KR102654697B1 - Rainwater drain system capable of purifying non-point source pollutant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a cavity that is dug so that rainwater flows in and a valley is formed on the lower surface in the downward direction; A plurality of filter media layers filled in the lower part of the cavity, each filled with a different filter media, each having a valley formed in a downward direction; A planting layer in which plants are planted on the upper part of the filter media layer and a valley is formed in a downward direction; and a drainage channel on the side of the cavity that communicates with the filter layer and the inflow hole and is connected to a public water body.

Description

Rainwater drain system capable of purifying non-point source pollutant}

The present invention relates to a technology for purifying non-point pollutants in initial stormwater runoff during rainfall. More specifically, it relates to a technology for purifying non-point pollutants in initial stormwater runoff during rainfall, and more specifically, to reduce the concentration of nonpoint pollutants contained in a significant amount in initial stormwater runoff during rainfall from nonpoint pollutants with a wide discharge area. It is about a system that allows discharge into water bodies.

In general, pollutants include point pollutants discharged from point sources with clear and limited discharge points, such as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and livestock wastewater, as well as agricultural lands, pastures, forest lands, construction sites, mines, logging sites, waste treatment plants, and garbage. Non-point pollutants can be divided into non-point pollutants discharged from non-point sources with a wide discharge area, such as landfills, urban areas, roads, and industrial sites.

Pollutants emitted from the above-described pollutants are distributed in a wide variety of forms, such as heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms, organic compounds, radioactive substances, toxic substances, and other salts.

These contaminants are usually washed away by rainwater during rainy weather and flow into public waters such as rivers, bays, lakes, etc. or groundwater together with the rainwater, causing water pollution, resulting in destruction of the ecosystem, and ultimately causing harm to humans. It will cause great harm.

Meanwhile, among the pollutants mentioned above, in the case of point pollutants with a clear and limited discharge point, separate purification devices or wastewater treatment facilities are installed in homes, factories, livestock farms, etc. to purify the pollutants to some extent, but non-point pollutants are purified to a certain extent. In the case of pollutants, not only are the discharge areas wide, but most of them remain on the ground surface and then flow into public waters such as rivers, bays, and lakes or groundwater along with rainwater during rainy weather, becoming the main cause of water pollution.

In particular, in the case of non-point pollutants, as mentioned above, they flow into public water bodies such as rivers, bays, lakes, etc. or groundwater along with rainwater during rainy weather, especially during the initial rainfall, so initial rainwater containing non-point pollutants flows into rivers, bays, lakes, etc. It is most important not to discharge it into public water or groundwater without purification.

In Korea, non-point pollutants among the pollutants mentioned above are causing deterioration of water quality in public waters due to floods in terms of quantity and outflow of non-point pollutants during rainfall in terms of water quality. In particular, as the rate of impervious pavement increases in urban areas, the peak runoff volume during rainfall also increases, and as a result, the mobility of non-point pollutants also increases, requiring management in terms of water quality and quantity.

In addition, the above-mentioned non-point pollution source is a relative concept of point pollution source and refers to a pollution source generated from a non-fixed pollution source such as a factory or domestic sewage, and usually refers to a pollutant that flows out like rainwater during rainfall. These non-point pollution sources not only amount to 22-37% of the pollution load of the four major rivers, but in the case of Paldang Water Source, about half of the pollution load, or 44.5%, was found to be non-point pollution sources, showing that they have a very significant impact on water quality.

Meanwhile, the above-mentioned pollutant runoff characteristics in stormwater runoff show a relatively high pollutant concentration in the initial stormwater runoff, so the study reported that more than 80% of the total rainfall event can be treated with just the capacity of the stormwater runoff treatment facility for about 20 mm of rainfall. It is becoming.

