KR19980043029A - Emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to emulsion fuels.

The present invention comprises a mixture of 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of anionic surfactant, 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide and 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight of methyl chloride in a ratio of 10 to 50% by weight to a conventional combustible oil. It is an emulsion fuel characterized by the above-mentioned.

Emulsion fuels such as these can optimize combustion to reduce emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and have high combustion efficiency, resulting in energy savings, and simply eliminating the need for regulating devices to maintain a constant fuel oil / water mixture. Used for medium and large boilers.

Description

Emulsion fuel

The present invention relates to emulsion fuels. More specifically, it relates to an emulsion fuel made by mixing water containing special components with combustible conventional oil to optimize combustion of the fuel.

Up to now, most of the fuels that have been mainly used in domestic industries have been mainly made of bunker oil and fossil fuels, but when these fuels are combusted, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and dust Pollutants such as these have been discharged and have become the main cause of polluting a pleasant environment.

Therefore, the government proposes the use of high-grade fuels such as gas, kerosene, and diesel to reduce air pollutants such as urban areas, and is not only forced by the law, but also to reduce pollutants in the air environment. In addition to diversified research, development projects for alternative fuels and devices have been actively carried out.

However, the use of such a high-grade fuel is not only expensive, but there is not enough reduction of the emission of pollutants, and it cannot be said that it greatly contributes to energy saving.

Recently, many studies on the use of emulsion fuels in which water is mixed with fuel oil as part of the anti-pollution measures have been conducted. It has been found that emulsion fuels have a significant effect on energy efficiency and pollution prevention.

The advantages in terms of combustion of emulsion fuels are as follows. There are two types of emulsion fuels in which water is mixed with fuel oil: oil-in-water type containing fine water droplets in oil and oil-in-water type containing fine oil in water. Emulsions used for combustion are generally water-in-oil type. Used. Such water-in-oil emulsion fuel has the advantage that the water vapor during combustion to break the oil small to increase the surface area of the oil, thereby increasing the contact area between the oil and air to perform a complete combustion.

However, in order to achieve such an effect, the emulsion fuel must maintain an optimum fuel oil / water ratio to keep the emulsion in a stable state. In particular, when the combustion load of a boiler or the like is fluctuated, it is necessary to adjust the optimum state for the fuel oil / water mixing ratio.

Accordingly, the present invention optimizes combustion during combustion of fuel to reduce emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and has a large combustion efficiency, thereby saving energy and requiring a special regulating device to maintain a constant oil / water mixing ratio. It simply provides emulsion fuel for use in small, medium and large boilers.

The present invention comprises a mixture of 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of anionic surfactant, 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide and 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight of methyl chloride in a ratio of 10 to 50% by weight to a conventional combustible oil. It is an emulsion fuel characterized by the above-mentioned.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention relates to a conventional combustible oil in a proportion of 10 to 50% by weight of a mixture containing 0.01 to 0.10 parts by weight of anionic surfactant, 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide, and 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight of meadowyl, relative to 100 parts by weight of water. Emulsion fuel, characterized in that it is mixed with, to optimize the combustion to reduce the emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and because of the high combustion efficiency, the energy saving effect, a specific control device to maintain a constant oil / water mixing ratio It is simply used for small, medium and large boilers without the need for

In the emulsion fuels of the present invention, many studies have demonstrated that the use of water optimizes combustion to significantly reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides and dust in combustion.

The action of water in the emulsion fuel is as follows. The addition of water to fuels, such as diesel, kerosene, bunker or waste oils, results in an emulsion phenomenon by dispersing one of the two liquids in the form of droplets. Properly mixed emulsions form stably so that water and oil do not separate before commencement of combustion, during combustion water evaporates at 100 ° C. and oil evaporates at approximately 300 ° C., so that water vapor can evaporate oil particles. It acts as a small split, thereby increasing the surface area of the oil particles to increase the oxidation rate of oil and oxygen. Thus, combustion can be optimized.

