KR102597836B1 - Block to reduce earth and water pressure and to increase load bearing, and a construction method to use the block - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is installed on the back of various walls (hereinafter described as retaining walls), including retaining walls and abutments, to reduce the earth pressure and water pressure acting on the retaining wall, and to increase the bearing capacity for various vertical loads acting from the top on the back of the retaining wall. This relates to increasing the stability, and more specifically, to reduce the earth pressure and water pressure applied to the retaining wall by giving blocks made of materials with a unit weight lighter than soil the function of increasing drainage and bearing capacity, and reducing vertical load. It relates to blocks that increase bearing capacity, reduce earth pressure and water pressure, and increase load support, and construction methods using the same.
In addition, it is characterized by comprising a polyhedral block body, at least one drain hole formed through the block body, and various supports capable of draining water inserted into the drain hole.

Description

Block to reduce earth and water pressure and increase load bearing, and construction method using the same {Block to reduce earth and water pressure and to increase load bearing, and a construction method to use the block}

The present invention is installed on the back of various walls (hereinafter described as retaining walls), including retaining walls and abutments, to reduce the earth pressure and water pressure acting on the retaining wall, and to increase the bearing capacity for various vertical loads acting from the top on the back of the retaining wall. This relates to increasing the stability, and more specifically, to reduce the earth pressure and water pressure applied to the retaining wall by giving blocks made of materials with a unit weight lighter than soil the function of increasing drainage and bearing capacity, and reducing vertical load. It relates to blocks that increase bearing capacity, reduce earth pressure and water pressure, and increase load support, and construction methods using the same.

In general, a retaining wall is a structure that maintains the slope of the rear slope above the natural angle of repose and resists background earth pressure. It is installed for the purpose of effective site use. Due to urbanization, increase in social infrastructure, and lack of available space, the installation of retaining walls is gradually increasing. there is.

However, as shown in Figure 1, the unit weight of the soil 101 backfilled with the back of the retaining wall 100 is not small, so a relatively large earth pressure acts on the back of the retaining wall 100, and in order to cope with this, a retaining wall is used. As the thickness of (100) had to be designed and constructed to be large, there was a problem in that it required a lot of time and money.

In addition, due to the retaining wall construction and site conditions, the drainage capacity of the soil on the back side to be backfilled is not sufficient, so drainage is not performed smoothly after construction. As a result, the soil on the back side is saturated with water and the unit weight increases, resulting in an increase in earth pressure. As the water level increases, the water pressure also increases, threatening the stability of the retaining wall 100 and causing various problems such as fullness of the retaining wall 100.

Accordingly, after installing the retaining wall 100, the back of the retaining wall 100 is filled with soil 101 to compact it, and at the same time, a separate drainage layer is formed using gravel 102, sand, crushed stone, etc. to form a drainage hole 103. However, it is installed to reduce the generation of water pressure acting on the retaining wall 100 by discharging it through the pipe 104. However, the drainage function of the retaining wall deteriorates over time after construction of the retaining wall 100, and the installation of adjacent facilities, etc. Due to changes in the surrounding environment, the earth pressure and water pressure acting on the retaining wall 100 increase significantly than the earth pressure and water pressure considered during design, threatening the safety of the retaining wall 100.

In order to reduce such problems, as in Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2004-0055950, “Soft Ground Structural Block,” the soil used as backfill is replaced with EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) blocks, which have a small unit weight and are light in weight. A method to reduce earth pressure acting on retaining walls has been developed.

However, EPS blocks have the advantage of reducing earth pressure because their unit weight is smaller than that of soil, but they do not have a drainage function, so they still have the problem of having to form a separate drainage layer using gravel, sand, crushed stone, etc. on the back of the retaining wall, and the vertical load. When exposed for a long period of time, there is concern that compressive deformation due to creep, etc. may increase, causing ground subsidence.

Accordingly, there is a need to develop technology that can facilitate smooth drainage and significantly increase the bearing load while using blocks made of materials with a unit weight lighter than soil.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2004-0055950 “Structural block for soft ground”

The present invention solves the problem of no drainage function of the EPS block method used for the purpose of reducing the earth pressure acting on the conventional retaining wall mentioned above and the problem of increased compressive deformation due to creep, etc., thereby reducing not only the earth pressure acting on the retaining wall but also the water pressure. The purpose is to increase the stability of retaining walls by providing a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support, and provides a construction method using the same, which can increase load-bearing capacity while reducing pressure.

