KR20030000455A - A composition for manual transmission oil - Google Patents
A composition for manual transmission oil Download PDFInfo
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- KR20030000455A KR20030000455A KR1020010036238A KR20010036238A KR20030000455A KR 20030000455 A KR20030000455 A KR 20030000455A KR 1020010036238 A KR1020010036238 A KR 1020010036238A KR 20010036238 A KR20010036238 A KR 20010036238A KR 20030000455 A KR20030000455 A KR 20030000455A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 자동차 수동변속기유 조성물에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 기유에 내마모제, 금속청정분산제, P계 마찰조정제 및 S-P계 극압첨가제를 적절히 조합한 자동차 수동변속기유 조성물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an automobile manual transmission oil composition, and more particularly, to an automobile manual transmission oil composition in which base oil is a combination of an antiwear agent, a metal clean dispersion agent, a P-based friction modifier, and an S-P-based extreme pressure additive.
일반적으로, 자동차 기어유는 고속회전, 고부하 사용환경에서 작동되므로 소부방지성과 마모방지성이 우수해야 한다. 이러한 자동차 변속기유로는 API GL-4, GL-5급의 품질이 많이 사용되고 있으며, 특히 수동변속기유로 API GL-3, GL-4, GL-5급이 사용되고 있으며, 고부하 조건에 있는 종감속기어에는 GL-5급 기어유가 사용되고 있다.In general, automotive gear oils operate in a high-speed rotation, high load use environment should be excellent anti-baking and wear protection. The quality of API GL-4, GL-5 is widely used as the transmission gear of automobiles, especially API GL-3, GL-4, GL-5 is used as manual transmission oil. GL-5 grade gear oil is used.
이들 중 API GL-4, GL-5급 기어유는 극압성과 내마모성을 높히기 위해 S-P계 첨가제를 사용하고 있다. 여기서, 대표적인 S계 첨가제로는 황화올레핀, 폴리설파이드(Polysulfide), 황화유지 등이 사용되고 있으며, 대표적인 P계 첨가제로는 인산에스테르, 또는 인산에스테르아민염 등이 사용되고 있다. 특히, 최근에는 변속성능과 교환주기를 연장시키기 위해 징크디티오포스페이트(Zn-DTP)와 청정분산제를 적절히 배합하여 제조한 Zn계 오일의 API GL-3 급의 사용이 증가되고 있으며, 특히 저온 변속성능에 대한 요구사항이 증가하고 있다. 이와같이 저온에서의 변속성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 저온점도를 낮추어야 하나 저온점도를 낮추기 위해서는 기유의 점도를 저점화 해야되는데 이는 기어의 피팅(Pitting) 또는 파손의 원인이 되므로 극압성이 우수한 오일을 제조하지 않으면 안된다. 그런데, 기어유가 높은 극압성을 가지려면 S-P계 극압제의 배합량을 증대시키면 되나, 고온 조건하에서는 산화 및 열화에 의해 슬러지가 발생되어 소부와 마모증대의 중요한 원인이 되고 있으며, 또한 부식마모를 초래할 수 있다. 또한, 대부분의 S-P계 첨가제를 사용한 수동변속기유는 변속시 마모소음(Clash Noise)을 발생시키는 원인이 되기도 한다.Among them, API GL-4 and GL-5 gear oils use S-P additives to increase extreme pressure and wear resistance. Here, as the representative S-based additives, sulfide olefins, polysulfides, and sulfide oils and the like are used, and as the representative P-based additives, phosphate esters or phosphate esteramine salts are used. In particular, in recent years, the use of API GL-3 grade of Zn-based oils prepared by properly mixing zinc dithiophosphate (Zn-DTP) and a clean dispersant to increase the shifting performance and the exchange period is increasing. Performance requirements are increasing. In order to improve the shifting performance at low temperature, the low temperature viscosity should be lowered, but in order to lower the low temperature viscosity, the viscosity of base oil should be lowered, which may cause the fitting or breakage of gears. Can not be done. However, if the gear oil has a high extreme pressure, the compounding amount of the SP-based extreme pressure agent may be increased. However, under high temperature conditions, sludge is generated by oxidation and deterioration, which is an important cause of increased burn and wear, and may also cause corrosion abrasion. have. In addition, a manual transmission oil using most of the S-P-based additives may cause a generation of Clash Noise during shifting.