In addition, the emulsion fuel reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides, which are the major cause of air pollution by optimization of combustion. In other words, in general, the main nitrogen oxide generated during combustion decreases as the concentration of oxygen in the combustion region decreases, and the shorter combustion gas residence time in the high temperature region decreases. In this regard, the emulsion fuel contains uniformly atomized water in the fuel to suppress the formation of the local high temperature region throughout the flame, and 20 to 30% of the water by volume ratio lowers the combustion temperature due to latent heat of evaporation. Thus, the emulsion fuel inhibits the production of nitrogen oxides by preventing local high temperatures.

In addition, the anionic surfactant, which is a component contained in water, acts to increase the dispersion penetration of water and chemicals added as an additive for emulsification. In order to achieve such an effect, they are used in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight. Specific examples thereof include alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfo acetate, alpha olefin sulfonate, sodium N-acyl methyl taurate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl phosphate, acyl peptide, alkyl ether car It may be selected from a carboxylate, N-acylaminoexide, fatty alcohol sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate or polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate. In addition to the anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant may be used.

In addition, polyethylene oxide, which is a component contained in water, is effective in improving combustibility and dispersing sludge as a water-soluble resin. In order to obtain such an effect, they are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight. These have the general formula of OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n CH ₂ CH ₂ OH, where n is 300 or more, preferably 300 to 800, particularly preferably 400 to 600.

In addition, Medochil (trade name: Mathothyl, sold by Bumwoo Co., Ltd.) contained in water is a cellulose ether obtained by reacting cellulose with caustic soda, methyl chloride, and propylene oxide to lower the viscosity of the emulsion fuel. As the viscosity is lowered, it is advantageous to be injected into the burner at the time of combustion, thereby improving the combustibility.

As described above, the emulsion fuel of the present invention mixes the water containing the anionic surfactant, polyethylene oxide, and meadowl with the fuel oil, thereby stabilizing the emulsion without the necessity of strict control of the oil / water mixing ratio, and thus burning Optimize.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1

To 1 liter of water, 5 g of alkylnaphthalenesulfonate was added as an anionic surfactant, followed by adding 2.5 g of polyethylene oxide (OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n CH ₂ CH ₂ OH, n = 500) and 0.8 g of meadowling. Mix and hold for about 5 hours at the temperature of the image. This mixed water was mixed with kerosene at 23% by weight to prepare an emulsion fuel of the present invention.

The emulsion fuel obtained above was burned at the temperature shown in Table 1 below. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. Measured are oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, nitrogen oxides (NO, NO ₂ and NO _X ) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

An emulsion fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that alkylbenzenesulfonate was used as the surfactant, and burned at the temperatures shown in Table 1. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

An emulsion fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that polyethylene oxide (OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) was used as n was 600, and combustion was carried out at the temperature shown in Table 1. It was. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 1.

Examples 4-6

Each emulsion fuel in which water mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 was mixed in kerosene to 20% by weight, 25% by weight and 30% by weight was burned at the temperatures shown in Table 1. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 1 to 6

Kerosene, a commonly used fuel, was burned at the temperatures shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 1.

Type of fuel Combustion temperature (℃) O ₂ (%) CO ₂ (%) pCO pNO pNO ₂ pNO _x Example 1 Emulsion fuel 478.2 7.4 7.6 53 50 One 50 Example 2 Emulsion fuel 465.6 5.7 8.5 7 62 0 62 Example 3 Emulsion fuel 474.7 3.8 9.6 20 56 0 56 Example 4 Emulsion fuel 474.1 2.8 10.2 11 68 0 68 Example 5 Emulsion fuel 457.1 5.0 8.9 5 63 0 63 Example 6 Emulsion fuel 455.2 3.5 9.8 4 69 0 69 Comparative Example 1 Kerosene 444.4 3.1 10.0 5 163 0 164 Comparative Example 2 Kerosene 447.4 3.2 9.9 3 167 0 167 Comparative Example 3 Kerosene 454.1 5.0 8.9 2 153 0 153 Comparative Example 4 Kerosene 443.6 2.7 10.2 5 159 0 159 Comparative Example 5 Kerosene 430.0 1.3 11.0 43 142 0 142 Comparative Example 6 Kerosene 439.1 2.4 10.4 5 142 0 156

Examples 7-11

To 1 liter of water, 7 g of alkylnaphthalenesulfonate was added as an anionic surfactant, followed by adding 2.2 g of polyethylene oxide (OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n CH ₂ CH ₂ OH, n = 500) and 0.8 g of meadowyl. Mix and hold for about 5 hours at the temperature of the image. This mixture was mixed with kerosene at 25% by weight to prepare an emulsion fuel of the present invention.

