KR20020040197A - Smash machine of food wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A crusher for waste food is provided to crush waste food together with a plastic bag without a need to separate various kinds of strong materials or solids. CONSTITUTION: The crusher for waste food comprises a stationary blade having a plurality of sawteeth and secured to a frame; a rotating blade installed with a certain interval from the stationary blade and; at least one cutting blade provided in the end of the rotating blade, wherein the rotating blades are fixed in a rotational shaft which is rotated with a power transmitted from a driving motor. The crushing gap, i.e., gap between the stationary blade and the rotational blade can be adjusted.

Description

Food Waste Crusher {SMASH MACHINE OF FOOD WASTES}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for pre-processing food waste to recycle food waste or to make useful resources such as fertilizers or feeds. The present invention relates to an automatic shredder for shredding food waste to a predetermined size or less.

In general, food waste contains not only high-molecular cellulose such as vegetables, protein, such as bones and meats, but also a large amount of water, and may also contain pointed objects such as wooden chopsticks and toothpicks. Metallic materials may be present, and other inorganic materials such as paper, wet cloth, and vinyl may also be included.

Because it has various ingredients like this, there is a bad smell that is generated there, and a device for sorting non-organic foreign substances and vinyl shredding device is needed. Therefore, the designer who builds a facility to make food or fertilizer by cultivating and treating food waste There are many challenges that are not easy for them.

In general, the method of recycling food waste includes fertilizer using a fast fermentation or dry and wet feed method and mushroom culture medium using an edible mushroom. In the food waste recycling facility using high-speed fermentation, it is difficult to automate the separation of foreign substances such as toothpicks and wooden chopsticks, and therefore, there is a problem in that efficiency is low because the human labor is put into labor. In addition, there is a problem in that the treatment facility itself is installed in many places because it does not solve the odor generated from food waste, and also has a problem that the blade used in the device must be changed frequently without crushing bones or metallic materials. In addition, there is a problem that the relatively tough material, that is, wet cloth or vinyl and the like cannot be broken.

In particular, when food waste is collected in a plastic bag for collection and brought into a recycling facility, the work of crushing the plastic bag for collection must first be performed. In some conventional shredding devices, noise is generated by shredding the bag using a hammer. Not only is it severe and inefficient, but also consumes a lot of parts, which is not economical.

Conventional technology for cutting the plastic bag to solve this problem, there is a Patent No. 10-0263364 "Plastic bag and garbage removal device of food waste" of May 16, 2000 registered. The invention consists of a device for supplying quantitatively by inputting garbage contained in a plastic bag, a device for separating a plastic bag cutting device and the cut vinyl. By the way, as shown in FIG. 1, in the plastic bag cutting device 10, the large blade 15 and the small blade 16 are alternately formed on the rotating shaft 14, and the motor ( 12) the power is transmitted to the rotating shaft 14 through the spur gear (13). And a blocking plate 17 for adjusting the gap is added. However, in such a conventional cutting device, the strength of the blade is not large enough to cut only the plastic bag, and it is not possible to cut solid materials such as bones or wooden chopsticks in the food waste in the bag, and the blocking plate 17 has a gap adjustment. The problem of a simple configuration with no means provided is still not solved.

In addition, various kinds of sorting devices have been devised because non-organic materials such as metal or glass are mixed into food waste and are difficult to make into feed or fertilizer. Conventional sorting devices are separated by spraying air or water and drying the rest. It may include a step, or it is dried by compression or hot air and then put into a sorting operation. Such devices are not widely used because of the large scale of the facility as components such as air spraying or compressors are added, and there are many examples in which people manually select foreign substances.

This problem is larger in the resource utilization method using high-speed fermentation, which has a limitation that it can be used as fertilizer or compost only by greatly reducing the moisture contained in food waste. Conventionally, a method has been developed to improve the resource without removing the moisture of the wet food waste, Patent No. 10-0189644 No. 10-0189644 (Registration date: January 18, 1999) of Lee Eun-gwan, one of the inventors of the present invention A specific method is disclosed in "Food waste disposal method using edible mushrooms". Thereby, a method is disclosed in which food waste is crushed as it is, mixed with dry fiber sources such as sawdust or crested rice, and used as a medium for cultivating edible mushrooms. According to this method, components such as bone, wood, glass, and ceramic can be acted as a kind of soil as long as they are sufficiently broken, thus eliminating the need for screening.

However, the conventionally developed food waste pretreatment system is too weak to crush wet food waste, so that it is not crushed to hard materials, and it is uneconomical as a whole needs a large-scale facility by focusing on the foreign matter sorting device.

