KR19990079376A - Semi-dry feed preparation method of food wastes using microorganism - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing semi-dry feed of food wastes using microorganisms, and removes the bulky vinyl by passing the collected food wastes through a bag separator, and then, using a specific gravity separator, a small piece of vinyl and a glass of the lower layer Separation of flakes and metals and washing of salts that are the cause of salt poisoning by water used at the same time, then taken out in a dark state, put into a dehydrator and dewatered to obtain food residues of cake state of about 60% moisture content After sterilization and drying by injecting it into a sterilization tank and heating at 80 ° C. for 2 hours or more by using an indirect heating method using high temperature steam, a powdery food residue having a water content of about 40% was obtained and then transferred to a fermentation reaction tank, which was transferred to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304). ), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and Bacillus sp. by injection of microorganisms consisting of (HG730) After mixing homogeneously in the mixer in the fermentation reaction tank, and fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ~ 27 ℃, causing no environmental pollution, almost no odor generated, and easily handle food waste at low cost Not only could it be done, but it was possible to obtain economic effects by preparing food using food waste.

Description

Semi-dry feed preparation method of food wastes using microorganisms.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing semi-dry feed of food wastes using microorganisms, and more specifically, to remove the bulky vinyl by passing the collected food wastes through a bag separator, and then, using a specific gravity separator, small vinyls in the upper layer. After separating the pieces and glass pieces and metals of the lower layer, washing the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning by the water used, and then taking it out in the dark state, putting it into the dehydrator, and dehydrating the cake state with a moisture content of about 60%. The food wastes were added to the sterilization tank and heated at 80 ° C for 2 hours or more by indirect heating method using high temperature steam to sterilize and dry to obtain powdery food waste having a water content of about 40%, and then transfer it to the fermentation reaction tank. , Consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and Bacillus sp. (HG730) After spraying the microorganisms, the mixture is homogeneously mixed in the mixer and transferred to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 to 27 ℃ for a feed manufacturing method of the main food residues using microorganisms will be.

In general, a large amount of food waste is generated in each household or restaurant, which amounts to 25 to 35% of the total amount of household waste, and this food waste contains an excessive amount of water, which causes considerable cost and difficulty in processing. In addition, there was a problem that bad smell occurs when the organic matter of food waste is decomposed and various pathogens grow naturally, which greatly affects hygiene.

As a conventional food waste treatment method for solving the problems as described above, a method of incineration by using a landfill method and an incinerator is widely applied.

However, when burying food waste, a large amount of leachate is inevitably generated, which not only contaminates the surrounding environment but also groundwater, and causes economic problems due to securing and establishing a landfill.

In addition, the incineration of food waste requires a lot of energy due to the incineration of the nature of the wet waste, which incurs a lot of expenses and the harmful effects on the human body due to the generation of toxic substances such as dioxin when incorporating aromatic chemicals. Of course, there was a problem causing serious environmental pollution.

In addition, recently, a drying method for reducing the amount of food waste by forcibly drying the moisture contained in food waste by using a dryer, a method of recycling to fertilizer or feed, and a method of extinguishing food waste using microorganisms are proposed. It is becoming.

However, the drying method is causing secondary pollution problems due to the discharge of waste gas and waste water, which is harmful to the human body, and requires a large amount of water to be dried, which requires excessive costs, and recycles it as a fertilizer or feed and uses microorganisms. Therefore, in the method of extinguishing food waste, use is avoided due to severe odor generated when organic matter is decomposed, and its efficacy is not satisfactory, so it is rarely used in actual use. In particular, the composting method is positively evaluated in terms of recycling, but the degradation of the soil due to the accumulation of salinity in the residue has been raised as a problem.

As a method of using food waste as feed, pure drying method, dry fermentation method, wet grinding method and wet fermentation method are proposed, but pure drying method and dry fermentation method require enormous energy costs for the drying process. As a result, the maintenance cost is increased, so that not only does not have economic efficiency as a feed, but also a result of the concentration of salts in food wastes through the drying process, which may cause fatal poisoning in the livestock.

