KR20040043485A - In plane switching mode liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display is provided to arrange a common electrode and a pixel electrode symmetrically to improve a viewing angle. CONSTITUTION: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display includes the first and second pixels(100a,100b) defined by gate lines(101) and data lines(103). The data lines are arranged zigzag. The running direction of the data line of the first pixel and the running direction of the data line of the second pixel are symmetrical. Thin film transistors(115a,115b) are respectively formed in the first and second pixels. The thin film transistors respectively include gate electrodes(116a,116b) extended from the gate lines, semiconductor layers(117a,117b) formed on the gate electrodes, source electrodes(118a,118b) and drain electrodes(119a,119b), which are extended from the data lines and arranged on the semiconductor layers. The first and second common electrodes(105a,105b) and the first and second pixel electrodes(107a,107b) are respectively arranged in the first and pixels. The running direction of the first common electrode and pixel electrode and the running direction of the second common electrode and pixel electrode are symmetrical.

Description

Transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device {IN PLANE SWITCHING MODE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device, and in particular, by symmetrically arranging the direction of the data line, the common electrode, and the pixel electrode of adjacent pixels with respect to the gate line, the viewing angle characteristic can be improved and the aperture ratio can be increased. A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device.

Recently, with the development of various portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and notebook computers, there is a growing demand for flat panel display devices for light and thin applications. Such flat panel displays are being actively researched, such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (Field Emission Display), VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display), but mass production technology, ease of driving means, Liquid crystal display devices (LCDs) are in the spotlight for reasons of implementation.

Such liquid crystal display devices have various display modes according to the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules. However, TN mode liquid crystal display devices are mainly used because of the advantages of easy monochrome display, fast response speed, and low driving voltage. In such a TN mode liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules aligned horizontally with the substrate are almost perpendicular to the substrate when a voltage is applied. Therefore, there is a problem that the viewing angle is narrowed upon application of voltage due to the refractive anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules.

In order to solve this viewing angle problem, liquid crystal display devices of various modes having wide viewing angle characteristics have recently been proposed, but among them, the liquid crystal display device of the lateral field mode (In Plane Switching Mode) is applied to actual production. It is produced. The IPS mode liquid crystal display device improves the viewing angle characteristic by forming a planar transverse electric field when a voltage is applied to align the liquid crystal molecules in a planar manner, and the basic concept is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

1 and 2, in the conventional transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device, the rubbing direction θ _R is set to 90 ° <θ _R <180 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction (0 °) of the gate line formed on the substrate. The liquid crystal layer 30 is aligned in a predetermined direction, and the polarization transmission axis direction θ _PL1 of the polarizing plate 40 attached to the first substrate 10 is 0 ° <θ _PL1 <90 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the gate wiring. In degrees, the polarization transmission axis direction of the analyzer 50 attached to the second substrate 20 is set to 90 ° <θ _PL2 <180 °. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the liquid crystal molecules 32 are aligned along the rubbing direction θ _R.

However, in the conventional transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device as described above, there is a problem that the color changes according to the viewing angle direction. As shown in FIG. 1C, the liquid crystal molecules 32a near the first substrate 10 are oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate wiring by the transverse electric field 34 and the liquid crystals near the second substrate 20. Since the molecules 32b are twisted by being oriented and twisted at an angle greater than 90 ° and smaller than 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the gate wiring, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), each of the molecules blue is blue in the viewing angle directions of X and Y. Color change occurs depending on the direction of view as yellow and yellow (YELLOW), deteriorating the image quality.

In order to solve the above problems, an IPS mode liquid crystal display device having a structure as shown in FIG. 3 has been proposed (Korean Patent Application No. 1996-23115). As shown in the figure, in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device of this structure, pixels defined by the gate line 1 and the data line 3 are divided into two domains. That is, the pixel electrode line 8 to which the pixel electrode 7 is connected and the common line 6 to which the common electrode 5 are connected are disposed at the center of the pixel, and the pixel electrode line 8 and the common line ( Based on 6), the pixel is divided into two domains I and II.

