JP2001181657A - Method for producing surfactant comprising fuel oil and water and method for producing highly stable emulsified fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a surfactant which can perfectly stably emulsify water and an oil, and to provide a method for producing a chemically stabilized fuel by mixing a fuel oil with water in the presence of the surfactant. SOLUTION: This method for producing the surfactant is characterized by preliminarily heating water and at least one among anionic sulfonate type solvents such as a sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate and a sodium α-olefinsulfonate, mixing the anionic sulfonate type solvent with the water in a ratio of 1/(3 to 20) at a constant temperature under the atmospheric pressure, and stirring the mixture liquid for 10 min to produce the surfactant in which the surface of the aqueous solution is in a mousse-like state. The method for producing the highly stable emulsified fuel is characterized by preliminarily heating water and an emulsified raw material utilizing the surfactant, stirring the emulsified raw material at a constant temperature of 10 to 60 deg.C under the atmospheric pressure, simultaneously charging the water until to give a water content of 20 to 50%, and then stirring the mixture for 10 to 20 min.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for producing a surfactant obtained by mixing and emulsifying fuel oil and water (this is referred to as an emulsifier), and a chemical method utilizing the surfactant in fuel oil and water. The present invention relates to a method for producing an emulsified water-soluble emulsion fuel having high stability (this is called an emulsified fuel).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art To burn fuel oil, oxygen is required, and in many cases, oxygen contained in the air is used. However, combustion produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and the like. Is discharged. They cause air pollution, and carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are thought to cause global warming, and nitric oxide and sulfur oxide are sources of photochemical smog, causing bronchial disease and acid rain. Is believed to be the cause.

[0003] Conventionally, combustion of fuel oil has been considered so as to have low pollution. However, in recent years, with regard to nitric oxide, for which emission regulations are being studied, the cause of the generation is as follows.
Fuel nitrogen oxide contained in the petroleum-based fuel itself and thermal nitric oxide generated by burning nitrogen in the air at a high temperature by burning at high temperature in the air.

[0004]

The reduction of fuel nitrogen oxides can be reduced to some extent by converting to light oils with low nitrogen content. Research on low-nitrogen oxide burners has been pursued to reduce thermal nitric oxide, but in each case, there were many problems in terms of cost, thermal efficiency, and the like.

[0005] By mixing and emulsifying and burning fuel oil and water, the flame temperature is reduced and uniformized by evaporating the contained water, and the nitrogen content is reduced due to the decrease in the supply air due to the low air ratio combustion. The theory that can be reduced has been studied in the past. However, this technology is not widely used in water-in-oil type (also referred to as W / O type), which uses surfactants and forcibly mixes fuel oil and water with a mixer. This is because high capital investment is required, or a surfactant has not been developed to prevent long-lasting emulsified liquids such as water and oil from being separated for a long period of time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a surfactant capable of completely emulsifying water and oil, and a method of mixing a fuel oil and water using the surfactant to chemically form the emulsion. A method for producing a stable emulsified emulsified fuel.

The emulsified fuel produced by this method is stable for at least three months without separation under normal temperature and normal pressure. Further, the emulsified fuel produced by the surfactant according to the second aspect has higher chemical stability than the emulsified fuel produced by the surfactant according to the first aspect.

[0008]

According to the method for producing an emulsified fuel of the present invention, first, a surfactant is produced, and an emulsified fuel is produced by using the surfactant. The manufacturing method is
There are the following two types. An anionic sulfone-type solvent and water, which are preheated to a temperature at which they can be dissolved, are mixed with water, and mixed at a constant temperature and normal pressure in a proportion of water of 3 to 20 with respect to the anionic sulfone-type solvent 1, and this mixed solution is mixed. By using a propeller type stirrer and stirring for 10 minutes, a surfactant (referred to as an emulsifier) whose surface of the aqueous solution is mousse is produced. Anionic sulfone-type solvent preheated to a temperature at which it can be dissolved, anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether
Tersulfate and water are mixed at a constant temperature and normal pressure in a ratio of 0.1 to 10 anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate to 3 to 20 water with respect to 1 anionic sulfone solvent. Use a propeller type stirrer to mix the mixture,
By stirring for 10 minutes, a surfactant (referred to as an emulsifier) having a mousse-like surface of the aqueous solution is produced.

