KR20000029556A - Biaxially stretched, biodegradable and compostable foil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A foil is provided for improved mechanical properties, optical property, and sliding property. CONSTITUTION: A foil oriented along two axes substantially consists of one or several polymers which are biologically degradable and compostable, as well as maximum 5 % by weight nucleating agents, maximum 5 % by weight common stabilizers and neutralizers, maximum 5 % by weight common internal lubricants and parting agents and maximum 5 % by weight common anti griping agents.

Description

Biaxially Stretched, Biodegradable and Compostable Foil}

The present invention relates to biaxially stretched biodegradable compostable films.

It is known that certain polymeric materials can be biologically degraded. The materials to be referred to herein are mainly those obtained directly or after modification from natural polymers, for example polyhydroxy alkanoates such as polyhydroxy butyrate, plastic cellulose, cellulose esters, plastic starch, chitosan and pullulan )to be. Desirable modifications of the polymer composition or structure as preferred from the polymer field point of view are difficult and often only in a limited manner because of natural synthetic methods.

Many synthetic polymers, on the other hand, are not attacked by microorganisms, or are only quite slowly attacked. Synthetic polymers containing heteroatoms in the critical chain are often considered to be potentially biodegradable. An important kind in these materials is represented by polyester. Synthetic raw materials containing only aliphatic monomers show relatively good biodegradability, but due to the material properties of these raw materials, they can only be used to an excessively limited degree (see Witt et al., Macrom. Chem. Phys. 195 (1994) pp 793-802. In comparison, aromatic polyesters have good material properties while biodegradability is obviously impaired.

In recent years, various biodegradable polymers have become known (DE 44 32 161). These polymers are biodegradable while having the property that they can be easily thermoplastically operated. That is, the entire polymer chain of these polymers is dissociated by enzymes by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and completely degraded into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. In compost, in particular, appropriate tests in natural environments in which microorganisms, such as prevails, are provided in particular in DIN 54 900. Because of the thermoplastic behavior of these polymers, these biodegradable materials can be processed into semifinished products such as molds or blown films. Nevertheless, the use of these semifinished products is quite limited. On the one hand, these films are characterized by poor mechanical properties, and on the other hand, compared to films made of plastics, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide, which are typically but non-biodegradable in physical sealability against water vapor and gases. Quite bad.

The present invention provides a method for producing a biodegradable compostable film having improved not only mechanical properties and optical properties, but also slipperiness. The object of the present invention is achieved by a biodegradable compostable polymer, or a mixture of several polymers, each of which is biodegradable and compostable, and is supplied biaxially with suitable additives. In the sense of the present invention the term "biodegradable compostable polymer or membrane" will be understood to mean a material which has been tested as having "biodegradability" according to a test according to DIN 54 900 from the beginning of 1996.

It was surprising to the inventors that these biodegradable polymers can be biaxially oriented in addition to the thermoplastic processability of these polymers, and the slipperiness of the film is improved as a result of the addition of certain additives.

The present invention exhibits biaxial orientation and consists of one or more polymers, all of which are biodegradable and compostable, and also up to 5% by weight of nucleating agents, up to 5% by weight of conventional stabilizers and neutralizers, and up to 5% by weight of conventional lubricants And a release agent and up to 5% by weight of conventional antiblocking agents are also provided.

The special form of the film is also by corona and / or flame and / or plasma pretreatment on the surface and / or by an oxidatively acting material and / or by a substance which can be attached or deposited, and / or Or) a substance mixture consisting of an oxidatively acting or attachable substance, for example a gas, or a nitrogen (N ₂ ) and / or oxygen (O ₂ ) having a radical component such as ozone It can be treated with a plasma-excited gas mixture consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane having. In this regard the surface pretreatment is preferably carried out after a biaxial orientation.

The biaxial orientation of the present invention occurs at temperatures above the glass transition temperature for amorphous thermoplastics and below the microcrystalline melting point for partially crystalline thermoplastics.