일반적으로, 변속시 서로 다른 속도로 회전하고 있는 기어와 씽크로나이저링은 같은 속도로 동기되는데 이때 높은 동마찰계수는 변속시간을 짧게 해주고 변속력을 낮게 해준다. 동마찰계수가 낮을 경우 슬리브(Sleeve)와 클러치기어 이빨(Teeth) 사이에 비동기현상을 일으켜 마모소음(Clash Noise)이 발생된다. 동기후 슬리브(Sleeve)가 기어를 고정시킬 때 슬리브는 씽크로나이저링을 가볍게 움직이는데 정마찰계수(μs)가 높으면 강한 힘이 필요하게 되어 2차 충돌의 원인이 되기도 한다. 종래 S-P계 첨가제의 사용한계 온도는 120 ∼ 130℃ 정도이다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 징크디티오포스페이트(Zn-DTP)와 금속청정분산제를 사용한 수동변속기유는 S-P계 첨가제를 사용한 오일보다 극압성이 떨어지나 산화안정성이 우수하며 특히, 변속성능이 우수한 Zn계 수동변속기유가 사용되고 있다.그러나, 징크디티오포스페이트(Zn-DTP)와 금속청정분산제를 사용한 수동변속기유는 고하중 토크에서는 기어 및 베어링이 파손되는 경우가 있으며, 저온 변속성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 저온점도를 낮추어야 하나 제조상 저점도기유를 사용하여야 하기 때문에 고온에서 기어와 베어링에서의 피팅(Pitting)과 파손의 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서, 고온 및 저온에서의 변속성능과 내구성이 우수한 기유의 개발 필요성이 절실히 대두되고 있는 실정이었다.In general, gears and sinking rings that rotate at different speeds are synchronized at the same speed, and high dynamic friction coefficients shorten the shift time and lower the speed. When the coefficient of dynamic friction is low, abrasion occurs between the sleeve and the teeth of the clutch gear, resulting in abrasion noise. When the sleeve locks up the gear after synchronization, the sleeve moves the synchronizer ring lightly. A high static friction (μs) requires a strong force, which can cause secondary collisions. The service temperature of the conventional S-P-based additive is about 120 to 130 ℃. In order to overcome this problem, the manual transmission oil using zinc dithiophosphate (Zn-DTP) and the metal cleansing dispersant has lower extreme pressure than the oil using SP-based additives, but has excellent oxidation stability, and particularly, Zn-based manual having excellent shift performance. Transmission oils are used.However, manual transmission oils containing zinc dithiophosphate (Zn-DTP) and a metal cleansing dispersant may damage gears and bearings at high load torques, and to improve low temperature shifting performance. Although low viscosity base oil should be used in manufacturing, it is a cause of fitting and damage in gear and bearing at high temperature. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a base oil having excellent shifting performance and durability at high and low temperatures.
이에, 본 발명의 별명자는 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 예의 노력한 결과, 기유에 극압성과 내열특성이 우수한 S-P계 극압첨가제와 내마모제, 금속청정분산제, P계 마찰조정제 등을 적절한 비율로 배합하여 자동차용 수동변속기유를 제조하여 고온 및 저온에서의 변속성능과 내구성이 우수한 기유를 얻을 수 있음을 확인함으로써, 본 발명을 완성하였다.Therefore, the nickname of the present invention, as a result of intensive efforts to solve the above problems, SP-based extreme pressure additives having excellent extreme pressure and heat resistance properties in base oil, abrasion resistance, metal clean dispersion, P-type friction modifiers, etc. The present invention was completed by preparing a manual transmission base oil for high temperature and low temperature to obtain a base oil having excellent shift performance and durability.
결국, 본 발명의 주된 목적은 기유 50 내지 95 중량%, 내마모제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, 금속계 청정분산제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, P계 마찰조정제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, 극압첨가제 0.05 내지 5 중량%를 포함한 수동변속기유 조성물을 제공하는데 있다.After all, the main object of the present invention includes 50 to 95% by weight of the base oil, 0.05 to 5% by weight of the wear resistant agent, 0.05 to 5% by weight of the metal-based clean dispersant, 0.05 to 5% by weight of the P-based friction modifier, 0.05 to 5% by weight of the extreme pressure additive It is to provide a manual transmission oil composition.
