EP1612258B1 - Use of additives in a lubricant composition for automotive driving system - Google Patents
Use of additives in a lubricant composition for automotive driving system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1612258B1 EP1612258B1 EP05011429.7A EP05011429A EP1612258B1 EP 1612258 B1 EP1612258 B1 EP 1612258B1 EP 05011429 A EP05011429 A EP 05011429A EP 1612258 B1 EP1612258 B1 EP 1612258B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- lubricant composition
- zinc
- alkaline earth
- earth metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCJQWJKKTGJDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[S] Chemical compound [P].[S] QCJQWJKKTGJDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC=C DZMOLBFHXFZZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)CCC(O)=O JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphite Chemical compound C=CCOP(OCC=C)OCC=C KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-methylpropoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UXHYTRGVMSDNEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;4-methylpentan-2-yloxy-(4-methylpentan-2-ylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)CC(C)C.CC(C)CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)CC(C)C UXHYTRGVMSDNEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OECQDNKCDGGPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)COP([S-])(=S)OCC(CC)CCCC.CCCCC(CC)COP([S-])(=S)OCC(CC)CCCC OECQDNKCDGGPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BCLLIVNRSGTXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;decoxy-decylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCC BCLLIVNRSGTXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IIBHRZFGLGQAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;di(butan-2-yloxy)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)OC(C)CC.CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)OC(C)CC IIBHRZFGLGQAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYEHCXHIPZIYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dodecoxy-dodecylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCC VYEHCXHIPZIYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ILSSWSPLQXNOCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexadecoxy-hexadecylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ILSSWSPLQXNOCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GUCOOWBDFCCDIY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexoxy-hexylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCC.CCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCC GUCOOWBDFCCDIY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SMHSUQSYYIPZSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;nonoxy-nonylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCC SMHSUQSYYIPZSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SCEZHTGVYQWPSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octadecoxy-octadecylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SCEZHTGVYQWPSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GBEDXBRGRSPHRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octoxy-octylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCC GBEDXBRGRSPHRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HHMFJIHYTYQNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxido-pentoxy-pentylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCC.CCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCC HHMFJIHYTYQNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YZKRIHZCXGPZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxido-propan-2-yloxy-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C YZKRIHZCXGPZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VVMXRJICRUKZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxido-sulfanylidene-tetradecoxy-tetradecylsulfanyl-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VVMXRJICRUKZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOSYCWKWYLZXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxido-sulfanylidene-tridecoxy-tridecylsulfanyl-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCCC UOSYCWKWYLZXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to a lubricant composition for automobile gears, especially for a manual speed-change gear.
- WO 00/70001 discloses the use high boron formulations as fluids for continuously variable transmissions to improve friction and anti-seizure properties and US 6.503.872 discloses manual transmission lubricants comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, at least one metal thiophosphate, at least one phosphite, at least one basic salt of an acidic organic compound and, optionally, at least one neutral or basic alkaline earth metal salt of a phenol or an aromatic carboxylic acid.
- the objective of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems relating to the prior art for improving mileage by providing a type of lubricant composition for automobile gears, especially a lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear, characterized by the fact that the mileage can be improved by lowering the viscosity of the lubricant and, at the same time, the durability of wear resistance can be maintained.
- the present inventors have performed extensive research. As a result of this research, it was found that when an specific alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate are mixed at a prescribed ratio, it is possible to obtain a lubricant composition that has a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 40 mm 2 /s or lower, and, at the same time, that has excellent wear resistance for steel parts and, especially, for aluminum parts, equal to or better than the wear resistance of a conventional commercially available lubricant with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 76 mm 2 /s.
- the present invention was achieved based on this finding.
- the present invention provides the use of a at least one alkaline earth metal salt and a zinc dithiophosphate in a lubricant composition to increase the wear resistance of manual speed-change gears, characterised in that the alkaline earth metal salt is magnesium sulfonate, the amount of magnesium element based on the total weight of lubricant composition is of 0.1 wt% or more, the elemental ratio of zinc to alkaline earth metal from the additive is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 and the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the lubricant composition is 40 mm 2 / s or less.
- the alkaline earth metal salt is magnesium sulfonate
- the amount of magnesium element based on the total weight of lubricant composition is of 0.1 wt% or more
- the elemental ratio of zinc to alkaline earth metal from the additive is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0
- the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the lubricant composition is 40 mm 2
- magnesium sulfonate as organic acid alkaline earth metal salt, in a prescribed quantity in a base oil with a low viscosity, and by mixing said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate at a prescribed ratio, it is possible to obtain a type of lubricant for a manual speed-change gear that can display significant wear resistance for not only steel parts but also aluminum sliding parts, and that has an excellent effect in increasing mileage.