The present invention also provides the use for the production of such films of certain biodegradable compostable polymers or mixtures of these polymers.

<Suitable polymer>

As a polymer

A) linear difunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, hexanediol or preferably butanediol, and / or optionally cycloaliphatic difunctional alcohols such as cyclohexanedimethanol, and optionally further small amounts of canal Functional alcohols such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also linear difunctional acids such as succinic or adipic acid and / or optionally cycloaliphatic difunctional acids, such as Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and / or optionally aromatic difunctional acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids such as trimellitic acid, or

B) acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units such as hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives thereof such as ε-caprolactone, or

Mixtures or copolymers of A) and B), wherein said aromatic acid constitutes up to 50% by weight of all acids

Aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters formed from are suitable.

The acid can also be used in derivative form, for example acid chlorides or esters.

As a polymer

C) linear difunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol and / or optionally cycloaliphatic difunctional alcohols such as cyclohexanedimethanol and optionally further small amounts of high functionality Alcohols such as 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also linear difunctional acids such as succinic acid or adipic acid and / or optionally alicyclic and / or aromatic difunctional acids Ester parts formed from, for example, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids such as trimellitic acid, or

D) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units such as hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives thereof such as ε-caprolactone, or

Mixtures or copolymers of C) and D), and

E) aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional isocyanates and optionally further highly functional isocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and optionally further linear and / or cycloaliphatic Reaction products of difunctional alcohols and / or high functional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol with C) and / or D) (the ester part C) and ( Or) the amount of D) is at least 75% by weight of C), D) and E)

Aliphatic polyester urethanes formed from are suitable.

As a polymer

F) linear difunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, preferably butanediol and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional alcohols such as cyclohexanedimethanol and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, For example 1,2,3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also linear difunctional acids such as succinic acid or adipic acid and / or optionally alicyclic difunctional acids such as cyclohexanedica Ester moieties formed from carboxylic acids and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids, such as trimellitic acid, or

G) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units such as hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives thereof such as ε caprolactone, or

Mixtures or copolymers of F) and G), and

H) The amount of carbonate moieties (the above ester moieties F) and / or G) prepared from aromatic difunctional phenols, preferably bisphenol A, and carbonate donors such as phosgene is F), G) and H) more than 70% by weight of agreement)

Aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates formed from are suitable.

As a polymer

I) linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, hexanediol or butanediol, preferably butanediol or cyclohexanedimethanol and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, for example 1,2 , 3-propanetriol or neopentyl glycol, and also linear and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, preferably adipic acid and optionally Further an ester moiety formed from a small amount of a high functional acid, for example trimellitic acid, or

K) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units such as hydroxybutyric acid or hydroxyvaleric acid or derivatives thereof such as ε-caprolactone, or

Mixtures or copolymers of I) and K), and

L) linear and / or alicyclic difunctional amines and optionally further small amounts of high functional amines such as tetramethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, isophorone diamine, and also linear and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional acids And optionally further an amide moiety formed from a small amount of a high functional acid, such as succinic acid or adipic acid, or

M) an amide moiety formed from an acid functionalized and amine functionalized structural unit, preferably ω-laurolactam, particularly preferably ε-caprolactam, or

Mixture of L) and M) as amide moiety (the amount of ester moiety I) and / or K) is at least 30% by weight of sum of I), K), L) and M)

Aliphatic polyester amides formed from are suitable.

The biodegradable compostable raw materials according to the present invention may contain up to 5% by weight of nucleating agents (e.g., 1,5-naphthalenedisosulfonate or sheet silicates, e.g. talc, or particle size, typically used for polyesters. In the nano range, i.e., a nucleating agent consisting of titanium nitride, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate or zirconium compound), up to 5% by weight of conventional stabilizers and neutralizing agents, up to 5% by weight Conventional lubricants and demolding agents and up to 5% by weight of conventional antiblocking agents may be provided, possibly by corona, flame or plasma pretreatment on the surface or by materials which act oxidatively, for example gas or ozone for example a mixture or a material having the same radical component instance, nitrogen (N ₂₎ and (or) oxygen (O ₂₎ consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane having a Las t-can be treated by the excited gas mixture.

