KR20050058342A - 금속 매트릭스 복합재 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
금속 매트릭스 복합재 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20050058342A KR20050058342A KR1020057002724A KR20057002724A KR20050058342A KR 20050058342 A KR20050058342 A KR 20050058342A KR 1020057002724 A KR1020057002724 A KR 1020057002724A KR 20057002724 A KR20057002724 A KR 20057002724A KR 20050058342 A KR20050058342 A KR 20050058342A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- matrix composite
- insert
- metal matrix
- composite article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940050561 matrix product Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 16
- 241000272534 Struthio camelus Species 0.000 description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 108010038083 amyloid fibril protein AS-SAM Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000553 6063 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 C4 None None None None Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- QEDVGROSOZBGOZ-WXXKFALUSA-N (e)-but-2-enedioic acid;n-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1OCC(O)CNCCNC(=O)N1CCOCC1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1OCC(O)CNCCNC(=O)N1CCOCC1 QEDVGROSOZBGOZ-WXXKFALUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013100 final test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
- C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
- C22C47/068—Aligning wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
- C22C47/12—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
- F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
- F16D2055/0016—Brake calipers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
- F16D2200/003—Light metals, e.g. aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0039—Ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40470402P | 2002-08-20 | 2002-08-20 | |
| US60/404,704 | 2002-08-20 | ||
| US40331403A | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | |
| US10/403,314 | 2003-03-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20050058342A true KR20050058342A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
Family
ID=31949852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020057002724A Withdrawn KR20050058342A (ko) | 2002-08-20 | 2003-07-08 | 금속 매트릭스 복합재 및 이의 제조 방법 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1540025A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2005536355A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20050058342A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1675394A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003248844A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004018726A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060021729A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal matrix composites, and methods for making the same |
| US20060024489A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal matrix composites, and methods for making the same |
| US20060024490A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal matrix composites, and methods for making the same |
| DE102007004531A1 (de) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-31 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Faserverbundwerkstoff mit metallischer Matrix und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| FR2970266B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-10 | 2013-12-06 | Snecma | Procede de fabrication d'une piece metallique annulaire monobloc a insert de renfort en materiau composite, et piece obtenue |
| GB201223198D0 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-02-06 | Jaguar Cars | Sleeve member and method of casting |
| CN111360269B (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-05-06 | 浙江蓝天知识产权运营管理有限公司 | 一种多级纳米结构增强的叠层状镍基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030096221A (ko) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-12-24 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 | 금속 기지 복합재 및 그 제조 방법 |
| JP2004515647A (ja) * | 2000-09-28 | 2004-05-27 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | セラミック酸化物予備成形体、金属基複合材料、それらのおよびディスクブレーキの製造方法 |
| EP1326814A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-07-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fiber-reinforced ceramic oxide pre-forms, metal matrix composites, and methods for making the same |
-
2003
- 2003-07-08 EP EP03792958A patent/EP1540025A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-08 KR KR1020057002724A patent/KR20050058342A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-08 CN CNA038197596A patent/CN1675394A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-08 AU AU2003248844A patent/AU2003248844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-08 JP JP2004530816A patent/JP2005536355A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-08 WO PCT/US2003/021263 patent/WO2004018726A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005536355A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
| CN1675394A (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
| EP1540025A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| AU2003248844A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| WO2004018726A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 20050218 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
| PC1203 | Withdrawal of no request for examination | ||
| WITN | Application deemed withdrawn, e.g. because no request for examination was filed or no examination fee was paid |