Further, according to the conventional waste sheet crushing apparatus 20 (Patent No. 10-0218752) shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus which crushes the waste sheet on a plane like a carpet finely is disclosed. The grinding device is provided with a fixed cutter 22 fixed on the frame and a rotary cutter 24 provided at a predetermined interval therefrom. The fixed cutter 22 is further formed with a concave-convex blade 23, and the outer circumferential surface of the rotary cutter 24 is assembled with a minja cutter (26) and the concave-convex cutter (25) to close the seat between the fixed cutter and the rotary cutter The 21 is crushed into pieces of squares of a certain size. However, since the pulverizing device 20 is a dedicated device for pulverizing only the waste sheets, it is not intended to handle the mixing of substances of various shapes such as food waste. In addition, there is no device for adjusting the distance between the fixed cutter 22 and the rotary cutter 24 to adjust the size of the waste sheet pieces to be crushed.

Therefore, a crusher that can obtain a predetermined effect even in a small facility by crushing the wet food waste as it is suitable to use as a medium using the edible mushroom bacteria.

The present invention is designed to solve the problems of the conventional waste crushing or crushing device, it is possible to crush the food waste in the plastic bag for the collection, and it is necessary to separate or select most of various solid materials or tough materials, etc. separately. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crusher to be free of.

For the above-mentioned object, the crusher according to the present invention includes a fixed blade fixed to the frame and having at least one toothed blade and a rotary blade installed at predetermined intervals with the fixed blade, wherein the rotary blade is a drive motor It is fixed on the axis rotated by the power from the at least one rotary knife having a predetermined radius and one or more cutting blades formed at the end of the rotary knife, the interval between the fixed blade and the rotary blade, that is, the crushing interval is adjustable Can be installed.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the rotating part is formed by a plurality of rotating blades are fixed in parallel on the axis, the cutting blade is provided in plurality at predetermined intervals along the respective edge of the rotary blade, preferably the cutting blade Silver is formed with a plurality of sloped surface is provided with one or more corners of less than 90 degrees of the inner angle can be formed in a cross-sectional asymmetrical shape.

In another embodiment of the present invention, it may further include a gap adjusting means for linearly or rotationally moving the fixed position of the fixed blade or the rotary blade.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the food waste is introduced at one end and the processed food waste is discharged at the other end, respectively, and an inlet and an outlet part are respectively provided, and a sealed housing formed to surround the entire crusher is added. It can be included as.

1 is a schematic view showing a conventional food waste plastic bag cutting device.

Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a part of the conventional waste sheet grinding apparatus.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the food waste shredder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a schematic view showing a rotary blade structure of the crusher of the present invention.

5 is a plan view showing a rotary blade structure of the crusher of the present invention.

6 is a schematic view showing various forms of the fixed blade structure of the crusher of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing a gap control method of the shredder of the present invention.

8 is a perspective view showing an example of a simple device embodying the gap adjusting method of FIG.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing another spacing control method of the shredder of the present invention

Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the control configuration of the crusher of the present invention.

* Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

10: vinyl cutting device 20: waste sheet grinding device 100: crusher

130: blocking plate 140: fixed blade 142: fixed part

144: teeth 146: fixed shaft 148: guide groove

160: rotary blade 164: driving belt 166: motor

168: rotating unit 169: cutting blade 220: gap adjuster

240: control lever 310: speed detection sensor 340: control unit

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 to 9 respectively show details of the shredder 100 employed in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. 3 briefly shows the overall configuration of the shredder 100.

As shown in FIG. 3, the main parts of the crusher 100 are the fixed blade 140 and the rotary blade 160. The fixed blade 140 is fixed on the frame in which the inlet port 120 for collecting the plastic bags containing the food waste to be treated, and the outlet port 180 which is sprayed after the treatment are formed. Then, the rotary blade 160 is installed to have a predetermined distance from the fixed blade 140 so as to be rotatable by the rotation shaft 162 at a predetermined position of the frame. The rotary blade 160 is driven and rotated by the motor 166 through the driving belt 164 or the gear device, and the food waste carried between the fixed blade 140 is crushed or broken by the bag. Since the size of the crushed garbage is determined by the size of the gap between the fixed blade 140 and the rotary blade 160, it is preferable to install the gap, that is, the crushing interval, to be adjustable.

