FI91190C

FI91190C - Upper fire boiler and method for improving combustion conditions in the boiler

Info

Publication number: FI91190C
Application number: FI915328A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Raimo Airola
Original assignee: Kaukora Oy
Priority date: 1991-11-12
Filing date: 1991-11-12
Publication date: 1994-05-25
Also published as: FI915328A; FI91190B; FI915328A0

Description

9119091190

YL&PALOKATTILA JA MENETELMX PALAMISOLOSUHTEIDEN PARANTA-MISEKSI KATTILASSAYL & FIREPLACE BOILER AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING COMBUSTION CONDITIONS IN THE BOILER

PANNA MED TOPPFORBRÅNNNING OCH FORFARANDE FOR FORB&TTRING AV FORBRÅNNINGSFORHÅLLANDENA I PΑΝΝΑΝTABLE OF CONTROLLERS FOR FORTRING AND FORTRING FOR FORWARDING FOR SALE

Keksinnon kohteena on menetelma palamisolosuhteiden parantamiseksi ylåpalokattilassa, jonka tulipesMn yia-osaan muodostetaan kuuma palamisalue, jossa palamis-kaasuihin sekoitetaan lisailmaa ja jossa palamiskaasut 5 saatetaan kosketukseen kuumuutta yllapitSvån ja kestavMn elimen kanssa.The invention relates to a method for improving combustion conditions in an overhead boiler, in which a hot combustion zone is formed in the yia part of the furnace, in which additional air is mixed with the combustion gases and in which the combustion gases 5 are brought into contact with a heat-resistant and durable member.

Keksinnon kohteena on myos ylSpalokattila, johon kuuluu tulipesS, sita ympardiva vesivaippa, tayttoluukku, li-10 sailman syottoelimet, kuuman palamisalueen muodostami-seksi tulipesMn ylaosaan, ja kuumuutta yllapitava ja kestava elin. Palamiskaasut pyritaan ohjaamaan niin, etta saadaan mahdollisimman hyva palamistulos ja pystytaan hyodyntamaan kattilan lammonsiirtokykya.The invention also relates to an overhead boiler comprising a furnace, a water jacket surrounding it, a filling hatch, li-10 air intake means, to form a hot combustion zone at the top of the furnace, and a heat-maintaining and heat-resistant member. The aim is to control the combustion gases in such a way as to obtain the best possible combustion result and to be able to take advantage of the boiler's heat transfer capacity.

1515

Yiapalokattilassa puut syotetaan kattilan arinalle tuli-pesan ylaosassa sijaitsevan tayttoluukun kautta. Palami-nen tapahtuu pMalta pain. Palamisilma johdetaan kattilaan tulipesan alaosassa sijaitsevan vetoiapan kautta. Veto-20 lappa on tavallisesti sijoitettu kattilan alaosassa sijaitsevaan tulenhoitoluukkuun, jonka kautta on mahdol-lista kohentaa kekaleita, puhdistaa arina ja poistaa tuhka. Tul i palaa vuoraeimattomassa tulipesassa, jota ymparoi vesivaippa ja eristekerros. YlMpalokattilan 25 ylaosassa on usein ns. konvektio-osa, jonne palamiskaasut johdetaan ennen niiden joutumista savuhormiin. Talla rakenteella saadaan kattilan hyotysuhdetta parannettua jonkin verran.In the Yia fire boiler, the trees are fed to the grate of the boiler through a filling hatch located at the top of the fire housing. Burning occurs from pMalta pain. Combustion air is led to the boiler through a drawbar located at the bottom of the firebox. The Veto-20 blade is usually placed in a fire treatment hatch at the bottom of the boiler, through which it is possible to improve the stacks, clean the grate and remove the ash. The fire burns in an unlined firebox surrounded by a water jacket and an insulating layer. The upper part of the upper boiler 25 often has a so-called the convection section to which the combustion gases are introduced before they enter the flue. With this structure, the efficiency of the boiler can be improved somewhat.