Conventional compounds having the effect of stabilizing the polyester compound can be used by stabilizers and neutralizing agents. The amount of these compounds added is at most 5% by weight.

As stabilizers phenolic stabilizers, alkali / alkaline earth stearate and / or alkali / alkaline earth carbonates are particularly suitable. Phenol stabilizers are preferred in amounts of 0 to 3% by weight, in particular 0.15 to 0.3% by weight and molar masses of more than 500 g / mol. Pentaerythryl-tetrakis-3 (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate or 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5- Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene is particularly advantageous.

The neutralizing agent is preferably dihydrotalcite, calcium stearate, calcium carbonate and / or calcium montanate having an average particle size of 0.7 μm or less, anhydrous particle size of less than 10 μm, and a specific surface area of 40 m 2 / g or more.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the film of the invention the proportion of nucleating agent is 0.0001 to 2% by weight and the proportion of stabilizer and neutralizer is 0.0001 to 2% by weight.

Lubricants and mold release agents are higher aliphatic amides, tertiary amines, aliphatic acid amides, higher aliphatic acid esters, low molecular weight polar modified waxes, montan waxes, cyclic waxes, phthalates, metallic soaps and also silicone oils. Addition of higher aliphatic acid amides and silicone oils is particularly suitable.

Among the aliphatic amides, the commercial form of ethylene amide relative to stearyl amide is particularly suitable. Aliphatic acid amides are amides of water-insoluble monocarboxylic acids (so-called fatty acids) having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Of these, erucic acid amide, stearic acid amide and oleic acid amide are preferred.

Also suitable as release agents or lubricants are compounds which contain both ester groups and amide groups such as, for example, stearamide ethyl stearate or 2-steaamido ethyl stearate.

The term "montane wax" includes a number of different compounds. In this regard, see Neumueller et al., Roempps Chemie-Lexikon, Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, 1974.

As the cyclic wax, for example, a component such as cyclic adipic acid tetramethylene ester or 1,6-dioxa-2,7-dioxocyclododecane, or a cognate hexamethylene derivative is suitable. Such materials are known as commercially available products under the name Glycolube VL.

Suitable silicone oils are polydialkyl siloxanes, preferably polydimethyl siloxanes, polymethyl phenyl siloxanes, olefin modified silicones, for example silicones modified with polyethers such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and also epoxyamino modifications. And alcohol modified silicone. Suitable viscosity of silicone oil is 5,000 to 1,000,000 mm 2 / s. Polydimethyl siloxanes having a viscosity of 10,000 to 100,000 mm 2 / s are preferred.

The amount of lubricant added is up to 5% by weight. In a particularly preferred film embodiment the lubricant proportion is from 0.005 to 4% by weight. In a particularly particularly preferred film embodiment the lubricant ratio is from 0.05 to 1% by weight.

Suitable antiblocking agents are inorganic and organic addition materials which, after biaxial stretching, protrude from the raised surface of the film to enhance the spacer effect.

Preferred forms of aluminum hydroxide; Aluminum silicates such as kaolin or kaolin clay; Aluminum oxides such as O-aluminum oxide; Aluminum sulfate; Ceramics made of silica aluminum oxide; Barium sulfate; Natural and synthetic silicic acid; Sheet silicates such as asbestos; Silicon dioxide; Calcium carbonate of the calcite type; Calcium phosphate, magnesium silicate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ultra-small glass beads are used as inorganic antiblocking agents, starch; Polystyrenes, polyamides, polycarbonates, crosslinked and uncrosslinked polymethyl methacrylates, crosslinked polysiloxanes (eg Tospearl), polar modified polyethylene (eg maleic anhydrides) Rafted polyethylene), polar modified polypropylene (eg, polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride); Random copolymers based on ethylene and propylene with vinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate or acrylic or acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters, or metallic salts of methacrylic acid or metallic salts of methacrylic acid esters; Benzoguanamine formaldehyde polymer; Aliphatic polyesters whose melting points are partially aromatic different from the melting points of the raw materials of the film; Aliphatic polyester amides whose melting points differ from the melting points of the raw materials of the film; Aliphatic polyester urethanes whose melting points differ from the melting points of the raw materials of the film; Organic polymerizers which are incompatible with biodegradable polymers such as aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates whose melting point differs from the melting point of the raw materials of the film are used as organic antiblocking agents.