Another object of the present invention is to further reduce earth pressure and water pressure compared to the conventional soil backfill method or EPS block fill method, so that the cross-section of the retaining wall can be designed and constructed to be smaller, thereby reducing the air and construction costs associated with retaining wall installation, thereby improving economic efficiency. The purpose is to pursue .

Another purpose of the present invention is to reduce concerns and problems about ground subsidence due to creep deformation of blocks that may occur from vertical loads by increasing load-bearing capacity compared to conventional block filling methods.

Another purpose of the present invention is to solve problems arising from a decrease in the drainage function of the retaining wall after construction and an increase in earth pressure, water pressure, and load acting on the retaining wall due to environmental changes, and to pursue the stability of the old retaining wall.

In order to achieve the above object, the combined block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention is a polyhedron made of EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) material with a unit weight lighter than soil and installed as a backfill on the back of a retaining wall or structural wall. A block body, at least one drain hole formed through the block body, a hollow support inserted into the drain hole to prevent creep deformation of the block body, and particles filled inside the support to have load-bearing and water-passing capabilities. It includes a filler in the form of a filler, wherein the filler includes at least one of gravel, sand, crushed stone, plastic balls, and foamed ceramic balls, and the drain hole is installed horizontally or at an angle with a first drain hole formed in a vertical direction. It consists of a second drain hole, and at least one of the first drain hole and the second drain hole is configured to cross and connect to each other.

In addition, the support body is characterized by a plurality of through holes arranged along the outer peripheral surface.

In addition, it is characterized in that it further includes a filter material coupled to the end of the support.

In addition, it is characterized in that it further includes a filter material surrounding the outside of the support.

In addition, the support body is configured to penetrate other block bodies arranged above and below at once.

In addition, the block body further includes a block surface plate on the upper surface of the block body to support an upper load.

In addition, the block surface plate is characterized in that it is configured to be combined with another block surface plate installed in an adjacent block body.

In addition, the block surface plate is characterized by a groove through which water can flow in a horizontal direction.

In addition, the block body further includes a block surface plate for supporting an upper load on the upper surface of the block body, and the block surface plate is configured to be integrated with or combined with the support body.

In addition, the block surface plate is characterized in that it is configured to be combined with another block surface plate installed in an adjacent block body.

In addition, the block surface plate is characterized by a groove through which water can flow in a horizontal direction.

In addition, the construction method using a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention is to install at least one block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support as a backfill on the back of a retaining wall or structure wall, and then pouring soil and sand. It is characterized by construction by filling the ground.

As described above, according to the block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and the construction method using the same, a drainage hole is formed in the block, and the drainage hole is filled with one or more of the support and the filler, thereby forming a retaining wall. It has the effect of significantly reducing the applied earth pressure and water pressure, thereby increasing the load-bearing capacity and effectively increasing the stability of the retaining wall.

In addition, according to the block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and the construction method using the same, earth pressure and water pressure are further reduced compared to the conventional soil backfill method or EPS block fill method, and the thickness of the retaining wall is also thinner. Because it can be designed and constructed, it has the effect of increasing economic efficiency by reducing the time and construction costs required to install a retaining wall.

In addition, according to the block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and the construction method using the same, the load-bearing capacity of the block is greatly increased through the filler and support installed in the drain hole of the block, thereby reducing the block's load that may occur from vertical loads. It is effective in preventing ground subsidence due to creep deformation.

In addition, according to the block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and the construction method using the same, it is possible to maintain an effective drainage function for a long period of time while preventing soil loss through the filler, support, and filter material in the block, thereby maintaining the effective drainage function of the retaining wall. It has the effect of increasing stability.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a retaining wall using conventional soil as backfill and forming a drainage layer.
Figure 2 or 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a retaining wall installed according to a construction method using blocks that reduce earth pressure and water pressure and increase load support according to the present invention.
Figures 4 to 6 are plan views showing a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is a plan view showing a block surface plate applied to a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 8 is a plan view showing another example of a block surface plate applied to a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a filter material for a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.
Figure 12 or Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of installation of a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention disclosed in this specification are merely illustrative for the purpose of explaining the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention, and the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention are It may be implemented in various forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

Since the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention can make various changes and have various forms, the embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in this specification. However, this is not intended to limit the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention to specific disclosed forms, and includes all changes, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

Figure 2 or Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a retaining wall installed according to a construction method using blocks that reduce earth pressure and water pressure and increase load support according to the present invention, and Figures 4 to 6 show earth pressure and water pressure reduction according to the present invention, It is a plan view showing a block for both increasing load support and Figure 7 is a plan view showing a block surface plate applied to a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and Figure 8 is a plan showing a block surface plate for reducing earth pressure and water pressure according to the present invention. , It is a plan view showing another example of a block surface plate applied to a block for increasing load support, and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section of a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, and Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the block It is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the invention, and Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a filter material for a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention. 12 or 13 is a diagram showing an example of installation of a block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, the construction method using a block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention uses at least one block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support on the back of the retaining wall 100 as a backfill. After installation, it is completed by filling the soil (101).

