KR20040054454A - Method of Making Petroleum from Waste Vinyl and Apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided are an apparatus and a method for the emulsification of waste vinyls and plastics by thermal cracking thereof, which utilizes an indirect heating process to give fuel oils of good quality and produces carbon as a by-product. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises: a crusher(110) for crushing raw materials; a cyclone dust collector(130) for collecting foreign materials from the raw materials; a conveyor(140) consisting of a wire mesh; a metal removing device(141); a vibration selector(150); a foreign material selection unit(151); a storage tank(170): a hopper scale(180) for supplying the raw material in a uniform manner; an introduction rotary feeder(190) for the raw materials and catalysts; a device(191) for supplying the catalysts in a constant amount; a pair of introduction cylinders(200) reciprocating alternately and supplying the raw materials continuously in such a state that external atmosphere is interrupted; a melting furnace(210); a first and a second cracking furnaces(220,230); a hot air generator(231) for circulating hot air in the melting furnace and the cracking furnaces; a scum discharging unit(240) disposed at the bottom of the second cracking furnace(230); an oil sending duct(232); a catalytic reactor(233); a separation tower(260); an air condenser(270); a first condenser(280) and a first fuel oil storage tank(300); and a second condenser(280) and a second fuel oil storage tank(300).

Description

Method and apparatus for pyrolysis emulsification of waste vinyl and plastics {Method of Making Petroleum from Waste Vinyl and Apparatus therefor}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for pyrolytic emulsification of waste vinyl and plastic waste, characterized by a pyrolysis method by a catalyst in a pressureless, oxygen-free state.

Waste vinyl and waste plastic are compounds produced from petroleum as a raw material, and have low recycling rate and are mostly disposed of as waste. Since these wastes take a long time to decompose in nature, they pollute the soil and cause serious environmental pollution. Various emulsification methods and devices have been studied and are still being developed as a method for recycling waste vinyl and plastic waste. Waste vinyl and waste plastic are petroleum. Fuel oil, gasoline, diesel oil and liquefied gas are also extracted from petroleum. Waste vinyl and waste plastic are polymers of high molecular weight and their composition consists of carbon and hydrogen. In contrast, gasoline, diesel oil and fuel oil have a low molecular weight. Since waste vinyl and waste plastic can be seen as solid petroleum having a high molecular weight, it can be converted into liquid and gaseous petroleum by liquefying and cracking it.

Cracking methods are divided into thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. The longer the chain of hydrocarbons at a given temperature, the more easily the link between carbon and carbon, and carbon and hydrogen atoms, and conversely, the shorter the chain, the less likely it is. Breaking this chain requires higher temperatures and special catalysts. Substances produced in decomposition reactions in which hydrocarbons lose their linkages to carbon atoms become methane-based hydrocarbons and ethylene-based hydrocarbon molecules with relatively small molecular weights. In order for the catalytic cracking reaction to occur smoothly, hydrocarbon molecules must be carbon ions, which requires a single electron in the carbon atom of the hydrocarbon molecule. The gasoline obtained by the catalytic cracking reaction has many constituents with side chains in the straight chain, so that the octane number is higher than the gasoline obtained by the pyrolysis method, and the diesel oil obtained in the catalytic cracking reaction has a relatively low freezing point.

The present invention is a method and apparatus for recovering pyrolyzed oil from waste vinyl or waste plastic by a catalyst and pyrolysis through a flow type emulsifying apparatus. The emulsification method and apparatus developed so far is a batch type, in which a large amount of raw materials are injected at a time for melting and decomposition, so that the decomposition time is long and the production amount of the emulsified gas is severe. Increasing investment is inefficient.

In addition, since the raw material contains a lot of impurities, it is not easy to remove them before they are introduced into the emulsifier. In the case of the batch type, impurities accumulate and the process must be stopped and cooled to room temperature to remove accumulated foreign substances. Therefore, productivity is inevitably lowered due to an increase in fuel costs and a shortening of operating time due to restarting. The present invention is to solve the problems and to supply the raw material continuously to increase the productivity and to effectively select the foreign matter, to provide a pyrolysis-based emulsification method and apparatus by a catalyst in a pressureless, oxygen-free state.

The present invention takes an indirect heating method that melts and decomposes with high temperature air to prevent carbonization and the distribution of hydrocarbon molecular weight when pyrolyzing waste vinyl and plastic waste, and promotes cracking and cracking of raw materials. Special catalysts are used to produce high quality emulsified products by automatically controlling the decomposition time and input amount according to the type of raw materials.

1 is a manufacturing process block diagram of the present invention

2 is a block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention

<Code Description of Major Codes in Drawing>

110. Grinder 120. Blower

130. Cyclone Dust Collector 131. Back Wheel

140. Conveyor 141. Iron Removal Hole

150. Vibration sorter 151. Impurity sorting port

160. Transfer conveyor 170. Storage tank

180. Hopper scale 190. Rotary feeder

191. Catalytic Meter Feeder 200. Input twin cylinder

210. Melting Furnace 211. Rotating Screw

220. First cracking furnace 230. Second cracking furnace

231. High heat air generator 232. Oil pipe

233. Catalytic Reactor 240. Waste Ejector

250. Rotary feeder 260. Separation tower

261.Recovery line 270. Air cooler

280. First Cooling Condenser 290. Second Cooling Condenser

300. First fuel oil storage tank 310. Second fuel oil storage tank

The configuration of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Waste vinyl and plastic waste are mixed with 10 to 80% by weight of foreign matter at the time of collection, and if not sufficiently pretreated, the yield of oil will be lowered, and foreign matter will accumulate in the process, which hinders production efficiency. The present invention does not rely on inefficient wet cleaning for the removal of foreign substances but follows the efficient dry screening method.