The active amount of the antiblocking agent is at most 5% by weight or less. In a particularly preferred embodiment the film contains 0.005 to 4% by weight of antiblocking agent. In a very particularly preferred embodiment the film contains 0.05 to 1% by weight of antiblocking agent. The average particle size is 1 to 6 μm, in particular 2 to 5 μm and such spherical particles are described in EP-A-0 236 945 and DE-A-38 01 535 and are particularly suitable. In particular, mixtures of various spacer systems are also suitable.

According to the methods applied so far, organic or inorganic fillers are added in a desired amount by weight to the polymer for the film provided with the additive during the raw material manufacturing process. This is done during the granulation of the raw material, for example in a double screw extruder in which the additive is mixed into the raw material. In addition to this mode of addition, some or all of the essential additives may also be added to the raw material in the form of unadded or partially added master batches. The term "master batch" means, in the scope of the present invention, as an intermediate product in the preparation of a film containing a certain amount of additives, in particular in bulk processes (no additives added, or only partially added additives, Or as a material addition to incompletely added particulates), as understood herein means granulated dust-free concentrates of plastic raw materials with large amounts of additives used. Prior to filling the polymer microparticles into the extruder, the master batch is mixed in an amount to which the desired filler weight percentage in the film is achieved, with no additives added or only partially added or incompletely added raw materials. do.

In addition to the additives, preferred materials for preparing the masterbatch are materials that are miscible with the biodegradable raw materials specified herein. In a particularly preferred form, in addition to the additive, the material from which the master batch is made is likewise a biodegradable material.

In the corona treatment procedure, the procedure is conveniently carried out by the film as a high electrode, typically a connection such as an AC voltage (about 5 to 20 kV and 5 to 30 mA), in which a spray discharge or a corona discharge is applied between the electrodes where the discharge may occur. It is the passage between two acting conductor components. As a result of the spray discharge or corona discharge, air on the film surface is ionized and reacts with molecules on the film surface, and also polar insertion occurs in the polymer matrix.

In the case of flame processing by polarizing flames (see US-A-4,622,237), an electric DC voltage is applied between the burner (cathode) and the cooling roller. The level of applied voltage is 400 to 3,000 V, preferably 500 to 2,000 V. As a result of the applied voltage, the ionized atoms have increased acceleration, striking the surface of the polymer with higher kinetic energy. Chemical bonds within the polymer molecule are more easily broken so that radical formation proceeds more quickly. In this regard, the heat loading of the polymer is much less than in the case of standard flame treatment, and a film can be obtained in which the sealability on the treated side is much better than that on the untreated side.

In the case of plasma pretreatment, gases, for example oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, halogenated hydrocarbons, silane compounds, higher molecular weight compounds or also mixtures of such compounds, can be irradiated with high energy fields, for example microwave irradiation, in low pressure chambers. Let's do it. High-energy electrons are generated, striking molecules to transfer the energy of these electrons. As a result, radical structures occur locally such that the excited state of these structures corresponds to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, although the plasma itself is present at almost room temperature. As a result, the chemical bonds can be broken down and the reaction can be set up in a motion that can only normally proceed at high temperatures. Monomer radicals and ions are formed. Short-chain oligomers are formed (already partially in plasma) from the elevated monomer radicals and then condensed and polymerized on the surface to be coated. As a result, a homogeneous film is deposited on the material to be coated.