The thin film transistor 15 including the gate electrode 16, the semiconductor layer 17, the source electrode 18, and the drain electrode 19 is formed in an area where the gate line 1 and the data line 3 intersect in the pixel. In this case, a signal input from the outside is applied to the pixel electrode 7, and a transverse electric field is generated in the liquid crystal layer as the signal is applied.

In the IPS mode liquid crystal display device having the above structure, the rubbing direction θ _R is formed along the data line 3, and the rubbing direction θ _R is formed along the extension direction of the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 of the first domain I of the pixel. The extension direction of the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 of the second domain II is different. In particular, the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 are formed obliquely with respect to the gate line 1, and the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 of the first domain I and the second domain II are inclined. ) Is symmetric about the common line 6. Therefore, the color conversion is compensated with each other in the first domain I and the second domain II, so that the color conversion does not appear in the eyes of the actual user.

However, the following problems also exist in the IPS mode liquid crystal display device having the above structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the data line 3 is perpendicular to the gate line 1, whereas the common electrode 5 and the pixel electrode 7 are formed obliquely with the gate line 1. Therefore, spaces a, b, c, and d between the data line 3 and the pixel electrode 7 remain in each domain, and the spaces a, b, c, and d are transverse electric fields when voltage is applied. Is a dead area where no liquid crystal molecules are driven. Therefore, the above space is a major cause of lowering the aperture ratio of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing, and provides a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device having improved viewing angle characteristics by symmetrically arranging common and pixel electrodes in adjacent pixels with respect to gate lines, respectively.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device capable of improving an aperture ratio by removing a dead area where a transverse electric field is not applied by arranging data lines in parallel with a common electrode and a pixel electrode.

In order to achieve the above object, in the transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display according to the present invention, a gate line, a data line arranged at an angle of θ _Da with the gate line, and a transverse electric field are formed in parallel with the data line. A plurality of first pixels including at least one pair of electrodes, adjacent to the first pixels, a gate line, a data line arranged at an angle of θ _Db with the gate line, and arranged in parallel with the data line It is composed of a plurality of second pixels including at least a pair of electrodes forming a transverse electric field.

The data line of the first pixel and the data line of the second pixel are symmetric about the gate line, and the data line of the first pixel is arranged at about 70 ° to 80 ° with the gate line.

The orientation direction θ _R of the first and second pixels is θ _R = 90 °, and the liquid crystal molecules of the first pixel and the liquid crystal molecules of the second pixel are symmetrically aligned with respect to the gate line when a voltage is applied. As a result, the viewing angle characteristic is improved.

Since the data line is arranged in parallel with the common electrode and the pixel electrode, there is no dead area between the electrode and the data line, thereby reducing the aperture ratio.

1 (a) to 1 (d) show a basic driving method of a conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device.

2 is a view showing an optical axis direction of a conventional IPS mode liquid crystal display device.

3 is a plan view showing the structure of a conventional two-domain IPS mode liquid crystal display device.

4 is a plan view showing the structure of an IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II ′ of FIG. 4.

6 is a view showing an optical axis direction of an IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention;

7 (a) to 7 (d) show a basic driving method of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

101: gate line 103: data line

105: common electrode 106: common line

107: pixel electrode 108: pixel electrode line

110,120: substrate 112: gate insulating layer

114: protective layer 115: thin film transistor

116: gate electrode 117: semiconductor layer

118: source electrode 119: drain electrode

130: liquid crystal layer 132,133: liquid crystal molecules

140: polarizing plate 150: detector plate

The present invention provides an IPS mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic and an increased aperture ratio. The improvement of the viewing angle characteristic is realized by compensating for color conversion by forming the common electrode and the pixel electrode formed in adjacent pixels at an angle symmetrically with respect to the gate line, and the increase of the aperture ratio makes the data line parallel to the common electrode and the pixel electrode. This can be achieved by removing the dead region where the transverse electric field is not formed by forming (that is, at an oblique angle with the gate electrode).

In other words, by arranging the pixels in a zigzag form along the data line direction, color conversion between adjacent pixels is compensated and the aperture ratio is prevented from being lowered.