The wet grinding method and the wet fermentation method are considered to be an effective method because they are economic treatment methods and are less likely to cause poisoning, but the shelf life of the prepared feed is very short and the shelf life is also very short. There is a disadvantage that can not be satisfied.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is not only to facilitate the processing of food waste, but also to reduce the cost by recycling and use as feed, it is possible to achieve cost savings, but also to produce a semi-dry feed of food waste using food microorganisms based on microorganisms to have excellent shelf life. To provide a way.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a semi-dry feed of food wastes based on microorganisms prepared using the method of the above object.

In order to achieve the above object as well as another object that can be easily expressed in the present invention, the collected food waste is passed through the bag separator to remove the bulky vinyl, and then a small piece of vinyl in the upper layer using a specific gravity separator. After separating the glass fragments and metals from the lower layer and washing the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning by the water used at the same time, it is taken out in the dark state and put into the dehydrator and dehydrated to obtain a cake of about 60% moisture content. After obtaining food waste, it is sterilized and dried by indirect heating method using high temperature steam at 80 ℃ for 2 hours or more to obtain powdery food waste having a water content of about 40%, and then transferring it to a fermentation reaction tank. microbial consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp . (HG505) and Bacillus sp. (HG730) After spraying the mixture homogeneously in the mixer and transported to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ~ 27 ℃, causing no environmental pollution, almost no bad odor and food easily at low cost In addition to handling the residue, it was possible to obtain an economic effect by preparing food using food residue.

The present invention is described in more detail as follows.

Semi-dry feed production method of food wastes using microorganisms according to the present invention, after removing the bulky vinyl by passing the collected food wastes through the bag separator, small pieces of vinyl and glass pieces of the lower layer using a specific gravity separator and After separating the metals and washing the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning by the water used at the same time, it is taken out in the dark state, put into the dehydrator and dehydrated to obtain the food residue of the cake state of about 60% of moisture content. After sterilization and drying by indirect heating using high temperature steam at 80 ℃ for more than 2 hours, sterilized and dried to obtain powdery food waste having a water content of about 40%, and then transferring it to a fermentation reaction tank, where Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Mixed after spraying microorganism consisting of Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and Bacillus sp. (HG730) The mixture is homogeneously mixed in the air, transferred to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermented at a temperature of 23 to 27 ° C. for 20 to 48 hours to characterize the feed.

The microorganisms used in the present invention are aerobic or aerobic microorganisms that are easily separated from domestic soil, etc., and used as appropriately selected and combined in consideration of the properties of food waste and nutritional value as feeds.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304) is a yeast isolated from the soil of domestic grape (Campbell) orchards and grapes produced from the orchards as a separation source, and after adding sterile physiological saline to the separation source, After taking the supernatant and diluting, the diluting solution was obtained by pure separation by serial passage method by selecting a single colony while cultivating the diluted solution in YPD agar medium containing streptomycin. It contains some alcohol, which enhances the palatability of livestock for feed.

In addition, Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) is separated from the traditional fermented food kimchi and suckling infant feces as a separation source, after adding sterile physiological saline to the separation source to make a homogeneous solution, and then left the supernatant After diluting and diluting, the dilution solution was obtained by pure separation by serial passage method by selecting a single colony while cultivating in MRS agar medium. In the present invention, the organic matter contained in food waste is converted into lactic acid through fermentation process. It facilitates digestion and absorption, and activates the digestive system of livestock, inducing the action of intestines.

Bacillus sp. (HG730) is a isolate that has a variety of extracellular degrading enzyme production ability using domestic soil and traditional fermented foods, such as doenjang and cheonggukjang, as a separation source. After the solution was made, it was left to stand, the supernatant was taken, heated, sterilized, cooled and diluted, and the colonies formed by culturing the diluted solution in a nutritious agar medium were obtained by pure separation by continuous passage method. In the present invention, by producing and secreting a large amount of various organic extracellular enzymes to function to facilitate the digestion and absorption of organic matter contained in food waste.

In particular, the composition of the feed prepared by using a mixture of 30 to 60% by weight of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304) culture, 20 to 50% by weight of Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and 20 to 50% by weight of Bacillus sp. (HG730) culture Most preferred in terms of aspect.