30 Tunnetuissa yiapalokattiloissa vesivaipalla ympåroidyn 2 tulipesan låmpotila on kuitenkin liian pieni tehokkaalle palamistapahtumalle. Lisåksi palamistapahtuma on hallit-sematonta, koska happea ei saada syotetyksi hallitusti tulipesåan oikeaan kohtaan. Nåistå epåkohdista johtuen 5 suuri osa palamiskaasuista jaakin palamatta. Kun palamat-tomia savukaasuja syntyy paljon, niin kattila savuttaa huomattavasti. Koska nykyisin kiinnitetåån yha enemmån huomiota ympåristohaittoihin, niin ei voida sallia savu-hormista ulos tuleva mustaa ja nokeavaa savua.30 However, in known yia fire boilers, the temperature of the 2 fireboxes surrounded by a water jacket is too low for an efficient combustion event. In addition, the combustion event is uncontrolled because oxygen cannot be fed in a controlled manner to the correct location in the furnace. Due to these disadvantages, 5 a large part of the combustion gases without burning Jaak. When a lot of non-combustible flue gases are produced, the boiler smokes considerably. As more and more attention is now paid to environmental damage, black and sooty smoke coming out of the flue cannot be allowed.

1010

Ylåpalokattilan palamistapahtumaa on yritetty tehostaa siten, ettå kattilan tulipesåan sijoitetaan tiilestå muo-dostettu uloke. Sen avulla on yritetty ohjata savukaasuja. Lisailman saamiseksi tulipesåan on myos tehty niin, 15 ettå puiden tåyttoluukku on varustettu lisåilman vetolå-pållå.Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the overhead boiler by placing a protrusion formed of bricks in the firebox of the boiler. Attempts have been made to control flue gases. In order to obtain additional air in the firebox, it has also been made so that the wood filling hatch is provided with an additional air draw-on.

Nåillå ratkaisuilla ei kuitenkaan ole saatu toivottua vaikutusta, koska tiilestå muodostettu uloke joudutaan 20 tekemåån paksuksi, jolloin se låmpenee hitaasti. Tii- liuloke on myds pahasti tiellå puita lisåttåesså. Kaasu-jen virtausten tehostajana tiiliuloke on kuitenkin liian pieni, sillå lisåilma ja palamaton kaasu sekoittuvat vasta hiukan ennen kattilan jålkipoltto-osaa.However, these solutions have not had the desired effect, since the protrusion formed of the bricks has to be made thick, whereby it heats up slowly. The brick protrusion is badly in the way when adding trees. However, as an enhancer of gas flows, the brick outlet is too small, as the additional air and non-combustible gas are mixed only shortly before the afterburning part of the boiler.

25 Tåmån keksinnon tarkoituksena on aikaansaada menetelmå, jolla ei ole edellå esitettyjå epåkohtia.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which does not have the above drawbacks.

Keksinnon mukaiselle menetelmålle palamisolosuhteiden 30 parantamiseksi ylåpalokattilassa on tunnusomaista se, ettå palamiskaasuja ohjataan tulipesån ylåosassa vaa-kasuoralla, kuumuutta sekå yllåpitåvållå ettå kuumuutta li 3 91190 keståvållå, ja tulipesån ylåosaan muodostettuun kuumaan palamisalueseen rajoittuvalla lisålevyllå virtaamaan tåmån kuuman palamisalueen låpi.The method according to the invention for improving the combustion conditions 30 in an upper combustion boiler is characterized in that the combustion gases are directed at the top of the furnace in a horizontal manner.

5 Keksinndn nukainen ylåpalokattila on vastaavasti tunnettu siitå, ettå kuumuutta yllåpitåvå ja keståvå elin on tu-lenkeståvåstå materiaalista, kuten tulenkeståvåstå metal-lista tai keraamista, valmistettu vaakasuora lisålevy, joka on sovitettu tulipesån ylåosaan vålimatkan pååhån 10 tulipesån katto-osasta siten, ettå se ohjaa palamiskaasut kulkemaan tulipesån alaosasta kuuman palamisalueen ja tulipesån katto-osan ja lisålevyn vålisen raon kautta konvektio-osaan.5. combustion gases to pass from the lower part of the furnace through the hot combustion zone and the gap between the roof part of the furnace and the auxiliary plate to the convection part.

15 Keksinndn mukaisessa ratkaisussa ylåpalokattilan palamiskaasut ja ilma ohjataan tarkoituksenmukaisesti niin, ettå saadaan mahdollisimman hyvå palamistulos. Kun pala-miskaasujen låmpotila nousee, niin pystytåån hyodyntåmåån entistå tehokkaammin ja edullisemmin låmmon siirtyminen 20 tulipesåå ympåroivåån vesitilaan.In the solution according to the invention, the combustion gases and air of the upper combustion boiler are expediently controlled so as to obtain the best possible combustion result. As the temperature of the combustion gases rises, it is possible to utilize the heat transfer to the surrounding water space in the furnace in a more efficient and advantageous manner.