The surfactant and the fuel oil are preheated from 10 ° C. to 60 ° C.
Under a constant temperature and normal pressure of 10 to 60 degrees Celsius in a ratio of 0 to 150, by a stirrer having a propeller type stirrer,
First, while the surfactant is stirred at a low speed to form a mousse surface, about 10% of the whole fuel oil is introduced little by little, and the whole is stirred until it becomes a gel, and then the stirrer is switched to high speed rotation. Then, the whole gel-like emulsion produced by adding the remaining fuel oil and stirring the mixture under the same conditions for 10 to 20 minutes after the addition is referred to as an emulsified raw material.

[0010] The emulsifying raw material and water are added at 10 ° C to 60 ° C.
The emulsified raw material is stirred in a stirrer having a propeller-type stirrer at a constant temperature of 10 ° C. to 60 ° C. and normal pressure, and water is added to a water content of 20 to 50%. Emulsified fuel with high stability generated by stirring for 20 minutes is referred to as emulsified fuel.

As the fuel oil to be used, most combustible oils except gasoline and thinner can be used. The emulsified fuel produced in the present invention is an oil-in-water type (also referred to as an O / W type) in which oil droplets are uniformly dispersed in water. First, an emulsifier, which is a surfactant, and fuel oil are stirred to produce an emulsified raw material,
Since an emulsified fuel can be produced only by adding an appropriate amount of water to this and stirring it, there is no need for a mechanically forced mixer, and even during combustion, modification of the existing combustion chamber is almost unnecessary. The capital investment is small. In addition, it maintains a stable emulsion state for a long time at normal temperature and normal pressure.

When the emulsified fuel is atomized into a combustion chamber to burn it, the water droplets contained in the fuel cause a steam explosion due to the combustion of the fuel oil, and the fuel oil droplets are decomposed into fine particles, and As a result, the fuel oil can be efficiently burned by causing a water gas reaction, thereby reducing the amount of particulate matter that is unburned carbon particles. This reaction reduces the supply of air required for combustion, enables low air ratio combustion, reduces energy consumption, reduces noise, and reduces thermal nitrogen oxides due to the oxidation reaction of nitrogen in air.
Further, the evaporation of water in the fuel reduces the local high-temperature area of the flame, thereby lowering and uniformizing the flame temperature as a whole, which contributes to the reduction of thermal nitrogen oxides.

[0013] Emulsion fuel is a mixture of water and oil and therefore has a high flash point, and cannot be ignited only by emulsified fuel by the usual ignition method of a spray gun type burner. For this reason, a burner having two types of nozzles, a pilot nozzle mainly for the purpose of ignition using fuel oil and a main nozzle mainly used for burning the emulsified fuel, is used.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a production apparatus for carrying out a method for producing an emulsified fuel according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental combustion apparatus for the produced emulsified fuel and the like. .
In FIG. 1, a production tank 1 for producing a surfactant and an emulsifier or an emulsified fuel has a water jacket and a propeller type stirrer 2 for heating. In some cases, the surfactant is produced by another device and supplied to the production tank 1.

The amount of fuel oil to be charged is set in the flow meter 6, the pump 13 is started, the solenoid valve 5 is opened, and the fuel oil is charged into the production tank 1. 5
Close.

The amount of water to be charged is determined by setting the capacity of the flow meter 4.
The pump 16 is started, the solenoid valve 3 is opened, and the production tank 1 is opened.
When the water reaches the set value, the solenoid valve 3 is closed.

The emulsified fuel completed in the production tank 1 is transferred to the emulsified fuel tank 18 by opening the valve 7. The emulsified fuel tank 18 is provided with a propeller type stirrer 19, and a jacket for keeping heat or heating is attached to the outer periphery.

The amount of liquid in the fuel oil tank 8 is controlled by a ball tap 12. The amount of water in the water tank 9 is controlled by a ball tap 11. The water temperature is maintained at 10 to 60 degrees Celsius by the electric heating heater 10. Electric heating heat
The heater 10 may be replaced with a steam or hot water heat exchanger. The pressure pump 13 pumps the fuel oil to the production tank 1 and the burner. At this time, the pressure of the fuel oil is adjusted by the pressure adjusting valve 14, and the set pressure is displayed on the pressure indicator 15. This pressure varies depending on the type of fuel oil.