- the present invention provides the use of a lubricant composition for manual speed-change gear, characterized by the fact that the lubricant composition is composed of a low-viscosity base oil as well as an organic acid alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate in a prescribed ratio.
- the preferable embodiments are the following :
- the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear contains a base oil as well as an organic acid alkaline earth metal salt, zinc dithiophosphate, and other additives for a speed-change gear that maintain the extreme-pressure performance, etc., added to the base oil.
- the base oil as a structural component of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear may be a conventional base oil for a lubricant or another usable type, and there is no special limitation on the type. More specifically, examples include mineral oil base oils, GTL (gas to liquid)-based base oil, synthetic oil-based base oil, as well as mixed base oils.
- mineral oil base oils examples include solvent refined mineral oils or hydrogenation treated oils and other mineral oils prepared by treatment of a lubricant distillation fraction obtained by reduced pressure distillation of residual oil from an ambient pressure distillation device for paraffin-based, intermediate-based, or naphthene-based feed oil by means of solvent refinement, hydrogenation decomposition, hydrogenating treatment, hydrogenating refinement, solvent dewaxing, contact dewaxing, white clay treatment or another refinement method, mineral oil prepared by treatment in said refinement process of de-bitumen oil prepared by solvent de-bitumen treatment of reduced pressure distillation residual oil, mineral oil obtained by isomerizing a wax component, as well as mixed oils thereof.
- solvents for solvent dewaxing include liquefied propane, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone)/toluene, and the like.
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- contact dewaxing for example, a shape-selecting zeolite or the like may be used as the dewaxing solvent.
- Examples of refined base oil substrates prepared in the above include different types of light neutral oils, middle neutral oils, heavy neutral oils, bright stock, etc., having different viscosity levels. One may blend said substrates appropriately to prepare the mineral oil-type base oil.
- GTL-type base oils examples include the lubricant fraction separated from liquid product obtained from natural gas or another raw material using a GTL process, the lubricant fraction obtained by means of hydrogenation decomposition of generated wax, etc.
- a synthetic oil base oil one may select from the following group of compounds to obtain an appropriate viscosity property for the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear: a poly( ⁇ -olefin) (such as poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene), and their mixtures); polybutene; an ethylene-alkylene copolymer; an alkyl benzene (such as dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene, dinonylbenzene, etc.); a polyphenyl (such as biphenyl, alkylated polyphenyl, etc.); an alkylated diphenylether, an alkylated diphenyl sulfide, and their derivatives; esters formed from dibasic acids (such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, al
- the base oil of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear in the present invention is prepared by selecting one of said various types of base oil substrates, either alone or as a mixture of several, such that the 40°C kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition is 40 mm 2 /s or lower, or preferably 30 mm 2 /s or lower.
- the base oil has the desired viscosity and other properties required for a lubricant. Consequently, the viscosity of the base oil should be appropriate to provide a lubricant composition of the present invention.
- the viscosity depends on the composition of the additives, etc., and can be selected preferably from those having a 40°C kinematic viscosity in the range of 25-40 mm 2 /s.
- the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is an alkaline earth metal salt of a petroleum sulfonic acid, long-chain alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and alkyl napththalene sulfonic acid. It is a component of the composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention.
- a typical example is represented by formula (1):
- M represents an alkaline earth metal, such as magnesium.
- R 1 and R 2 are C1-30 hydrocarbon groups, which may be identical or different from each other. At least one of the hydrocarbon groups should be a C6 or higher alkyl group. Examples of preferable hydrocarbon groups include C1-18 straight chain or branched alkyl groups; C2-18 straight chain or branched alkenyl groups; C6-30 cycloalkyl groups; C6-18 aryl groups, etc. The aryl groups are optionally substituted with C1-12 alkyl groups or C2-12 alkenyl groups. Especially preferable hydrocarbon groups include C6-18 straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.
- perbasic salts are preferred. However, it is also possible to use a normal salt or basic salt.
- a perbasic salt has excess hydroxide or carbonate dispersed in colloidal form in the sulfonate. It is preferred that the total base value be 200 mgKOH/g or higher.
- the quantity of alkaline earth metal sulfonate should be appropriate so that the magnesium quantity in the oil with respect to the total weight of the composition is 0.1 wt% or more, or preferably in the range of 0.15-0.6 wt%, or more preferably in the range of 0.15-0.3 wt%.
- R 1 and R 2 represent C1-20 hydrocarbon groups, which may be identical or different from each other.
- hydrocarbon groups include C1-20 alkyl groups; C2-20 alkenyl groups; C6-20 cyclohexyl groups, aryl groups, alkyl aryl groups, aryl alkyl groups, etc.
