DE102008043231A1 - Synthetic lubricant composition and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a synthetic lubricant composition and its use preferably for lubricating an active differential with an acceleration stage and a dual clutch, which preferably comprises friction plates made of sintered materials. The lubricant composition according to the invention comprises at least 50% of a synthetic base oil and - 0.03 to 5 wt .-% zinc dithiophosphate and - 0.04 to 4 wt .-% of magnesium sulfonate, wherein the composition has a zinc content of 1000 to 2000 mg / kg, a Phosphorus content of 3000 to 4000 mg / kg, a magnesium content of 2000 to 35000 mg / kg and a sulfur content of 2000 to 4000 mg / kg.

Description

The The invention relates to a synthetic lubricant composition and their use preferably for the lubrication of an active Differential with one acceleration stage and one double clutch, which preferably comprises friction plates made of sintered materials.

State of the art

Out Automotive technology is known, Reibschaltelemente to realize to use operations or functions that have a Operation of the Reibschaltelemente in permanent slip at least for require a certain amount of time. This is for example with converter clutches and starting switching elements of the case. There is a risk of this Damage in continuous slip operation due to the strong increasing coating temperature of the involved Reibschaltelemente.

active Differentials for individual distribution of the drive torque The individual wheels are becoming increasingly important. By different distribution of the drive torque to the wheels is an improvement of traction, agility and driving stability possible.

Out DE 10 2006 008 236 A1 is z. Example, a transmission device for the variable distribution of torque on two output shafts known. An appropriate gearbox was in the local 3 described. The mechanical system consists essentially of a spur gear differential, an acceleration stage and a hydraulically operated double clutch. A spur gear differential is located in the driving gearbox and replaces the standard bevel gear differential. It is lubricated by the lubricant of the transmission. The other two main components are located in a separate housing with its own oil budget. The acceleration stage consists of two gear stages, which are each designed as internal external toothing. The ring gear with the two internal gears is mounted eccentrically. The coaxial input gear is connected to the differential carrier. The also coaxial output gear rotates about 10% faster relative to the mean wheel speed. This slightly higher speed is directed to the common clutch basket of the two multi-plate clutches. By operating one clutch at a time, torque can be transferred from the clutch basket to the right or left driven wheel. The clutches are controlled by the vehicle dynamics control.

• – Geringe Reibung in den Wälzlagern. Es müssen die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen von Rillenkugel-, Nadel-, Zylinderrollen- und Kegelrollenlager erfüllt werden.
• – Dichtungsverträglichkeit an statischen und dynamischen Dichtungen
• – Verschleißschutz in den beiden Laufverzahnungen (Außen-Innenverzahnungen)
• – Verträglichkeit mit Hydraulikkomponenten (Pumpe, Speicher und Ventile) insbesondere im Tief- und Hochtemperaturbereich), da die Hydraulikeinheit in das Getriebe integriert ist und ein gemeinsamer Ölhaushalt vorhanden ist.

These gearboxes place high demands on the lubricant. It must meet the following minimum requirements:

• - Low friction in the rolling bearings. It must meet the different requirements of grooved ball, needle, cylindrical roller and tapered roller bearings.
• - Seal compatibility on static and dynamic seals
• - wear protection in the two raceways (external internal gears)
• - Compatibility with hydraulic components (pump, accumulator and valves) especially in the low and high temperature range), as the hydraulic unit is integrated in the gearbox and a common oil balance is present.

In addition to the above tasks must in the new gearboxes such. B. off DE 10 2006 008 236 A1 known, other requirements are met, which were previously not required. In particular, the requirements of the special mode of action of the multi-plate clutch are crucial here.

In previously common applications are multi-plate clutches in the type used that the clutch is operated to to produce a speed equality between two waves z. B. as a starting clutch or in automatic transmissions for switching individual translations. During the switching process arises in the coupling a Power loss, which becomes smaller with decreasing differential speed. In the closed state, moment is still transferred, but by the fact that the differential speed is zero, arises no power loss.