Keksinnon muut tunnusmerkit on esitetty jåljempånå seu-raavissa patenttivaatimuksissa. Keksintoå selostetaan seuraavassa esimerkkien avulla viitaten oheisiin piirus-25 tuksiin, joissaOther features of the invention are set out in the following claims. The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Kuvio 1 esittåå keksinndn mukaista ylåpalokattilaa si-vulta påin nåhtynå ja leikattuna.Figure 1 shows a side view of a top-fired boiler according to the invention, seen and cut away.

Kuvio 2 esittåå perspektiivikuvana kuvion 1 kattilan 30 tulipesåån sijoitettavaa lisålevyå.Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an additional plate to be placed in the firebox of the boiler 30 of Fig. 1.

Kuvio 3 vastaa kuviota 1 ja esittåå kattilan tåyttovai-hetta.Fig. 3 corresponds to Fig. 1 and shows the filling step of the boiler.

Kuvio 4 esittåå kuviosta 1 pitkin viivaa IV-IV otettua 4 leikkausta.Figure 4 shows 4 sections taken along the line IV-IV in Figure 1.

Kuvio 5 vastaa kuviota 1 ja esittMM ylMpalokattilan toista sovellutusmuotoa.Fig. 5 corresponds to Fig. 1 and shows another embodiment of a boiler.

Kuvio 6 vastaa kuviota 1 ja esittMM ylMpalokattilan kol-5 matta sovellutusmuotoa.Fig. 6 corresponds to Fig. 1 and shows a third embodiment of a fire boiler.

Kuvio 7 vastaa kuviota 4 ja esittMM ylMpalokattilan nel-j åtta sove1lutusmuotoa.Fig. 7 corresponds to Fig. 4 and shows four embodiments of a boiler.

Kuviossa 1 on esitetty sivulta pMin nMhtynM ja leikattuna 10 keksinnon mukainen ylMpalokattila 20, joka on tarkoitettu puun tai muun kiinteMn polttoaineen polttoon. TulipesM 27 on vuoraamaton ja sitM ympMroi vesitila 23. Kattila 20 on IMmpoeristetty eristekerroksella 24. TulipesMn 27 ylM-osassa on puiden tMyttoluukku 21 ja sen alaosassa arinan 15 40 IMheisyydessM on tulenhoitoluukku 22 kekMleiden kohen- tamista, arinan puhdistamista ja tuhkan poistoa vårten. Tulenhoitoluukku 22 on varustettu vetolMpMUM 25 pala-misilman ohjaamiseksi tulipesMMn 27. TulipesMssM 27 palavat puut saavat palamisilman tulenhoitoluukun 22 20 vetolapan 25 kautta. Myos tMyttoluukku 21 on varustettu lisailman vetolapalla 26. YlMpalokattilan 20 ylMosassa on ns. konvektio-osa 51, jonne palamiskaasut johdetaan solan 53 kautta.Figure 1 is a side view and sectional view of a combustion boiler 20 according to the invention for burning wood or other solid fuels. The firebox 27 is unlined and surrounds the water space 23. The boiler 20 is insulated with an insulating layer 24. The upper part of the firebox 27 has a wood hatch 21 and the lower part of the grate 15 has a fire hatch 22 40 for proximity, cleaning and removing ash. The fire service hatch 22 is provided with a draft 25 to control the combustion air of the fire washer 27. The combustible wood of the fire washer 27 receives the combustion air through the fire blade 25 of the fire service hatch 22 20. The operating hatch 21 is also provided with an additional air suction blade 26. The upper part of the upper boiler 20 has a so-called a convection section 51 to which the combustion gases are introduced through the passage 53.

