KR102503884B1 - 시토신 변형의 중아황산염-유리 염기-해상도 식별 - Google Patents
시토신 변형의 중아황산염-유리 염기-해상도 식별 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102503884B1 KR102503884B1 KR1020207022948A KR20207022948A KR102503884B1 KR 102503884 B1 KR102503884 B1 KR 102503884B1 KR 1020207022948 A KR1020207022948 A KR 1020207022948A KR 20207022948 A KR20207022948 A KR 20207022948A KR 102503884 B1 KR102503884 B1 KR 102503884B1
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2a~2b. DNA 올리고에 대한 Pic-보란 반응. (도 2a) pic-보란으로 처리한 5caC-함유 11량체 모델 DNA의 MALDI 특성 분석. 계산된 질량(m/z)은 각 그래프의 상단에 표시되어 있고, 관찰된 질량은 피크의 좌측에 표시되어 있다. (도 2b) dC 및 다양한 시토신 유도체의 전환율은 HPLC-MS/MS에 의해 정량화하였다. 데이터는 3가지 복제물의 평균 ± SD로 표시하였다.
도 3a~3b. 단일 뉴클레오시드 pic-보란 반응. 1H 및 13C NMR 결과는 2'-데옥시-5,6-디하이드로우리딘에 대한 이전 보고서와 일치하였다(I. Aparici-Espert 등 J. Org. Chem. 81, 4031-4038 (2016) 참조). (도 3a) 단일 뉴클레오시드 pic-보란 반응 생성물의 1H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 차트. δ ppm: 6.28 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.81 (m, 1H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H). (도 3b) 단일 뉴클레오시드 pic-보란 반응 생성물의 13C NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz) 차트. δ ppm: 171.56 (CO), 153.54 (CO), 85.97 (CH), 83.86 (CH), 70.99 (CH), 61.92 (CH2), 36.04 (CH2), 35.46 (CH2), 30.49 (CH2).
도 4a~4b. 5caC의 DHU로의 보란 전환을 보여주고 5caC의 DHU로의 보란 반응에 대한 제안 메커니즘을 보여주는 도표(도 4a); 및 5fC의 DHU로의 보란 전환을 보여주고 5fC의 DHU로의 보란 반응에 대한 제안 메커니즘을 보여주는 도표(도 4b).
도 5a~5b. (도 5a)복제물이 티민으로서 작용할 때, TAPS 방법이 5mC 및 5hmC 둘 다를 DHU로 전환시킴을 보여주는 도표. (도 5b) TAPS, TAPSβ 및 CAPS 방법의 개요.
도 6. 5fC 및 5caC의 차단과 상관없이 pic-보란에 의해 처리된 5fC 및 5caC 함유 모델 DNA 올리고의 MALDI 특성 분석. 5fC 및 5caC는 pic-BH3에 의해 디하이드로우라실(DHU)로 전환된다. 5fC는 하이드록실아민 유도체, 예컨대, 옥심(oxime)이 되어 pic-보란 전환에 저항하게 될 O-에틸하이드록실아민(EtONH2)에 의해 차단하였다. 5caC는 EDC 접합을 통해 에틸아민에 의해 차단하고, pic-보란에 의한 전환을 차단하는 아미드로 전환시켰다. 계산된 MS(m/z)는 각 그래프의 상단에 표시되어 있고, 관찰된 MS는 피크의 좌측에 표시되어 있다.
도 7. 5hmC의 차단과 상관없이 KRuO 4 및 pic-보란으로 처리한 5mC 및 5hmC 함유 모델 DNA 올리고의 MALDI 특성 분석. 5hmC는 글루코오스가 포함된 βGT로 차단하여 5gmC로 전환시킬 수 있었다. 5mC, 5hmC 및 5gmC는 pic-보란에 의해 전환시킬 수 없었다. 5hmC는 KRuO4에 의해 5fC로 산화된 다음 pic-보란에 의해 DHU로 전환될 수 있었다. 계산된 MS(m/z)는 각 그래프의 상단에 표시되어 있고, 관찰된 MS는 피크의 좌측에 표시되어 있다.