이하, 본 발명의 자동차 수동변속기유 조성물에 대해 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, looking at the vehicle manual transmission oil composition of the present invention in more detail.
우선, 본 발명은 기유 50 내지 95 중량%, 내마모제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, 금속계 청정분산제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, P계 마찰조정제 0.05 내지 5 중량%, 극압첨가제 0.05 내지 5 중량%를 포함한 수동변속기유 조성물을 그 특징으로 한다.First, the present invention includes a manual transmission oil including 50 to 95% by weight of base oil, 0.05 to 5% by weight of abrasion resistant agent, 0.05 to 5% by weight of metal-based clean dispersant, 0.05 to 5% by weight of P-based friction modifier, and 0.05 to 5% by weight of extreme pressure additive. The composition is characterized by that.
여기서, 기유는 기유는 100℃ 동점도가 3 내지 10cSt이며, 광유 또는 합성유를 사용할 수 있다.Here, the base oil is 3 to 10 cSt kinematic viscosity of 100 ° C, mineral oil or synthetic oil can be used.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 내마모제로는 징크디티오포스페이트(Zn-DTP)를 사용하고, 전제함량 중 0.05 내지 5 중량%의 범위로 포함시키는 게 바람직하며, 특히, 프라이머리 징크디티오포스페이트(pri-ZnDTP)와 세컨더리 징크디티오포스페이트(sec-ZnDTP)의 비율이 2:1의 비율이 바람직하다. 왜냐하면, 프라이머리 징크디티오포스페이트(pri-ZnDTP)의 함량비율이 높아지면 내마모성은 좋아지나 씽크로나이저링의 정마찰계수가 높아지는 문제가 있으며, 함량비율이 낮아지면 내마모성이 좋지않은 문제가 있기 때문에 바람직하지 않으며, 또한 전체 함량 중 0.05 중량% 미만이면 기어 및 씽크로나이저링의 마모가 발생되고 5 중량%를 초과하면 정마찰계수가 높아져 변속성능이 저하되며 산화안정성이 나빠지는 문제가 발생되어 바람직하지 않게 되기 때문이다.In addition, as the antiwear agent according to the present invention, it is preferable to use zinc dithiophosphate (Zn-DTP), and to include it in the range of 0.05 to 5% by weight in the total content, in particular, primary zinc dithiophosphate (pri- The ratio of ZnDTP) and secondary zinc dithiophosphate (sec-ZnDTP) is preferably 2: 1. Because, when the content ratio of primary zinc dithiophosphate (pri-ZnDTP) is high, the wear resistance is good, but the static friction coefficient of the sinking ring is high, and when the content ratio is low, the wear resistance is not good. It is not preferable, and if the content is less than 0.05% by weight, wear of gears and synchronizer rings occurs, and if it exceeds 5% by weight, the static friction coefficient is increased, resulting in a decrease in shifting performance and poor oxidation stability. Because you will not.
그리고, 본 발명에서 금속청정분산제는 전염기가 200 이상인 마그네슘설포네이트, 칼슘설포네이트 또는 마그네슘피네이트 중에 선택된 1 종 이상을 전체 함량 중 0.05 내지 5 중량% 사용한다. 왜냐하면, 이들 함량이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 씽크로나이저링의 정마찰계수가 높아지는 반면, 5 중량%를 초과하면 산화안정성과 내마모성이 저하되는 문제가 발생하기 때문이다.In the present invention, the metal cleansing dispersant uses 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more selected from among magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate or magnesium pinate having a total salt of 200 or more. This is because if the content is less than 0.05% by weight, the static friction coefficient of the synchronizer ring is increased, whereas if the content is more than 5% by weight, the oxidation stability and the wear resistance are deteriorated.
