KR102649081B1 - Mooring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a floating body floating on the sea surface by buoyancy, a mooring anchor seated on the sea floor, a weight located in the water between the floating body and the mooring anchor, and a mooring device for mooring the floating body. It includes an anchor and a plurality of mooring lines connecting the floating body and the heavy body, each of the mooring lines having a closed curve shape; The mooring line has a first portion extending upward from the lower center portion caught in the U-shaped passage for the heavy body of the weight body, and both ends extending upward from the lower center portion hung in the U-shaped passage for the anchor of the mooring anchor. comprising a second portion extending to and a third portion connected to the first portion and the second portion with both ends extending downward from a central upper portion hooked to a mooring line hook for a floating body provided on the floating body; It is characterized by .

Description

Mooring system {MOORING SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to a mooring system for mooring various types of floating bodies (or marine floating structures) floating on the sea surface. Specifically, the floating body, mooring anchor, and weight body are connected by a plurality of mooring lines in the form of a closed curve. It's about mooring systems.

Various types of floating bodies floating on the sea surface are known. A floating foundation for floating offshore wind power generation is a representative example of a floating body.

Such a floating body can be moored by being connected to a mooring anchor placed on the sea floor by a mooring line.

Various mooring anchors are used, such as gravity anchors, drag-embedment anchors, suction anchors, etc.

As mooring methods, taut mooring, semi-taut mooring, TLP mooring (tension leg platform mooring), etc. are used.

The TLP mooring method is achieved by applying strong tensile force to vertical mooring lines called 'tendons', and is used in rough sea conditions compared to normal taut mooring or semi-taut mooring. It has the advantage of being able to stably maintain marine floating structures.

However, in order to maintain tension in the TLP mooring method, the distance between the floating body and the mooring anchor must be kept constant, but there is a problem in that it is difficult to maintain the tensile force when the position of the floating body changes due to the ebb and flow of the tide.

The biggest problem in the mooring system is how to connect the mooring line to the mooring anchor.

As a related technology, Korea Patent No. 10-1572938, “Gravity mooring device for floating structures” (registered on November 24, 2015) has been proposed.

In the conventional technology, a metal ring is provided on a gravity anchor, which is a concrete structure, and a mooring line is connected to the metal ring.

However, because this method has limitations in the adhesion between the metal ring and the concrete structure, there is a risk that the metal ring may be separated from the concrete structure if excessive tensile force is applied to the metal ring.

In addition, since mooring lines usually use metal materials such as wire rope or chain, the thickness of the mooring line must be selected in consideration of corrosion that occurs when the mooring line is in contact with seawater for a long period of time.

If you want to use the mooring line only for a short period of time when corrosion does not occur, the mooring line can be relatively thin as it is designed primarily for tensile stress. However, if you want to use the mooring line for a long period of time when corrosion occurs, the mooring line must be quite thick to take corrosion into account. have to lose

In addition, no matter how thick the mooring line is selected, it is necessary to replace the mooring line after proper use. At this time, the diver disconnects the old mooring line from the mooring anchor located in deep water, and also allows the diver to connect a new mooring line in deep water. There is a difficulty in connecting the line to the mooring anchor. Therefore, replacing mooring lines becomes a relatively difficult task and is difficult to carry out on a frequent basis.

Because it is difficult to replace the mooring line as described above, the mooring line is replaced at a relatively long cycle, and therefore, considering corrosion that occurs during a long cycle, the mooring line must have a very thick thickness.

Since such a very thick mooring line does not bend easily, there is a problem in that it is not easy to connect the mooring line to a mooring anchor located in deep water.