- Specific examples include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, stearyl group, oleyl group, butylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, etc., as well as branched alkyl groups thereof, etc.
- Preferable hydrocarbon groups are C3-18 alkyl groups.
- alkyl groups include primary and secondary alkyl groups. More specifically, it is preferred that compounds having the following groups be used: isopropyl group, isobutyl group, secondary butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, as well as dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, and other alkyl groups.
- zinc dithiophosphate examples include zinc diisopropyl dithiophosphate, zinc diisobutyl dithiophosphate, zinc di-secondary butyl thiophosphate, zinc di(n-pentyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-hexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(4-methyl-2-pentyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-octyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-decyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-dodecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-tridecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-tetradecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-hexadecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-octadecyl
- zinc dithiophosphate containing primary and secondary alkyl groups is preferred.
- a zinc dithiophosphate having primary alkyl groups as the main component and a zinc dithiophosphate having secondary alkyl groups as the main component appropriately to adjust the proportions of the primary and secondary alkyl groups.
- the quantity of said zinc dithiophosphate in the lubricant composition should be appropriate corresponding to an elemental zinc quantity in the oil in the range of 0.05-0.5 wt%, or preferably in the range of 0.1-0.2 wt%.
- the quantity of said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt should be appropriate corresponding to an alkaline earth metal element quantity in the oil of 0.1 wt% or more; and the quantity of said zinc dithiophosphate should be appropriate corresponding to an elemental zinc quantity in the oil in the range of 0.05-0.5 wt%.
- the ratio of the quantity of element zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is from 0.2 1 and where, the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil is derived from said zinc dithiophosphate, and the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is derived from said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt.
- the preferred ratio of the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is from 0.3 to 0.8.
- the wear resistance decreases. On the other hand, if said ratio is less than 0.2, the wear resistance is worsened, and this is undesired.
- An extreme-pressure agent is added in the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention to maintain the extreme-pressure performance.
- other additives appropriately, such as an ash-free dispersing agent, friction-adjusting agent, dissolving agent, rubber-expansion agent, fluid point lowering agent, and oxidation inhibitor.
- other additives may be added as needed.
- extreme pressure agents examples include an olefin polysulfide, sulfurized oils and fats, dialkyl polysulfide, and other sulfur-based compounds; alkyl and allyl phosphate, alkyl and allyl phosphite, amine phosphate, and other phosphorus-based compounds; paraffin chloride, and other chlorine-based compounds. They may be used either alone or as a mixture of several. Also, a combination of a sulfur based composition and a phosphorus based composition may be used. For example, a combination of an olefin sulfide and an alkyl phosphate may be used. The quantity is usually in the range of 0.05-3 wt%.
- ash-free dispersing agents examples include polybutenyl succinic acid imide-based compounds, polybutenyl succinic acid amide-based compounds, benzyl amine-based compounds, succinic ester-based compounds, succinic ester-acid-based compounds, etc., usually added in a quantity in the range of 0.05-7 wt%.
- friction-adjusting agents examples include organic molybdenum-based compounds, fatty acids, higher alcohols, fatty acid esters, oils and fats, amines, polyamide, sulfide ester, phosphates, acidic phosphates, phosphites, phosphate amine salts, etc. They are usually added in a quantity of 0.05-5 wt%.
- defoaming agents examples include a dimethyl polysiloxane, polyacrylate, etc. They may be added appropriately in a small quantity.
- fluid point decreasing agents examples include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polymethacrylate, polyalkyl styrene, etc. Usually, the quantity is in the range of 0.1-10 wt%.
- oxidation inhibitors examples include an alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, alkylated- ⁇ -naphthylamine, and other amine-based oxidation inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-ditertiary butylphenol), and other phenolic oxidation inhibitors, as well as zinc dithiophosphate, etc.
- the quantity is usually in the range of 0.05-5 wt%.
- Zinc dithiophosphate Mixture having primary/secondary alkyl groups.
- Magnesium sulfonate Perbasic salt with total base value of 400 mgKOH/g.
- Extreme-pressure agent Sulfur-phosphorus-based package containing sulfur-based and phosphorus-based extreme-pressure agents, as well as an ash-free dispersing agent, friction-adjusting agent, defoaming agent, etc.
- magnesium sulfonate was added at a quantity corresponding to a content of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.15 wt%
- zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a content of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.1 wt%, with the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil adjusted to 0.67.
- sulfur-phosphorus based (S-P) package was added in a quantity of 7.1 wt%, forming oil sample A with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm 2 /s.
- the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.74 mm.
- Oil sample B with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm 2 /s was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the magnesium sulfonate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.3 wt%, and the zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.2 wt%, with the ratio of elemental Zn to elemental Mg in the oil being 0.67.