Therefore, as a way to treat initial stormwater runoff, it is difficult to install stormwater runoff treatment facilities that require a large land area in existing urban areas due to difficulties in land acquisition, so infiltrating facilities or stormceptors with relatively few restrictions on land use are recommended. When creating a new city, limit the impervious area ratio of the city to a certain level or use rainwater before and after development to prevent rapid changes in hydrological outflow characteristics due to an increase in local imperviousness. By comparing changes in runoff volume, if the runoff volume is higher than before development, measures are taken to install infiltration and retention facilities to control this, and when planning land use in urban areas, waterside areas are areas that can directly affect river water quality, so if possible, Measures are being reported to curb use and damage and to use waterfront areas as green buffer zones to reduce non-point pollutants.

In addition, in addition to the prompt introduction of stormwater runoff treatment facilities as described above, regular urban cleaning, inspection and cleaning of manholes and stormwater conduits before the rainy season, dredging of sediment at the bottom of reservoirs, and installation of stormwater runoff barriers in construction areas are needed to improve the city. Measures to proactively remove various non-point pollution sources scattered in the region are also being considered.

However, despite the various methods for treating initial stormwater runoff as described above, it is difficult to actually apply them and achieve effectiveness because there are too many limiting factors such as difficulties in land expropriation.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 0561092

The present invention was created to solve the problems described above, and purifies non-point pollutants flowing in with rainwater during rainfall, especially during early rainwater, through several stages, thereby purifying public water bodies such as rivers, bays, lakes, etc., and groundwater. The purpose is to provide an initial rainwater non-point pollutant purification system that can prevent water pollution such as water pollution.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a system that can control the tilt and sagging of the filter media constituting each filter media layer, thereby preventing purification efficiency from deteriorating afterwards.

In order to solve the above problems, the rainwater discharge system capable of purifying non-point pollutants of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the system of the present invention”) is constructed so that rainwater flows in through a trench and a valley is formed on the lower surface in the downward direction. being joint; A plurality of filter media layers filled in the lower part of the cavity, each filled with a different filter media, each having a valley formed in a downward direction; A planting layer in which plants are planted on the upper part of the filter media layer and a valley is formed in a downward direction; and a drainage channel that communicates with the filter layer and the inflow hole on the side of the cavity and is connected to the public water area, wherein a plurality of perforations are formed at the interface of each layer and a grid with a plurality of protruding pins is formed between the perforations, In the center of each filter layer, a plurality of second perforations are formed on each side in the shape of a hexahedron to allow water to flow in multiple directions through the second perforations, and the protruding pin is inserted into the second perforation formed on the surface in contact with the grid. A filter media block is formed, which is fixed and filled with the filter media constituting each filter media layer, and both side walls of the filter media block are formed with a downward slope so that the downward load due to the valley is applied to the filter media located on both sides of the filter media block. It is characterized by mutually canceling out the load applied to both side walls of the filter media block.

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As an example, at the interface between the filter layer and the drainage channel, a plurality of infiltration pipes with a plurality of fourth holes are embedded so as to extend to the ground below the filter layer, and water falls through the infiltration pipes from the inlet hole communicating with the fourth hole. It is characterized by air being introduced by.

As described above, the system of the present invention has the advantage of being able to selectively treat depending on the concentration of contaminants during rainfall, thus reducing the load, and being able to treat contaminants of various properties, discharging treated water that satisfies discharge water quality standards. There is.

In addition, the system of the present invention has the advantage of being able to control the tilt and sagging of the filter media constituting each filter media layer, thereby preventing a subsequent decrease in purification efficiency.

1 is an exploded perspective view showing the system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing the system of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view showing a grid installed at the interface of each layer in the present invention.
Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing an example in which the filter media block in Figure 3 is further configured.
Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the filter media block shown in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a filter media block.
Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the operating state of the infiltration tube shown in Figure 7.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. Embodiments according to the present invention may be modified into various other forms, so the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the system (1) of the present invention includes a cavity (2) that is excavated so that rainwater flows in and a valley is formed on the lower surface in the downward direction; A plurality of filter media layers (4) filled in the lower part of the cavity (2), each filled with a different filter media, each having a valley formed in the downward direction; A planting layer (3) in which plants are planted on the upper part of the filter media layer (4) and a valley is formed in the downward direction; Characterized in that it includes a drainage channel (5) on the side of the cavity (2), which communicates with the filter layer (4) and the inlet hole (51) and is connected to a public water body.