However, before the monomer radicals or ions are deposited on the substrate, further mass flux can also be added to the excited molecules in the so-called after-glow zone. This means that when striking the polymer film surface, a substance or mixture of substances can be formed which in the case of the base polymer elevates the oxidative attack. Many highly crosslinked transparent layers are formed which are firmly connected to the film surface. In the case of suitable material compositions, the surface tension on the film is increased by this means.

The present invention also provides the use of a biodegradable compostable polymer of a particular material class for producing a film, which is a polyester amide for that material class. In this regard, the films according to the invention can be produced from polyester amides or from mixtures of various polyester amides.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a film according to the present invention. The process according to the invention first breaks the biodegradable compostable material (s) by acting heat and shear, drains the melt from the vessel, cools until solidified, and then, in the case of partially crystalline materials, a microcrystalline melting point. The temperature is controlled to the following temperature, and in the case of the amorphous material, it is characterized by adjusting to a temperature exceeding the glass transition temperature, followed by one or several biaxial stretching. After the stretching step (s), film fixing may optionally be carried out in each case. After the stretching process and possibly a potent fixing step, the films produced in succession may possibly be surface pretreated in-line. The pretreatment may be by corona, flame, plasma, or by an oxidizing substance, or a substance having a radical component such as ozone, for example a mixture of gases, or for example nitrogen (N ₂ ) and / or oxygen ( With a plasma-excited gas mixture consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane with O ₂ ), it can be carried out in such a way as to increase the surface tension on the film.

The present invention also provides a method for stretching the film. Biaxial stretching may be carried out in a simultaneous stretching process or in a two-stage continuous process, so that first stretching in the longitudinal direction and then stretching in the transverse direction may also be first stretching in the transverse direction and then stretching in the longitudinal direction, or By being carried out in a three-step continuous process, it can be first drawn in the longitudinal direction, then in the transverse direction and finally in the longitudinal direction, and also first in the transverse direction, then in the longitudinal direction and finally in the transverse direction. Can be stretched in the longitudinal direction, or can be carried out in a four-step continuous process, first stretching in the longitudinal direction, then stretching in the transverse direction, stretching in the longitudinal direction, and finally stretching in the transverse direction. Stretch in the longitudinal direction, stretch in the transverse direction and finally in the longitudinal direction You can stretch. Following each individual stretching, the film can possibly be fixed immediately. Individual stretching can be carried out in one or several stages in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.

In a preferred form of the film according to the invention, biaxial stretching is characterized in that it is a continuous process initiated by longitudinal stretching.

In a still more preferred form of the film according to the invention, the biaxial stretching is characterized in that the total stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is from 1: 1.5 to 1:10 and the total stretching ratio in the lateral direction is from 1: 2 to 1:20.

In a still more preferred form of the film according to the invention, the biaxial stretching is characterized in that the total stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is from 1: 2.8 to 1: 8 and the total stretching ratio in the lateral direction is from 1: 3.8 to 1:15.

In still more preferred forms of the film according to the invention, the thickness is less than 500 μm.

In a still more preferred form of the film according to the invention, the thickness is less than 80 μm.

The invention also provides for the application of the film according to the invention. As a single film in pretreated or untreated form or in printed or unprinted form as a single film for packaging in the food and non-food sectors, or as a single film in pretreated or unpretreated form in the field of horticulture or agriculture Single film for the formation of a sack for greenhouse cover or mulch film, or for finishing the storage and transport of materials, for example biological waste, or in pretreated or unpretreated form. As a single film for protection and separation functions associated with, for example, cosmetics and hygiene products for nappies or sanitary towels, or as single films in pretreated or untreated form. For surface protection or surface finishing of window-envelope laminated applications, or pretreated or pretreated That form and also as a finished film which can be used as a non-printed or printed form, and also the use of labels or adhesive tape as the film of the present invention provided with an adhesive is considered as an application method. In view of improving pressure adhesiveness or adhesion, the film surface is a material having a radical component, such as corona, flame, plasma or another oxidizing material or ozone, during manufacture and / or for further continuous processing, for example Pretreatment in such a way that the surface tension is increased by a mixture of gases or by a plasma-excited gas mixture consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane with nitrogen (N ₂ ) and / or oxygen (O ₂ ), for example. Can be.