In active differentials, the clutch is actuated in contrast Condition constantly in the slip operated. A speed equality, So closing the clutch, must not occur because then no statements about the actually transmitted Moment more are possible. This has the consequence; that at actuation the clutch constantly dissipates power in the frictional contact and thus introduced into the fins and in the lubricant. This places the highest demands on the friction linings and to the thermal stability of the lubricant.

The The system must be designed in such a way that in the case of the usual customer-relevant one Load does not exceed the thermal limits of the individual components become. In addition to the thermal stability of the lubricant is a high heat capacity and good thermal conductivity the friction plates of great importance. Therefore, in the executed active differential preferably sintered pads used, which in contrast to Carbonbeläge a higher Heat capacity and better thermal conductivity exhibit.

The Use of sintered surfaces is possible because of the application relatively small relative velocities between the Friction linings are present. At higher sliding speed However, with sintered linings, the coefficient of friction drops to control problems in the form of oscillations of the friction torque can lead. That therefore makes special demands to a lubricating fluid.

Description of the invention

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a lubricant composition to find, in particular, the lubrication requirements for active differentials and coupling materials, such as. B. sintered / steel blades, who work in permanent slippage, can suffice.

• – Maximale Pressung im Kontakt Sinter-/Stahllamelle: 4–6 N/mm²
• – Reibwert im Kontakt: 0,09 bis 0,11 bei Gleitgeschwindigkeiten von > 0,05 m/s und einer Pressung von 4 N/mm² bis 6 N/mm²
• – Geringe Schleppverluste in den Lamellenkupplungen bis ca. 1 m/s Relativgeschwindigkeit
• – Steigender Reibwertverlauf bis ca. 0,6 m/s mittlerer Relativgeschwindigkeit
• – Max. Verlustleistungen in der Kupplung bis 15 kW
• – Max. Flächenleistung im Reibkontakt bis 0,3 W/mm²
• – Hohe Wärmekapazität zur Abfuhr der Verlustenergie aus den Kupplungen
• – Hohe thermische Belastung bei Temperaturen bis 220°C im Reibkontakt
• – Gute Schmierfähigkeit von Hypoidverzahnungen.

The following requirements are preferably made of such a lubricant composition:

• - Maximum pressure in contact sintered / steel lamella: 4-6 N / mm ²
• - coefficient of friction in contact: 0.09 to 0.11 at sliding speeds of> 0.05 m / s and a pressure of 4 N / mm ² to 6 N / mm ²
• - Low drag losses in the multi-plate clutches up to approx. 1 m / s relative speed
• - Increasing coefficient of friction up to approx. 0.6 m / s average relative speed
• - Max. Power losses in the coupling up to 15 kW
• - Max. Area performance in frictional contact up to 0.3 W / mm ²
• - High heat capacity to dissipate the loss energy from the clutches
• - High thermal load at temperatures up to 220 ° C in frictional contact
• - Good lubricity of hypoid gears.

• – 0,03 bis 5 Gew.-% Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat und
• – 0,04 bis 4 Gew.-% Magnesiumsulfonat.

The object could be achieved by a synthetic lubricant composition comprising at least 50% by weight of a synthetic base oil, preferably at least 80% by weight, with or without additive composition, and further comprising the following components:

• - 0.03 to 5 wt .-% Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat and
• 0.04 to 4% by weight of magnesium sulphonate.

there has the composition of the invention a Zinc content of 1000 to 2000 mg / kg, preferably 1200-1800 mg / kg, a phosphorus content of 3000 to 4000 mg / kg, preferably from 3200-3800 mg / kg, a magnesium content of 2000 to 3500 mg / kg, preferably from 2500-3000 mg / kg, and a Sulfur content of 2000 to 4000 mg / kg, preferably 2200-2800 mg / kg.

Next a base oil is the invention Lubricant composition characterized in that it preferably has at least one additive which is selected from antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, flow improvers High-pressure anti-wear agents (EP), friction modifiers (Friction modifier), corrosion, rust and foam inhibitors and / or Viscosity index improvers.