그리고, 상기 본 발명에서 P계 마찰조정제는 화학식 1의 아민포스페이트나 또는 디라우릴포스페이트 중에서 선택 단독 또는 혼합하여 전체 함량 중 0.05 내지 5 중량%를 사용한다. 왜냐하면, 이들 함량이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 저온에서 정마찰계수가 높아지고 내마모성이 저하되는 반면, 5 중량%를 초과하면 산화안정성과 극압성이 저하되는 문제가 발생하기 때문이다.In the present invention, the P-based friction modifier is selected from the amine phosphate or dilauryl phosphate of the formula (1) alone or mixed to use 0.05 to 5% by weight of the total content. This is because if the content is less than 0.05% by weight, the static friction coefficient is increased and wear resistance is lowered at a low temperature, whereas if the content is more than 5% by weight, problems of oxidative stability and extreme pressure decrease.
또한, 극압첨가제는 화학식 2의 트리페닐포스포로티오네이트(Triphenyl phosphorothionate) 또는 화학식 3의 설퍼라이즈드 옥시몰리브데늄 오르가노포스포로디티오네이트(Sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithionate)를 전체 함량 중 0.05 내지 5 중량%를 포함한다. 왜냐하면, 이들 함량이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 극압성의 효과가 없어지며 5 중량%를 초과하면 산화안정성과 씽크로마찰특성이 떨어지게 되기 때문이다.In addition, the extreme pressure additive may contain 0.05 to 5% by weight of triphenyl phosphorothionate of formula (II) or sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithionate (Sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithionate) of formula (3). Include. This is because if the content is less than 0.05% by weight, the effect of extreme pressure is lost, and if the content is more than 5% by weight, the oxidative stability and the synchro friction property are deteriorated.
이밖에도, 본 발명은 점도지수향상제와 기타 첨가제를 포함하고 있는데, 이들로는 유동성향상제, 소포제, 녹부식방지제 등을 첨가한다.In addition, the present invention includes a viscosity index improver and other additives, and these include a flow improver, an antifoaming agent, an anticorrosive agent, and the like.
이하, 본 발명을 실시예에 의하여 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 그러나, 이들 실시예는 오로지 본 발명을 보다 구체적으로 설명하기 위한 것으로, 이들 실시예에 의하여 본 발명의 범위가 한정되지 않는다는 것은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어서 자명할 것이다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. .
실시예 1 내지 3:Examples 1 to 3:
하기 표 1에 나타낸 조성 및 함량을 이용하여 통상의 방법대로 자동차용 수동변속기유를 제조하였다. 그리고, 이들 기어유 조성물을 이용하여 4구 내하중성, 산화안정도, TIMKEN 극압성, 씽크로나이저링 시험을 실시하였으며 그 결과를 표 1에 함께 나타내었다. 이때, 4구 내하중성은 ASTM D 217 방법으로 특정하였으며, 산화안정도는 JIS K 2514에 따라 150℃에서 200h 시험후 40℃ 점도증가율과 펜탄불용분을 측정하였다. 또한, 씽크로나이저 내구시험은 1200rpm, 하중 400N, 온도 80℃에서 10000 cycle 일때의 마찰계수를 측정하였다.Using the composition and content shown in Table 1 below to prepare a manual transmission oil for automobiles in a conventional manner. In addition, four gear load resistance, oxidation stability, TIMKEN extreme pressure, and a synchronizer test were conducted using these gear oil compositions. The results are shown in Table 1 together. At this time, the four-hole load resistance was specified by the ASTM D 217 method, and the oxidation stability was measured in 40 ℃ viscosity increase and pentane insoluble content after 200h test at 150 ℃ according to JIS K 2514. In addition, the synchronizer endurance test measured the coefficient of friction at 10000 cycles at 1200rpm, 400N load and 80 ℃.
비교예 1 내지 2:Comparative Examples 1 to 2:
상기 실시예 1 내지 3에서와 같이 표 1에 나타낸 조성 및 함량을 이용하여 자동차 수동변속기유를 제조하였고, 이 기어유 조성물을 이용하여 상기 실시예와 동일한 방법으로 4구 내하중성, 산화안정도, TIMKEN 극압성, 씽크로나이저링 시험을 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 표 1에 함께 요약하여 나타내었다.As in Examples 1 to 3, a vehicle manual transmission oil was manufactured using the composition and the content shown in Table 1, and the four-wheel load resistance, oxidation stability, and TIMKEN were used in the same manner as in the above embodiment using the gear oil composition. The extreme pressure, synchronizer test was conducted, and the results are summarized in Table 1 together.