The invention also provides the application of the film according to the invention as a coated film or in a composite film. In this connection, in the case of the remaining films of the composite, they may be non-degradable films or also biodegradable compostable films as well. In addition, the coating materials or adhesives used may be suitable for both non-degradable normal systems and biodegradable compostable raw materials.

In a particularly preferred application form of the film according to the invention, only biodegradable and compostable materials are used for the production of coated or composite films, such that the entire composite is likewise biodegradable and compostable.

The invention also provides the application of the film according to the invention as a first material for the production of a bag which discharges the contents of the bag after decomposition as a result of the biodegradation process. The bag can be made by adhesive bonding and also by sealing of the film and can be closed or have an opening with a suitable seal or connection.

The invention also provides the application of the film or composite according to the invention as a first material for the production of a packaging, separating or surface protective film having a significantly high water vapor permeability, wherein the film is a cooled or temperature controlled needle roller ( perforated by needle roller). The end use of the film is in the packaging of moisture emitting products, for example bread or various kinds of vegetables, or as a separation and protective film in the sanitary field.

<Example 1>

Melt viscosity is 250 Pas at 190 ° C. (measured according to DIN 54 811-B), melting point is 125 ° C. according to ISO 3146 / C2, lubricant ratio is 1% by weight, antiblocking agent ratio is 0.1% % Biodegradable polyester amide was biaxially stretched with the following process parameters. Maximum extrusion-temperature was 205 ° C. Thus, the constant temperature zone of the extruder was adjusted up to 182 ° C. and the vessel was adjusted up to 205 ° C. The melt was cooled as a flat film on a chill roller mill at a roller temperature of 20 ° C. A thick solid film was formed which was heated to below the draw temperature in a continuous process step using a constant temperature roller at a temperature of 65 ° C. The actual draw roller was operated at a temperature of 70 ° C. In this process, the flat film was first stretched in two stages to the ratio of 1: 1.5 in the longitudinal direction, and then to the ratio of 1: 2.5. Therefore, the total draw ratio in the longitudinal direction was 1: 3.75. Subsequently, the temperature of the reheat roller at which the film proceeded above was 85 ° C. The preheat zone of the transverse stretching furnace was adjusted to 100 ° C. The temperature of the actual lateral stretch was 95 ° C. Here, the film was stretched to the ratio of 1: 5 in the transverse direction. Therefore, the calculated area-draw ratio was 1: 18.75. After transverse stretching, the film was fixed at 105 ° C. The production speed at the outlet of the transverse stretching was 32.0 m / min. A 46 μm thick film could be produced.

<Example 2>

The same biodegradable polyester amide obtained from Example 1 was operated under the process conditions of Example 1 described to form a biaxially oriented film. As a result of the deceleration of the extrusion speed, in this case, a film having a thickness of 24 μm was produced.

<Comparative Example 1>

The same, but without lubricating, biodegradable polyester amides obtained from Example 1 were operated under the process conditions of Example 1 described to form biaxially stretched films. A film of 50 μm thick could be produced.

The following physical and compost properties were measured for the prepared samples as follows:

<Mechanical characteristic>

Mechanical variables constituted by tear resistance and elongation at tear were measured in both the longitudinal and transverse directions in accordance with DIN 53 455 with respect to the specimen. Elastic modulus in the longitudinal and transverse directions were measured according to DIN 53 457. The thickness of the individual specimens was measured according to DIN 53 370. To determine the puncture force and the puncture distance, the specimens were analyzed by a biaxial puncture test according to DIN 53 373.

<Slip possibility>

The slipability of the film was measured at room temperature and film-against-film according to DIN 53 370.

<Optical property>

For the optical properties of the film, the surface glossiness was measured at a test angle of 20 ° according to DIN 67 530 and the haze was measured according to ASTM D 1003. Glossiness was measured on both sides of the film. The values identified in this method were then averaged and this average is presented as a result.