- the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.80 mm.
- Oil sample C with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm 2 /s was prepared in the same way as in Application Example 1, except that the magnesium sulfonate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.3 wt%, and the zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.1 wt%, with the ratio of elemental Zn to elemental Mg in the oil being 0.33.
- the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.80 mm.
- oil sample (a) A low-viscosity refined mineral oil was used to prepare oil sample (a) with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm 2 /s.
- the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Ca in the oil was the same as that of the commercially available oil used in Comparative Example 1-1, that is, 5.00.
- the friction width of oil sample (a) measured using the wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 1.05 mm.
- magnesium sulfonate and zinc dithiophosphate were added in the quantities listed in Table 1, and, as other additives, an S-P-based package corresponding to GL-4 was added in a quantity of 7.1 wt% to obtain oil samples (b)-(g).
- Example 1 was compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3 with the same quantity of elemental Mg.
- the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil is 0.67, that is, within the aforementioned prescribed range.
- the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil is 1.33, that is, outside the aforementioned range, and the wear resistance is much worse.
- the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention with the aforementioned constitution can be used not only as a lubricant for an automobile driving system consisting of a manual transmission (MT), but also for a manual transmission axle (MTX) in transfer, a differential (Dif.), etc. Consequently, it can be used as a common lubricant for said MT, MTX and differential for FF cars, etc.
- MT manual transmission
- MTX manual transmission axle
- Dif. differential
- the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention contributes to protection of the environment since it is an environmentally friendly lubricant by realizing low viscosity. Also, it can be used as a high-quality lubricant for an automobile driving system, such as a manual transmission, manual transmission axle, etc. Consequently, it greatly contributes to the petroleum and automobile industries with regard to manufacture and application.
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Description
- The present invention pertains to a lubricant composition for automobile gears, especially for a manual speed-change gear.
- In recent years, as a measure for preventing global warming, various schemes for protecting the environment have been proposed. One said scheme calls for development of an environmentally friendly lubricant. An environmentally friendly lubricant for use in automobiles, is required to have an excellent effect in improving gas mileage to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide exhaust from internal combustion engines. In order to increase the mileage with the lubricant, two methods have been under study, that is, a method for reducing friction in the sliding parts and a method for reducing the viscosity of the lubricant.
- Concerning reducing friction, it has been proposed that, in order to increase the effect of the gear lubricant used in the power transmission system for increasing the mileage, a gear lubricant composition prepared using molybdenum dithiophosphate or another friction-reducing agent is used (see Japanese Kokoku Patent Application No.
Hei 6[1994]-33390 2906024 WO 00/70001 US 6.503.872 discloses manual transmission lubricants comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, at least one metal thiophosphate, at least one phosphite, at least one basic salt of an acidic organic compound and, optionally, at least one neutral or basic alkaline earth metal salt of a phenol or an aromatic carboxylic acid. - However, for the manual speed-change gear of an automobile, friction between metal parts is exploited to form a synchronization device incorporated within it. In order to realize smooth operation of the synchronization device, lowering of the friction coefficient is undesirable because if only the viscosity is reduced, the oil film becomes thinner, and wear is facilitated. Aluminum parts adopted for reducing the weight of the driving system device are especially more prone to wear than are steel parts, and they are more easily affected by a reduced viscosity. In practice, almost all commercially available lubricants for manual speed-change gear of automobiles have a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (hereinafter referred to as "40°C kinematic viscosity") higher than 40 mm2/s, and a lower-viscosity manual speed-change gear lubricant has not been used in practical application.
- On such background, there is a high demand for development of a lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear that exploits technology for increasing mileage by lowering the viscosity of the lubricant.
- The objective of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems relating to the prior art for improving mileage by providing a type of lubricant composition for automobile gears, especially a lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear, characterized by the fact that the mileage can be improved by lowering the viscosity of the lubricant and, at the same time, the durability of wear resistance can be maintained.
- In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the present inventors have performed extensive research. As a result of this research, it was found that when an specific alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate are mixed at a prescribed ratio, it is possible to obtain a lubricant composition that has a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 40 mm2/s or lower, and, at the same time, that has excellent wear resistance for steel parts and, especially, for aluminum parts, equal to or better than the wear resistance of a conventional commercially available lubricant with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 76 mm2/s. The present invention was achieved based on this finding.
- That is, the present invention provides the use of a at least one alkaline earth metal salt and a zinc dithiophosphate in a lubricant composition to increase the wear resistance of manual speed-change gears, characterised in that the alkaline earth metal salt is magnesium sulfonate, the amount of magnesium element based on the total weight of lubricant composition is of 0.1 wt% or more, the elemental ratio of zinc to alkaline earth metal from the additive is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 and the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the lubricant composition is 40 mm2/s or less.