25 Keksinnon mukaan tulipesMn 27 ylMosaan on lisMtty liiku-teltava lisalevy 30 palamiskaasujen ohjaamiseksi. LisMle-vy 30 on valmistettu tulenkestavasta teraksesta. Se on lahes tulipesan 27 levyinen ja lepMM tulipesMn 27 si-vuilla olevien kannakkeiden 31 varassa. LisMlevyn 30 30 etMisyys katosta on edullisimmin noin 3-15 cm. Polttoti-lanteessa lisMlevy 30 on tyonnettynM tulipesMn 27 pe-raseinaan kiinni, jolloin lisMlevyn 30 eteen jMM suhteel-lisen pieni rako 28.According to the invention, a movable additional plate 30 is added to the top of the furnace 27 to control the combustion gases. LisMle-vy 30 is made of refractory steel. It is almost the width of the furnace 27 and rests on the brackets 31 on the sides of the furnace 27. The distance between the additional plate 30 and the ceiling is most preferably about 3-15 cm. In the case of combustion, the additional plate 30 is attached to the rear wall of the pushed firebox 27, with a relatively small gap 28 in front of the additional plate 30.

IIII

5 911905,91190

Lisålevyn 30 sijoittelusta seuraa se, ettå tåyttoluukun 21 vetolåpån 26 kautta saadaan palamisen tarvitsema lisåilma kohdistetuksi tarkasti lisålevyn 30 tulipesåån 27 jåttåmåån rakoon 28. Tålloin palamiskaasut palavat 5 tehokkaasti tåsså raossa 28 lisålevyn 30 etureunan ja tåyttoluukun 21 vetolåpån 26 låhistdssa. Ratkaisulla aikaansaadaan tulipesåån korkea kuumuus ja siten hyvå hyotysuhde. Låmpotila saattaa nousta jopa 600-800 °C asteeseen. Tåmån jålkeen savukaasut johdetaan puhdistus-10 luukulla 50 varustettuun konvektio- eli jålkipoltto-osaan 51 ja siitå edelleen savuhonniin. Jålkipoltto-osassa 51 savukaasut låxnmittåvåt sitå ympårdivåå vesitilaa 23, jolloin kaikki palamisesta syntyvå låmpoenergia saadaan hyodynnettyå.It follows from the placement of the additional plate 30 that the additional air required for combustion is precisely directed through the draw flap 26 of the filling hatch 21 to the slot 28 of the additional plate 30. The solution provides high heat in the furnace and thus a good efficiency. The temperature can rise up to 600-800 ° C. Thereafter, the flue gases are led to the convection or afterburning section 51 provided with the cleaning-hatch 50 and from there on to the flue. In the afterburning section 51, the flue gases measure the surrounding water space 23, whereby all the thermal energy generated by the combustion can be utilized.

1515

Tulipesåån 27 on sijoitettu myos muita levyjå. Viistoon asentoon arinan 40 pintaa vasten on sijoitettu kannakkei-den 42 varaan reuna- eli poskilevyt 41, jotka muodostavat arinan yhteyteen suppilomaisen palamistilan. Tåsså ka-20 peanunassa tilassa puiden palaminen on tehokkaampaa palo-tapahtuman loppupuolella, jolloin puita on arinalla enåå våhån. Palamisen tehostuminen johtuu osaksi siitå, ettå ilma ei tålloin pååsee oikaisemaan sivuilta, jossa puut ovat ehkå tålloin jo palaneet. Reunalevyjen 41 avulla 25 saadaan hiillokselle myos korkeampi låmpotila, koska levyt eriståvåt suoran kosketuksen vesivaippaan. Reunale-vyt 41 on valmistettu tulenkeståvistå metallilevyistå tai mahdollisesti myos tiilistå.The firebox 27 is also housed in other plates. In an oblique position against the surface of the grate 40, edge or cheek plates 41 are placed on the brackets 42, which form a funnel-shaped combustion space in connection with the grate. In this ka-20 main egg state, the burning of trees is more efficient towards the end of the fire event, when there are fewer trees in the grate. The intensification of combustion is partly due to the fact that the air cannot then be corrected from the sides where the trees may have already burned at that time. The edge plates 41 also provide a higher temperature for the charcoal, as the plates insulate in direct contact with the water jacket. The edge plates 41 are made of refractory metal plates or possibly also of brick.