At this time, a hollow support (conceptually shown by a dotted line, 3) is formed individually in each block (hereinafter referred to as a block) for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support according to the present invention, or as shown in Figure 3, One support (conceptually shown as a dotted line, 3) may be formed to penetrate a plurality of blocks 10, and the block 10 supports the earth pressure of the soil 101 and supports the retaining wall 100 through the support 3. ) Water is drained through the drain hole 103 and the perforated pipe 104 installed at the bottom, and the blocks 10 and 10a can be composed of various types of polyhedrons without any special restrictions on the shape.

At this time, a drainage material 105 is disposed between the retaining wall 100 and the block 10 so that the water drained through the block 10 flows into the drainage hole 103 of the retaining wall 100 or the perforated pipe 104 at the bottom. You can.

Additionally, gravel 102 may be installed at the bottom of the block 100 to allow water to drain into the perforated pipe 104, and various other types of drainage materials may be installed.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the block 10 according to the present invention includes a polyhedral block body 1 made of a material with a unit weight lighter than soil, including expanded polystyrene (EPS) material, and the block body. At least one drainage hole (2) is formed penetrating (1) to effectively discharge water flowing from the soil to the back of the retaining wall.

At this time, the drain hole 2 is basically configured to have the same arrangement shape and number of drain holes 2 formed on each side, but may be configured to differ as needed.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the drain hole 2 formed in the block body 1 of the block 10 according to the present invention is filled with a filler 4 or a hollow support 3 is inserted. It can be.

Alternatively, a hollow support (3) may be inserted into the drain hole (2), and the inside of the support (3) may be filled with a filler (4).

However, if only particle-shaped filler is filled in the drain hole (2), the filler is compressed by the upper load, which may cause a saturation phenomenon that deforms the surrounding EPS by pushing it to the side, so the support body (3) is inserted, or It is preferable that the support (3) and the filler (4) are used together.

In this way, the support body (3) greatly increases the overall load-bearing capacity of the drain hole (2) and the block body (1). In particular, when the drain hole (2) is filled with only filler in the form of particles, the upper load This effectively prevents the concern that the filler may compress and deform the surrounding EPS by pushing it to the side, thereby preventing the phenomenon of reduced load support effectiveness.

In other words, the support body 3 significantly increases the load-bearing capacity and can effectively prevent ground subsidence due to creep deformation of the block 10 that may occur from the load.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, it is configured to further include a filler (4) filled inside the hollow support (3) inserted into the drain hole (2), or as shown in FIG. 6, a separate support (3) ) may be configured to directly fill the drain hole (2) with the filler (4).

At this time, the filler 4 may be composed of at least one of gravel, sand, crushed stone, plastic balls, and foamed ceramic balls so as to have excellent water permeability and support the load.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the block body 1 may be configured to further include a block surface plate 6 for supporting an upper load on the upper surface.

The block surface plate 6 is preferably formed with a plurality of block drainage holes 6a for drainage to drain water into the support, and is preferably made of one of plastic, metal, and geotextile, and the block body 1 and the support By distributing the load transmitted through (3) to the entire block body, it is possible to effectively prevent the support body (3) from penetrating into another block body below due to the load.

In addition, as shown in Figure 8 or Figure 9, the block surface plate 6 is formed with a groove 6b through which water can flow in the horizontal direction to facilitate drainage through the drain hole 6a. You can.

Alternatively, grooves may be formed directly on the block body 1, and the grooves 6a may be formed in various shapes, including a lattice shape.

In addition, the block surface plate 6 may be simply placed on the upper surface of the block body 1, or the block surface plate 6 may be glued to the top of the block body 1, or may be attached or detached. It may be configured.

Alternatively, the block surface plates 6 may be stacked to cover the upper surfaces of a plurality of adjacent blocks at once, so that one block surface plate 6 may be installed over several blocks.

Additionally, the block surface plate 6 may be configured to be combined with another block surface plate installed on an adjacent block body for more robust installation.