• – unter Dauerschlupfbedingungen
• – wobei die Kupplung eine Doppelkupplung ist
• – wobei eine Lamelle Sintermaterial und eine Lamelle Stahl umfasst
• – wobei das Sintermaterial ein Streusinterwerkstoff ist
• – wobei die Kupplung bevorzugt eine Doppelkupplung ist (d. h. die Kupplung kann 2 unterschiedliche Abtriebsstränge bedienen)
• – bei niedrigen Gleitgeschwindigkeiten und
• – bei schwellenden Belastungszuständen.

The lubricant composition of the invention is preferably used in oil-lubricated couplings:

• - under continuous slip conditions
• - The clutch is a double clutch
• - Wherein a lamella sintered material and a lamella steel
• - The sintered material is a grit sintered material
• - wherein the clutch is preferably a double clutch (ie the clutch can operate 2 different output strands)
• - at low sliding speeds and
• - with swelling load conditions.

The Inventive lubricant composition therefore preferred in a process for lubricating an active Differential with one acceleration stage and one double clutch, The friction fins made of sintered materials, used by it is added to the active differential.

base oils

To The base oils include in particular mineral oils, synthetic oils and natural oils.

mineral oils are generally made from petroleum or crude oil Distillation and / or refining and, if appropriate, further purification and refining processes won. Generally different Paraffin-based, naphthenic and aromatic components in crude oils respectively.

mineral oils, where the terms paraffin-based fraction for longer-chain or strongly branched isoalkanes and naphthenic fraction for Cycloalkanes are available. In addition, mineral oils, different proportions of n-alkanes, depending on their origin and processing, Iso-alkanes with a low degree of branching, so-called monomethyl branched Paraffins, and compounds with heteroatoms, in particular O, N and / or S on which conditionally polar properties are awarded. Natural oils are animal or vegetable oils, such as Claw oils or jojoba oils.

in the For the purposes of the invention, synthetic base oils are used. They include, among others, organic esters, for example diesters and polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, in particular base oils of group III and polyolefins, of Polyalphaolefins (PAO) are preferred, silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers. The base oils can also are used as mixtures and are often commercially available.

• ¹Die Gruppen I bis III sind mineralische Ölgrundmaterialien.

In principle, the base oil that can be used to provide the compositions of the present invention as described herein can be any of the base oils in Groups I to V specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. as well as from gas-to-liquid base oils are selected. The base oil groups Group I to V are as follows: Base oil group ¹ Sulfur (wt%) Saturated (wt%) viscosity Index Group I > 0.03 and or <90 80 to 120 Group II ≤ 0.03 and ≥ 90 80 to 120 Group III ≤ 0.03 and ≥ 90 ≥ 120 Group IV all polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V all others not included in Groups I to IV

• ¹ Groups I to III are mineral oil base materials.

The Amount of base oil in the compositions may range from about 50 to 99.93 weight percent of the lubricant composition lie.

to Change in the flow properties are the base oils optionally so-called flow improvers (viscosity index (VI) improvers and pour point depressants), e.g. B. higher molecular weight thickener added. These are a series of long-chain polymers that are in mineral oil solved to improve the viscosity-temperature behavior; d. H. they reduce the temperature dependence of the viscosity; at low temperatures they improve the flow behavior, and At high temperatures they cause a higher viscosity as without VI improver. VI improvers are important ingredients in lubricating oils.

According to the invention prefers hydro-cracking oils and synthetic oils the basis of polyalphaolefins (PAO) used. Hydro-cracking oils are usually made from crude paraffin from the dewaxing of the raffinates or recovered from vacuum gas oil. They also become HC synthesis oils called. Starting product for the synthetic hydrocarbons, such as As the PAO, are gasoline-like hydrocarbons. According to the present invention is preferably a base oil from a hydrocracking oil by group III and based on PAO Group IV.