Republic of Korea No. 10-1572938 “Gravity mooring device for floating structures” (registered on November 24, 2015) Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2292821 “Floating concrete block structure and method of manufacturing the same” (registered on August 18, 2021)

The present invention was developed to solve the problems of the prior art as described above. The floating body, the mooring anchor, and the heavy body are connected by a plurality of mooring lines in the form of a closed curve, and the weight of the heavy body is used to control the floating body. The resilience can be increased, and even when the water level changes due to the ebb and flow of the tide, the tensile force on the mooring line can be maintained, and the shape of the mooring line changes even in external shocks such as typhoons, minimizing local shock. We would like to propose a mooring system in which the mooring line can be easily replaced and the mooring line can be coupled to a heavy body and mooring anchor with a very large holding force.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a floating body floating on the sea surface by buoyancy, a mooring anchor seated on the sea floor, a weight located in the water between the floating body and the mooring anchor, and the floating body. In the mooring system including a plurality of mooring lines connecting the mooring anchor, the floating body, and the weight body in order to moor: the weight body is a U-shaped U for the weight body for hanging the lower part of the mooring line. A shaped passageway is formed; The mooring anchor is formed with a U-shaped penetration passage for the U-shaped anchor for catching the lower part of the mooring line; Each of the mooring lines has a closed curve shape; The mooring line includes a first portion with both ends extending upward from the lower center portion caught in the U-shaped passage for the heavy body, and a second portion with both ends extending upward from the lower center portion caught in the U-shaped passage for the anchor. , a third part connected to the first part and the second part so that the mooring line forms a closed curve, with both ends extending downward from the central upper part hooked to the mooring line hook for the floating body provided on the floating body. ; It is characterized by .

In the above, the sum of the distance (L1) between the floating body and the weight body and the distance (L2) between the floating body and the mooring anchor is constant, and the distance between the floating body and the mooring anchor ( It is desirable that L2) be changed depending on the water level.

In the above: the weight body includes a concrete body for the weight body, and a U-shaped guide pipe for the weight body made of stainless steel built into the concrete body for the weight body to form a U-shaped penetration passage for the weight body; The mooring anchor includes a concrete body for the anchor, and a U-shaped guide pipe for the anchor made of stainless steel built into the concrete body for the anchor to form a U-shaped penetration passage for the anchor; This is desirable.

In the above: the weight body is formed with a concrete body for the weight body, and a plurality of vertical passages for the weight body penetrating the concrete body for the central body in the vertical direction; The floating body is formed with a plurality of vertical passages for the floating body that penetrate the floating body in the vertical direction; The second portion of the mooring line is arranged to pass through the vertical passage for the heavy body; The third portion of the mooring line is arranged to pass through the vertical passage for the floating body; This is desirable.

As described above, the present invention can increase the restoring force of the floating body by lowering the center of gravity of the floating body by using the weight of the heavy body.

In addition, the present invention allows the tensile force on the mooring line to be maintained as the shape of the mooring line changes even when the water level changes due to the ebb and flow of the tide, and the shape of the mooring line changes to prevent local shock even from external shocks such as typhoons. It can be minimized.

In addition, the present invention adopts a mooring line in the form of a closed curve, making it very easy to replace the mooring line.

In addition, the present invention can dramatically increase the bonding force between the mooring line and the heavy body and the bonding force between the mooring line and the mooring anchor.

1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a mooring system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a conceptual perspective view showing the structure of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a conceptual perspective view showing the main structure of the weight body, mooring anchor, and floating body in Figure 2;
Figure 3 is a conceptual perspective view showing the main structure of the heavy body, mooring anchor, and floating body in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a diagram showing changes in the positions of floating bodies and mooring anchors according to changes in water level;
Figure 5 is a diagram expressing a state in which tilting of a heavy body and a floating body is prevented by a mooring line;
Figure 6 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a mooring system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Below, with reference to the attached drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts that are not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are given similar reference numerals throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to “include” a certain element, this means that it may further include other elements rather than excluding other elements, unless specifically stated to the contrary.

First, a first embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a mooring system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a conceptual perspective view showing the structure of Figure 1, and the state of one mooring line out of four mooring lines passing a weight and a mooring anchor is shown with a hidden line.