상기 시험결과로부터 징크디티오포스페이트와 금속청정분산제와 아민포스페이트, 디라우릴포스페이트 마찰조정제, 트리페닐포스포로티오네이트(Triphenyl phosphorothionate), 설퍼라이즈드 옥시몰리브데늄 오르가노포스포로디티오네이트(Sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithionate) 극압첨가제를 사용한 실시예 1과 실시예 2가 극압성과 싱크로나이저링 마찰특성이 우수하며 내하중성이 우수하며 극압첨가제양이 실시예1, 2보다 적은 실시예 3은 극압성이 조금 떨어지나 싱크로나이저링 마찰특성이 가장 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 실시예 1, 2, 3과 같이 수동변속기유를 제조한다면 고하중 고토크 수동변속기에 적용시 내구성을 향상 시킬 수 있으며 저점도 수동변속기유의 제조시 내구성을 만족 시킬 수 있을 것이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 전형적인 S-P계 첨가제를 사용한 비교예 1, 2와 같은 유교환형 수동변속기유 대비 산하안정성과 싱크로 마찰 특성이 우수하므로 교환주기의 연장이 가능함을 알 수 있다.Zinc Dithio Phosphate, Metal Clean Dispersant, Amine Phosphate, Dilauryl Phosphate Friction Modifier, Triphenyl phosphorothionate, Sulfurized Oxy Molybdenum Organophosphorodithionate (Sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithionate) Examples 1 and 2 using the extreme pressure additive have excellent extreme pressure and synchronizer ring friction characteristics, excellent load resistance, and the third embodiment having less extreme pressure additives than Examples 1 and 2 has a slight decrease in the extreme pressure, but the synchronizer It can be seen that the ring friction characteristics are the best. When manufacturing the manual transmission oil as in Examples 1, 2, 3 it can be seen that the durability can be improved when applied to a high load high torque manual transmission and satisfies the durability in the manufacture of low viscosity manual transmission oil. In addition, it can be seen that the replacement cycle can be extended because of excellent acid stability and synchro-friction characteristics compared to the oil exchange type manual transmission oils of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using typical S-P additives.
이상에서 상세히 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 자동차 수동변속기유 조성물에 관한 것이다. 이러한 본 발명에 따른 자동차 수동변속기유는 저온에서의 변속성능과 내구성이 우수하고, 그 결과 오일교환주기를 연장시켜 매우 경제적인 효과가 있다.As described in detail above, the present invention relates to a vehicle manual transmission oil composition. Automotive manual transmission oil according to the present invention is excellent in the transmission performance and durability at low temperatures, as a result of extending the oil change cycle has a very economic effect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030090891A (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-01 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Composition of gear oil for automobiles |
| KR100768547B1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-10-18 | 윤종근 | Rotation type display stand for book |
| WO2017171019A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition, and precision reduction gear using same |
| CN116478751A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Manual gearbox oil composite additive |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02175794A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-09 | Tonen Corp | Lubricating oil composition for infinitely variable gear |
| JPH07258674A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-09 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Gear oil composition for automobile |
| KR19990021228A (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 1999-03-25 | 남창우 | Automotive Transmission Oil Composition |
| KR100241282B1 (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 2000-02-01 | 김동수 | Composition for gear lubricant |
| KR20020043015A (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-08 | 이계안 | A composition for manual transmission oil |
| KR20020056067A (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-10 | 이계안 | A composition of manual transmission oil for improve shiftfeeling at low temperature |
| KR200256067Y1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2001-12-13 | 도레이새한 주식회사 | Spunbond having hydrophilic and excellent weather-resisting property |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030090891A (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-01 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Composition of gear oil for automobiles |
| KR100768547B1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-10-18 | 윤종근 | Rotation type display stand for book |
| WO2017171019A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 出光興産株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition, and precision reduction gear using same |
| CN108884407A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-11-23 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition and precision speed reducer using same |
| US10800991B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2020-10-13 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition, and precision reduction gear using same |
| CN116478751A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Manual gearbox oil composite additive |
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