The lubricating fluids typically contain various substances for the targeted improvement of certain properties. These additives (additives) serve, for example, to improve the load carrying capacity and wear protection (high-pressure and anti-wear additives), the Schaumver (Friction Modifier) and the oxidation and corrosion stability (oxidation inhibitors, metal passivators, rust inhibitors). Furthermore, dispersants and detergents are used as additives. An overview of the additives used in lubricating fluids, for example, in Montier, RM and Orszulik, ST: Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants (Springerverlag GmbH, 1997) given.

preferred Flow improvers in the sense of the present invention are hydrogenated Polystyrene-co-isoprene (HSI), ethylene-propylene copolymers (OCP), Polyisobutylene (PIB), polyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates or their copolymers (PAMA), vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, Polyethers, alkylated naphthalene derivatives or mixtures thereof, Particular preference is given to using PAMA.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity of 3.0 to 18.0 mm ² / s (centistokes) at 100 ° C., preferably 4.0 to 10.0 mm ² / s.

gear oils are described with SAE classes (SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers), which temperatures for the viscosity measurements, Set viscosity limits and class assignments. When hot, for the engine and transmission oils the viscosity is uniform for all SAE classes determined at 100 ° C.

• – 0,05 bis 1 Gew.-% Zinkdithiophosphat und
• – 0,1 bis 0,4 Gew.-% Magnesiumsulfonat enthält.

More preferably, a lubricant composition is provided which

• - 0.05 to 1 wt .-% zinc dithiophosphate and
• Contains 0.1 to 0.4 wt .-% magnesium sulfonate.

In an alternative embodiment, a synthetic lubricant composition is composed to further contain, on the basis of a synthetic base oil selected from Group III hydrocracking oil or based on Group IV PAO and in addition to zinc dithiophosphate and magnesium sulphonate:
Flow improvers (0 to 3%) and / or
Dispersant (0 to 5%).

About that In addition, the lubricant composition may optionally be 0.03-3.0 Wt .-% calcium sulfonates, preferably 0.1-0.3 Wt .-%.

Especially preferred compositions are base oil, zinc dithiophosphate and magnesium sulphonate, optionally in combination with at least one Flow improver and / or dispersant (s).

Surprised It was found that the combination of this synthetic lubricant composition excellent properties as transmission oil for lubrication in a Getriebetribosystem, preferably for lubrication of a active differential with an acceleration stage and a double clutch, which preferably comprises friction plates made of sintered materials.

There, as already stated, in active differentials the clutch is operated constantly in the actuated state in the slip, allowed a speed equality, ie a closing of the clutch, do not occur. The active differential system is designed to that at usual so customer relevant load, the thermal Limits of the individual components are not exceeded. In addition to the thermal stability of the lubricant is a high heat capacity and good thermal conductivity guaranteed by friction plates with sintered linings.

The advantageous interaction of the base oil and the used Additives particularly preferably allow use for lubrication of multi-disc clutches of sintered material, preferably for friction plates from grit sintered materials such. B. Hoerbiger HS 45.

The advantageous properties of the invention Lubricant put the addition of a balanced and on the base oil preconditioned additive composition. Contains according to the invention this additive component in addition to Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat and magnesium sulfonate and optionally calcium sulfonate compounds from the following groups:

Anti-wear additives

Examples for wear protection additives are: sulfur and / or Phosphorus and / or halogen-containing compounds, such as. B. sulphurized Olefins and vegetable gels.

metal salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acids such as. B. zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.

Farther Phosphorus compounds such. B. trialkyl phosphates and tricresyl phosphates (TCP) used.

Further Examples are chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and trisulfides, Amine salts of mono- and dialkyl phosphates, amine salts of methylphosphonic acid, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyltolyltriazole, Derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 3 - [(bis-isopropyloxy-phosphinothioyl) thio] -propionic acid ethyl ester, Triphenyl thiophosphate (triphenyl phosphorothioate), tris (alkylphenyl) phosphorothioate and mixtures thereof (eg tris (isononylphenyl) phosphorothioate), Diphenyl-monononylphenyl-phosphorothioate, isobutylphenyl-diphenylphosphorothioate, Dodecylamine salt of 3-hydroxy-1,3-thiaphosphetane-3-oxide, trithiophosphoric acid-5,5,5-tris [isoac-tylacetati, Derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole such. B. 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl-2-mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole, Ethoxycarbonyl-5-octyl-dithiocarbamate are also used as anti-wear additives can be used in the context of the invention.