In general, foreign matters included in food waste are vinyl, glass chips, metals, minerals, etc., and if such foreign matter is included in the feed, it is fatal to the livestock to be fed, so the selection process of the foreign matter contained in food waste is particularly important.

First, food waste collected at a general home or restaurant is passed through a bag separator to remove bulky vinyl, and then a small piece of vinyl is separated from glass fragments and metals in the lower layer using a specific gravity separator. At this time, the water used is also a washing operation of the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning. Then, the food wastes from which the foreign substances have been removed are taken out in a dark state and put into a dehydrator. At this time, the shredding process of the food waste is also performed in parallel, and the appearance of the food waste taken out through the dehydrator becomes a cake with a moisture content of about 60%.

Food waste passed through the dehydrator is put into a sterilization tank and heated at 80 ° C. for at least 2 hours by indirect heating using high temperature steam to sterilize and dry the previously propagated harmful microorganisms to obtain powdery food waste having a water content of about 40%.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505), and Bacillus mixed with 40% water content from the sterilization tank and cooled down to room temperature through the transfer process. After spraying the microorganism consisting of sp. (HG730) and then homogeneously mixed in a mixer and transferred to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ~ 27 ℃ to feed the food waste using the microorganism of the present invention A semi-dry feed from the presidency was obtained.

As described above, the present invention inoculates Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and Bacillus sp. By converting the food waste into feed having a nutritional value suitable for livestock, the fermentation process proceeds by controlling the initial moisture content in the pretreatment process of food waste, which leads to semi-dry fermentation, significantly reducing the possibility of poisoning and storing And feeds with improved shelf life and significantly reduced maintenance costs.

Bag separator, specific gravity separator and dehydrator are used in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, the temperature and drying time in the dryer can be appropriately changed according to the properties and water content of the food waste technology Those skilled in the art will be able to easily deduce.

The fermenter is fermented at a temperature of 23-27 ℃ for 20-48 hours to convert it into a substance that is easily digested and absorbed through the decomposition and fermentation of food waste by microorganisms, so that it contains appropriate nutrients and enhances palatability of livestock. You get a feed.

If the temperature of the fermentation tank is less than 23 ℃, the growth of microorganisms are not enough to feed easily or takes too much time to feed, and if the temperature exceeds 27 ℃, abnormal fermentation of food waste occurs or economical If the fermentation time is less than 20 hours, the fermentation is weak, and the feed is not fully achieved. If the fermentation time exceeds 48 hours, the fermentation efficiency is not economical due to the excess time.

In addition to the feed additives commonly used in the feed prepared as described above, it is also possible to add a suitable amount of feed of a commonly used livestock.

The following examples illustrate the invention in more detail, but do not limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1 Isolation of Yeast

As a yeast isolated from the soil of domestic grape (Campbell) orchard and grapes produced from the orchard as a separation source, 100 ml of sterilized physiological saline is added to 10 g of the separation source, shaken, and made a homogeneous solution by grinding. After standing at room temperature for 1 hour, 1 ml of the supernatant was diluted to 10 ^-3 by the decimal dilution method, and the diluted solution was plated on a YPD agar medium having the following composition with 50 µg / ml of streptomycin and 3 at 28 ° C. During the daily cultivation, a single colony was selected and purely separated by serial passaging to obtain yeast. The isolated yeast was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), and the isolated yeast was deposited with Korea Gene Bank on March 30, 1998. (Accession No .: KCTC-8882P).

* YPD agar badge

Yeast extract 1%

Peptone 2%

Glucose 2%

Example 2. Cultivation of Yeast

10 g of NH ₄ Cl, 1.5 g of KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.5 g of MgSO ₄ , 0.5 g of KCl, and 10 mg of thiamin are dissolved in 1 L of water, 200 g of molasses is added thereto, followed by sterilization for use as a minimum medium. . At this time, the pH is adjusted to 6.5 using NH ₄ OH, the air injection amount is injected through the sterilization filter at 2ℓ / min. Inoculate 50 ml of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304) culture solution incubated for 12 hours at 30 ° C. in advance, and then incubate at 30 ° C. for 8 hours. While analyzing the concentration of the carbon source in the incubator, the sterilized molasses and yeast extract solution is further incubated for 24 hours in a fed-batch culture in which the fermenter is incubated with the carbon source and the nitrogen source. After supplying the carbon source and the nitrogen source, the culture was completed for 2 hours under the same conditions, and the culture was terminated by stopping the operation of the fermenter, and about 100 g of the cells were obtained by centrifugation in the culture solution.