30 Kuviossa 2 on esitetty keksinnon mukaisen ylåpalokattilan liikuteltava 20 lisålevy 30. Se on låhes tulipesån 27 levyinen ja valmistettu tulenkeståvåå metallista. Lisåil-man sopivan turbulenssin aikaansaamiseksi on lisålevyn 30 6 etureuna 32 sårmåtty. Sårmåys on kuvion 2 sovellutusmuo-dossa tehty viistosti alaspåin, mutta tarvittaessa se voidaan suunnata mihin suuntaan tahansa. Lisålevyn 30 takareuna 33 on kuviossa 2 myos sårmåtty alaspåin jåykis-5 teeksi. Lisålevyyn 30 voidaan lisåksi tehdå viela muita-kin taitteita levyn jåykiståmiseksi.Figure 2 shows a movable additional plate 30 for a top fire boiler 20 according to the invention. It is almost the width of the firebox 27 and is made of refractory metal. In order to provide suitable turbulence of the additional air, the leading edge 32 of the additional plate 30 6 is bevelled. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the bracing is made obliquely downwards, but if necessary it can be oriented in any direction. The rear edge 33 of the additional plate 30 is also bent downwards in Fig. 2 as a stiffener. In addition, additional folds may be made in the additional plate 30 to stiffen the plate.

Lisålevyn 30 etureunaan 32 on porattu reikiå 34, joiden tarkoituksena on ediståå palamiskaasujen ja vetolåpån 26 10 kautta virtaavan lisåilman seoksen palamista. Nåin liså-levy 30 kuumenee huomattavan kuumaksi muodostaen edulli-sen palamisympåriston palamiskaasuille.Holes 34 are drilled in the front edge 32 of the auxiliary plate 30 for the purpose of promoting the combustion of a mixture of combustion gases and additional air flowing through the drive flap 26 10. Thus, the additional plate 30 heats up considerably hot, creating a preferred combustion environment for the combustion gases.

Kuviossa 3 on esitetty keksinnon mukaisen ylåpalokattilan 15 20 tåyttovaihe. Kuviosta nåhdåån, ettå tulipesån 27 ylå- osassa oleva puiden tai muun poltettavan kiinteån materi-aalin tåyttoluukku 21 on avattuna. Samalla tulipesån 27 ylåosassa oleva lisålevy 30 on vedetty kannakkeiden 31 varassa tåyttoluukkua kohti. TållSin tulipesån 27 taka-20 osaan muodostuu rako 29, josta kuumat savukaasut pååsevåt tåyton aikana suoraan konvektio-osaan 51, eivåtkå nåin håiritse puiden lisååjåå.Figure 3 shows the filling step of the upper fire boiler 15 according to the invention. It can be seen from the figure that the filling hatch 21 for trees or other combustible solid material at the top of the firebox 27 is open. At the same time, the additional plate 30 at the top of the firebox 27 is pulled on the brackets 31 towards the filling hatch. In this way, a gap 29 is formed in the rear 20 part of the furnace 27, from which the hot flue gases enter the convection part 51 directly during filling, so that they do not interfere with the tree additive.

Tulipesån 27 voi tåyttåå puilla aivan lisålevyn 30 tasal-25 le asti. Koska lisålevy 30 on omalla painollaan kannakkeiden 31 varassa voidaan lisålevyå 30 nostaa myos ylos-påin tåyton helpottamiseksi.The firebox 27 can be filled with wood all the way to the additional plate 30 evenly. Since the additional plate 30 rests on its own weight on the brackets 31, the additional plate 30 can also be lifted upwards to facilitate filling.

Kuvion 4 leikkauskuviossa on esitetty keksinnon mukainen 30 ylåpalokattila 20 edestå påin nåhtynå. Kuviosta nåhdåån arinan 40 yhteydesså olevien reunalevyjen 41 sijoitus ja asento. Reunalevyjen 41 avulla on arinan 40 yhteyteen muodostettu suppilomainen palotila ja arinan 40 pinta onFig. 4 is a sectional view of the upper fire boiler 20 according to the invention seen from the front. The figure shows the position and position of the edge plates 41 in connection with the grate 40. By means of the edge plates 41, a funnel-like combustion chamber is formed in connection with the grate 40 and the surface of the grate 40 is

IIII

7 91190 samalla pienentynyt niin, etta palaminen on tarkkaan koh-distettua myos palamlsen loppuvaiheessa.7 91190 at the same time reduced so that the combustion is precisely targeted also at the end of the combustion.