Antioxidants (antioxidants)

When Antioxidants according to the invention are preferably phenolic Antioxidants for use.

Examples of phenolic antioxidants:

• 1. Alkylated monophenols, e.g. B. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-i-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cy-clopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (α-methylcyclohexyl) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-DI-octadecylW4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol [2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-undec-1'-yl) -phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-heptadec-1'-yl) -phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- (1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl) -phenol and mixtures thereof.
• 2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, eg. B. 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2.6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
• 3. hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, e.g. B. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxypheno [ 2,6-di-tert-butylhydrochloride, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyaniso], 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-stearate, adipate bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl).
• 4. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, eg. B. 2,2'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis- (4-outyl-phenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol)), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis- (3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis (2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxybhezyl) disulfide.
• 5. Alkylidene bisphenols, e.g. B. 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylpheno [), 2,2'-methylenebis [4-methyl-6- (α-methylcyclohexyl) -phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methyl [enbis- (6-nony [-4-methylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-16- (α-methylbenzyl) -4-nony [phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis [6- (a, adimethylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -butane, 2,6-bis (3-tent.butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl-zyl) -4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl) -butane, 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl phenyl) -3-n-dodecyhnercaptobutan, Ethyl n-glyco-bis [3,3-bis (3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl) -butyrate], Bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl) -dicyclopentadien. Bis [2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hy-droxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis- (3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -butane, 2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphnzyl) propane, 2,2-bis- (5-ted.-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl) -4-rldodecylmercapto-Betan, 1,1,5,5-tetra (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenol) pentane.
• 6. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, eg. B. 3,5,3 ', 5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, Octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) amine, bis (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy -2,6-dimethy [benzyl) dithioterephthalate, Bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -sulFide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetate.
• 7. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, e.g. Dioctadecyl-2,2-bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) - ma onat, Di-octadecyl 2- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) - malonate, di- [4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] -2,2-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate.
• 8. Hydroxybenzy [aromatics, z. B. 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis (3,5-di-tert. butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydro xybenzyl-) -phenol.
• 9. triazine compounds, for. B. 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis (3, 5-di-tert-butyl [4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy) -1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris- (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2 , 6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) -hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4 hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate.
• 10. Benzylphosphonates, e.g. Dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, Dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, Ca salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester.
• 11. Acylaminophenols, z. 4-hydroxy-lauric acid anilide, 4-hydroxystearic acid anilide, N- (3,5-di-tert-buryl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -carbamic acid octyl ester.
• 12. Esters of (3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as. With methanol, methanol, Octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, Neopentyl glycol, thiolethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, Pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl [1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.
• 13. Esters of 8- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) -propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such. B. with methanol Ethanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxy) ethyl isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, tri-methylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
• 14. Esters of β- (3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as. With methanol, ethanol, Octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, Thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, Tris (hydroxy) ethyl isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, tri-methylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2,6,7-triaxabicyclo [2.2,2] octane.
• 15. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as. With methanol, ethanol, Octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, Neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, Pentaerythritol, tris (hydroxy) ethyl isocyanurate, N, N'-bis (hydroxyethyl) oxalic acid diamide. 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexenediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-l-phospha-2,6,7-triox.abicyclo- [2.2.2] octane.
• 16. Amides of (3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propionic acid, such as N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylprapionyl) hexamethylenediamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) -trime-thylendiamin, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) -hydrazine.

