KR20020060152A - 설피네이트 알킬레이션에 의해 공유결합으로 가교된폴리머 및 폴리머 막. - Google Patents
설피네이트 알킬레이션에 의해 공유결합으로 가교된폴리머 및 폴리머 막. Download PDFInfo
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- KR20020060152A KR20020060152A KR1020027000826A KR20027000826A KR20020060152A KR 20020060152 A KR20020060152 A KR 20020060152A KR 1020027000826 A KR1020027000826 A KR 1020027000826A KR 20027000826 A KR20027000826 A KR 20027000826A KR 20020060152 A KR20020060152 A KR 20020060152A
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- group
- membrane
- hal
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidosulfur(.) Chemical compound [O]SO DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000491 Polyphenylsulfone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005649 polyetherethersulfone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001588 amesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004569 hydrophobicizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dichloride Chemical group ClSCl FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004354 sulfur functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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Abstract
Description
막 | NMP [g] |
PSU-SO2Cl [g] |
PSU-SO2Li [g] |
가교제[ml] | IEC [meq/g] |
swelling [%] |
Rsp H+ [Ω㎝] |
wz10 |
10 | 1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 19.3 | 337.6 |
wz13 |
10 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 0.85 | 18.3 | 15.2 |
wz14 |
10 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 8.6 | 62.6 |
wz15 |
10 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 13 | 36.14 |
wz16 |
10 | 1* | 1* | 0.3 | 0.75 | 11.7 | 31.6 |
Claims (17)
- 선택적으로 하기의 작용기를 가지는 하나 또는 그 이상의 폴리머를 포함하는 공유결합에 의하여 가교된 폴리머 또는 폴리머 막 (M = 할로겐원소(Hal) (불소, 염소, 브롬, 요오드),OR, NR2; R = 알킬, 히드로시알킬, 알릴(aryl) ; Me = 수소, 리튬, 나트륨, 칼륨, 세슘 또는 상이한 금속양이온 또는 암모늄 이온):a)양이온 교환기의 전구체: SO2M 및/또는 POM2및/또는 COMb)설피네이트기 SO2Me와 하기의 유기화합물에 의해 공유결합으로으로 가교될 수 있는 설피네이트기 SO2Me.a)설피네이트기 SO2Me와 반응한 2기능적인, 3기능적인 또는 올리고기능적인 할로알칸 또는 할로아로마틱스, 그로 인해 하기의 가교 브리지가 폴리머/폴리머 혼합물/폴리머 막 에 존재한다.( Y = 가교브리지),X = 할로겐원소(Hal) (불소, 염소, 브롬, 요오드), OR, Y = -(CH2)X- ; -아리렌(arylene)- ; -(CH2)X-아리렌- ; -CH2-아리렌-CH2-, X = 3 내지 12) : 폴리머-SO2-Y-SO2-폴리머및/또는b)다음의 기를 포함하는 화합물: Hal-(CH2)X-NHR, 여기에서 한 쪽(Hal-)이 설피네이트기 SO2Me와 다른 한쪽(-NHR)은 SO2M- 기와 반응한 것으로 하기의 가교브리지가 폴리머/폴리머혼합물/폴리머막에 존재한다: 폴리머-SO2-(CH2)X-NR-SO2-폴리머및/또는c)다음의 기를 포함하는 화합물: NHR-(CH2)X-NHR는 SO2Me기와 반응한 것으로, 하기의 가교 브리지가 폴리머/폴리머혼합물/폴리머막에 존재한다: 폴리머-SO2-NR-(CH2)X-NR-SO2-폴리머.
- 제1항에 있어서, 하기의 폴리머로 구성된것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합막.a) 적어도 SO2M기를 가진 폴리머a) 적어도 SO2Me기를 가진 폴리머.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 하기의 기를 포함하는 폴리머로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합막 : SO2M기 및 SOMe.