도 8a~8b. 제한 효소 소화는 TAPS가 5mC를 T로 효과적으로 전화시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. (도 8a) TAPS에 의해 야기된 서열 변화를 확인하기 위한 제한 효소 분해 검정의 도시. (도 8b) TAPS에 의해 야기된 C-T 전이를 확인하기 위한 TaqαI-분해 시험. TAPS는, TaqαI 제한 부위를 갖고 5개의 완전히 메틸화된 CpG 부위(5mC) 및 이의 비메틸화 대조군(C)을 함유하는 222 bp 모델 DNA 상에서 수행하였다. PCR-증폭된 222 bp 모델 DNA는 5mC, C 및 C TAPS에 나타낸 바와 같이 TaqαI에 의해 약 160 bp 및 약 60 bp의 단편으로 절단될 수 있다. 메틸화된 DNA 상에서의 TAPS 후, T(mC)GA 서열은 TTGA로 전환되고, 5mC-TAPS 레인에 도시된 바와 같이 TaqαI 분해에 의해 더 이상 절단되지 않는다.
도 9a~9b. 222 bp 모델 DNA 및 mESC gDNA 상에서의 TAPS. (도 9a) TAPS 이전(5mC, C) 및 이후(5mC TAPS, C TAPS)의, 5개의 완전히 메틸화된 CpG 부위 및 이의 비메틸화 대조군을 함유하는 222 bp 모델 DNA에 대한 생거 시퀀싱 결과. 5mC만이 TAPS 방법에 의해 T로 전환된다. (도 9b) NgTET1 산화 이후 및 pic-보란 환원 이후, mESCs gDNA 대조군에서 상대적인 변형 수준의 HPLC-MS/MS 정량화. 데이터는 3가지 복제물의 평균 ± SD로 표시하였다.
도 10a~10d, TAPS는 아황산염과 비교하여 유의한 DNA 분해를 일으키지 않았다. 얼음조에서 냉각시키기 전(도 10a) 및 후(도 10b)의, 222 bp 비메틸화 DNA, 222 bp 메틸화 DNA 및 mESC gDNA의 아가로오스 겔 이미지. TAPS 후에는 검출 가능한 DNA 분해가 관찰되지 않았고, DNA는 이중 가닥으로 남아 있었으며 냉각시키지 않고도 시각화할 수 있었다. 중아황산염 전환은 분해를 생성하였고, DNA는 단일 가닥이 되었으며 얼음으로 냉각시킨 후에야 시각화할 수 있었다. (도 10c) TAPS와 중아황산염으로 처리한 다양한 단편 길이의 mESC gDNA를 얼음을 이용해 냉각시키기 전(좌측 패널)과 후(우측 패널)의 아가로오스 겔 이미지. TAPS 후에 DNA는 이중 가닥을 유지하였고 겔 상에서 직접 시각화할 수 있었다. 중아황산염 처리는 샘플에 더 많은 손상과 단편화를 초래하였고, DNA는 단일 가닥이 되었으며 얼음으로 냉각시킨 후에야 시각화할 수 있었다. TAPS 전환은 도 15에 도시된 바와 같은 단편 길이와 관계없이 모든 gDNA에 대해 완전했다. (도 10d) TAPS 전과 후의 222 bp 모델 DNA의 아가로오스 겔 이미지(3개의 독립적 반복체)는 반응 후 검출 가능한 분해를 나타내지 않았다.
도 11. TAPS 전후의 모델 DNA 간의 증폭 곡선과 용융 곡선의 비교. qPCR 검정은 증폭 곡선에서 TAPS 전후의 모델 DNA에 대해 사소한 차이를 나타냈다. TAPS 이후, 메틸화된 DNA(5mC)의 용융 곡선은 낮은 온도로 이동하여 가능한 Tm-감소형 C-T 전환을 나타낸 반면, 비메틸화 DNA(C)의 경우 이동이 없었다.