As the pixel is configured as described above, in the IPS mode LCD of the present invention, two adjacent pixels serve as two domains for compensating a viewing angle.

Hereinafter, an IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4 is a plan view showing the structure of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II ′ of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a view showing an optical axis direction. In the drawing, only two pixels 100a and 100b adjacent to each other are shown. In the actual IPS mode liquid crystal display, a plurality of pixels as described above are formed. However, only two adjacent pixels may be shown to clearly display the features of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, the pixels 100a and 100b are defined by the gate line 101 and the data line 103, and the data lines 103 are disposed in a zigzag shape as a whole. That is, the extension direction θ _Da of the data line 103 of the first pixel 100a is 0 ° <θ _Da <90 ° (preferably with respect to the extension direction θ _G = 0 °) of the gate line 101. Is θ _Da = 70 to 80 ° and the extension direction θ _Db of the data line 103 of the second pixel 100b is 270 ° <θ _Db <360 ° (ie, −90 ° <θ _D <0). °, preferably θ _Db = -80 to -70 °). In this case, the extension direction θ _Da of the data line 103 of the first pixel 100a and the extension direction θ _Db of the data line 103 of the second pixel 100b are centered on the gate line 101. Symmetric to each other (θ _Da = −θ _Db ). Thin film transistors 115a and 115b are formed in each pixel. The thin film transistors 115a and 115b may include gate electrodes 116a and 116b extending from the gate line 101, semiconductor layers 117a and 117b formed on the gate electrodes 116a and 116b, and the data line 103. And source electrodes 118a and 118b and drain electrodes 119a and 119b extending from the semiconductor layers 117a and 117b.

On the other hand, common electrodes 105a and 105b and pixel electrodes 107a and 107b are disposed in the first and second pixels 100a and 100b, respectively. The extending direction θ _ELa of the common electrode 105a and the pixel electrode 107a in the first pixel 100a is 0 ° <θ _ELa <90 ° and the common electrode 105b in the second pixel 100b. ) And the extending direction θ _ELb of the pixel electrode 107b is −90 ° <θ _ELb <0 °. In this case, the extension directions of the common electrodes 105a and 105b and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b are symmetrical with each other in the first pixel 100a and the second pixel 100b around the gate line 101 (θ). _ELa = -θ _ELb).

In addition, the data lines 103 are arranged substantially parallel to the common electrodes 105a and 105b and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b. That is, the extending direction θ _Da of the data line 103 of the first pixel 100a is the same as the extending direction θ _ELa of the common electrode 105a and the pixel electrode 107a of the first pixel 100a ( θ _Da = θ _ELa , and the extending direction θ _Db of the data line 103 of the second pixel 100b is the extending direction θ _ELb of the common electrode 105b and the pixel electrode 107b of the second pixel 100b. Is the same as (θ _Db = θ _ELb ).

The rubbing direction θ _R of the alignment layer is perpendicular to the extending direction θ _G of the gate line 101. Accordingly, the rubbing direction θ _R of the alignment layer, the common electrode 105a of the first pixel 100a, and the extending direction θ _ELa of the pixel electrode 107a are 90 ° -θ _ELa (preferably 10 ° to 10 °). extension direction (θ _ELb) of the common electrode (105b) and a pixel electrode (107b) forms the rubbing direction (θ _R of the alignment film), and the second pixel (100b) to 20 °) is θ _ELa -270 ° (preferably - 10 ° to -20 °).

As shown in FIG. 5, the gate electrode 116 and the common electrode 105 of the thin film transistor 115 are formed on the first substrate 110 made of a transparent material such as glass, and the first substrate 110 is formed on the first substrate 110. The gate insulating layer 112 is laminated throughout. In addition, a semiconductor layer 117 is formed on the gate insulating layer 112, and a source electrode 118 and a drain electrode 119 are formed thereon. On the other hand, the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b are formed on the gate insulating layer 112 substantially in parallel with the common electrode 105.