The system (1) of the present invention is described as an example of a slope that is cut diagonally toward the road (6) and allows rainwater to flow into the road (6) during rainfall, but is also used on roads, parking lots, commercial and industrial areas in large cities, etc. It can be applied to all areas to purify initial rainwater containing non-point pollutants such as organic matter, heavy metals, and oil from the slopes around the area during rainfall.

The system (1) of the present invention is installed between the slope where land plants are planted and the drainage ditch (5) installed on the road (6), which contains a large amount of non-point pollutants contained in the air or slope during the first rainfall. This is to purify the initial rainwater and discharge it underground, as well as discharge it into the drainage channel (5) through the inlet hole (51).

A system capable of purifying non-point pollutants like this involves forming a cavity (2) by excavating a long trench between the slope and the road (6), and then adding a filter media layer (4) to purify the initial rainwater in this cavity (2). forms.

Here, the lower surface of the cavity 2 is configured to have a valley formed in the downward direction, which means that the entire layers comprised in the cavity 2, that is, the planting layer 3 and the filtering layer 4, are formed to have a downward valley in the central part. Therefore, in the case of initial rainwater, it is intended to control the overflow directly into the drainage channel (5).

That is, the purpose is to allow initial rainwater from the slope to flow into the container-shaped planting layer (3) and filtering layer (4) and be stored for a while while infiltrating downward.

In addition, when it comes to the cavity (2), the reason why both the planting layer (3) and the filtering layer (4) have downward valleys formed in the center is to increase the shape maintenance of each layer. That is, the purpose is to control subsequent deformation by ensuring that it is supported evenly throughout.

The filter media layer 4 is formed by singly or mixing artificial filter media such as sand, soil, gravel, crushed stone, and synthetic resin. In one embodiment, the first filter media layer 41 is made of gravel, and the second filter media layer ( 42) may be made of sand, the third media layer 43 may be made of gravel, and the fourth media layer 44 may be made of non-woven fabric.

As the top layer, it is desirable that the planting layer 3 is made of a material with excellent water permeability such as sand, and the type of the planted plants 31 is not limited, for example, natural plants such as terrestrial plants such as grass, aquatic plants, or waterside plants. A variety of plants with purifying functions can be planted.

The stems and roots of these plants (31) are used as an attachment medium for microorganisms, and they promote the decomposition activity of microorganisms by delivering oxygen through aeration tissue, thereby inducing nitrification and denitrification.

Accordingly, the initial rainwater flowing in from the slope first accumulates in the planting layer (3) and permeates to the lower part and is filtered. In addition, among the non-point pollutants contained in the initial rainwater, those attached to the plants 31 planted in the planting layer 3 are decomposed by microorganisms around the plants.

Therefore, during the first rainfall, the initial rainwater containing a large amount of non-point pollutants flows down the slope and then immediately flows into the planting layer (3) and is purified. Some of the purified rainwater is absorbed underground, and some of it also flows into the interior of the drainage channel (5) through a plurality of inflow holes (51) formed on the side walls of the drainage channel (5).

Meanwhile, rainwater that has swollen due to continued rainfall contains less non-point pollutants. In this way, rainwater containing a small amount of non-point pollutants flows directly into the drainage channel 5 through the drainage hole 52 without going through purification of the planting layer 3 and the filtering layer 4.

This is because, when rainfall continues, the moisture contained in the planting layer (3) and filtering layer (4) inside the cavity (2) is saturated and no further absorption occurs.

In this way, rainwater that is not absorbed into the planting layer (3) and the filtering layer (4) and flows directly into the drainage hole (52) is guided to a public water body through the drainage channel (5). Unlike initial rainwater, they do not contain non-point pollutants, so there is no need for separate purification treatment.