<Compostability>

Composting was measured according to the test specifications of 1996 DIN Ultra High Standard DIN 54 900, Part 3. Based on the results of the study, the film specimens are graded according to the DIN standard.

Table 1 shows the results of the investigations on the samples obtained from Examples 1 and 2 and from Comparative Example 1.

Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Mechanical properties Thickness [μm] 46 24 50 Longitudinal Elastic Modulus [MPa] 226 252 230 Transverse Elastic Modulus [MPa] 292 306 295 Longitudinal tear resistance [MPa] 90 91 89 Transverse tear resistance [MPa] 109 111 108 Elongation at Longitudinal Tear [%] 224 186 231 Elongation at transverse tear [%] 111 75 109 Drilling Force [N] 227 151 238 Drilling distance [mm] 18 16 19 Sliding Sliding Friction [-] 0.38 0.38 0.78 Optical Glossiness [GE] 110 120 125 Haze [%] 14 3.3 12 Compostable Biodegradable Biodegradable Biodegradable Biodegradable

Claims (18)

Substantially, it consists of at least one polymer that is all biodegradable and compostible, and also contains up to 5% by weight of nucleating agents, up to 5% by weight of conventional stabilizers and neutralizers, up to 5% by weight of conventional lubricants and A film further comprising a release agent and up to 5% by weight of conventional antiblocking agent, wherein the film is biaxially oriented. The method of claim 1, further comprising: by a corona and / or flame and / or plasma pretreatment on the surface and / or by a substance capable of attaching or depositing by and / or by an oxidatively acting substance and / or Or) treated with a mixture of substances consisting of a substance that can act or attach oxidatively. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biodegradable polymer (s) A) linear difunctional alcohols and / or optionally alicyclic difunctional alcohols and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, and also linear difunctional acids and / or optionally alicyclic difunctional acids and / or ) Optionally, an aromatic difunctional acid and optionally further a small amount of high functional acid, or B) acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units or derivatives thereof, or Mixtures or copolymers of A) and B), wherein said aromatic acid constitutes up to 50% by weight of all acids Aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters formed from, or C) linear difunctional alcohols and / or optionally alicyclic difunctional alcohols and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, and also linear difunctional acids and / or optionally alicyclic and / or aromatic transfers. Ester moieties formed from functional acids and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids, or D) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units or derivatives thereof, or Mixtures or copolymers of C) and D), and E) aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional isocyanates and optionally further highly functional isocyanates and optionally further linear and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional alcohols and / or highly functional alcohols with C) and / or D The amount of the reaction product of the above (the ester part C) and / or D) is at least 75% by weight of the sum of C), D) and E) Aliphatic polyester urethanes formed from, or F) linear difunctional alcohols and / or alicyclic difunctional alcohols and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, and also linear difunctional acids and / or optionally, alicyclic difunctional acids and optionally further small amounts Ester moieties formed from highly functional acids of G) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units or derivatives thereof, or Mixtures or copolymers of F) and G), and H) carbonate moieties prepared from aromatic difunctional phenol and carbonate donors (the amount of carbonate moieties F) and / or G) is at least 70% by weight of the sum of F), G) and H) Aliphatic-aromatic polyester carbonates formed from I) an ester moiety formed from linear and / or cycloaliphatic alcohols and optionally further small amounts of high functional alcohols, and also linear and / or cycloaliphatic difunctional acids and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids, or K) ester moieties formed from acid functionalized and alcohol functionalized structural units or derivatives thereof, or Mixtures or copolymers of I) and K), and L) linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional amines and optionally further small amounts of high functional amines, and also amide moieties formed from linear and / or cycloaliphatic bifunctional acids and optionally further small amounts of high functional acids, or M) an amide moiety formed from an acid functionalized and amine functionalized structural unit, or Mixture of L) and M) as amide moiety (the amount of ester moiety I) and / or K) is at least 30% by weight of sum of I), K), L) and M) Aliphatic polyester amide formed from Films formed from aliphatic and partially aromatic polyesters. 