- As explained above, according to the present invention, by adding magnesium sulfonate as organic acid alkaline earth metal salt, in a prescribed quantity in a base oil with a low viscosity, and by mixing said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate at a prescribed ratio, it is possible to obtain a type of lubricant for a manual speed-change gear that can display significant wear resistance for not only steel parts but also aluminum sliding parts, and that has an excellent effect in increasing mileage.
- As explained above, the present invention provides the use of a lubricant composition for manual speed-change gear, characterized by the fact that the lubricant composition is composed of a low-viscosity base oil as well as an organic acid alkaline earth metal salt and zinc dithiophosphate in a prescribed ratio. The preferable embodiments are the following :
- (1) The aforementioned lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear preferably is characterized by the fact that the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of said lubricant composition is 30 mm2/s or lower.
- (2) The aforementioned lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear preferably is characterized by the fact that the total base value of said alkaline earth metal salt is 200 mgKOH/g or higher.
- (3) The aforementioned lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear preferably is characterized by the following facts:
- it contains a base oil as well as magnesium sulfonate and zinc dithiophosphate added into said base oil;
- the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the lubricant composition is 30 mm2/s or lower;
- the content of said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt relative to the total weight of said lubricant composition corresponds to a content of the alkaline earth metal element in the oil of 0.1 wt% or more;
- and the ratio of the quantity of element zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is form 0.3 to 0.8 and where, the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil is derived from said zinc dithiophosphate, and the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is derived from said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt.
- In the following, explanation will be provided for the structural components of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear in the present invention. The lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear contains a base oil as well as an organic acid alkaline earth metal salt, zinc dithiophosphate, and other additives for a speed-change gear that maintain the extreme-pressure performance, etc., added to the base oil.
- The base oil as a structural component of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear may be a conventional base oil for a lubricant or another usable type, and there is no special limitation on the type. More specifically, examples include mineral oil base oils, GTL (gas to liquid)-based base oil, synthetic oil-based base oil, as well as mixed base oils.
- Examples of mineral oil base oils include solvent refined mineral oils or hydrogenation treated oils and other mineral oils prepared by treatment of a lubricant distillation fraction obtained by reduced pressure distillation of residual oil from an ambient pressure distillation device for paraffin-based, intermediate-based, or naphthene-based feed oil by means of solvent refinement, hydrogenation decomposition, hydrogenating treatment, hydrogenating refinement, solvent dewaxing, contact dewaxing, white clay treatment or another refinement method, mineral oil prepared by treatment in said refinement process of de-bitumen oil prepared by solvent de-bitumen treatment of reduced pressure distillation residual oil, mineral oil obtained by isomerizing a wax component, as well as mixed oils thereof. In said solvent refinement, phenol, furfural, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or another aromatic extracting solvent is used. Also, examples of solvents for solvent dewaxing include liquefied propane, MEK (methyl ethyl ketone)/toluene, and the like. On the other hand, in contact dewaxing, for example, a shape-selecting zeolite or the like may be used as the dewaxing solvent.
- Examples of refined base oil substrates prepared in the above include different types of light neutral oils, middle neutral oils, heavy neutral oils, bright stock, etc., having different viscosity levels. One may blend said substrates appropriately to prepare the mineral oil-type base oil.
- Examples of GTL-type base oils include the lubricant fraction separated from liquid product obtained from natural gas or another raw material using a GTL process, the lubricant fraction obtained by means of hydrogenation decomposition of generated wax, etc. In addition, one may also use the lubricant fraction separated from liquid oil generated in an ATL (asphalt to liquid) process using asphalt or another heavy residual oil component as the raw material.
- On the other hand, as a synthetic oil base oil, one may select from the following group of compounds to obtain an appropriate viscosity property for the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear: a poly(α-olefin) (such as poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene), and their mixtures); polybutene; an ethylene-alkylene copolymer; an alkyl benzene (such as dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzene, dinonylbenzene, etc.); a polyphenyl (such as biphenyl, alkylated polyphenyl, etc.); an alkylated diphenylether, an alkylated diphenyl sulfide, and their derivatives; esters formed from dibasic acids (such as phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebatic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, etc.) and various alcohols (such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.); esters formed from C5-18 monocarboxylic acids and polyols (such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and the like); as well as a polyoxyalkylene glycol, a polyoxyalkylene glycol ester, a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether, a phosphate, etc.