Examples of aminic antioxidants are, for. B .:
N, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1,4-dimethyl-pen-tyl) -p-phenylenediamine , N, N'-bis (1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1-methyl-heptyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-dicyclohexyl p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-di- (naphthyl-2) -p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1, 3-dimethyl-butyl) -N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1-methyl-heptyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4- ( p-toluene-sulfonamido) -diphenylamine, N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine , N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, e.g. For example, p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylamino-phenol, 4-nano-nylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoyl-amino-phenol, 4-octadecanoyl-amino-phenol, di (4- methoxyphenyl) amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methylphenol, 2,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 1,2-di - [(2-methyl-phenyl) -amino] -ethane, 1,2-di (phenylamino) -propane, (o-tolyl) -biguanide, di - [4- (1 ', 3'-dimethyl-butyl) -phenyl] amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-inaphthyl-amine, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-Octyldiphenylaminen, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyl-diphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, N-allylphenothiazine, N, N, N ' , N'-Tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, N, N-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperi din-4-yl-hexamethylenediamine, bis (2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one, 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ol.

Examples of other antioxidants are:
Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodiacetic acid thiodipropionic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamic or dithiophosphoric acid, 2,2,12,12-tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithia-tridecane and 2,2,15 , 15-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecan.

Metal deactivators

• a) Benztriazole und deren Derivate, z. B. 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenztriazol, Alkylbenztriazole (z. B. Tolutriazol) und deren Derivate, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, 5,5'-Methylenbisbenztriazol; Mannich-Basen von Benztriazol oder Tolutriazol wie z. B. 1-[Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl)-tolutriazol und 1-[Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl)-benztriazol; Alkoxyalkyibentriazole wie 1-(Nonyloxyrnethyl)-benztriazol, 1-(1-Butoxyethyl)-bentriazol und 1-(1-Cyclohexyloxybutyi)-tolutriazol,
• b) 1,2,4-Triazole und deren Derivate, z. B. 3-Alkyl(oder Aryl)-1,2,4-Triazole, Mannich-Basen von 1,2,4-Triazole wie 1-[Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl-1,2,4-triazol; Alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazole wie 1-(1-Butoxyethyl-1,2,4-triazol; acylierte 3-Annino-1,2,4-triazole.
• c) Imidazolclerivate, z. B. 4,4'-Methylenbis(2-undecyl-5-methylimida cl, Bls[(t1-rnethyl)-imidazol-2-]carbinoloctyrlether.
• d) Schwefelhaltige heterocyclische Verbindungen, z. B. 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoi, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiaiol und deren Derivate; 3,5-Bis[di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomtethyl]-1,3, thiadiazolin-2-on.
• e) Aminoverbindungen, z. B. Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und deren Salze

Examples of metal deactivators are:

• a) Benzotriazoles and their derivatives, for. 2-mercaptobenzotriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, alkylbenzotriazoles (e.g., tolutriazole) and their derivatives, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole; Mannich bases of benzotriazole or tolutriazole such. B. 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl) tolutriazole and 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl) benzotriazole; Alkoxyalkylenebentriazoles such as 1- (nonyloxymethyl) benzotriazole, 1- (1-butoxyethyl) benzotriazole and 1- (1-cyclohexyloxybutylyl) tolutriazole,
• b) 1,2,4-triazoles and their derivatives, for. 3-alkyl (or aryl) -1,2,4-triazoles, Mannich bases of 1,2,4-triazoles such as 1- [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl-1,2,4-triazole; Alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles such as 1- (1-butoxyethyl-1,2,4-triazole; acylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles.
• c) imidazole derivatives, e.g. 4,4'-methylenebis (2-undecyl-5-methylimidazel, Bls [(t1-methyl) -imidazole-2] carbinolactyrlether.
• d) sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, for. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiaiol and their derivatives; 3,5-bis [di (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -1,3-thiadiazolin-2-one.
• e) amino compounds, e.g. As salicylidene-propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and salts thereof

