KR20050016661A - Charcoal producing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charcoal manufacturing apparatus and method for producing charcoal by high temperature carbonization at a high temperature of 800 ℃ or more. The charcoal manufacturing apparatus is a kiln inner space (2) for placing the raw material 37 of the charcoal; A crater 3 and a vent hole 4 provided at the front end of the inner space 2 of the kiln; Embryo study 5 provided at the rear end of the kiln internal space 2; And air compression means for pumping air into the kiln inner space 2. The air conveying means comprises an air outlet 102 installed in the upper part of the kiln internal space 2 near the exhaust research 5, and the air outlet 102 is a blower tube installed toward the front end of the kiln internal space 2. It consists of 100.

Description

Charcoal Producing Method and Apparatus {CHARCOAL PRODUCING METHOD AND APPARATUS}

The present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for producing charcoal. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing charcoal capable of producing charcoal by carbonization at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher.

In recent years, charcoal has been used in various fields for reasons of deodorization and absorption of toxic substances. Until now, charcoal is generally filled with wood as a raw material of charcoal in a kiln formed by hardening soil, placing firewood on the wood, and also filling firewood near the fireball, and burning the firewood to burn charcoal. Carbonizes raw materials, closes the crater when the smoke from the pear mouth turns from white to blue, and completely prevents venting and pear research three to five days after closing the crater. Was prepared. On the other hand, a technique for introducing air into the kiln or the space inside the kiln is known from patent publications such as Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2000-119661, 2001-181646, and 9-59642.

However, in the general technique described above, charcoal is produced by carbonization at low temperature (300 to 550 ° C). This charcoal has a high electric resistance value (from insulator to several kPa) and is satisfactory as a living charcoal such as fuel. However, this charcoal does not sufficiently adsorb harmful gases such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, and chlorobenzene, and thus is insufficient to produce industrial charcoal, especially functional charcoal. Furthermore, in the technique disclosed in the above-mentioned patent publications, air is deliberately introduced into the kiln interior space in order to increase the temperature inside the kiln space. However, in all these techniques, air does not reach the top of the kiln interior space since air enters the bottom of the kiln interior space and does not diffuse sufficiently. Therefore, the whole interior space of a kiln cannot be made high, and the raw material for charcoal could not be processed at high temperature.

1 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG.

3 is a front view of the opening and closing door used in the charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a front view of the support used in the charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

5 is a perspective view of a blower pipe used in a charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

6 is a graph showing the temperature change of the inner space of the kiln in the carbonization process of the method for producing charcoal according to the present invention.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing charcoal and high quality, high temperature charcoal. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus suitable for producing charcoal (hereinafter generally referred to as " hot charcoal ") which is carbonized at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher and whose electrical conductivity is expressed in volume resistivity up to 10 Pa · cm. It is.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a charcoal comprising igniting raw materials of charcoal disposed in a kiln and pyrolyzing the raw materials of charcoal, wherein the air is pumped into the kiln to maintain the temperature inside the kiln at 800 ° C or higher. Provided is a method for producing charcoal comprising a high temperature refining process.

By feeding air into the space inside the kiln, the raw material of charcoal can be activated, and thus, high temperature refining can be effectively performed. In this case, when steam is contained in air, the activation effect obtained by water vapor can be expected simultaneously. In a high temperature refining process, it is preferable to maintain the temperature inside a kiln at 800 degreeC or more over 3 hours or more.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kiln internal space for arranging raw materials of charcoal; A crater and a ventilation hole respectively provided at the front end of the inner space of the kiln; Embryo study provided at the rear end of the inner space of the kiln; And it is provided with a charcoal production apparatus characterized in that it comprises an air pressure means for feeding air to the inner space of the kiln.

The air conveying means is composed of a blower tube extending from the inner space of the kiln through the bottom or the upper surface of the bottom to the vicinity of the exhaust gas and having an air outlet in the inner space of the kiln. The air outlet is located above the kiln interior space and is installed toward the front end of the kiln interior space, whereby the air pushed from the blower can be diffused throughout the inside of the kiln and the temperature inside the kiln can be easily maintained evenly. .

The inner space of the kiln includes: an enlarged portion of which the width gradually increases from the crater toward the center of the inner space of the kiln; A maximum width forming an approximately central portion of the kiln interior space; It consists of a narrowing portion whose width gradually decreases from the maximum width toward the embryo study. The bottom of the kiln interior space is inclined downward from the front end toward the rear end of the kiln interior space.