- 상기 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 작용기를 가진 기초 폴리머 또는 폴리에테르 술폰, 폴리술폰, 폴리페닐술폰, 폴리에테르 에테르 술폰, 폴리에테르 케톤, 폴리에테르 에테르 케톤, 폴리페닐 에테르, 폴리디페닐페닐렌 에테르,폴리페닐렌 황화물, 또는 상기 구성성분중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 공중합체 (copolymer)로 부터 선택되는 작용기를 가지는 기초 폴리머를 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합막.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 기초 폴리머가 바람직하게는 폴리술폰, 폴리페닐에테르 또는 돌화(lithiated)될 수 있는 상이한 폴리머인 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합에 의한 및 이온적으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합물 막.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 가교제가 바람직하게는 Hal-(CH2)X-Hal 또는 Hal-CH2-페닐렌-CH2-Hal (X = 3 내지,할로겐원소 ( Hal) = 불소, 염소, 브롬, 요오드)인 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합물 막:
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 폴리머/폴리머(혼합물)막의 SO2M 기 및/또는 POM2기 및/또는 COM 기가 하기의 후처리(큐어링(curing))에 의해 양이온교환기 SO3Me 및/또는 PO3Me2및/또는 COOMe (Me = 수소, 리튬, 나트륨, 칼륨, 세슘 또는 상이한 금속 양이온 또는 아모늄이온)로 가수분해되는 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합물 막:a) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 1 내지 50 중량 % 알칼리 수용액 에서b) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 완전히 염이 제거된 물에서c) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 1 내지 50 중량 % 수용성 미네랄 산에서d) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 완전히 염이 제거된 물에서상기에서 하나 또는 그 이상의 큐어링 단계가 선택적으로 생략될 수 있다.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 폴리머가 N,N-디메틸포르마미드(N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF), N,N-디메틸아세트아미드 (N,N-dimethylacetamide, DMAc), N-메틸피롤리디논(N-methylpyrrolidinone, NMP), 디메틸설폴시드(dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO), 또는 설포레인(sulfolane)으로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 양극성 아프로틱(aprotic)용매에 동시에 또는 연속적으로 녹이며, 그 후 가교제를 첨가하고, 휘저어에 폴리머 용액안에서 가교제를 균일하게 분산시키고, 폴리머 용액을 여과하고, 가스를 제거하고, 폴리머 용액을 토대(base)(유리판, 금속판, 직조된 직물, 직조하지 않은 직물, 그 밖의 것)위에 얇은 막으로 펼치고, 용매를 80 내지 130℃에서 열을 가함 및/또는 낮은 온도에서 또는 순환하는 공기 건조기내에서 제거하고, 폴리머 필름을 선택적으로 토대에서 벗겨내고, 폴리머 필름이 다음과 같이 큐어링되는 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 또는 폴리머 혼합물 막을 제조하는 방법:a) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 1 내지 50 중량 % 알칼리 수용액 에서b) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 완전히 염이 제거된 물에서c) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 1 내지 50 중량 % 수용성 미네랄 산에서d) 온도가 실내온도 내지 95℃ 에서 완전히 염이 제거된 물에서상기에서 하나 또는 그 이상의 큐어링 단계가 선택적으로 생략될 수 있다.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 전기화학적 루트에서 에너지를 생산하기 위한 막의 용도.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 0 내지 180℃의 온도에서 막 연료 셀(수소(H2) 또는 메탄올 연료 셀)의 구성요소로서 막의 용도.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 전기화학적 셀에서 막의 용도.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 2차 배터리에서 막의 용도.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 전기분해 셀에서 막의 용도.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 기체분리(gas separation), 기화(pervaporation), 퍼스트렉션(perstraction), 역삼투(reverse osmosis), 전기투석(electrodialysis) 및 확산투석(diffusion dialysis)과 같은 막 분리 방법에서막의 용도.
- 하나 또는 그 이상의 폴리머와 텍토규산염 및/또는 필로규산염으로 구성된 공유결합으로 가교된 합성 폴리머 또는 공유결합으로 가교된 합성 폴리머 막.이 때, 존재하는 텍토규산염 및/또는 필로규산염은 작용기화 되거나 작용기화되지 않고,상기 폴리머는 하기의 작용기를 가질 수 있는 것을 특징으로 한다.(M = 할로겐원소(Hal) (불소, 염소, 브롬, 요오드),OR, NR2; R = 알킬, 히드로시알킬, 알릴(aryl) ; Me = 수소, 리튬, 나트륨, 칼륨, 세슘 또는 상이한 금속양이온 또는 암모늄 이온):a)양이온 교환기의 전구체: SO2M 및/또는 POM2및/또는 COMb)설피네이트기 SO2Me와 하기의 유기화합물에 의해 공유결합으로 크로스 링크될 수 있는 설피네이트기 SO2Me.a)설피네이트기 SO2Me와 반응한 2기능적인, 3기능적인 또는 올리고기능적인 할로알칸 또는 할로아로마틱스, 그로 인해 하기의 가교 브리지가 폴리머/폴리머 혼합물/폴리머 막 에 존재한다.( Y = 가교브리지), X = 할로겐원소(Hal) (불소, 염소, 브롬, 요오드), OR, Y = -(CH2)X- ; -아리렌(arylene)- ; -(CH2)X-아리렌- ; -CH2-아리렌-CH2-, X = 3 내지 12) : 폴리머-SO2-Y-SO2-폴리머및/또는b)다음의 기를 포함하는 화합물: Hal-(CH2)X-NHR, 여기에서 한 쪽(Hal-)이 설피네이트기 SO2Me와 다른 한쪽(-NHR)은 SO2M- 기와 반응한 것으로 하기의 가교브리지가 폴리머/폴리머혼합물/폴리머막에 존재한다: 폴리머-SO2-(CH2)X-NR-SO2-폴리머및/또는c)다음의 기를 포함하는 화합물: NHR-(CH2)X-NHR는 SO2Me기와 반응한 것으로, 하기의 가교 브리지가 폴리머/폴리머혼합물/폴리머막에 존재한다: 폴리머-SO2-NR-(CH2)X-NR-SO2-폴리머.
- 제15항에 있어서, 하기의 폴리머로 구성된것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합막.a) 적어도 SO2M기를 가진 폴리머a) 적어도 SO2Me기를 가진 폴리머.
- 제15항 또는 제16항에 있어서, 하기의 기를 포함하는 폴리머로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 공유결합으로 가교된 폴리머 혼합물 또는 폴리머 혼합막 : SO2M기 및 SOMe.
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