4. The film according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable and compostable polymer (s) are polyester amides. The film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lubricant ratio is 0.005 to 4% by weight, and the ratio of the antiblocking agent particles is 0.005 to 4% by weight. The film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lubricant ratio is 0.05 to 1% by weight, and the ratio of the antiblocking agent particles is 0.05 to 1% by weight. 7. The biodegradable and compostable material (s) of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable and compostable material (s) are first destroyed by heat and shear, the melt is discharged from the vessel and cooled until it solidifies and then partially In the case of crystalline materials, the temperature is adjusted to a temperature below the microcrystalline melting point, in the case of amorphous materials, the temperature is exceeded above the glass transition temperature, and then biaxially stretched once or several times, and possibly after the stretching process or the individual stretching process. Is fixed and possibly surface pretreated after these stretching and fixing steps. 8. The biaxial stretching according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the biaxial stretching is carried out in a simultaneous stretching process or in a two-stage continuous process, whereby stretching in the longitudinal direction first and then stretching in the transverse direction is carried out, and also in the transverse direction. It can then be stretched in the longitudinal direction, or carried out in a three-step continuous process, first stretching in the longitudinal direction and then stretching in the transverse direction and finally stretching in the longitudinal direction, and also stretching in the transverse direction first and then in the longitudinal direction. Stretching in the longitudinal direction and finally in the transverse direction, or by carrying out in a four-step continuous process, first stretching in the longitudinal direction, then stretching in the transverse direction, stretching in the longitudinal direction and finally stretching in the transverse direction, In addition, it is first stretched in the transverse direction, then stretched in the longitudinal direction, then stretched in the transverse direction and finally Film in a longitudinal direction, each individual stretching possibly being carried out immediately after fixing the film. The film according to claim 1, wherein the biaxial stretching is carried out in a continuous process initiated by longitudinal stretching. The film according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the total draw ratio in the longitudinal direction is 1: 1.5 to 1:10, and the total draw ratio in the lateral direction is 1: 2 to 1:20. The film according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the total draw ratio in the longitudinal direction is 1: 2.8 to 1: 8, and the total draw ratio in the lateral direction is 1: 3.8 to 1:15. The film according to claim 1, wherein the film thickness is less than 500 μm. The film according to claim 1, wherein the film thickness is less than 80 μm. As a sole film in pretreated or untreated form and also in printed or unprinted form, for packaging in the food and non-food sectors, or as a sole film in pretreated or unpretreated form, in the field of horticulture or agriculture For the formation of a sack for the greenhouse cover or mulch film, or for the storage and transport of goods, or in pretreated or untreated form and also in printed or unprinted form As a sole film in the form, for the protection and separation functions associated with cosmetics and hygiene products, or as a sole film in a pretreated or untreated form, cardboard lamination, paper lamination and window-envelope lamination For surface protection or surface finishing of the field, or for pretreated or unpretreated forms and also phosphorus Use of the film according to any one of claims 1 to 13 as a finished film in printed or unprinted form, and also as a label or adhesive tape provided with an adhesive. For the production of coated films or composites or laminates consisting of the same or different biodegradable and compostable films, or other films of a non-biodegradable type, in which the coating material or adhesive used need not be biodegradable and compostable. Use of a film according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for use together. The coating material and the adhesive used in all films and composites or laminates or in coated films are biodegradable and compostable, so that the composite or laminate itself is also biodegradable and compostable. Use of film. Use of the film according to any one of claims 1 to 13, 15 and 16, characterized in that a bag which discharges the contents of the bag after degradation as a result of the biodegradation process is formed from the film, or a composite or laminate. . The film or composite according to the invention acts as a first material for the manufacture of a packaging, separating or protective film having a significantly high water vapor permeability, wherein the film is perforated by a cooled or temperature controlled needle roller. Use of the film according to any one of claims 1 to 13, 15 and 16.