Embodiments of a method and apparatus for producing charcoal according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 show an embodiment for implementing the charcoal manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method according to the present invention. The charcoal production apparatus of this embodiment according to the present invention includes a combustion furnace (1). The combustion furnace 1 has a kiln inner space 2 in which raw materials 37 for the production of charcoal are arranged. This combustion furnace 1 is formed of concrete, for example, and a refractory brick is embedded in the combustion furnace 1. As a raw material 37 of charcoal, timber or bamboo such as thinning timber and waste wood is used.

The combustion furnace 1 includes a crater 3 and a vent hole 4 provided at the front end of the inner space 2 of the kiln, and an exhaust vessel 5 provided at the rear end of the inner space 2 of the kiln. Include. The crater 3 and the vent 4 may be opened and closed by the opening and closing door 6 shown in FIG. This opening / closing door 6 is provided by the hinge 7 on the combustion furnace 1, for example. The opening and closing door 6 can be configured to be opened or closed manually or by remote operation.

An opening 6a that can communicate with the vent hole 4 is provided in the lower part of the opening and closing door 6, and an opening and closing lid 8 for opening and closing the opening 6a is provided. The opening and closing lid 8 is installed to slide in a vertical direction on the frame 9 fixed to the opening and closing door 6. The opening and closing lid 8 is provided so that only the ventilation hole 4 can be opened and closed in the state in which the opening and closing door 6 is closed.

The exhaust vessel 5 has a chimney shape protruding from the lower portion of the rear end of the combustion furnace 1, and an opening and closing door 12 for opening and closing the vessel research 5 is disposed at the connection portion with the combustion furnace 1.

The raw material 37 of char is placed in the center of the kiln interior space 2, and the firewood 38,39 is arrange | positioned in the upper part and front part of the raw material 37 of char. The raw material 37 of char is carbonized after being ignited by firewood 38 and 39, in which case air is introduced into the kiln inner space 2 through the vent hole 4. Smoke generated during carbonization is discharged from the ship study (5). This will be described later in more detail.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the apparatus according to the invention, the kiln interior space 2 comprises: an enlarged portion 20 gradually increasing in width from the crater 3 toward the center of the kiln interior space 2; A maximum width portion 21 connected to the enlarged portion 20 and provided at an approximately center portion of the inner space 2 of the kiln; And a reduction portion 22 extending from the maximum width portion 21 and gradually decreasing in width toward the embryo study 5. According to this structure, as will be described later, when the raw material 37 of charcoal disposed in the kiln interior space 2 is carbonized, the air supplied into the kiln interior space 2 through the vent hole 4 is inside the kiln. It is easily introduced into the space 2 and is evenly diffused in the kiln internal space 2, and thereafter, the combustion gas is smoothly transported toward the exhaust vessel 5. Furthermore, the bottom 2a of the kiln internal space 2 is inclined downward from the crater 3 toward the embryo 5 (see FIG. 1). The inclination angle is preferably about 5 degrees. If the bottom 2a is inclined downward toward the embryo 5, the heat moving above the bottom 2a will flow smoothly towards the embryo 5.

Charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an air pressure means for high temperature refining of the raw material 37 of charcoal.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the air-compressing means comprises a blower tube 100 embedded in the concrete bottom wall 1a from the front end to the rear end of the combustion furnace 1. The blower tube 100 has an air inlet 101 which protrudes outward from the front end of the concrete floor wall 1a and an air outlet that protrudes into the kiln inner space 2 from the rear end of the concrete floor wall 1a. 102.

As shown in FIG. 2, the inlet pipe 103 having the air inlet 101 is detachably connected through the connecting device 104. The air inlet 101 is connected to a blower (not shown) for pumping air into the blower tube 100.

The blower tube 100 will be described in more detail. As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the blower tube 100, the first and second horizontal portions 105, 106 extending in a two-pronged form from the vicinity of the air inlet 101, and the first and second A standing portion 107, 108 extending upward from the rear portion of the horizontal portion 105, 106, ie from the portion near the ventral 5, respectively. The first and second horizontal portions 105, 106 are embedded in the concrete floor wall 1a, and the standing portions 107, 108 are exposed from the concrete floor wall 1a to the kiln interior space 2. Moreover, bends 109 and 110 extending toward the front end of the kiln inner space 2 are provided at the ends of the standing portions 107 and 108, respectively. Air outlet 102 is provided at the open end of the bent portion (109, 110). Therefore, the air is discharged from the air outlet 102 toward the front of the kiln inner space 2. It is preferable that the air outlet 102 is located above the kiln interior space 2 so that the discharged air moves along the top of the kiln interior space (see FIG. 1).