The gate electrodes 118 of the common electrodes 105 and 105b and the thin film transistor 115 are formed by sputtering or depositing a metal such as Cu, Mo, Ta, Cr, Ti, Al, or an Al alloy. It is formed by etching, and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b, the source electrode 118, and the drain electrode 119 are formed on the semiconductor layer 116 and the gate insulating layer 112, respectively. The pixel electrodes 107a and 107b, the source electrode 112, and the drain electrode 114 are formed by stacking metals such as Cr, Mo, Ta, Cu, Ti, Al, or Al alloys by sputtering or vapor deposition. It is formed by etching.

On the other hand, the second substrate 120 facing the first substrate 110 has a black matrix 122 for preventing light from leaking between pixels and the thin film transistor region, and for realizing colors. The color filter layer 124 is formed, and a liquid crystal is injected between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 to form the liquid crystal layer 130. In general, the liquid crystal layer 130 is formed by injecting liquid crystal between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 bonded by the vacuum injection method, but the first substrate 110 or the second substrate ( The liquid crystal may be directly added onto the 120, and then may be formed by a liquid crystal dropping method in which the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are bonded to the whole substrate.

Alignment layers 113 and 123 for aligning liquid crystals are stacked on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, respectively, and the polarizing plates 140 are respectively disposed on the bonded first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120. ) And the detector plate 150 are attached. The optical axis direction θ _PL1 of the polarizing plate 140 is θ _PL1 = 0 ° and the optical axis direction θ _PL2 of the analyzer plate 150 is θ _PL2 = 90 ° parallel to the orientation direction θ _R.

The driving of the IPS mode liquid crystal display device configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are cross-sectional views and a plan view of an IPS mode liquid crystal display device (only the main parts are shown) when no voltage is applied, and FIGS. 7 (c) and 7 (d) are voltages. Fig. 1 is a sectional view and a plan view of the IPS mode liquid crystal display element when this is applied.

First, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, when no voltage is applied, all of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer in the middle of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are firstly formed. The optical film is aligned by the alignment film 113 and the second alignment film 123 such that the optical axis thereof is substantially parallel to the substrate. Light incident in the direction of the first substrate 110 is linearly polarized by the polarizing plate 140 to pass through the liquid crystal layer 130 to reach the spectroscopic plate 150 as it is. However, since the transmission axis direction of the detector plate 150 is perpendicular to the transmission axis direction of the polarizer plate 140, the light does not penetrate the detector plate 150 to be in a nominally black mode.

When a voltage is applied, the parallel electric field 134 is applied inside the liquid crystal layer 130 by the voltage between the common electrodes 105a and 105b and the pixel electrodes 107a and 107b. The parallel electric field 134 is a maximum value on the surface of the first alignment layer 113 of the first substrate 110, and is almost a liquid crystal threshold on the surface of the alignment layer 123 of the second substrate 120. In the center of the center value thereof becomes an intermediate value to form a nonuniform electric field whose intensity gradually decreases from the first substrate 110 to the second substrate 120.

Due to such a non-uniform electric field, the liquid crystal molecules 132a near the surface of the alignment layer 113 of the first pixel 100a of the first substrate 110 are influenced by a strong electric field so that the optical axis direction θ _LCa is the electrode. The liquid crystal molecules 132b perpendicular to the extending direction θ _{ELa of} the second substrate 110 and near the surface of the alignment layer 123 of the first pixel 100a of the second substrate 110 are parallel to the rubbing direction θ _R. It is oriented in the direction of 90 ° with the gate line 101. Therefore, in the first pixel 100a, the liquid crystal molecules 132 are twisted in a counterclockwise direction from the direction parallel to the rubbing direction θ _R , that is, to the θ _LCa direction in a state of 90 ° with the gate line 101. do. Further, in the second pixel 100b, when the voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules 133 are twisted in a direction parallel to the rubbing direction θ _R , that is, clockwise from the 90 ° to the θ _LCb in a state of 90 ° with the gate line 101. do.