Example 3. Isolation of Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria

Traditional fermented food Kimchi and suckling infant feces were separated as a separate source, and 100ml of sterilized physiological saline was added to 10g of the separating source, shaken and ground to make a homogeneous solution, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour. Take 1 ml of the solution and dilute it to 10 ^-3 by 10 ^- degree dilution method, spread the diluted solution on MRS agar medium having the following composition, and incubate the plated medium at 25 ° C for 1 week to select a single colony by continuous passage method. Lactic acid producing bacteria were obtained by pure separation, and the obtained lactic acid producing bacteria was identified as Lactobacillus sp. (HG505), and deposited on March 30, 1998 with the Korea Gene Bank (Accession Number: KCTC-8881P).

* MRS agar medium

Bacterium Proteases Peptone # 3 1%

Bakto Beef Extract 1%

Bacto East Extract 0.5%

Glucose 2%

Sorbitan monooleate 0.1%

Ammonium Citrate 0.2%

Sodium acetate 0.5%

Magnesium sulfate 0.01%

Manganese Sulfate 0.01%

Disodium phosphate 0.2%

Example 4 Cultivation of Lactic Acid Producing Bacteria

In order to cultivate the lactic acid-producing bacteria isolated in Example 3 in large quantities, 10 g of peptone, 10 g of beef extract, 5 g of yeast extract, 20 g of glucose, 0.5 g of KH ₂ PO _4, 0.5 g of MgSO _{4, and} 0.5 g of KCl were dissolved in 1 l of water. Sterilized and used as a medium. At this time, the pH is adjusted to 6.5 using NH ₄ OH, and the air injection amount is injected through a sterile filter at 1ℓ / min. After inoculating 50 ml of Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) culture medium incubated for 12 hours at 30 ° C. for 12 hours, the cells were cultured at 30 ° C. at 250 rpm for 48 hours and centrifuged to obtain the cells. .

Example 5 Isolation of Bacillus

It is isolated from domestic soil and traditional fermented foods such as Doenjang and Cheonggukjang as separate sources, and has the ability to produce a variety of extracellular degrading enzymes. After standing for 1 hour, 1 ml of the supernatant was taken and transferred to a sterilized test tube, heated at 80 ° C. for 2 hours, sterilized, cooled to room temperature, diluted to 10 ^-3 by decimal dilution method, and diluted solution was nutrient agar of the following composition. The colonies were formed by smearing the medium and incubating at 30 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain pure separation by serial passage method. The isolated bacterium was identified as Bacillus sp. (HG730), and as of March 30, 1998. Deposited to Korea Gene Bank (Accession Number: KCTC-8877P).

Example 6 Cultivation of Bacillus

In order to incubate the bacillus isolated in Example 5 in a large amount, 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, 20 g of glucose, 0.5 g of KH ₂ PO _4, 0.5 g of MgSO _4, 0.5 g of KCl were dissolved in 1 L of water, sterilized by minimal media. Used. At this time, the pH is adjusted to 6.5 using NH ₄ OH, and the air injection amount is injected through a sterile filter at 1ℓ / min. Inoculate 50 ml of Bacillus sp. (HG730) culture medium incubated for 12 hours at 30 ° C. in advance, and then incubate for 8 hours at 400 rpm at 30 ° C. While analyzing the concentration of the carbon source in the incubator, the sterilized glucose solution and peptone solution are further incubated for 24 hours in a fed-batch culture in which the fermenter is incubated with the carbon source and the nitrogen source. After supplying the carbon source and the nitrogen source, the culture was completed for 2 hours under the same conditions and the fermenter was stopped. The culture was terminated, and about 50 g of the cells were obtained by centrifugation in the culture solution.