The fixed blade 140 may have a plurality of teeth 144 (see FIG. 6) formed at the fixed portion 142 fixed to the frame. The tooth blade 144 functions to hold the food waste being shredded while the rotary blade 160 rotates and shreds, and in addition, when the fixed blade 140 itself forms a sharp blade to have cutting force, shredding. It can increase the power even more.

The crusher according to the present invention is more preferable the higher the crushing strength, foreign matter that may be mixed in the food waste-metal materials such as bottle caps or withdrawal of flakes or solid materials such as bone or wooden chopsticks, or quality such as vinyl or wet cloth This is to allow foreign objects such as soft and soft materials to be broken. Therefore, even if any foreign matter is mixed in the food waste by such a shredder, all of them can be shredded to a predetermined size or less. Preferably crushed to the same size as the sawdust in general.

3 and 4, the rotary blade 160 is fixed to the rotating shaft 162 and formed separately from the rotary knife having a predetermined radius and the rotary knife. It is preferable to comprise the cutting blade 169 made. The rotary knife and the cutting blade may be bolted or preferably welded and joined, and this separate formation has the advantage of being easy to increase the strength of the cutting blade. That is, since the shape of the cutting blade can be made irrespective of the shape of the rotary knife, even when made of the same material may have the flexibility that the cutting blade can be produced in a high shape.

For example, as in the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 5, the rotary blade 160 comprises a rotary knife assembly formed by a plurality of rotary knife 168 is arranged and fixed in parallel on the shaft 162. The configuration of the rotary knife is not limited thereto, and may be configured as a cylindrical integrated rotary knife. The cutting blade 169 may be formed on the end of the rotary knife 168, that is, the surface that can be in contact with the crushing object-in the illustrated embodiment, a protruding end surface formed in the shape of a saw blade. The number of cutting blades 169 may be at least one or two depending on the shape of the rotary knife 168, but in terms of increasing the strength, as shown in Figure 4, saw blade rotation It is preferably formed at each saw blade end of the knife 168, respectively. Of course, fewer or more cutting blades 169 may be formed as needed.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cutting blade 169 is formed with one or more inclined surface may be provided with one or more corners with an angle of less than 90 degrees. By doing so, as shown in the example shown in FIG. 4, each sharp edge of the cutting edge 169 can further form cutting edges such as the top edge 169a and the bottom edge 169b, so that the cutting force is that much. Can be strong. In addition, although not shown, the cutting blade 169 may be formed as one of a blade shape, a window shape, a hook shape, a cone shape, a tetrahedron shape, or another irregular shape.

At this time, it is more preferable that the cross-sectional shape of the cutting blade 169 is asymmetrical, which is installed in the form of mirror symmetry with the cutting blade 169 adjacent to each other when bonding the cutting blade 169 to the rotary knife 168. It is because it can be comprised so that the form of left and right by this may be alternated. By alternating the left and right shapes of the blades, there is an advantage that the same shape can have a greater cutting force, that is, a crushing force, than a continuous one.

In addition, the cutting blade 169 may be made of a material different from the rotary knife 168. For example, if the rotary knife 168 is plastic, the cutting blade 169 may be made of stainless steel or other iron material. The rotary knife 168 is typically made of stainless steel in order to increase durability and crushing force. In this case, the cutting blade 169 is preferably made of a material including either tungsten or diamond. Tungsten or tungsten carbide materials have the advantage of being less rigid but less expensive than diamond materials.

6 is a schematic view showing various embodiments of the fixed blade 140 employed in the shredder according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the toothed blade 144, which may be formed on the fixed blade 140, may be a cylindrical 144 ′ from a simple one such as a pointed window 144 ″ or a general square 144 or a triangle. Various shapes are possible, such as ones or hooks (not shown) or irregular shapes (144 '' '). The teeth 144 do not need to have a strong cutting force as the rotary blade 160, and sufficient strength and durability enough to support the food waste to be crushed. Of course, it is also preferable to produce a steel material to have a strong cutting force.

The toothed blade 144 is the simplest arrangement form, but is not limited to the series arrangement in one line at one end of the fixing portion 142, it may be arranged in two lines in two dimensions. If the arrangement is increased, the durability of the tooth blade 144 can be aimed at as a whole.

7 to 9 show an example of a specific spacing control method between the rotary blade 160 and the fixed blade 140 in the crusher according to the present invention. As shown, the interval between the rotary blade 160 and the fixed blade 140, that is, the fracture interval (L1, L2) can be adjusted by moving the position of the fixed blade 140. The crushing interval can be adjusted by rotating or linearly moving the position of the fixed blade 140.