As a result, the liquid crystal molecules 132 of the first pixel 100a and the liquid crystal molecules 133 of the second pixel 100b rotate in opposite directions. At this time, when the light linearly polarized by the polarizing plate 140 passes through the liquid crystal layer 130 in the twisted state, the polarization direction is rotated by the twisted liquid crystal layer 130, and the optical plate 150 has its optical axis. The direction coincides with the transmission axis direction of the analyzer plate 150 described above. As a result, the light polarized by the polarizing plate 140 and transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 130 is transmitted through the analyzer plate 150 as it is, and the screen is white.

The voltage applied to the electrode is 1V-5V, and the liquid crystal molecules of the first pixel 100a and the liquid crystal molecules of the second pixel 100b are arranged symmetrically with each other by the electric field of each pixel. It is possible to obtain gaze angles symmetrical with each other. Accordingly, the change in color occurring in the viewing angle directions of X and Y is different in the first pixel 100a and the second pixel 100b. That is, in the first pixel 100a, a color change occurs from the viewing angle direction of X to blue, and a color change occurs from the viewing angle direction of Y to yellow. In addition, in the second pixel 100b, a yellow color change occurs in the X viewing angle direction, and a blue color change occurs in the Y viewing angle direction. Accordingly, the color change due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules is compensated with each other in the first pixel 100a and the second pixel 100b to obtain a desired color in the entire pixel, which means that the viewing angle characteristic is improved. .

As described above, in the present invention, the following effects can be obtained by forming the pixels in a zigzag form.

First, color conversion is compensated by symmetrically disposing the common electrode and the pixel electrode of adjacent pixels around the gate line, and as a result, the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

In this case, by arranging the data lines in parallel with the common electrode and the pixel electrode, it is possible to eliminate the dead region where no transverse electric field is applied in the pixel, thereby preventing the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display device from being lowered.

Claims (18)

A plurality of gate lines formed on the first substrate; A plurality of data lines crossing the gate lines and symmetrical with respect to the gate lines at a predetermined angle; A plurality of driving elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines; And A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device comprising at least one pair of electrodes arranged in parallel with the data line to generate a transverse electric field. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein the driving device is a thin film transistor. The method of claim 2, wherein the thin film transistor, A gate electrode formed on the substrate; A gate insulating layer stacked over the entire substrate on which the gate electrode is formed; A semiconductor layer formed on the insulating layer; A source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the semiconductor layer; And A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device comprising a protective layer stacked over the entire substrate on which the source and drain electrodes are formed. The method of claim 1, A second substrate on which a color filter is formed; And The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device further comprising a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are formed with a first alignment film and a second alignment film for aligning liquid crystal molecules. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 5, wherein the alignment direction of the alignment layer is perpendicular to the gate line. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 6, wherein the data lines are arranged at an angle to the alignment direction. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode, Common electrode; And And a pixel electrode arranged in parallel with the common electrode. A plurality of first pixels including a gate line, a data line arranged at an angle of θ _Da with the gate line, and at least one pair of electrodes arranged in parallel with the data line to form a transverse electric field; And A plurality of second electrodes including a gate line, a data line arranged at an angle of θ _Db with the gate line, and at least a pair of electrodes arranged in parallel with the data line to form a transverse electric field; Transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device composed of two pixels. 10. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein θ _Da = −θ _Db . The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein θ _Db = 70 ° to 80 °. 10. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein an orientation direction θ _R of the first pixel and the second pixel is θ _R = 90 °. A plurality of gate lines formed on the substrate; A plurality of data lines intersecting the gate lines and arranged in a zigzag shape; A plurality of driving elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines; And A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device comprising at least one pair of electrodes arranged in parallel with the data line to generate a transverse electric field. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 13, wherein the data line is symmetric about the gate line. A plurality of gate lines and data lines defining a plurality of pixels; A drive element disposed in each pixel; And At least one pair of electrodes arranged in the pixel to generate a transverse electric field, A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device characterized in that the pixels adjacent to the gate line have symmetrical viewing angle directions. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 15, wherein liquid crystal molecules of pixels adjacent to each other when voltage is applied are symmetrically oriented about a gate line direction. 17. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display of claim 16, wherein the data lines of the adjacent pixels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the gate lines. The transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device of claim 17, wherein the data lines are arranged at an angle of 70 ° to 80 ° with the gate line.