Example 7. Foreign body sorting and dehydration process of food waste

The food waste collected at home or restaurant is passed through the bag separator to remove the bulky vinyl, and then the small piece of vinyl is separated from the small pieces of glass in the upper layer and the glass pieces and metals in the lower layer using a specific gravity separator. After washing the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning by, the food waste from which foreign substances have been removed is taken out in a dark state and put into a dehydrator. At this time, the shredding process of the food waste is also performed in parallel, and the appearance of the food waste taken out through the dehydrator becomes a cake with a moisture content of about 60%.

Example 8 Sterilization and Drying Process of Food Waste

Food waste passed through the dehydrator is put into a sterilization tank and heated at 80 ° C. for at least 2 hours by indirect heating using high temperature steam to sterilize and dry the previously propagated harmful microorganisms to obtain powdery food waste having a water content of about 40%.

Example 9 Fermentation Process of Food Waste

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505), and Bacillus mixed with 40% water content from the sterilization tank and cooled down to room temperature through the transfer process. After spraying the microorganism consisting of sp. (HG730) and then homogeneously mixed in a mixer and transferred to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ~ 27 ℃ to feed the food waste using the microorganism of the present invention A semi-dry feed from the presidency was obtained.

The results of analyzing the composition of the prepared feed are shown in Table 9 below.

Table 9. Composition Analysis Results of Semi-Dried Foods Residing in Food Wastes

ingredient Crude protein Crude fat View minutes Crude fiber calcium sign salt content(%) 20.14 17.00 6.48 9.52 0.20 1.58 1.19

As described above, in the present invention, the collected food waste is passed through the bag separator to remove the bulky vinyl, and then water is used while separating small pieces of vinyl from the upper layer, glass fragments and metals from the lower layer using a specific gravity separator. After washing the salt which is the cause of salt poisoning by the salt, take it out into a dark state, put it into a dehydrator, and dehydrate it to obtain food waste of cake state of about 60% moisture content, and inject it into a sterilization tank to indirectly use high temperature steam. subjected to sterilization with dry heat for 2 hours or more at 80 ℃ hameuroseo the heating method obtained a powdery food particles of the water content to 40%, and then, but transfer them as a fermentation reaction tank, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) and Bacillus sp (HG730), after spraying the microorganism consisting of a homogeneous mixture in the mixer and transferred to the fermentation reaction tank Next, it is fermented for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ~ 27 ℃, causing no environmental pollution, almost no odor, and can easily handle food waste at low cost, as well as feed using food waste Economic effects were obtained by manufacturing.

Claims (6)

After removing the bulky vinyl from the collected food waste through the bag separator, the small vinyl fragment in the upper layer and the glass fragments and metals in the lower layer are separated. After washing the salt, it is taken out in a dark state and put into a dehydrator and dehydrated to obtain food waste in the form of cake.Then, it is put into a sterilization tank and sterilized and dried by indirect heating method using high temperature steam to remove powdered food waste. Then, it was transferred to a fermentation reaction tank, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304) (accession number: KCTC-8882P), Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) (accession number: KCTC-8881P) and Bacillus sp. (HG730) (accession number: KCTC -8877P) microorganisms, characterized in that by injecting a microorganism consisting of a homogeneous mixture in a mixer and then to the fermentation reaction tank, and then fermentation The method of semi-dry feed food waste yonghan presiding. The method of claim 1, wherein the food residue of the cake state is a semi-dry feed production method of the food residues using the microorganism, characterized in that the moisture content is 60%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the powdered food waste is 40%. According to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the microorganism is characterized in that 30 to 60% by weight of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HG304) culture, 20 to 50% by weight of Lactobacillus sp. (HG505) culture and 20 to 50% by weight of Bacillus sp. (HG730) culture. Semi-dry feed production method of food wastes using microorganisms. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation is carried out for 20 to 48 hours at a temperature of 23 to 27 ℃ the semi-dry feed production method of the food residues using the microorganism. A semi-dry food based on food waste using microorganisms prepared by the method of claim 1.