When the block surface plate 6 and another block surface plate are combined, the connection portion is configured to transmit moment and shear force, and the connection portion between the block surface plate 6 and the support body 3 is configured to transmit axial load. desirable.

Alternatively, the block surface plate 6 and the support body 3 may be formed as one piece.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, the plurality of drain holes 2 formed in the block body 1 include a first drain hole 2a formed in the vertical direction and a second drain hole 2b installed in the horizontal or inclined direction. ), and at least one of the first drain hole (2a) and the second drain hole (2b) may be configured to intersect and connect to each other, and the position where each support (3a, 3b) intersects allows water to drain. It is desirable to be connected as much as possible.

In addition, depending on the direction of the load applied to the block 1, the inside of each support 3 is filled with the filler 4, or the first support 3a is formed in the vertical direction as in another embodiment shown in FIG. 8. It may be configured so that only the filler 4 is filled.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, the inclination angle, path, location, number, etc. where the second drain hole 2b and the second support body 3b are installed can be changed in various ways.

In addition, the filter material 5 is configured to allow water to pass through while retaining soil, and may be configured to surround the support 3, be coupled to the upper end of the support 3, or cover the upper end, A variety of materials, including geotextiles, can be used to prevent soil loss.

As in another embodiment shown in FIG. 11, it may be configured to prevent loss of soil by being coupled to the end of the support 3, and the filter material 5 is filled with geotextile 5c in the center, It may be in the form of a cap with a flange (5a) formed along the edge, coupled to the support body (3) or the end of the drain hole, and the flange (5a) is fixed to the block body (1).

Alternatively, the filter material 5 may be directly coupled to the upper end of the drain hole or may be configured to cover the upper end.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, when the block surface plate 6 is further included, the block surface plate 6 distributes the upper load transmitted through the support body 3b, thereby supporting the block body 1. It has the advantage of being able to be installed according to the installation environment without having to align it vertically.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 13, one support body 3b is installed penetrating the plurality of block bodies 1, and drainage materials including rubble, sand, and drainage plates may be additionally installed at the bottom.

In this case, after installing the plurality of block bodies 1 in advance, the support body 3b may be configured to form a drain hole while penetrating the plurality of block bodies 1.

As described above, the present invention has been described focusing on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is clear to those skilled in the art that many obvious modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention from this description. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be construed by the appended claims to include examples of many such modifications.

1: block body
2: Drain hole
3: support
4: Filling material
5: Filter material
6: Block surface plate
7: drain pipe
10: Block for reducing earth pressure and water pressure and increasing load support
100: retaining wall
101: Tosa
102: gravel
103: drain hole
104: pipe

Claims (11)

A polyhedral block body is installed as a backfill on the back of the retaining wall and is made of EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) material with a unit weight lighter than the soil to reduce the earth pressure and water pressure generated by the weight of the soil and to increase load support;
At least one drain hole formed through the block body;
A hollow supporter inserted into the drainage hole to greatly increase the load-bearing capacity of the block body to effectively prevent ground subsidence due to long-term creep deformation of the block body that may occur from the load;
Includes a filler in the form of particles inside the support,
The filler is
Contain at least one of gravel, sand, crushed stone, plastic balls, and foamed ceramic balls.
It is constructed to have water passage and load bearing capacity,
The support is characterized in that it is configured to prevent the phenomenon of fullness in which the filler is compressed by the upper load and deformed laterally.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
delete According to clause 1,
The drain hole is
a first drain hole formed in a vertical direction;
It consists of a second drain hole installed horizontally or obliquely,
At least one of the first drain hole and the second drain hole is configured to cross and connect to each other.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 1,
The support is characterized in that a plurality of through holes are formed along the outer peripheral surface.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 1,
Characterized in that it further comprises a filter material coupled to the end of the support or surrounding the outside of the support.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 1,
The support body is configured to penetrate other block bodies arranged above and below at once.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 1,
Characterized in that it further includes a block surface plate on the upper surface of the block body to support the upper load.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 7,
The block surface plate is characterized in that grooves are formed through which water can flow in a horizontal direction.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 7,
The block surface plate is configured to be integrated with or combined with the support.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
According to clause 7,
The block surface plate is installed over several blocks in a stacked form, covering the upper surfaces of a plurality of blocks at once.
A block that reduces earth and water pressure and increases load support.
Construction is performed by installing at least one block that reduces earth pressure and water pressure and increases load support according to any one of paragraphs 1, 3 to 10 as backfill or fill material on the back of a retaining wall or structure wall and then fills the soil. characterized by
Construction method using blocks that reduce earth and water pressure and increase load support.