Figure 3 is a conceptual perspective view showing the main structures of the weight body, mooring anchor, and floating body in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a diagram showing changes in the positions of floating bodies and mooring anchors according to changes in water level.

Figure 5 is a diagram expressing a state in which tilting of a heavy body and a floating body is prevented by a mooring line.

This mooring system consists of a weight body 100, a mooring anchor 200, a floating body 300, and a mooring line 400.

A floating unit (300) floats on the sea surface by buoyancy.

The floating body 300 may be made of metal, concrete, or a mixture of metal and concrete, and generally has a buoyancy chamber therein.

The floating body 300 is provided with a mooring line catch portion 311 for a plurality of floating bodies and a vertical passage 312 for a plurality of floating bodies.

The mooring line hook 311 for a floating body is a part that guides the movement of the mooring line 400 in a state where the upper part of the mooring line 400 is hung. In this embodiment, the mooring line hook 311 for a floating body is an example. , a fairlead provided on the floating body 300 is presented.

However, the mooring line catch portion 311 for a floating body can be applied to any mooring line 400 as long as it can guide the movement of the mooring line 400 while the upper part of the mooring line 400 is hung.

The vertical passage 312 for the floating body is formed so that the mooring line 400 passes through the floating body 300 in the vertical direction.

In order to form a vertical passage 312 for the floating body, a vertical guide pipe 312a for the floating body is provided in the floating body 300.

The vertical guide pipe 312a for the floating body is a stainless steel pipe provided in the floating body 300 to form a vertical passage 312 for the floating body.

The mooring anchor (200) is seated on the seafloor.

The mooring anchor 200 is provided with a plurality of mooring line catch portions 211 for anchors.

The mooring line latching portion 211 for a plurality of anchors is a portion that guides the movement of the mooring line 400 while the lower part of the mooring line 400 is caught. In this embodiment, the mooring line latching portion 211 for a plurality of anchors ) As an example, a U-shaped penetration passage 211 for a U-shaped anchor is formed in the mooring anchor 200.

Depending on the embodiment, the anchor mooring line catching portion 211 may be applied to anything that can guide the movement of the mooring line 400 while the lower middle portion of the mooring line 400 is hooked, and may include a pulley, It may be implemented in the form of a fairlead, etc.

The mooring anchor 200 may be made of metal or concrete.

When the mooring anchor 200 is made of concrete, the mooring anchor 200 may include a concrete body 210 for the anchor and a U-shaped guide pipe 211a for the anchor built therein.

The anchor concrete body 210 may be manufactured so that an empty space is formed or no empty space is formed inside the anchor concrete body 210, and the anchor concrete body 210 with an empty space formed therein may be filled with filler (sand, gravel, etc.) in the empty space. It is desirable to fill .

The U-shaped guide pipe 211a for the anchor is a U-shaped tube made of stainless steel built into the concrete body 210 for the anchor to form the U-shaped penetration passage 211 for the anchor.

In this embodiment, a gravity anchor is shown as the mooring anchor 200, but a penetration anchor, suction anchor, etc. may also be used as the mooring anchor 200.

The weight unit 100 is located in the water between the floating body 300 and the mooring anchor 200, and is spaced apart from the floating body 300 and the mooring anchor 200, respectively.

The heavy body 100 has the property of sinking in water unless there is a special external force.

The weight body 100 is formed with a mooring line catching portion 111 for a plurality of weight bodies and a vertical passage 112 for a plurality of weight bodies.

The mooring line latching portion 111 for a heavy body is a part that guides the movement of the mooring line 400 in a state where the lower part of the mooring line 400 is caught. In this embodiment, it is an example of the mooring line latching portion 111 for a heavy body. , a U-shaped through passage 111 for a U-shaped weight body is formed in the weight body 100.