That is, the present invention guides the initial rainwater containing non-point pollutants flowing down from the slope into the cavity (2), purifies it through the planting layer (3) and the filter layer (4), and then guides it into groundwater or through the inflow hole ( 51), it is discharged into the drainage channel (5), and then, unlike the initial rainwater, rainwater that does not contain non-point pollutants is smoothly discharged through the drainage hole (52) of the drainage channel (5). Therefore, the initial rainwater that has been purified and flows into groundwater is not absorbed into the planting layer (3) and filtering layer (4) formed in the cavity (2) due to continued rainfall, but flows directly into the drainage channel (5).

Meanwhile, in the present invention, as mentioned above, the planting layer (3) and the filtering layer (4) are configured to form a downward curved surface so that the initial rainwater accumulates. With this configuration, the planting layer (3) is formed. There may be a problem that the sand, etc., and the filter media that forms the filter media layer (4) are moved to the center due to their own weight as time passes.

Additionally, too much rainwater may infiltrate the planting layer (3) and the filtering layer (4), causing the problem of lifting between layers.

Accordingly, the present invention presents an example in which a plurality of perforations 71 are formed at the interface of each layer and a grid 7 with a plurality of protruding pins 72 formed between the perforations 71 is provided.

As shown in Figure 3, an example of a grid 7 is shown at the interface between the planting layer 3 and the first filter material layer 41 and at the interface between the first filter material layer 41 and the second filter material layer. In this way, the grid ( As 7) is placed at the interface, a plurality of protruding pins 72 protruding from the grid 7 function to hold each layer, and control the flow of the filter medium to some extent. That is, the tilt and deformation are controlled by the grid 7.

Meanwhile, as mentioned above, in the present invention, the planting layer (3) and the filtering media layer (4) are curved downward to allow the initial rainwater to accumulate. With this configuration, the planting layer (3) as well as the filtering media layer In (4), the filtered rainwater is concentrated in the central part, and if downward infiltration is not smooth in the central part as the rainwater is concentrated in the central part, there may be a problem of deformation in the central part due to its own weight.

Accordingly, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a filter block 8 is formed in the center of each filter layer (41, 42, etc.) to control deformation even if rainwater flows to the center, as well as to control the deformation of each filter layer (41, 42, etc.). 42, etc.) provides an example of controlling the tendency of the filter media to move toward the center due to its own weight.

The filter media block (8) has a plurality of second perforations (81) formed on each side to allow water to flow and the protruding pin (72) to be inserted through the second perforations (81), and each filter media layer (41) is formed inside the filter media block (8). , 42, etc.) is filled with filter media (411, 421, etc.).

As shown in the drawing, the filter media block (8) is configured in a hexahedral shape so that the filter media (411, 421, etc.) constituting the filter media layer (41, 42, etc.) where the filter media block (8) is located is filled inside. In addition, a plurality of second perforations 81 are formed on each side of the filter block 8 to allow water to flow in multiple directions, as well as a hole formed on the surface of the filter block 8 in contact with the grid 7. The protruding pin 72 is inserted into the second hole 81 to firmly fix the media block 8 on the grid 7.

This is to prevent the filter media block (8) from sliding even when the load (F) caused by the tilt of the filter media applied to the filter media block (8) is unbalanced on both sides.

In the case of the second perforation 81, it must naturally be smaller than the diameter of the filter media (411, 421, etc.) filled inside.

In the case of the filter block (8) located on the uppermost filter media layer (41), not only does it control deformation due to the concentration of water filtered in the filter media layer (41), but also controls the concentration of filtered water from the planting layer (3) located at the top to the central part. The deformation caused by is also controlled.

These filter media blocks (8) are unitized and configured to partition both sides in the center of the entire filter media layer (4). When the filter media blocks (8) are connected and assembled together by known means, the entire filter media block (8) is integrated. By doing this, a more stable structure can be achieved.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, an example is provided in which a downward slope is formed on both side walls 82 of the filter media block 8.

The reason for this configuration is that the filtered water is directed to the filter block 8. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, both side walls 82 of the filter block 8 are structured so that a downward slope is formed. As shown in the figure, the load (F1) generated in the downward direction is mutually canceled out by the load (F2) applied to both side walls (82) of the filter media block (8) by the filter media located on both sides of the media block (8), resulting in the load (F1) ) is to control the deformation caused by.