- As explained above, the base oil of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear in the present invention is prepared by selecting one of said various types of base oil substrates, either alone or as a mixture of several, such that the 40°C kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition is 40 mm2/s or lower, or preferably 30 mm2/s or lower. The base oil has the desired viscosity and other properties required for a lubricant. Consequently, the viscosity of the base oil should be appropriate to provide a lubricant composition of the present invention. The viscosity depends on the composition of the additives, etc., and can be selected preferably from those having a 40°C kinematic viscosity in the range of 25-40 mm2/s.
- The alkaline earth metal sulfonate is an alkaline earth metal salt of a petroleum sulfonic acid, long-chain alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and alkyl napththalene sulfonic acid. It is a component of the composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention. A typical example is represented by formula (1):
- In the formula, M represents an alkaline earth metal, such as magnesium. R1 and R2 are C1-30 hydrocarbon groups, which may be identical or different from each other. At least one of the hydrocarbon groups should be a C6 or higher alkyl group. Examples of preferable hydrocarbon groups include C1-18 straight chain or branched alkyl groups; C2-18 straight chain or branched alkenyl groups; C6-30 cycloalkyl groups; C6-18 aryl groups, etc. The aryl groups are optionally substituted with C1-12 alkyl groups or C2-12 alkenyl groups. Especially preferable hydrocarbon groups include C6-18 straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.
- For the sulfonate in the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention, perbasic salts are preferred. However, it is also possible to use a normal salt or basic salt. A perbasic salt has excess hydroxide or carbonate dispersed in colloidal form in the sulfonate. It is preferred that the total base value be 200 mgKOH/g or higher.
- The quantity of alkaline earth metal sulfonate should be appropriate so that the magnesium quantity in the oil with respect to the total weight of the composition is 0.1 wt% or more, or preferably in the range of 0.15-0.6 wt%, or more preferably in the range of 0.15-0.3 wt%.
- In the low-viscosity state, when magnesium sulfonate is used together with zinc dithiophosphate, excellent wear resistance can be displayed in a manual speed-change gear having sliding aluminum parts.
- In the following, explanation will be provided for zinc dithiophosphate as a structural component of the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention.
- An example of zinc dithiophosphate is a compound represented by following formula (4):
- In formula (4), R1 and R2 represent C1-20 hydrocarbon groups, which may be identical or different from each other. Examples of hydrocarbon groups include C1-20 alkyl groups; C2-20 alkenyl groups; C6-20 cyclohexyl groups, aryl groups, alkyl aryl groups, aryl alkyl groups, etc. Specific examples include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, stearyl group, oleyl group, butylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, etc., as well as branched alkyl groups thereof, etc. Preferable hydrocarbon groups are C3-18 alkyl groups. Examples of alkyl groups include primary and secondary alkyl groups. More specifically, it is preferred that compounds having the following groups be used: isopropyl group, isobutyl group, secondary butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, 4-methyl-2-pentyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, as well as dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, and other alkyl groups.
- Typical examples of zinc dithiophosphate include zinc diisopropyl dithiophosphate, zinc diisobutyl dithiophosphate, zinc di-secondary butyl thiophosphate, zinc di(n-pentyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-hexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(4-methyl-2-pentyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-octyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-decyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-dodecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-tridecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-tetradecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-hexadecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di(n-octadecyl) dithiophosphate, etc. According to the present invention, for the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear, zinc dithiophosphate containing primary and secondary alkyl groups is preferred. For example, one may blend a zinc dithiophosphate having primary alkyl groups as the main component and a zinc dithiophosphate having secondary alkyl groups as the main component appropriately to adjust the proportions of the primary and secondary alkyl groups.
- The quantity of said zinc dithiophosphate in the lubricant composition should be appropriate corresponding to an elemental zinc quantity in the oil in the range of 0.05-0.5 wt%, or preferably in the range of 0.1-0.2 wt%.
- For the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention, the quantity of said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt should be appropriate corresponding to an alkaline earth metal element quantity in the oil of 0.1 wt% or more; and the quantity of said zinc dithiophosphate should be appropriate corresponding to an elemental zinc quantity in the oil in the range of 0.05-0.5 wt%. Also, the ratio of the quantity of element zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is from 0.2 1 and where, the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil is derived from said zinc dithiophosphate, and the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is derived from said organic acid alkaline earth metal salt.
- Especially, the preferred ratio of the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is from 0.3 to 0.8.
- For the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention, if the ratio of the quantity of elemental zinc in the oil to the quantity of alkaline earth metal element in the oil is over 1, the wear resistance decreases. On the other hand, if said ratio is less than 0.2, the wear resistance is worsened, and this is undesired.
- In the following, explanation will be provided for other additives in the composition as needed, in addition to the aforementioned necessary additives.