Apparatus of the present invention is a crusher 110 for crushing the raw material to 30-80mm, cyclone dust collector 130 for collecting the foreign matter by using the blower 120, the conveyor 140 consisting of a wire mesh and the iron removal An impurity separator 151 consisting of a sphere 141, a vibrating separator 150, a storage tank 170, a hopper scale 180 for uniformly supplying raw materials, a raw material and a catalyst for inputting a catalyst quantitative feeder 191 are introduced. Rotary feeder 190, the input double cylinder 200 to supply the raw material continuously in the state of reciprocating alternately and blocking the outside air, the melting furnace 210 with a built-in rotary screw 211, primary decomposition with a built-in rotary screw At the rear of the furnace 220 and the secondary cracking furnace 230, the high-temperature air generator 231, secondary cracking furnace 230 for circulating high-temperature air in the melting furnace 210 and the primary and secondary cracking furnaces 220, 230. Installed waste discharger 240, the oil pipe 232 and the catalytic reactor 233 in communication with the secondary cracking furnace 230, the separation tower 260, Branched from the separation tower 260 to the air cooler 270, the first cooling condenser 280 and the first fuel oil storage tank 300, the second cooling condenser 290 and the second fuel oil storage tank 310 It is a series of configurations.

The apparatus of the present invention performs dry sorting and separates 60-80% of foreign matters from water washing and hot air drying of raw materials through an effective pretreatment process. The heavy iron is dropped into the iron removing hole 141 through the wire mesh of the conveyor 140, and the soil, stone, sand, etc. are collected in the impurity separator 151 by the vibrating separator 150. In the catalyst storage supply 191, the first catalyst is introduced, and the injection pair cylinder 200 maintains the external air to be blocked to prevent heat loss of the melting furnace 210. The raw material introduced into the melting furnace 210 is dissolved and promotes decomposition by acting with the first catalyst in the primary cracking furnace 220, and the undissolved dissolved raw material is completely decomposed in the secondary cracking furnace 230 to become an emulsified gas. .

The high temperature air supplied from the high temperature air generator 231 is supplied to, recovered, and circulated to the melting furnace 210 and the primary and secondary decomposition furnaces 220 and 230. The high-temperature air generator 231 generates high-temperature air at 600-700 ° C., 300-400 ° C. for the melting furnace 210, 400-500 ° C. for the primary decomposition furnace 220, and 500-600 for the secondary decomposition 230. A control device is provided for supplying high temperature air at degrees Celsius, respectively. The emulsion gas of the secondary decomposition furnace 230 is reacted with the second catalyst in the catalyst reactor 233 via the oil pipe 232 and then reaches the separation tower 260.

Heavy oil in the emulsion gas separated in the separation tower 260 is re-introduced to the primary cracking furnace 220 through the recovery pipe 261, and refined fuel oil is separated into two types, one of the air cooler 270 and the first cooling The other fuel is stored in the first fuel oil storage tank 300 via the condenser 280 and the second fuel oil storage tank 310 via the second cold water condenser 290. Here, the first fuel oil is gasoline and the second fuel oil refers to diesel oil.

The emulsification method of the present invention melts a mixture of copper, nickel and aluminum oxide in a pretreated raw material with a first catalyst and thermally decomposes in a second step, but melting and decomposition increase the temperature of indirect heating and oxidize the produced emulsion gas. It is a process of separating gasoline which is a 1st fuel oil, and diesel oil which is a 2nd fuel oil, using the mixture of nickel, cobalt oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide as a 2nd catalyst.

The present invention is excellent in the pretreatment process and can be maintained in a constant temperature because the melting and decomposition is indirect heating method to obtain a high quality fuel oil. In addition, the use of a special first catalyst and a second catalyst is excellent in promoting the emulsification reaction, and also has the advantage of obtaining carbon as a by-product by performing secondary decomposition in the state of blocking external air.

Claims (2)

A grinder 110 for crushing the raw material to 30-80mm, a cyclone dust collector 130 for collecting the foreign matter by using the blower 120, the conveyor 140 consisting of a wire mesh and a metal removing hole 141, The impurity separator 151, the reservoir 170, the hopper scale 180 for supplying the raw materials constantly, the input rotary feeder 190 for feeding the raw materials and the catalyst, and the catalyst metering feeder 191. , Input double cylinder 200 continuously supplying raw materials in a state in which the double movement alternately and blocking the outside air, the melting furnace 210 with a built-in rotary screw 211, the first and second cracking furnace with a built-in rotary screw 220 ) 230, the high-temperature air generator 231 for circulating high-temperature air in the melting furnace 210 and the first and second decomposition furnaces 220 and 230, the waste discharger 240 installed at the rear end of the secondary decomposition furnace 230 , Branched from the oil pipeline 232 and the catalytic reactor 233 and the separation tower 260 in communication with the secondary cracking furnace 230, the air cooler 270 and the first Pyrolysis oil of waste vinyl and plastics, characterized in that the cooling condenser 280 and the first fuel oil storage tank 300 and the second cooling condenser 290 and the second fuel oil storage tank 310 Device. A mixture of copper, nickel and aluminum oxide is melted in the pretreated raw material with a first catalyst and pyrolyzed over a second stage, with melting at 300-400 ° C, primary pyrolysis at 400-500 ° C and secondary pyrolysis at 500-600 ° C. And a process of separating gasoline, which is a first fuel oil, and diesel oil, which is a second fuel oil, using a mixture of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide as a second catalyst in the resulting emulsion gas. Pyrolysis emulsification method of waste vinyl and plastic waste.