In other words, by configuring it in this way, as mentioned above, the effectiveness of controlling the centering of the filter medium and controlling the deformation of the central part due to the centering of the water is doubled.

In addition, the present invention presents another embodiment in Figure 7. In this embodiment, a permeation pipe (9) in which a plurality of fourth perforations (91) are formed at the interface of the filter layer (4) and the drainage channel (5) is provided. It is buried in plurality to extend to the ground at the bottom of the layer (4), and presents an example in which air is introduced by water falling through the infiltration pipe (9) from the inlet hole (51) communicating with the fourth hole (91). I'm doing it.

As shown in the drawing, a plurality of infiltration pipes (9) are embedded at the interface between the filter layer (4) and the drainage channel (5). First, a portion of the rainwater that has passed through the planting layer (3) and the filter layer (4) infiltrates. When it flows into the pipe (9), rainwater freely falls in the infiltration pipe (9) and infiltrates into the ground below the filter layer (4). In other words, in the case of filtered rainwater, some of it is quickly allowed to penetrate into the lower part of the filter media layer 4 to increase the rainwater penetration efficiency.

The rainwater that infiltrates into the ground through the infiltration pipe (9) is rainwater in which non-point pollutants have been filtered through at least the planting layer (3), and the infiltration load of other rainwater can be reduced by quickly infiltrating the rainwater into the ground. It is to be so.

In addition, the fourth perforation 91 formed in the infiltration pipe 9 not only allows rainwater that has passed through the filter layer 4, etc. to flow into the interior, but also allows the inflow rainwater to fall through the fourth perforation 91 and the inlet hole. Due to the formation of negative pressure at the position where (51) communicates, air flows into the inlet hole (51) and the fourth hole (91), and the falling water and air are mixed into the ground below the filter media layer (4). This is to allow penetration.

In this way, the decomposition activity of microorganisms is promoted by the air infiltrated into the ground, thereby enabling decomposition of non-point pollutants remaining in the infiltrating rainwater as well as decomposition of other organic matter. In other words, the purification efficiency is further improved.

As described above, although the present invention has been described with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is of course not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art in the field to which the present invention pertains can easily understand the above-described contents. Of course, various modifications and variations may be possible.

2: cavity 3: planting layer
4: Filter layer 5: Drainage channel
6: Road 7: Grid
8: Filter material block
31: plants
41: first filter layer 42: second filter layer
43: 3rd filter layer 44: 4th filter layer
52: drainage hole
71: perforated hole 72: protruding pin
81: Second perforation 82: Side wall

Claims (5)

A cavity that is excavated so that rainwater flows in and a valley is formed on the lower surface in the downward direction;
A plurality of filter media layers filled in the lower part of the cavity, each filled with a different filter media, each having a valley formed in a downward direction;
A planting layer in which plants are planted on the upper part of the filter media layer and a valley is formed in a downward direction; and
It includes a drainage channel on the side of the cavity that communicates with the filter layer and the inflow hole and is connected to a public water body,
A plurality of perforations are formed at the interface of each layer, and a grid with a plurality of protruding pins is placed between the perforations,
In the center of each filter layer, a plurality of second perforations are formed on each side in the shape of a hexahedron to allow water to flow in multiple directions through the second perforations, and the protruding pin is inserted into the second perforation formed on the surface in contact with the grid. A filter media block is formed, which is fixed and filled with the filter media constituting each filter media layer, and both side walls of the filter media block are formed with a downward slope so that the downward load due to the valley is applied to the filter media located on both sides of the filter media block. A rainwater discharge system capable of purifying non-point pollutants, characterized in that the load applied to both side walls of the filter block is offset by each other.
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At the interface between the filter layer and the drainage channel, a plurality of infiltration pipes having a plurality of fourth holes are embedded so as to extend to the ground below the filter layer, and air is released by water falling through the infiltration pipes from the inflow hole communicating with the fourth hole. A rainwater discharge system capable of purifying non-point pollutants, characterized by the inflow of .