7 and 8 show a very simple configuration of the device for rotating movement. As shown, the fixing portion 142 of the fixed blade 140 may be rotatably fixed on the frame by the fixed shaft 146. And after forming the guide groove 148 in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the fixed blade 140 can be slidably connected by inserting the adjustment lever 240 in the guide groove 148. When the control lever 240 is in the first position (P1) is the first fracture interval (L1), when the control lever 240 moves to the second position (P2) the end of the control lever 240 is the guide groove ( While sliding along 148, the fixed blade 140 may be rotated to become the second fracture interval L2. The movement of the control lever 240 may be manually operated by the operator of the system, and preferably may be electrically operated. That is, according to the embodiment of FIG. 8 in which the control lever 240 is connected to the actuator 220, the driver may change the fracture interval by turning on / off the switch SW. Alternatively, the on / off control may be controlled by the driver or automatically at a remote place such as a central control room.

9 shows a simple device for adjusting the fracture interval by linearly moving the fixed blade 140. A recess is formed in a part of the frame to which the fixing blade 140 is fixed, and the fixing part 142 is inserted into the recess through a member such as a spring 230. The adjustment lever 240 ′ may be mounted so that the driver protrudes outside the housing to be manually operated. When the fixing lever 240 'is fixed to any one of the plurality of fixing members 220' which designate a position, the interval between the tooth blade 144 and the rotary blade 160, that is, the fracture interval, may be adjusted. Can be. Although not shown, the control lever 240'is also the same as in the case of rotational movement, which may be configured to enable remote control or automatic control by using an electrically controllable component such as an actuator.

Alternatively, by changing the position of the rotary blade 160 instead of the fixed blade 140 may be adjusted to the fracture interval. To this end, a control lever connected to move the rotary shaft 162 of the rotary blade 160 linearly may be additionally mounted, and the control lever may be connected to an electrically operable actuator. Same as the case.

In addition, another preferred embodiment according to the present invention may be provided with a hermetic housing as briefly shown in FIG. At one end of the housing there is formed an inlet 120 through which food waste can be collected without a plastic bag or without a plastic bag, and at the other end, an outlet for discharging the food waste processed by the shredding means and the foreign matter separating means. 180 is formed. This hermetic housing surrounds the entire system to prevent moisture or odors from leaking out.

Since the shredder generally handles food wastes that contain a lot of water, it is desirable to use a material suitable for ensuring that the parts, including the sealed housing, are not corrosive to moisture and have the necessary durability. Such a material may be a plastic material, preferably stainless steel.

As shown in FIG. 1, the inlet 120 or the outlet 180 of the housing may have a simple configuration including an opening door and a ramp. Garbage is introduced into the opening and closing door, and the ramp connected to the opening and closing door may allow the garbage introduced through the opening and closing door to slide to the next step by the action of gravity. In the case of such a simple inlet 120, the garbage is preferably carried in a plastic bag for collection.

Although not shown, the inlet 120 or outlet 180 may be provided with a storage tank and a transfer means. The storage tank is a place where the input waste is temporarily stored, and the transport means connected to the storage tank may serve to transfer the waste using power such as a motor. At this time, the transfer means has an advantage that the amount of the object to be transferred can be adjusted by adjusting the speed and the area of the passage. For example, an apparatus such as a screw conveyor that rotates by the power of a motor may be employed as the conveying means, and various conveying means such as a horizontal belt conveyor or a chain conveyor may be employed. It is preferable to use such a loading tank when the garbage is carried in as it is without a bag.

In addition, one side of the rotary blade 160 of the shredder 100, as shown in Figure 3, the blocking plate 130 is installed, the material to be shredded when the rotary blade 160 is rotated together It is desirable to block so as not to rise up along the blade 160.

In the shredder of the present invention as described above, the food waste may be treated while contained in a plastic bag, and the food waste to be treated may be in a wet state containing moisture. Typically about 80% or more of the weight of food waste is water, and the drying process is not necessary at all in the system of the present invention and can be treated in the same and semi-fluid state from the beginning to the end. In particular, the crusher according to the present invention has an advantage that the gap between the crushed particles in the treatment process by the crusher is sufficient to easily contain moisture, so that there is little generation of liquid flowing out.

In general, when the treated food waste is used as a medium for edible mushroom cultivation, the final moisture content is about 65% to 70%, so that it can be utilized. Mixing sawdust, crests or waste noodles can be a good resource.

10 is a block diagram showing an example of a control configuration of a crusher according to the present invention. In the crusher according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is an operation target such as an actuator of the motor 166 and the spacer 220 for driving the rotary blade. The control unit 340 can be configured as a configuration in which a switch that can only operate power on / off from a power supply unit (not shown) is simply arranged.