The pump 16 pumps water into the production tank 1 and to the heating water jacket of the production tank 1 and the emulsified fuel tank 18. The water pumped by this pump 16 is
, The water cluster is decomposed and miniaturized, the particles of the emulsified fuel are reduced, the amount of air contained in the fuel is increased, and the specific gravity of the emulsified fuel can be made closer to the specific gravity of the fuel oil. This makes it difficult to separate water and fuel oil, and also reduces the amount of combustion air. Further, by miniaturizing the emulsified fuel particles, the water gas reaction is also actively performed, and the combustion efficiency is greatly increased.

The emulsified fuel tank 18 which is a completed emulsified fuel storage tank is provided with a heating water jacket and a propeller type agitator 19. The emulsified fuel is pumped to the burner by the pump 20. At this time, the pressure of the emulsified fuel is adjusted by the pressure adjusting valve 21, and the set pressure is displayed on the pressure indicator 22. The pressure of the emulsified fuel varies depending on the type of fuel oil.

The production apparatus of the present invention is used to prepare an anionic sulfone type solvent such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate. 1
A mixture of a kind and water, which is preheated to a temperature at which both the solutions can be dissolved, is mixed at a constant temperature and normal pressure at a ratio of water of 3 to 20 with respect to the anionic sulfone type solvent 1, and this mixed solution is mixed. By using a propeller type stirrer and stirring for 10 minutes, an emulsifier having a mousse-like surface of the aqueous solution is produced.

Similarly, using the production apparatus of the present invention, an anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether such as sodium alkyl ether sulfate is added to an anionic sulfone type solvent.
Tersulfate is mixed with anionic sulfone type solvent 1 in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and about 3 to 20 water at constant temperature and normal pressure. Using a propeller type stirrer,
By stirring for 0 minutes, an emulsifier having a moist surface of the aqueous solution is produced.

The emulsifier and fuel oil produced by using this manufacturing apparatus are preheated from 10 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius, and the fuel oil is added to the surfactant 1 at a ratio of 50 to 150 degrees Celsius.
At a constant temperature of 0 ° to 60 ° C. and normal pressure, a stirrer having a propeller stirrer is first used to stir the surfactant at a low speed while introducing about 10% of the fuel oil little by little, and the whole is gelled. Then, the stirring is switched to high-speed rotation, the remaining fuel oil is charged, and the mixture is stirred under the same conditions for 10 to 20 minutes to produce a gel-like emulsified raw material as a whole.

The emulsifier and water produced by using this manufacturing apparatus are preheated to 10 to 60 degrees Celsius, and the emulsifier is added to a stirrer having a propeller stirrer at a constant temperature of 10 to 60 degrees Celsius and normal pressure. While stirring, moisture content 20 ~
Water is added up to 50%, and the mixture is stirred for 10 to 20 minutes after the addition to produce an emulsified emulsified fuel with high stability.

The experimental combustion apparatus shown in FIG.
2 has an emulsified fuel combustion burner 31 at one end and an exhaust chimney 40 at the opposite end. Cooling water is supplied to the space 33 between the combustion chamber 32 and the heat insulating wall 41 by the flow meter 35 and the water pipe 3.
6 and is discharged as hot water from the outlet 38. In order to make the water temperature in the cooling water tank 33 uniform, the water is stirred by the circulation pump 37. The viewing window 34 is provided below the combustion chamber 32 and the exhaust chimney 40 to monitor the state of the flame.
A flame temperature measurement port 39 and a combustion exhaust component measurement port 42 are provided above the combustion chamber 32 and the exhaust chimney 40. The combustion chamber 32 is surrounded by a heat insulating wall 41.

The combustion method used was a gun type burner having a pilot nozzle for small amount spraying for burning fuel oil for ignition and a main nozzle for large amount spraying for burning emulsified fuel. The dimensions of the combustion chamber are 300 m / m in diameter and 1200 in length.
m / m, the surroundings are cooled with water, and the combustion chamber flame temperature is measured at a location about 550 m / m forward of the burner nozzle. The exhaust temperature is measured at the center of the chimney.