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the first and second horizontal portions 105 and 106 may include a first portion 111 extending corresponding to the enlarged portion 20 of the inner space 2 of the kiln and the inside of the kiln. The second portion 112 extends corresponding to the maximum width 21 of the space 2, and the third portion 113 extends corresponding to the reduced portion 22 of the inner space 2 of the kiln. According to such a structure, when the blower tube 100 is arrange | positioned in the kiln internal space 2, it can arrange | position so that it may match the shape of the kiln internal space 2, and can make the space where the raw material of a char is placed as large as possible. . The standing portions 107 and 108 are arranged to penetrate the support 32 which will be described later.

Air that is pumped from the blower (not shown) into the air inlet 101 is branched to the left and right horizontal portions 105 and 106, and then is discharged from the left and right air outlets 102, and passes through the top of the raw material 37 of charcoal It is moved toward the front end of the kiln internal space 2 and comes back from the front end of the kiln internal space 2 and flows to the rear end. Therefore, when air is actively discharged from the air outlet 102 at the rear end into the kiln interior space 2, the temperature of the kiln interior space 2 rises to activate the raw material 37 of charcoal, thereby High temperature refining of the raw material 37 becomes possible.

As shown in FIG. 1, the support 32 is provided by providing predetermined clearances 40 as the air passages above the bottom 2a of the combustion furnace 1. The support 32 extends from the crater 3 of the combustion furnace 1 to the vicinity of the ventilator 5. As shown in Figures 2 and 5, the support 32 is in the form of a grid using a plurality of rod-shaped horizontal member 34 and a plurality of rod-shaped vertical member 35 coupled to the horizontal member 34 It is provided with. Furthermore, in order to have the predetermined clearances 40, a support 32 is provided on the bottom 2a of the kiln inner space 2 via the receiving member 36 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). This support 32 provides an air passage over the bottom 2a of the kiln interior space 2. The air supplied through the vent hole 4 and the air discharged from the air outlet 102 of the blower tube 100 and exiting the front end of the kiln internal space 2 pass through the air passages to Exhausted from the rear end to the embryo study (5). Coal 33 for fuel, such as a coal copper steel, is equally arrange | positioned at the upper surface of the support 32. As shown in FIG. The fuel coal 33 emits radiant heat during carbonization and refining of the raw material 37 of charcoal, contributing to homogenization of the internal temperature of the kiln. The raw material 37 of charcoal is arranged on a fuel coal 33 in a conventional form, for example in an upright position.

In Fig. 2, reference numerals 200, 201, 202 and 203 designate a thermometer disposed at an appropriate position in the kiln inner space 2, respectively. The thermometer 200 is a high temperature range measurement thermometer provided at the top of the center portion, the thermometer 201 is a medium temperature range measurement thermometer provided at the middle end of the center portion, the thermometer 202 is located at the bottom of the center portion It is equipped with a low temperature range thermometer. The thermometer 203 is a thermometer for measuring the low temperature region provided in the vicinity of the embryo research 5. These thermometers are connected to a controller (not shown). The controller adjusts the air supply amount, or controls the fireball (3), the vent (4) and the exhaust, based on the temperature of the kiln internal space (2) measured by these thermometers, and the state of the carbonization process resulting from this temperature. Open and close study (5).

Next, the charcoal manufacturing method using the charcoal manufacturing apparatus having the above-described structure will be described.

First, a charcoal raw material 37 such as wood or bamboo is placed through the fuel coal 33 on the support 32. Then, firewood 38 is placed on top of the charcoal raw material 37, and firewood 39 is then placed on the crater 3. Firewood 39 placed in the fireball 3 is ignited. The fire gradually moves to the firewood 38 located above the charcoal raw material 37 to start the drying process of the charcoal raw material 37. As shown in FIG. 6, the drying process lasts for about 24 to 48 hours at a temperature near 100 ° C. (value measured with thermometer 201). As the drying of the charcoal raw material 37 proceeds and the temperature inside the kiln gradually rises, the transition from the drying process to the carbonization process is initiated to thermally decompose the charcoal raw material 37. Upon transition to the carbonization process, the crater 3 is closed. With the vent hole 4 open, outside air flows into the gaps 40 below the support 32. The carbonization process lasts for about 36 to 48 hours at the kiln internal temperature in the range of 300 to 400 ° C. (value measured with thermometer 201). As the carbonization enters the end stage, the internal temperature of the kiln increases from 400 to 550 ° C (value measured by the thermometer 201) and the bluish smoke is discharged from the ship study (5), and the process proceeds to the refining process. Indicates. After the transition to the refining process is confirmed, air is pumped from the blower (not shown) into the blower tube 100. This pressurized air is discharged from the air outlet 102 of the blower tube 100 into the rear end of the kiln internal space 2 and flows vigorously toward the front end along the upper part of the kiln internal space 2. The pressurized air returns downward from the front end of the kiln internal space 2, passes through the gaps 40 in the lower portion of the support 32, and then flows toward the rear end again. It is discharged through (5).