The emulsion fuel according to the invention was burned at the temperatures shown in Table 2 below. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. What is measured is oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, excess air concentration, nitrogen oxide (NO _X ) concentration and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Examples 12-14

In the same manner as in Examples 7 to 11, an emulsion fuel was prepared in which 23% of the mixed water was mixed with diesel. The prepared emulsion fuel was burned at the temperatures shown in Table 2 below. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Examples 7 to 12

The diesel-only fuel was burned at the temperatures shown in Table 2. The components of the exhaust gas generated during combustion were measured with a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX apparatus. The results are shown in Table 2.

Type of fuel Combustion temperature (℃) O ₂ (%) Excess air (%) CO ₂ (%) CO (ppm) NO _x (ppm) Example 7 Emulsion fuel 492 2.7 13 13.6 16 56 Example 8 Emulsion fuel 509 3.1 16 13.3 22 56 Example 9 Emulsion fuel 499 2.1 10 14.0 18 54 Example 10 Emulsion fuel 509 2.4 12 13.8 19 54 Example 11 Emulsion fuel 511 2.6 13 13.7 19 53 Example 12 Emulsion fuel 489 2.9 14 13.4 16 57 Example 13 Emulsion fuel 498 3.3 17 13.1 14 57 Example 14 Emulsion fuel 492 2.5 12 13.7 25 50 Comparative Example 7 Via 473 2.8 14 13.5 24 120 Comparative Example 8 Via 470 2.5 12 13.7 22 117 Comparative Example 9 Via 482 3.6 19 12.9 9 129 Comparative Example 10 Via 483 3.4 18 13.1 9 132 Comparative Example 11 Via 493 4.8 27 12.0 11 120 Comparative Example 12 Via 475 2.7 13 13.6 16 126

As shown in Tables 1 and 2, nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) were more burned when the emulsion fuel of the present invention (Examples 1 to 14) was burned using kerosene or light oil (Comparative Examples 1 to 12). ) Emissions were significantly reduced. However, the emission of carbon monoxide was found to be not much different from the case of using the emulsion fuel of the present invention and kerosene or diesel.

Test Example 1

The calorific value was analyzed to compare the combustion performance of the emulsion fuel prepared in Example 1 and the case of burning only kerosene (Comparative Example 1). The calorific value was calculated from the water supply amount so that the boiler water supply amount and the steam generation amount were balanced. The results are shown in Table 3.

Test Example 2

The calorific value was analyzed in the same manner as in Test Example 1 through the case of burning the emulsion fuel prepared in Example 12 and the case of burning only diesel oil (Comparative Example 7). The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 12 Comparative Example 7 Fuel supply amount (ℓ / H) 35 25 40 27.3 Water supply rate (evaporation rate) (ℓ / H) 195 166 270 225 Amount of water evaporated to 1 liter of fuel (ℓ) 7.23 (5.57) 6.64 8.77 (6.75) 8.24

* The values in parentheses in Examples 1 and 12 refer to the amount of evaporated water when considering the amount of water contained in the emulsion fuel. However, since 23% by weight of water was contained in the emulsion fuels of Examples 1 and 12, the value calculated in terms of equivalent kerosene was taken as the amount of evaporated water.

As shown in Table 3, when Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were compared with the same kerosene flow rate, Example 1 further evaporated approximately 0.58 liters of water, indicating that the calorific value was high, and similarly to Example 12 and Comparative Example Comparing 7 to the same diesel volume, Example 12 evaporated approximately 0.75 L of water further, resulting in a higher calorific value. Therefore, it can be seen that the combustion performance of the emulsion fuel of the present invention is excellent, thereby saving kerosene and diesel.

Example 15

The combustion performance test of the emulsion fuel was carried out by analyzing the amount of generated steam (heating amount) and the exhaust gas component in order to make comparative measurements on commercial bunker oil.

At this time, the emulsion fuel was prepared by containing 20% by weight of the mixed water prepared in Example 1 based on the bunker oil.