In a more complicated control device, the control unit may further include an inlet detection sensor that detects whether the waste is introduced into the inlet unit and is connected to the sensor to automatically control the operation of the drive motor 166 of the crusher. . That is, when it is detected that the garbage is introduced by the inflow detection sensor, the control unit 340 controls the drive motor 166 to be turned on, and when the garbage is not detected, the power supply By controlling it to be OFF, it is possible to automatically control the operation and shutdown of the system without the operator operating the start button separately.

In addition, it may further include a speed sensor 310 for detecting the rotational speed of the drive motor of the shredder 100, and further comprises a control unit 340 connected to the sensor to control the operation of the drive motor. can do. In this case, when the speed is detected as 0 even when the driving motor is in a power-on state, the controller 340 displays the driver as an alarm device 320 or a display unit 330 such as a light emitting diode or a beeping sound. Can be configured. In this case, by informing the driver that a too heavy material is jammed between the rotary blade 160 and the fixed blade 140, the driver can cope with the sudden situation. The complicated control may be automatically controlled by the controller 340 by itself, and the controller 340 may include an input unit manually input by a user or a driver. Alternatively, a special motor may be employed that has the function of stopping operation when the motor is under a constant overload.

According to a crusher according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention as described above, when the food waste is carried in a collecting plastic bag or brought in by a container, the garbage bags for collecting vegetables and food waste, as well as the wet food waste constituting the food waste. Can be shredded, bones, wet cloth, paper, toothpicks, wooden chopsticks, bottle caps, metallic debris and vinyl at once. In addition, the system is enclosed design so that moisture and odors are not leaked to the outside, so that an efficient food waste recycling facility can be constructed in which a food waste crushing process can be performed in a comfortable environment.

Claims (19)

In shredders for food waste disposal units: It is fixed to the frame and has a fixed blade having one or more toothed blades and a rotary blade installed at a predetermined interval with the fixed blade, Here, the rotary blade is fixed on the axis that rotates by receiving power from the drive motor is provided with one or more rotary knives having a predetermined radius and at least one cutting blade formed at the end of the rotary knife, the fixed blade and the rotary blade Breaker characterized in that the interval between the adjustable. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the cutting blade has at least one inclined surface and is provided with at least one corner having an internal angle of less than 90 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the cutting blade is formed as one of a blade type, a window type, a hook type, a cone type, a tetrahedron type, and a cross-sectional shape thereof is asymmetrical. The crusher according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cutting edge having the left and right asymmetric cross sections is mirror-symmetric with the adjacent cutting edge. The crusher of claim 1, wherein the toothed blade has a plurality of protrusions having one of a window shape, a square shape, a cylindrical shape, and a hook shape. 6. The shredder according to claim 5, wherein the tooth blade arrangement is two-dimensional. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the cutting blade is made of a material different from that of the rotating part, and the other material contains either tungsten or diamond. The crusher according to claim 1, further comprising a gap adjusting means for moving the fixed position of the fixed blade. The crusher according to claim 8, wherein the gap adjusting means includes moving means for linearly moving the fixed blade. The crusher according to claim 8, wherein the gap adjusting means is a means including a moving means for rotating the fixed blade. The crusher according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the moving means is electrically connected to an electrically controlled actuator. The crusher according to claim 1, further comprising a spacing adjusting means for moving the rotating shaft fixed position of the rotary blade. 13. The crusher according to claim 12, wherein the gap adjusting means includes moving means for linearly moving the pivot shaft. The crusher according to claim 13, wherein the moving means is electrically operated in connection with an electrically controlled actuator. The method of claim 1, wherein the food waste is introduced into one end and the processed food waste is discharged from the other end, respectively, the inlet and the discharge portion, characterized in that it further comprises a sealed housing formed to surround the entire crusher Crusher. The crusher according to claim 15, wherein the inlet or the discharge part includes an opening door into which waste is inputted and a ramp connected to the opening door so that the garbage introduced through the opening door slides out under gravity through the ramp. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inlet or outlet comprises a storage tank having a predetermined capacity for the waste is put into the storage tank and the transport means connected to the storage tank so that the waste stored in the storage tank is discharged through the transport means Crusher characterized in that. 18. The crusher according to claim 17, wherein the conveying means of the inlet or outlet is a conveyor operated by the power of a motor. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the food waste is provided in a plastic bag for collection and crushed into a bag.