Therefore, the temperature inside the kiln internal space 2 is raised by forcing air into the kiln internal space 2 and increasing the amount of oxygen. Moreover, the radiant heat obtained from the burnt coal 33 is also increased by generating a flow of air under the support 40 and homogenizing the internal temperature of the kiln, whereby high temperature refining of the charcoal raw material 37 can be achieved. have. In particular, it is preferable to pressurize the air to maintain the internal temperature of the kiln at 900 to 1100 ° C. (the value measured by the thermometer 201), and then to refine the product in this temperature range for three hours or longer. It is possible to perform high temperature refining at the kiln internal temperature of 800 degreeC or more. If the internal temperature of the kiln is too high, there is a fear that it adversely affects the quality of the charcoal. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention so that temperature does not become 1200 degreeC or more. The compressed air blowing amount is determined by the volume inside the kiln. For example, when the inside volume of the kiln is 16 m 3, the air blowing amount of the compressed air is preferably about 10 to 20 m 3 / min. At the time of air supply, if air is forced into the mixture with water vapor, the kiln inner space 2 can be further activated. The amount of water vapor in this case is preferably about 0.5 to 2.0 L / min when the internal volume of the kiln is 16 m 3.

As shown in Fig. 6, upon completion of the refining process, the air feeding is stopped, and at the same time the vent hole 4 and the exhaust study 5 are completely sealed. The combustion furnace 1 is maintained in this state for several days, and the inside of the combustion furnace 1 is cooled. After that, the combustion furnace 1 is opened and the char is taken out of the kiln internal space 2. As indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 6, the refining process in the method for producing charcoal is generally performed for 5 to 10 hours at a kiln internal temperature of about 400 to 550 ° C.

The char taken out from the combustion furnace 1 is high temperature char. Hot charcoal has a high level of ability to absorb formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, chlorobenzene and the like. Therefore, if this high temperature char is mixed with low temperature char having a high level of ability to absorb ammonia, amines, etc., both the absorption characteristics of the high temperature char and the absorption characteristics of the low temperature char can be utilized. Can be absorbed.

In the above embodiment, the case in which the blower tube 100 is embedded in the concrete floor wall 1a has been described. In the present invention, the gaps 40 formed by the air passages under the support 32 may be utilized. . In this case, by providing a plurality of air discharge holes in the first and second horizontal parts 105 and 106, air can be supplied upward from the bottom of the kiln internal space 2.

As described above, according to the method of producing charcoal of the present invention, in the latter part of the carbonization process, air is compressed into the kiln inner space to maintain the kiln air at a temperature of 800 ° C or higher. This enables high temperature refining of the raw material of the char and makes it possible to produce hot char in a simple manner.

Moreover, the charcoal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a structure in which air compressed into the kiln interior space is circulated vertically in the kiln. Therefore, the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the inner space of the kiln is reduced, and the refining treatment is always uniform at a high temperature, thereby producing hot charcoal of stable quality.

Claims (8)

A method of producing charcoal comprising pyrolyzing raw materials of charcoal by igniting raw materials of charcoal disposed in the kiln, Charcoal production method characterized in that it comprises at least a high temperature refining process for pumping air into the kiln to maintain the temperature inside the kiln at 800 ℃ or more. The method of claim 1, wherein the compressed air contains water vapor. The method of claim 1, wherein the high temperature refining process is performed by raising the temperature inside the kiln to 800 ° C or higher and maintaining the state for 3 hours or more. Inner space of kiln for placing raw materials of charcoal; Craters and vents respectively provided at the front end of the inner space of the kiln; A vessel study provided at the rear end of the inner space of the kiln; And Charcoal production apparatus characterized in that it comprises at least an air conveying means for conveying air into the kiln inner space. 5. The air vent according to claim 4, wherein the air conveying means comprises an air outlet installed in the upper part of the inner space of the kiln in the vicinity of the exhaust study, wherein the air outlet comprises a blower tube installed toward the front end of the inner space of the kiln. Charcoal making equipment. The charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the bottom of the inner space of the kiln is inclined downward from the front end to the rear end. According to claim 4, The inner space of the kiln, An enlarged portion of which the width gradually increases from the crater toward the center of the inner space of the kiln; A maximum width forming an approximately central portion of the inner space of the kiln; And Charcoal production apparatus, characterized in that consisting of a reduced portion that gradually decreases in width toward the vessel research from the maximum width portion. The charcoal manufacturing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the inner wall of the kiln is formed of a refractory brick.