• a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze, Aminsalze und Anhydride, z. B. Alkyl- und Alkenyibernsteinsäuren und deren Partialester mit Alkoholen, Diolen oder deren Hydroxycarbonsäureamiden von Alkyl- und A[kenylbernsteinsäuren, 4-Nonylphenoxyessigsäure, Alkoxy- und Alkoxyethoxycarbonsäuren wie Dodecyloxyessigsäure, Dodecyloxy(ethoxy)-essigsäure und deren Aminsalze, ferner N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitanmonooleat, Blei-naphthenat, A[kenylbernsteinsäureanhydride, z. B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerin und dessen Salze, insbesondere Na- und Triethanolaminsalze.
• b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z. B.: Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z. B. öllösliche Alkylammonium carboxylate, ferner 1-[N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoj-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol. 11. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z. B.: Substituierie Imidazoline und Oxazoline, 2-Heptadeceny[-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin.
• c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z. B.: Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
• d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z. B.: Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleumsulfonate, Alkylthio-suhstituierie aliphatische Garbonsäuren, Ester von aliphatischen 2-Su[focarbonsäuren und deren Salze. e) Glycerinderivate; z. B.: Glycerinmonooleat, 1-(Alkylphenoxy)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)g[ycerine, 1-(Afkylphenoxy)-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycerine, 2-Carboxyalkyl-1,3-dia[kylglycerine.

Examples of rust inhibitors are:

• a) Organic acids, their esters, metal salts, amine salts and anhydrides, eg. B. alkyl and Alkenyibernsteinsäuren and their partial esters with alcohols, diols or their Hydroxycarbonsäureamiden of alkyl and A [kenylsuccinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid, alkoxy and alkoxyethoxycarboxylic acids such as dodecyloxyacetic acid, dodecyloxy (ethoxy) -acetic acid and its amine salts, also N-oleoyl sarcosine, sorbitan monooleate, lead naphthenate, A [kenylsuccinic anhydrides, e.g. B. dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, 2- (2-carboxyethyl) -1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerol and its salts, in particular sodium and triethanolamine salts.
• b) nitrogen containing compounds, e.g. B.: Primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, eg. As oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates, further 1- [N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aminoj-3- (4-nonylphenoxy) propan-2-ol. 11. Heterocyclic compounds, eg. For example, substitution for imidazolines and oxazolines, 2-heptadeceny [-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidazoline.
• c) Phosphorus-containing compounds, eg. B.: Amine salts of Phosphorsäurepartialestern or Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
• d) Sulfur-containing compounds, for. B.: Barium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates, Calciumpetroleumsulfonate, Alkylthio-suhstituierie aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters of aliphatic 2-Su [focarbonsäuren and their salts. e) glycerol derivatives; z. For example: glycerol monooleate, 1- (alkylphenoxy) -3- (2-hydroxyethyl) -glycerols, 1- (alkylphenoxy) -3- (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycerols, 2-carboxyalkyl-1,3-dia [kylglycerols ,

dispersants

Examples for dispersants are: polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic Magnesium, calcium, and barium sulfonates and phenates.

Friction modifiers

Lubricants can contain various substances for the targeted modification of the friction properties. In the current state of the art, it is believed that typical oil-soluble friction reducing lubricant additives either adsorb to the metal surface of a frictional contact or form reaction layers. The former exist z. B. from long-chain carboxylic acids and their salts, esters, ethers, alcohols, amines, amides and imides. As an effect of such Reibverminderer an alignment of the polar groups and associated filming on the surface is assumed in frictional contact. By such a film is then in case of failure of the actual oil film, the contact of the solid ver prevents. However, the actual mechanism and influence of polar interactions such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonds is not fully understood. Typical reaction layers forming Reibverminderer are z. As saturated fatty acid esters, phosphoric and Triphosphorsäureester, xanthates or sulfur-containing fatty acids. This class also includes compounds which, under tribological stress in frictional contact, do not form solid but liquid reaction products with high carrying capacity. Examples of these are unsaturated fatty acids, partial esters of dicarboxylic acids, dialkylphthalic acid esters and sulforated olefin mixtures. In addition, organometallic compounds such as molybdenum dithiophosphonates and dicarbamates, organic copper compounds, as well as some solid lubricants such as graphite and MoS _{2 act} as Reibmindernde additives in lubricants. Additives for changing the frictional properties in oil lubricated starting clutches are, for example, in EP 0 622 444 A1 described.