The combustion test results are a comparison between the case where fuel oil A was continuously burned at the main nozzle and the case where emulsified fuel was continuously burned at the main nozzle.
% Is a comparison table with emulsified fuel, and Table 2 is a comparison table based on a change in moisture content of the emulsified fuel.

(Table 1)
   Specifications Unit A fuel oil combustion Emulsion fuel combustion  Fuel oil (or emulsified fuel) Temperature ° C 33. O 35.0Specific gravity kg / l 0.846 0.896 Combustion state Burner nozzle Spray pressure kg / cm^Two 6. 8 7.0 Combustion oil amount l / h 4.66 4.34 Water amount in emulsified fuel l / h --- 2.33 Combustion chamber temperature (average) ° C 870 850 Exhaust temperature (average) ° C 593 597Supply air volume l / h 104.5 42.9 Cooling water heating Cooling water supply l / h 353 355 Cooling water inlet temperature ° C 24.0 23.1 Cooling water outlet temperature ° C 64.7 78.4  Specifications Unit A fuel oil combustion Emulsion fuel combustion  Exhaust components Oxygen JIS K0301 Magnetic type% 11.6 4.1 Carbon dioxide JIS K0151 Infrared analysis type% 5.9 12.2 Same as above Total amount in exhaust m^Three/ h 5.3 5.2 Carbon monoxide JIS K0098 Infrared absorption method ppm 1,500 170 Nitrogen oxide JIS K0104 Chemiluminescence type ppm 33 26 Same as oxygen equivalent ppm 60 26 Sulfur oxide JIS K0103-6.2 Precipitation titration method ppm 22 40 Same as above Total amount in exhaust l / h 2.3 1.7 

(Table 2) Specifications Moisture content Moisture content Moisture content Moisture content 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Combustion calorific value 100.0 108.0 99.2 98.0 95.8 Combustion calorific value per liter of fuel oil A in emulsified fuel is 100%. It is the value in the case of doing.

[0030]

According to the emulsified fuel of the present invention, the fuel oil contains 20 to 50% of water in an emulsion state, and the following effects are exhibited when the emulsified fuel is atomized and burned. 1) Small water droplets contained in the emulsified fuel cause a steam explosion, and the fuel oil droplets are also broken down into fine particles, and the unburned carbon particles and the decomposed water react to generate a water gas reaction to promote combustion. Therefore, unburned carbon (smoke) is significantly reduced. Further, since the flame temperature is lowered and made uniform to evaporate water, thermal nitric oxide is also significantly reduced. 2) The supply of combustion air can be reduced by the water gas reaction, and the thermal nitrogen oxides are significantly reduced by reducing the total amount of nitrogen closing about 78% of the air. 3) By reducing the amount of combustion air, the amount of exhaust is reduced and energy is saved. 4) Since unburned carbon particles can be burned, combustion efficiency is increased and energy saving can be expected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a production apparatus for implementing a method for producing an emulsified fuel according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for testing combustion of an emulsified fuel or the like manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention.

[Explanation of Codes] . . Fuel production tank 2. . . 2. Propeller type stirrer . . 3. Solenoid valve for water . . Flow meter for water 5. . . Solenoid valve for fuel 6. . . Fuel flow meter 7. . . Valve 8. . . Fuel oil tank 9. . . Water tank 10. . . Electric heater 11. . . Water ball tap 12. . . Ball tap for fuel oil 13. . . Pressure pump for fuel oil 14. . . Pressure regulating valve 15． . . Pressure indicator 16. . . Water pressure pump 17. . . Activator 18. . . Emulsified fuel tank 19. . . Propeller type stirrer 20. . . Pump for emulsified fuel 21. . . Pressure regulating valve 22. . . Pressure indicator 31. . . Spray type combustor 32. . . Combustion chamber 33. . . Cooling water tank 34. . . Viewing window 35. . . Cooling water flow meter 36. . . Cooling water pipe 37. . . Cooling water circulation pump 38. . . Hot water outlet 39. . . Flame temperature measurement port 40. . . Exhaust chimney 41. . . Insulated wall 42. . .
Exhaust component measurement port