Loppuhiillos ohjautuu reuna- tai poskilevyjen 41 muodos-5 tamaan kapeaan suppilomaiseen tilaan. Nåin estetåån hiilloksen hajautuminen liian suurelle alalle ja se, ettei ilmaa palamistapahtuman loppuvaiheessa pååse ari-nalla olevan hiilloksen ohi. Jos nain tapahtuu, niin se alentaa hyotysuhdetta ja vaikeuttaa loppupalamista.The final charcoal is directed to the narrow funnel-like space formed by the edge or cheek plates 41. This prevents the charcoal from scattering over too large an area and prevents air from passing the charcoal on Ari at the end of the combustion process. If this happens, then it lowers the efficiency and makes it harder to burn.

1010

Reunalevyt 41 on valmistettu tulenkeståvåstå metallista ja/tai tiiliistå. Koska reunalevyt 41 eriståvåt hiilloksen myos suhteellisen kylmista, vesivaipan muodostavista tulipesån seinistå, niin ne myos nostavat hiilloksen 15 låmpotilaa. Se on luonnollisesti edullista palamistapah-tumalle.The edge plates 41 are made of refractory metal and / or brick. Since the edge plates 41 also insulate the coal from the relatively cold furnace walls forming the water jacket, they also raise the temperature of the coal 15. It is, of course, advantageous for the combustion event.

Reunalevyt 41 on tuettu kannakkeiden 42 avulla tulipesån 27 sivuseiniin. Tålloin reunalevyjen 41 ja tulipesån 27 20 seinåmien våliin jåå raot 46, joista vetolåpån 25 kautta johdettu ilma pååsee kohoamaan yldspåin. Palaminen tehos-tuu myos tåstå syystå, koska lisåilmaa menee lisålevyn 30 lahelle, jossa sitå tarvitaan palokaasujen polttamiseksi.The edge plates 41 are supported by brackets 42 on the side walls of the firebox 27. In this case, gaps 46 must remain between the walls of the edge plates 41 and the firebox 27 20, from which the air passed through the pull flap 25 can rise above. Combustion is also enhanced for this reason because additional air goes to the bay of the additional plate 30, where it is needed to burn the combustion gases.

2525

Kuviossa 5 on esitetty keksinnon mukaisen ylåpalokattilan 20 toinen sovellutusmuoto, jossa lisåilma lisålevyn 30 ja tulipesån 27 våliseen rakoon 28 johdetaan kattilan tulipesån 27 etuosassa olevan ilmakanavan 44 kautta. Ilma 30 tulee tulipesåån 27 tulenhoitoluukun 22 vetolåpån 25 kautta. Ilmakanava 44 on muodostettu arinan 40 ylåpuolel-le tulipesån 27 etuosaan siten, ettå tulipesåån on sijoi-tettu pystysuuntainen kouru. Tålldin tåyttoluukussa 21 ei 8 vålttåmåttå tarvita vetolåppåå.Figure 5 shows another embodiment of an overhead boiler 20 according to the invention, in which additional air is led into the gap 28 between the additional plate 30 and the furnace 27 through the air duct 44 at the front of the boiler furnace 27. Air 30 enters the firebox 27 through the draw flap 25 of the fire service hatch 22. An air duct 44 is formed above the grate 40 in the front of the furnace 27 so that a vertical chute is placed in the furnace. In the filler hatch 21 of the container, 8 is not necessarily required in the drawbar.

Kuviossa 6 on esitetty ylåpalokattilan kolmas sovellutus-muoto, jossa ilma johdetaan tulipesåån 27 sellaista ilma-5 kanavaa 44 pitkin, joka on sijoitettu kattilan etuosaan vesitilan 23 ja eristekerroksen 24 våliin. Muissa suh-teissa ratkaisu vastaa kuviossa 5 esitettyå sovellutus-muotoa.Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of an overhead boiler, in which air is led to the furnace 27 through an air duct 44 located at the front of the boiler between the water space 23 and the insulating layer 24. In other respects, the solution corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 5.

10 Kuviossa 7 on esitetty ylåpalokattila, jossa on kalteva reunalevy 41 vain arinan 40 toisella laidalla. Arinan 40 vastakkaisella laidalla reunalevy 45 on pystysuuntainen muodostaen yhdessa tulipesån 27 seinåmån kanssa ilma-kanavan 47, jonka kautta lisailmaa johdetaan tulipesån 27 15 ylaosaan. Samalla pystysuuntainen reunalevy 45 eristaa tulipesån suhteellisen kylmåstå vesivaipasta, jolloin palamistapahtuman lampotila nousee ja palamisen hyotysuh-de paranee.Figure 7 shows a top fire boiler with an inclined edge plate 41 only on one side of the grate 40. On the opposite side of the grate 40, the edge plate 45 is vertical, together with the wall of the furnace 27, forming an air duct 47 through which additional air is led to the upper part of the furnace 27 15. At the same time, the vertical edge plate 45 separates the furnace from the relatively cold water jacket, whereby the temperature of the combustion event rises and the combustion efficiency improves.