Depending on the embodiment, the mooring line latching portion 111 for a heavy body may be applied to anything that can guide the movement of the mooring line 400 while the lower middle part of the mooring line 400 is caught, and may include a pulley, It may also be implemented in the form of a fairlead, etc.

The vertical passage 112 for the heavy body is formed so that the mooring line 400 passes through it in the vertical direction.

The weight body 100 may be made of metal or concrete.

When the weight body 100 is made of concrete, the weight body 100 includes a concrete body 110 for the weight body, a U-shaped guide tube 111a for the weight body built therein, and a vertical guide tube 112a for the weight body. It can be included.

The concrete body 110 for a heavy body can be manufactured so that an empty space is formed or no empty space is formed inside the concrete body 110 for a heavy body, and the concrete body 110 for a heavy body with an empty space is filled with a filler (sand, gravel, etc.) in the empty space. It is desirable to fill .

The U-shaped guide pipe 111a for a heavy body is a U-shaped pipe made of stainless steel built into the concrete body 110 for a heavy body to form a U-shaped passage 111 for the heavy body.

The vertical guide pipe 112a for the heavy body is a stainless steel pipe built into the concrete body 110 for the heavy body to form the vertical passage 112 for the heavy body.

Mooring cables 400 connect the mooring anchor 200, the floating body 300, and the heavy body 100 in order to moor the floating body 300.

In this mooring system, a plurality of mooring lines 400 (four mooring lines in this embodiment) are provided to moor one floating body 300, and each of the mooring lines 400 has a closed curve shape.

Each mooring line 400 can be divided into a first part 410, a second part 420, and a third part 430 depending on the part where it is caught.

The first part 410 is a part caught by the weight body 100, the second part 420 is a part caught by the mooring anchor 200, and the third part 430 is a part caught by the floating body 300. am.

The first portion 410 is a portion where both ends extend upward from the central lower portion of the heavy body 100 caught in the U-shaped passage 111 for the heavy body.

The second part 420 has both ends extending upward from the central lower part caught in the U-shaped passage 211 for the anchor of the mooring anchor 200, and forms a vertical passage 112 for the weight body 100. This is the part that passes through.

The third portion 430 extends downward at both ends from the central upper part caught on the mooring line catch portion 311 for the floating body 300, and forms a vertical passage 312 for the floating body 300 of the floating body 300. It is a passing area.

The third portion 430 is connected to the first portion 410 and the second portion 420, respectively, so that the mooring line 400 forms a closed curve. That is, as the third part 430 is connected between the first part 410 and the second part 420, the mooring line 400 forms a closed curve.

The mooring line 400 of this type has a closed curve shape with one first portion 410, one second portion 420, and two second portions 430, but forms a closed curve shape. Those numbers can be changed if you choose.

Hereinafter, the description will be made with reference to FIG. 4 .

Since the mooring line 400 has a closed curve shape and is continuously under tension, the mooring line 400 is always maintained in a tensioned state.

Accordingly, the sum of the distance L1 between the floating body 300 and the heavy body 100 and the distance L2 between the floating body 300 and the mooring anchor 200 is maintained constant.

Meanwhile, since the floating body 300 floats on the sea surface by buoyancy, the position of the floating body 300 changes depending on the water level, and the position of the mooring anchor 200 is fixed to the sea floor.

Therefore, the distance L2 between the floating body 300 and the mooring anchor 200 changes depending on the water level.

As a result, when the distance L2 between the floating body 300 and the mooring anchor 200 changes depending on the water level, the distance L1 between the floating body and the heavy body 100 also changes accordingly.

In other words, as L2 decreases, L1 increases accordingly, and as L2 increases, L1 decreases accordingly.

The U-shaped guide pipe 111a for the heavy body and the vertical guide pipe 112a for the heavy body provided in the heavy body 100, the U-shaped guide pipe 211a for the anchor provided in the mooring anchor 200, and the vertical guide for the anchor. The tube 212a and the vertical guide tube 312a for the floating body provided in the floating body 300 are all parts that come into contact with the mooring line 400, and are all stainless steel as friction occurs when the mooring line 400 moves. It is made of material.