The exhaust gas composition was measured on the stack using a BACHARACH MODEL CA300NSX device. The calorific value was calculated from the water supply by using the heat loss method so that the boiler water supply and the steam generation were the same. The steam pressure was at atmospheric pressure, and the water supply of the boiler was matched by adjusting the water supply valve so that the level of water level was kept constant because the amount of steam generation and water supply were the same. The fuel supply amount for combustion was calculated from the total combustion time by measuring the total weight of 1 lot (8 to 24hr) of fuel used, and the fuel consumption was checked by checking the supply amount per unit time by installing a fuel tank supplied on a pump on a scale. However, since emulsion fuel contains water, it is necessary to review the operating conditions such as heat treatment to prevent freezing in winter and use a pump that does not corrode. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Example 16

The same procedure as in Example 15 was carried out except that light oil was used instead of bunker oil. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Example 17

The same procedure as in Example 15 was carried out except that kerosene was used instead of bunker oil. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Table 4

Exhaust Gas Analysis

Analysis item Emission allowance standard Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Bunker oil emulsion Reduction rate Via emulsion Reduction rate Kerosene emulsion Reduction rate smoke - One One - One One - One One - CO 350 ppm 110.0 57.3 47.9% 34.2 16.5 51.7% 25.6 19.1 25.3% Dust 40-150mg / S㎥ 154.3 66.5 56.9% 89.2 6.5 92.7% 5.2 1.6 69.2% SO _x 0.3% or less180ppm 124.1 99.6 19.7% 7.4 6.1 17% 4.6 3.0 34.7% NO _x 250ppm or less 201.1 173 14.0% 88.5 57.8 34.6% 81.8 36.3 55.6%

Table 5

Fuel saving analysis compared to calorific value

Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Bunker oil emulsion Via emulsion Kerosene emulsion Input fuel amount (㎏ / 30 minutes) 13.58 14.69 13.02 14.01 10.00 12.76 Water supply (kg / 30 minutes) 105.20 111.79 109.44 108.86 100.25 114.98 Actual input fuel (㎏ / 30 minutes) 11.99 11.11 9.96 Water vapor evaporation (kg / 30 minutes) 7.74 9.32 8.41 9.76 10.02 11.54 Fuel savings 20.41% 16.4% 15.16%

* Actual input fuel amount: Pure fuel amount excluding water contained in fuel

As shown in Table 4, the amount of carbon monoxide, dust, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides was significantly reduced in the case of the emulsion fuel using bunker oil, diesel oil and kerosene as oil, according to the present invention. .

In addition, as shown in Table 5, the emulsion fuel according to the present invention may increase the calorific value (vapor evaporation amount) as a result of using bunker oil, diesel oil and kerosene alone, resulting in fuel savings.

As can be seen from these results, the emulsion fuel of the present invention can completely reduce the emission of pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides, which are a major cause of air pollution, and in addition, dust, soot, extinguishing It has the advantage of suppressing occurrence of squeezing or the like. By suppressing the occurrence of the drag, the amount of drag attached to the heat transfer surface of the combustion chamber is reduced, so that the heat transfer effect of the heat transfer surface is increased. Accordingly, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the boiler. In addition, since the combustion efficiency is high, it is possible to save fuel, which is effective in terms of energy saving. The emulsion fuel of the present invention can be easily used in small, medium and large boilers without any special device for adjusting the fuel oil / water mixing ratio required for the optimization of combustion.

Claims (2)

10 to 50% by weight of a mixture containing 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of anionic surfactant, 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide and 0.001 to 0.2 parts by weight of methyl chloride, mixed with conventional combustible oil in a ratio of 10 parts by weight of water. Emulsion fuel characterized by. The method of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfo acetate, alpha olefin sulfonate, sodium N-acylmethyl taurate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl phosphate. , Acyl peptide, alkyl ether carboxylate, N-acyl amino acid, fatty alcohol sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate or polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate, and polyethylene oxide as OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n CH ₂ Emulsion fuel characterized by using a general formula of CH ₂ OH, where n is from 300 to 800, and medochilo is made of cellulose ether obtained by reacting cellulose with caustic soda, methyl chloride and propylene oxide. .