20 Kuvion 7 sovellutusmuodossa on myos konvektio- eli jålki-poltto-osa 51 toisenlainen kuin edellisisså kuvioissa. Tåsså palamiskaasut puhdistusluukulla 50 varustettu jalkipoltto-osa 51 on muodostettu siten, ettå se on pååasillisesti påistå avoimen U-palkin muotoinen. Tållai-25 nen rakenne on helposti irroitettavissa, jolloin myos konvektio-osa on helposti puhdistettavissa.In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the convection or after-combustion part 51 is also different from the previous figures. Here, the foot combustion portion 51 provided with the cleaning hatch 50 of the combustion gases is formed so as to be substantially in the shape of an open U-beam. Such a structure is easily removable, so that the convection part can also be easily cleaned.

Alan ammattimiehelle on selvåå, ettå keksinndn erilaiset sovellutusmuodot voivat vaihdella jåljempånå esitettåvien 30 patenttivaatimusten puitteissa.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various embodiments of the invention may vary within the scope of the claims set forth below.

Claims

A method for improving the combustion conditions in a top-burning boiler, in which a boiler in the upper part of its fireplace forms a hot combustion zone (28) and in which the combustion gas and a combustion gas are contacted with the combustion gases in the combustion gases. means (30), characterized in that the combustion gases are conducted into the upper part of the fireplace by means of a horizon, heat-conserving and heat-resistant, and to the hot combustion zone (28) formed in the fireplace's part, (28) flowing through the hot combustion zone (28). ).

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that both additional air and combustion gases are led to an area close to the fuel hatch (21) for fuel in the upper part of the fireplace (27) so that the combustion of the combustion gases is at least partially effected while the gases are flowing. between the heat-resistant tile plate (30) and the loading hatch, and that the combustion gases are conducted from the hot combustion zone via a gap between the fireplace roof and the tile plate to the convection section.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that additional air is fed to the fireplace (27) via a drawbar (26) in a mission door (21) located in the upper part of the fireplace.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that additional air is supplied to the fireplace (27) in 91190 via a damping valve (25) in a fire cover (22) located in the lower part of the fireplace and further to the hot combustion zone via a side of the the lower part of the fireplace formed air duct (46, 47).

5. Top combustion boiler, to which a fireplace (27), a fireplace surrounding water jacket (23), a condition hatch (21), means (26, 44, 47) for supply of additional air, to form a hot combustion zone (28) in the upper part of the fireplace (27), and a heat-retaining means 10 and heat-resistant means (30), characterized therein that - the heat-preserving and heat-resistant means (30) is one of the heat-resistant material, such as refractory metal or ceramic material, produced on the horizon additional plate (30) arranged in the upper part of the fireplace at a distance from the fireplace roof part so that it conducts the combustion gases from the lower part of the fireplace via the hot combustion zone and through the gap between the fireplace roof part and the additional plate for the convection part.

6. A top-burning boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that the hot feed-burning zone is formed between the edge of the auxiliary plate (30) and the drawbar (26) in the fuel-loading door (21).

7. A top combustion boiler according to claim 5 or 6 characterized in that the additional plate (30) is movable on the horizon, to direct the combustion gases on the front or back side of the additional plate.

8. A top combustion boiler according to claim 5, 6 or 7 characterized by requiring an air duct (44, 46, 47) to supply an air duct (44, 46, 47) in the fire door (22) to a zone close to the zone of the additional plate (30). ) in the lower part of the fireplace (27), the air duct being arranged in the wall of the fireplace or on the surface thereof.

9. A top combustion boiler according to Claim 8, characterized in that a vertical or inclined side plate (41) is provided in the lower part of the fireplace (27) at a distance from the fireplace water jacket wall 10, which insulates the combustion zone from entering direct contact with the water jacket, forming an air duct (46, 47) through which additional air can be directed to the zone around the edge of the additional plate (30). Il