도 12. 생거 시퀀싱에 의해 입증된 바와 같이 TAPS, TAPSβ 및 CAPS 이후에 유도된 완전한 C-T 전이. 단일 메틸화 및 단일 하이드록시메틸화 CpG 부위를 함유하는 모델 DNA를 본원에 기술된 바와 같이 제조하였다. TAPS 전환은 본원에 기술된 바와 같은 NgTET1 산화 및 피리딘 보란 환원 프로토콜에 따라 수행하였다. TAPSβ 전환은 5hmC 차단, NgTET1 산화 및 피리딘 보란 환원 프로토콜에 따라 수행하였다. CAPS 전환은 5hmC 산화 및 피리딘 보란 환원 프로토콜에 따라 수행하였다. 전환 후, 1 ng의 전환된 DNA 샘플을 Taq DNA 중합효소에 의해 PCR 증폭시키고 생거 시퀀싱에 맞게 처리하였다. TAPS는 5mC 및 5hmC 둘 다를 T로 전환시켰다. TAPSβ는 5mC를 선택적으로 전환시킨 반면, CAPS는 5hmC로 선택적으로 전환시켰다. 3가지 방법 중 어느 것도 미변형 시토신 및 다른 염기에 대한 전환을 초래하지 않았다.
도 13a~13b. (도 13a) TAPS는 다양한 DNA 및 RNA 중합효소와 호환가능하며, 생거 시퀀싱으로 나타난 바와 같이 완전한 C-T 전이를 유도한다. 중합효소 시험을 위한 메틸화된 CpG 부위를 함유하는 모델 DNA 및 프라이머 서열이 본원에 기술되어 있다. TAPS 처리 후, 5mC는 DHU로 전환되었다. KAPA HiFi 우라실 + 중합효소, Taq 중합효소, 및 Vent exo-중합효소는 DHU를 T로서 판독하게 될 것이고, 따라서 PCR 후에 완전한 C-T 전환을 유도하게 될 것이다. 대안적으로, 클레나우 단편, Bst DNA 중합효소, 및 phi29 DNA 중합효소를 포함하는 등온 중합효소 및 비오틴-표지된 프라이머로 프라이머 연장을 수행하였다. 새로 합성한 DNA 가닥을 Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1에 의해 분리한 다음 Taq 중합효소를 사용해 PCR 증폭시키고 생거 시퀀싱에 맞게 처리하였다. T7 RNA 중합효소는 DHU를 효율적으로 우회하여 DHU 부위 반대 쪽에 아데닌을 삽입할 수 있는데, 이는 RT-PCR과 생거 시퀀싱에 의해 입증된다. (도 13b) 특정 다른 상업화된 중합효소는 DNA를 함유하는 DHU을 효율적으로 증폭하지 않았다. TAPS 처리 후, 5mC는 DHU로 전환되었다. KAPA HiFi 우라실 + 중합효소 및 Taq 중합효소는 DHU를 T로서 판독하게 될 것이고, 따라서 완전한 C-T 전환을 유도하게 될 것이다. KAPA HiFi 중합효소, Pfu 중합효소, Phusion 중합효소 및 NEB Q5 중합효소(미도시)를 포함하여 특정 다른 상업화된 중합효소로는 낮은 C-T 전환이 관찰되거나 C-T 전환이 관찰되지 않았다.