This is to enable smooth movement of the mooring line 400, protect the concrete body 110 for a heavy body or the concrete body 210 for an anchor, and prevent corrosion even after long-term use.

Meanwhile, at least one of the weight body 100, the mooring anchor 200, and the floating body 300 is manufactured using the technology described in Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2292821 (a technology invented by the present inventor). It can be. The contents described in Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2292821 are considered to be integrated into this specification, and detailed description is omitted.

Explain the operation of this mooring system.

<Improvement of resilience by weight body (100)>

As the weight body 100 is connected to the floating body 300, the center of gravity of the floating body 300 is lowered, thereby increasing the restoring force of the floating body 300. Therefore, even when the floating body 300 is tilted, it remains in its original horizontal position. It can be easily restored to its original state.

- Typically, the restoring force of a ship is expressed in the relationship between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity, and the lower the center of gravity, the higher the restoring force is evaluated.

< Responding to tidal differences and external shocks >

This mooring system can respond to tidal fluctuations. That is, even when the water level changes, the shape of the mooring line 400 changes to match the water level, and the tensile force of the mooring line 400 can be maintained as is.

Furthermore, in this mooring system, even when a very large shock such as a tsunami, typhoon, etc. is applied to the floating body 300, the shape of the mooring line 400 changes in response to the shock, thereby causing a local shock applied to the mooring line 400. can be alleviated.

<Easy replacement of mooring line (400)>

In this mooring system, the mooring line 400 has a closed curve shape, so the mooring line 400 can be easily replaced.

A case of replacing one mooring line 400 among four mooring lines 400 will be described. At this time, the floating body 300 must be moored with three mooring lines 400.

(In some cases, it may be desirable to moor with 6 to 8 mooring lines 400 and replace one of them.)

At the top of the floating body 300, the mooring line 400 to be replaced is cut, and a new mooring line 400 is connected to one end of the mooring line 400 to be replaced. That is, the mooring line 400 that is to be replaced and the new mooring line 400 are connected to form a continuous line.

Thereafter, if the mooring line 400 to be replaced is removed by pulling the other end of the mooring line 400 to be replaced, the new mooring line 400 can be placed in the original position of the mooring line 400 to be replaced.

Afterwards, the mooring line replacement work is completed by connecting both ends of the new mooring line 400.

In this way, since the mooring line replacement work is performed at the top of the floating body 300, underwater work to replace the mooring line is unnecessary, and the overall replacement cost can be significantly reduced.

In addition, the replacement cost of the mooring line is reduced and the mooring line can be replaced at frequent intervals, thereby eliminating corrosion problems. As a result, only the mooring tension force can be considered when designing the thickness of the mooring line, so the mooring line can be made thinner. can do.

In addition, because the thickness of the mooring line can be reduced, it becomes very easy to connect the mooring line to a mooring anchor, gravity body, or floating body.

<Prevention of tilting of the heavy body 100 or floating body 300 by the mooring line>

In this system, the mooring line 400 passes through the vertical passage 112 for the heavy body and the vertical passage 312 for the floating body while having sufficient tensile force.

In this state, when the weight body 100 or the floating body 300 is tilted, the mooring line 400 extending tautly in the vertical direction contacts the weight body 100 or the floating body 300 and moves the weight body 100. It not only prevents the floating body 300 from tilting, but also restores the heavy body 100 or the floating body 300 to a horizontal state.

FIG. 5 conceptually illustrates that the mooring line 400 prevents the heavy body 100 or the floating body 300 from tilting.

< Very large support capacity due to U-shaped passage >

In this system, the mooring line 400 includes a U-shaped passage 111 for a heavy body formed inside the concrete body 110 for a heavy body and a U-shaped passage 211 for an anchor formed inside the concrete body 210 for an anchor. Since it is caught on the weight body 100 and the mooring anchor 200, the mooring line 400 is coupled to the weight body 100 and the mooring anchor 200 with a very large support force.