The Inventive lubricant composition preferred for use as a special lubricating fluid for active differentials with one acceleration stage and a double clutch suitable, especially in multi-plate clutches. The multi-plate clutch includes a variety of friction and steel plates, which together with the lubricant composition according to the invention form a tribological system to the desired torque transferred to. The friction plate consists of a Steel beam and a corresponding friction material. When Friction materials apply here preferably sintered materials. The inventive Lubricant composition is preferred in a double clutch, the Grinding lamellae of grit-containing materials, used.

in the Unlike conventional oil-lubricated multi-plate clutches such as B. Clutches in automatic transmissions are the clutches of active differentials exclusively in continuous slippage operated, whereby the lubricant is subjected to extreme loads. Consequently, the lubricant will be next to a high thermal and mechanical strength very specific requirements the friction behavior with grit sintered materials.

The lubricating fluids according to the invention ensure sufficient in the described systems high and stable coefficients of friction under continuous slip conditions and drawing especially due to high thermal stability and good efficiency properties in the active differentials.

embodiment

For the preparation of the lubricant composition according to the invention the following basic oils and additives are used:

example

Lubricant Composition 1: A synthetic lubricant based on a hydrocracking oil Group III having the following composition was prepared: Base oil: Hydro-cracking oil 99.57% by weight additives: zinc dithiophosphate 0.15% by weight magnesium 0.28% by weight

Lubricant Composition 2: A synthetic lubricant based on a hydrocracking oil Group III having the following composition was prepared: Base oil: Hydro-cracking oil 95.4% by weight additives: Flow improver (methacrylate copolymer) 0.3% by weight zinc dithiophosphate 0.15% by weight magnesium 0.28% by weight such as Antioxidant (diphenylamine) 0.1% by weight Foam inhibitor (silicone oil).

The The above compositions have a zinc content of 1550 mg / kg on, a phosphorus content of 3480 mg / kg, a magnesium content of 2800 mg / kg and a sulfur content of 2570 mg / kg.

The kinematic viscosity is 5.45 mm ² / s (centistokes) at 100 ° C.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006008236 A1 [0004, 0006]
• EP 0622444 A1 [0048]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Montier, RM and Orszulik, ST: Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants (Springerverlag GmbH, 1997) [0026]

Claims (12)

Comprising a synthetic lubricant composition at least 50% of a synthetic base oil and - 0.03 to 5 wt .-% zinc dithiophosphate and From 0.04 to 4% by weight magnesium, the composition having a zinc content from 1000 to 2000 mg / kg, a phosphorus content of 3000 to 4000 mg / kg, a magnesium content of 2000 to 3500 mg / kg and a sulfur content of 2000 to 4000 mg / kg. Lubricant composition according to claim 1, characterized that they are 0.05 to 1% by weight of zinc dithiophosphate and Contains 0.1 to 0.4 wt .-% magnesium sulfonate. A lubricant composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of base oil and the Additive zinc dithiophosphate and magnesium sulfonate exists. A lubricant composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further 0-3 wt .-% Flow improver and / or 0-5 wt .-% dispersant having. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow improver selected is hydrogenated polystyrene-co-isoprene (HSI), ethylene-propylene Copolymers (OCP), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyalkylacrylates and methacrylates (PAMA), vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, Polyvinylpyrrolidones, polybutene, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, Polyethers, alkylated naphthalene derivatives or mixtures thereof. Lubricant composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a kinematic viscosity of 3.0 to 18.0 mm ² / s (centistokes) at 100 ° C, preferably 4.0 to 10.0 mm ² / s , Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the base oil is a hydrocracking base oil after group III or a base oil based on PAO by group IV is. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is at least one more Having additive selected from antioxidants, detergents, High-pressure anti-wear agents (EP), friction modifiers (Friction modifier), corrosion, rust and foam inhibitors and / or Viscosity index improvers. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they 0.03 to 3 wt .-% calcium sulfonate contains, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 wt .-%. Use of a lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for lubricating a Getriebetribosystems. Use according to claim 10, characterized that the lubricant composition for lubricating an active Differential with one acceleration stage and one double clutch is used in continuous slip mode. Method for lubricating an active differential with an acceleration stage and a double clutch, the friction plates from grit sintered materials, characterized in that a lubricant composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 used and added to the active differential becomes.