- An extreme-pressure agent is added in the lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention to maintain the extreme-pressure performance. In addition, as needed, one may add other additives appropriately, such as an ash-free dispersing agent, friction-adjusting agent, dissolving agent, rubber-expansion agent, fluid point lowering agent, and oxidation inhibitor. Also, other additives may be added as needed.
- Examples of extreme pressure agents that may be added include an olefin polysulfide, sulfurized oils and fats, dialkyl polysulfide, and other sulfur-based compounds; alkyl and allyl phosphate, alkyl and allyl phosphite, amine phosphate, and other phosphorus-based compounds; paraffin chloride, and other chlorine-based compounds. They may be used either alone or as a mixture of several. Also, a combination of a sulfur based composition and a phosphorus based composition may be used. For example, a combination of an olefin sulfide and an alkyl phosphate may be used. The quantity is usually in the range of 0.05-3 wt%.
- Examples of ash-free dispersing agents that may be used include polybutenyl succinic acid imide-based compounds, polybutenyl succinic acid amide-based compounds, benzyl amine-based compounds, succinic ester-based compounds, succinic ester-acid-based compounds, etc., usually added in a quantity in the range of 0.05-7 wt%.
- Examples of friction-adjusting agents include organic molybdenum-based compounds, fatty acids, higher alcohols, fatty acid esters, oils and fats, amines, polyamide, sulfide ester, phosphates, acidic phosphates, phosphites, phosphate amine salts, etc. They are usually added in a quantity of 0.05-5 wt%.
- Examples of defoaming agents that may be added include a dimethyl polysiloxane, polyacrylate, etc. They may be added appropriately in a small quantity.
- Examples of fluid point decreasing agents that may be added include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene, condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polymethacrylate, polyalkyl styrene, etc. Usually, the quantity is in the range of 0.1-10 wt%.
- Examples of oxidation inhibitors that may be used include an alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, alkylated-α-naphthylamine, and other amine-based oxidation inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol, 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-ditertiary butylphenol), and other phenolic oxidation inhibitors, as well as zinc dithiophosphate, etc. The quantity is usually in the range of 0.05-5 wt%.
- In the following, explanation will be provided more specifically for examples of the present invention and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
- A quantitative evaluation was performed using the following measurement methods. Also, the types of base oils and additives used in the examples are listed below.
- For each oil sample, the friction width formed on a block of the following listed material and under the following conditions was measured using a LFW-1 tester (ASTM D2714).
- Test ring: S-10 (FALEX Test Ring H60)
- Block: Aluminum sliding member
- Test conditions: Load: 5N
- Velocity: 2 m/s
- Temperature: 100°C
- Time: 1 hour
- Refined mineral oil: 40°C kinematic viscosity of 25-26 mm2/s
- Zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP): Mixture having primary/secondary alkyl groups.
- Magnesium sulfonate: Perbasic salt with total base value of 400 mgKOH/g.
- Extreme-pressure agent, etc.: Sulfur-phosphorus-based package containing sulfur-based and phosphorus-based extreme-pressure agents, as well as an ash-free dispersing agent, friction-adjusting agent, defoaming agent, etc.
- With said refined mineral oil as the base oil, magnesium sulfonate was added at a quantity corresponding to a content of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.15 wt%, and zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a content of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.1 wt%, with the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil adjusted to 0.67. In addition, as other additives, the sulfur-phosphorus based (S-P) package was added in a quantity of 7.1 wt%, forming oil sample A with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s.
- For oil sample A, the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.74 mm.
- Oil sample B with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the magnesium sulfonate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.3 wt%, and the zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.2 wt%, with the ratio of elemental Zn to elemental Mg in the oil being 0.67.
- For oil sample B, the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.80 mm.
- Oil sample C with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s was prepared in the same way as in Application Example 1, except that the magnesium sulfonate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Mg in the oil of 0.3 wt%, and the zinc dithiophosphate was added in a quantity corresponding to a quantity of elemental Zn in the oil of 0.1 wt%, with the ratio of elemental Zn to elemental Mg in the oil being 0.33.
- For oil sample C, the friction width measured using the aforementioned wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 0.80 mm.
- A commercially available oil for a manual speed-change gear with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 76 mm2/s (with the ratio of elemental Zn to elemental Ca in the oil being 5.00) was used in said wear-resistance evaluation test, and the results indicated a friction width of 0.83 mm.
- A low-viscosity refined mineral oil was used to prepare oil sample (a) with a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s. The ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Ca in the oil was the same as that of the commercially available oil used in Comparative Example 1-1, that is, 5.00. The friction width of oil sample (a) measured using the wear-resistance evaluation method was found to be 1.05 mm.
- With said refined mineral oil used as the base oil, magnesium sulfonate and zinc dithiophosphate were added in the quantities listed in Table 1, and, as other additives, an S-P-based package corresponding to GL-4 was added in a quantity of 7.1 wt% to obtain oil samples (b)-(g).
