for aligning them, which are penetrated by the extension pipe 15. The extension pipe 15 acts as a support for the powerful pressure spring or opening spring 17, which is preferably designed as a spirally wound wire spring and surrounds the extension pipe. The pressure spring 17 is supported loosely back and forth by the counter bearing 43 or the intermediate member 39 (until the intermediate member 39 rests on the stepped portion 40 of the lock mounting portion 13). have.

This prevents rattling (due to the back and forth movement of the pressure spring 17) when the lock is released.

As can be seen, the powerful opening spring 17 has little effect. The opening spring only works when the locking head 11 moves backwards with respect to the lock mounting 13 in the locking position of FIG. 1.

This type of movement actually takes place during firing, and the barrel part 1 and the locking head 11 which is locked with this part are moved backwards, the locking head being held relative to the heavy lock mount 13. Seems to be. This rearward movement does not need to have a large size. For example, it is sufficient to compress a rubber shaft cap supported against a wall.

Referring to the drawings, it is difficult to imagine this actual movement. Instead, it is conceivable for the locking mount 13 to move slightly forward during firing.

Now the following occurs: By this forward movement, the recoil spring 9 receives only a slight load, but instead the opening spring 17 is extended. This causes the intermediate member 39 and the counter bearing 43 to move toward each other. This movement stops depending on the strength of the recoil spring and the impact strength of the ammunition being fired.

When this movement stops through the compromising of the open spring 17, counter movement is induced, causing a trigger by the yielded spring 17. In the course of this counter movement, the lock mount 13 rushes strongly backwards, whereby the lock mount pulls the lock block 25 downward by its nose 55 and then further downward movement of the lock block. The lock head 11 is accommodated accordingly. Accordingly, the rear end of the lock mounting portion 13 extends the stop-cock of a known cut-off mechanism not shown in the figure to perform a loading motion. During advancement, the lock block 25 is pushed upward again in the manner described above and supported from below by the flat upper surface 59 of the lock mount 13. It does not matter whether the lock mount 13 is positioned 1 mm further forward. Thus, continuous tolerances do not affect.

As already explained, the longer the relative advance of the lock mount 13 during firing, the stronger the recoil during firing. Accordingly, the stronger the recoil, the more the opening spring 17 is extended, and the stronger the recoil of the entire locking portions 11, 13 is. To balance between them, an additional shock absorber is attached in the form of an elastomeric buffer 41. For this purpose, two rods 45 parallel to the bore axis 37 and penetrating the counter bearing and inserted into the recesses of the intermediate member 42 are arranged on both sides of the center of the lock mount. These rods 45 pass through the so-called elastomer butter 41. The flange 47 on each rod 45 between the counter bearing 43 and the buffer 41 prevents the rod 45 from sliding back. So-called recesses are open at the bottom for ease of installation.

The elastomer buffer 41 preferably consists of several ring elements, preferably made of a material with high hysteresis. When weak ammunition is fired, the elastomer buffer 41 is not yielded or only slightly yielded. However, when very strong ammunition is fired, both elastomeric buffers 41 yield a great deal, thus providing less energy than they had previously when inflated again. Thus, the increased recoil energy of the strong ammunition is at least partially dissipated, or more specifically converted to other forms of energy. As a result, the lock is thus in a position to fire the ammunition by reaction energy and muzzle energy which are very strongly fluctuated without functional problems or without the need of using different locking springs 17. A separate stop between the lock head 11 and the lock mount 13 is omitted. Only the arrangement of the opening spring 17 and the elastomer buffer 41 serves as a stop.

Another advantage of the locks 11, 13 shown is that in the unlocked state (FIG. 2) the front face of the lock mount 13 extends slightly past the front face of the lock head 11. Thus, the ammunition can be forced upwards without the bottom hitting the ammunition bolt, or, for example, the projection on the front of the locking head 11. Furthermore, the locking head 11 which is not impacted thus does not try to be locked during transportation.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, the locking head 11 of this embodiment is not common in that it has two opposingly arranged ammunition bolts 61. An enlarged view of such an ammunition bolt 61 is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen, the ammunition bolt has a hook-like design with a hook face 63 which is designed to be seated from the front by the edge of the ammunition and rotated towards the rear. This edge is curved outwardly so that the hook surface 63 is seated in a curved shape. Depending on whether an ammunition bolt (not shown) is disposed on the left or on the right, the casing is ejected on the left or on the right. However, it is very important that no eccentric thrust or radial force, which may arise from the individual ammunition bolt 61, act on the casing at all during the discharge. This ensures proper release of very long shells. The eccentric force acts on the casing only near the end of the recoil path of the lock, so that the shell is released in one ammunition lock and then in another ammunition lock 61.

Otherwise, the ejector only needs to be switched for the conversion from the right release to the left release. Both ammunition bolts 61 are held in their position.

Claims (11)

Rigid barrel 1 with chamber 3, lock head 11 that can be locked to the barrel 1, and a revolving spring 9 movable relative to the lock head 11 Is provided with a lock mounting portion 13 to be mounted, and further powerful spring mechanisms 17 and 41 are disposed between the lock mounting portion 13 and the lock head 11 when the lock head is in a locked state. The (heavy) lock mount 13 is a semi-automatic hand held rifle supported by a lock head via the spring mechanism, The lock head 11 is characterized in that it is supported by the spring mechanisms 17 and 41 without the other end stop on the lock mount 13.  Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 1, The spring mechanisms 17 and 41 cancel their compression with non-linearly increasing power. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 2, The spring mechanisms 17, 41 comprise a powerful spring 17 and a shock absorbing mechanism 41 parallel to the spring, the spring 17 having mainly linear characteristics, the shock absorbing mechanism 41 being Characterized in that the spring 17 is only loaded after it has been partially compressed Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 3, wherein The buffer mechanism 41 is preferably made of at least one batch elastomer buffer having large hysteresis. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, An intermediate member 39 is further provided, wherein the spring mechanisms 17 and 41 are supported by the locking head 11 in a locked state. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, Characterized in that the ball 19 traverses the lock head 11. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 6, Characterized in that the locking block 25 traverses the locking head 11 in the locked position, freely moving by the ball 19 and in the unlocked position blocking the ball 19 in the retracted ineffective position. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 7, wherein The locking block 25 has a tapered edge 33, by means of which the locking block returns the ball 19 from its locked position to its unlocked position during transition. Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, The locking block 25 can move across the locking head 11 to a locked position and out of the locked position, and is formed integrally with or attached to the barrel 1 when in the locked position 4. Is inserted into the recess 5 Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method of claim 9, The locking block 25 has a base board 8 having front and rear guide surfaces, The lock mounting portion 13 on which the lock head 11 side surface facing the base board 8 is disposed includes a front driving rod 55 and a rear driving rod 57. In the case of forward recoil, the front drive rod 55 strikes the front guide surface of the base board 8 of the locking block 25 and pulls it out of the recess 5, In the closing movement the rear drive rod 57 strikes the rear guide surface of the base board 8 of the locking block 25 and presses it into the recess 5 and the locking notch 9, At least one of the front and rear baseboard and drive rods 53, 55, 57, 59 is inclined Semi-automatic hand held rifle. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The rifle is a semi-automatic shotgun, characterized in that Semi-automatic hand held rifle.