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission Date] February 8, 2000 (200.2.8)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The surfactant and the fuel oil are preheated from 10 ° C. to 60 ° C.
Under a constant temperature and normal pressure of 10 to 60 degrees Celsius in a ratio of 0 to 150, by a stirrer having a propeller type stirrer,
First, while the surfactant is stirred at a low speed to form a mousse surface, about 10% of the whole fuel oil is introduced little by little, and the whole is stirred until it becomes a gel, and then the stirrer is switched to high speed rotation. Te was charged with remaining fuel oil, the whole was more generated by stirring 10 to 20 minutes under the same conditions after turning gelatinous emulsion, referred to as emulsifying material.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0022

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Similarly, using the production apparatus of the present invention, an anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether such as sodium alkyl ether sulfate is added to an anionic sulfone type solvent.
Tersulfate is mixed with anionic sulfone-type solvent 1 at about 0.1 to 10 anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and about 3 to 20 water at constant temperature and normal pressure. This mixture was mixed with a propeller-type stirrer for 10 minutes.
By stirring for a minute, an emulsifier having a moist surface of the aqueous solution is produced.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0028

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(Table 1)
   Specifications Unit A fuel oil combustion Emulsion fuel combustion  Fuel oil (or emulsified fuel) Temperature ° C 33. O 35.0Specific gravity kg / l 0.846 0.896 Combustion state Burner nozzle Spray pressure kg / cm^Two 6. 8 7.0 Combustion oil amount l / h 4.66 4.34 Water amount in emulsified fuel l / h --- 2.33 Combustion chamber temperature (average) ° C 870 850 Exhaust temperature (average) ° C 593 597Supply air volume m ³ / h 104.5 42.9 Cooling water heating Cooling water supply l / h 353 355 Cooling water inlet temperature ° C 24.0 23.1 Cooling water outlet temperature ° C 64.7 78.4  Specifications Unit A fuel oil combustion Emulsion fuel combustion  Exhaust components Oxygen JIS K0301 Magnetic type% 11.6 4.1 Carbon dioxide JIS K0151 Infrared analysis type% 5.9 12.2 Same as above Total amount in exhaust m^Three/ h 5.3 5.2 Carbon monoxide JIS K0098 Infrared absorption method ppm 1,500 170 Nitrogen oxide JIS K0104 Chemiluminescence type ppm 33 26 Same as oxygen equivalent ppm 60 26 Sulfur oxide JIS K0103-6.2 Precipitation titration method ppm 22 40 Same as above Total amount in exhaust l / h 2.3 1.7 

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An anionic sulfone-type solvent such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, and water. A mixture preheated to a temperature at which the compound can be dissolved is mixed at a constant temperature and normal pressure at a ratio of water of 3 to 20 with respect to the anionic sulfone type solvent 1 using a propeller type stirrer. 1
A method for producing a surfactant, wherein a surfactant having a moist surface is produced by stirring for 0 minutes. 2. An anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate such as sodium alkyl ether sulfate is added to the anionic sulfone type solvent according to claim 1.
At constant temperature and normal pressure, anionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate 0.1 to 10 and water 3 to 20 are mixed with anionic sulfone type solvent 1 in a ratio of 1, and this mixture is mixed with a propeller-type stirrer. And producing a surfactant having a mousse-like surface by stirring for 10 minutes. 3. Preheating the surfactant and the fuel oil according to claim 1 or 2 to 10 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius,
The surfactant is first stirred at a low speed with a stirrer having a propeller stirrer at a constant temperature of 10 to 60 degrees Celsius and a normal pressure at a ratio of 50 to 150 degrees Celsius of the fuel oil with respect to the surfactant 1. The fuel oil is put in a mousse state, and about 10% of the whole fuel oil is put in little by little. After stirring until the whole becomes a gel state, the stirrer is switched to high-speed rotation, and the remaining fuel oil is put in. A method for producing an emulsified raw material, wherein the whole is stirred for 10 to 20 minutes under the same conditions to produce an emulsified raw material in the form of a gel. 4. The emulsified raw material and water according to claim 3 are preheated to 10 to 60 degrees Celsius in a stirrer having a propeller type stirrer at a constant temperature of 10 to 60 degrees Celsius and normal pressure. A water content of 20 to 50% while stirring, and stirring for 10 to 20 minutes after the addition to produce an emulsified emulsified fuel with high stability. Method.