- For samples A-C as well as the commercially available oil and oil samples (a)-(g), the properties as well as the wear resistance determined using said wear-resistance evaluation method are listed in Table 1.
- From the results of the friction width listed in Table 1, significant effects can be displayed for the oil samples prepared with a low 40°C kinematic viscosity of 30 mm2/s, corresponding to an excellent effect in increasing the mileage, with the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil at a prescribed value, and with the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil in the prescribed range of 0.2-1. Example 1 was compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3 with the same quantity of elemental Mg. In Example 1, the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil is 0.67, that is, within the aforementioned prescribed range. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the ratio of the quantity of elemental Zn in the oil to the quantity of elemental Mg in the oil is 1.33, that is, outside the aforementioned range, and the wear resistance is much worse.
- The lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention with the aforementioned constitution can be used not only as a lubricant for an automobile driving system consisting of a manual transmission (MT), but also for a manual transmission axle (MTX) in transfer, a differential (Dif.), etc. Consequently, it can be used as a common lubricant for said MT, MTX and differential for FF cars, etc.
TABLE 1 Invention Example Comparative Example 1 2 3 1-1 1-2(2) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 Oil Sample A B C (1) a b c d e f g Quantity of elemental Mg in the oil (derived from Mg sulfonate) wt% 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.016(3) 0.016(3) 0.15 0 0.15 0 0.30 0 Quantity of elemental Zn in the oil (derived from ZnDTP) wt% 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.08 0 0.10 0.20 0 0 0.20 Quantity of elemental Zn in the oil/quantity of elemental Mg in the oil 0.67 0.67 0.33 5.00 5.00 - - 1.33 - - - kinematic viscosity 30 30 30 76 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Friction width 0.74 0.81 0.80 0.83 1.05 1.00 1.00 0.85 1.03 0.85 0.88 Notes: (1) Commercially available oil for a manual speed-change gear
(2) Oil sample prepared using a low-viscosity base oil
(3) Quantity of elemental Ca (derived from Ca sulfonate) - The lubricant composition for a manual speed-change gear of the present invention contributes to protection of the environment since it is an environmentally friendly lubricant by realizing low viscosity. Also, it can be used as a high-quality lubricant for an automobile driving system, such as a manual transmission, manual transmission axle, etc. Consequently, it greatly contributes to the petroleum and automobile industries with regard to manufacture and application.
Claims (4)
- Use of a at least one alkaline earth metal salt and a zinc dithiophosphate in a lubricant composition to increase the wear resistance of manual speed-change gears, characterised in that the alkaline earth metal salt is magnesium sulfonate, the amount of magnesium element based on the total weight of lubricant composition is of 0.1 wt% or more, the elemental ratio of zinc to alkaline earth metal from the additive is in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 and the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the lubricant composition is 40 mm2/s or less.
- The use of claim 1, wherein the amount of alkaline earth metal is from about 0.15 wt% to about 0.6 wt%.
- The use of claim 1 or 2, wherein the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 30 mm2/s or less.
- The use of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of zinc to alkaline earth metal is 0.3 to 0.8.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004163106A JP4768234B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2004-06-01 | Automotive driveline lubricant composition |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1612258A2 EP1612258A2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| EP1612258A3 EP1612258A3 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| EP1612258B1 true EP1612258B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
Family
ID=35169913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05011429.7A Active EP1612258B1 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-05-27 | Use of additives in a lubricant composition for automotive driving system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050267002A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1612258B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4768234B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008043231A1 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-04-29 | Volkswagen Ag | Synthetic lubricant composition and its use |
| DE102010028168A1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | Volkswagen Ag | Synthetic lubricant composition and its use in active differentials |
| USD788374S1 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-05-30 | West Chester Holdings, Inc. | Glove |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3385791A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1968-05-28 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant oil composition |
| JPS62192495A (en) * | 1986-02-19 | 1987-08-24 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Manual transmission oil composition |
| JP4132280B2 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2008-08-13 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
| US6451745B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2002-09-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | High boron formulations for fluids continuously variable transmissions |
| US6503872B1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2003-01-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Extended drain manual transmission lubricants and concentrates |
| JP4931299B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2012-05-16 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
| JP4185307B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2008-11-26 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines |
| EP1752517B1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2013-07-17 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition for manual transmission |
-
2004
- 2004-06-01 JP JP2004163106A patent/JP4768234B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-06 US US11/123,986 patent/US20050267002A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-27 EP EP05011429.7A patent/EP1612258B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4768234B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| EP1612258A2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| US20050267002A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| EP1612258A3 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| JP2005343954A (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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