<Application to floating offshore wind power generation>

The floating body of the present invention can be applied as a floating foundation for floating offshore wind power generation, and in this case, a wind power generator must be installed on the top of the floating body.

If a floating body is manufactured at a dock and a heavy body is connected to the bottom in advance, high resilience can be obtained. Therefore, the work of installing a wind power generator on the upper part of the floating body to which the heavy body is connected can be performed at the dock, and then the wind power generator can be installed at the dock. After transporting the pre-installed floating body to the installation point, all that needs to be done is mooring the floating body to the mooring anchor at the installation point.

In other words, overall costs can be reduced in that there is no need to install a wind power generator on top of a floating body at sea.

Hereinafter, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that a plurality of weight bodies 100 are provided.

Depending on the embodiment, a plurality of mooring anchors 200 may also be provided.

The description of the present invention described above is for illustrative purposes, and those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention. will be. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. For example, each component described as unitary may be implemented in a distributed manner, and similarly, components described as distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims described below rather than the detailed description above, and all changes or modified forms derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

100: heavy body
110: Concrete body for central body
111: Mooring line hook for heavy body (U-shaped passage for heavy body)
111a: U-shaped guide tube for heavy body
112: Vertical passage for heavy body
112a: Up and down guide tube for heavy body
200: Mooring anchor
210: Concrete body for anchor
211: Mooring line hook for anchor (U-shaped passage for anchor)
211a: U-shaped guide tube for anchor
300: floating body
311: Mooring line hook for floating body
312: Vertical passage for floating body
312a: Up and down guide pipe for floating body
400: mooring line
410: Part 1
420: Part 2
430: Third part

Claims (4)

A floating body floating on the sea surface by buoyancy, a mooring anchor seated on the sea floor, a weight located in the water between the floating body and the mooring anchor, and the mooring anchor and the unit for mooring the floating body. In a mooring system comprising a plurality of mooring lines connecting a fluid and the mass:
The weight body is formed with a U-shaped through passage for the weight body in which the lower part of the mooring line is caught;
The mooring anchor is formed with a U-shaped penetration passage for the U-shaped anchor for catching the lower part of the mooring line;
Each of the mooring lines has a closed curve shape;
The mooring line includes a first portion with both ends extending upward from the lower center portion caught in the U-shaped passage for the heavy body, and a second portion with both ends extending upward from the lower center portion caught in the U-shaped passage for the anchor. , a third part connected to the first part and the second part so that the mooring line forms a closed curve, with both ends extending downward from the central upper part hooked to the mooring line hook for the floating body provided on the floating body. ;
A mooring system characterized by .
According to claim 1,
The sum of the distance (L1) between the floating body and the weight body and the distance (L2) between the floating body and the mooring anchor is constant, and the distance (L2) between the floating body and the mooring anchor is the water level A mooring system characterized in that it changes depending on.
According to clause 1:
The weight body includes a concrete body for the weight body, and a U-shaped guide pipe for the weight body made of stainless steel built into the concrete body for the weight body to form a U-shaped penetration passage for the weight body;
The mooring anchor includes a concrete body for the anchor, and a U-shaped guide pipe for the anchor made of stainless steel built into the concrete body for the anchor to form a U-shaped penetration passage for the anchor.
A mooring system characterized by .
According to clause 1:
The weight body is formed with a concrete body for the weight body, and a plurality of vertical passages for the weight body penetrating the concrete body for the central body in the vertical direction;
The floating body is formed with a plurality of vertical passages for the floating body that penetrate the floating body in the vertical direction;
The second portion of the mooring line is arranged to pass through the vertical passage for the heavy body;
The third portion of the mooring line is arranged to pass through the vertical passage for the floating body;
A mooring system characterized by .