도 14. DHU는 T 및 C와 비교해 PCR 바이어스를 나타내지 않는다. 하나의 DHU/U/T/C 변형을 함유하는 모델 DNA를 본원에 기술된 바와 같이 상응하는 DNA 올리고와 합성하였다. DHU/U/T/C 변형을 갖는 각 모델 DNA에 대한 표준 곡선은 모델 DNA 입력의 1:10 연속 희석물과의 qPCR 반응에 기초하여 플롯팅하였다(0.1 pg에서 1 ng까지, 모든 qPCR 실험은 3회 실시함). 로그 농도(ng) 값과 평균 Ct 값 간의 회귀선의 기울기는 Excel의 SLOPE 함수로 계산하였다. PCR 효율은 다음의 식을 사용하여 계산하였다: 효율(%) = (10^(-1/기울기)-1)*100%. 증폭 인자는 다음의 식을 사용하여 계산하였다: 증폭 인자=10^(-1/기울기). DHU 또는 T 또는 C 변형을 갖는 모델 DNA에 대한 PCR 효율은 거의 같았는데, 이는 DHU가 규칙적인 염기로서 판독될 수 있고 PCR 바이어스를 야기하지 않을 것임을 입증한 것이다.
도 15a~15b. TAPS는 DNA 단편 길이에 상관없이 5mC를 T로 완전히 전환시켰다. (도 15a) TaqαI-분해 검정의 아가로오스 겔 이미지를 통해 DNA 단편 길이에 관계없이 모든 샘플에서 5mC의 T로의 완전한 전환을 확인하였다. 람다 게놈에서 유래된 194 bp 모델 서열을 TAPS 후 PCR 증폭하고 TaqαI 효소로 분해하였다. 전환되지 않은 샘플에서 증폭한 PCR 생성물은 절단될 수 있었지만, TAPS 처리한 샘플에서 증폭한 생성물은 온전한 상태를 유지하였는데, 이는 제한 부위의 소실 및 이에 따른 완전한 5mC-T 전환을 시사한다. (도 15b) C-T 전환율은 겔 밴드 정량화에 의해 추정하였고, 시험된 모든 DNA 단편 길이에 대해 100%로 나타났다.
도 16. 상이한 TAPS 조건에 대한 전환 및 위양성. mTet1과 피리딘 보란의 조합은, NgTET1 또는 pic-보란을 사용하는 다른 조건들에 비해, 메틸화된 C의 최고 전환율(96.5%, 완전히 CpG 메틸화된 람다 DNA로 계산함) 및 미변형 C의 최저 전환율(0.23%, 2 kb의 미변형 스파이크-인으로 계산함)을 달성하였다. 막대 위에는 시험된 모든 시토신 부위의 전환율 +/- SE를 표시하였다.
도 17a~17b. 짧은 스파이크-인(spike-in)에 대한 전환율. 5mC 및 5hmC를 함유하는 120량체-1(도 17a) 및 120량체-2(도 17b). 2개의 가닥 모두에서 5mC 및 5hmC 부위에 대한 거의 완전한 전환을 달성하였다. 변형 상태가 포함된 실제 서열은 상단과 하단에 도시되어 있다.
도 18a~18e. 전장 게놈 중아황산염 시퀀싱(WGBS: Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing) 대비 개선된 TAPS 시퀀싱의 정확도. (도 18a) TAPS 처리된 DNA에서 5mC 및 5hmC의 전환율. 좌측: 알려진 위치에서 메틸화 또는 하이드록시메틸화된 합성 스파이크-인(CpN). (18b) 미변형된 2 kb 스파이크-인으로 인한 TAPS 위양율. (18c) 하나의 단일 코어 Intel Xeon CPU를 이용해 1백만개의 모의 판독을 처리할 때 TAPS 및 WGBS의 총 실행 시간. (18d) 게놈에 맵핑된 모든 시퀀싱된 판독 쌍(절사 후)의 분획. (18e) Illumina BasEspace에 의해 보고된 바와 같이, 모든 시퀀싱된 판독 쌍에서 첫 번째 및 두 번째 판독에 대한 염기 당 시퀀싱 정확도 점수. 상단: TAPS. 하단: WGBS.
도 19a~19b. WGBS에 비해 TAPS의 균일한 커버리지가 더 많고 커버되지 않는 위치는 더 적었다. 가닥 모두에 대해 연산한, WGBS와 TAPS 간의 모든 염기(도 19a) 및 CpG 부위(도 19b)에 걸친 커버리지 깊이 비교. "TAPS(다운 샘플링함)"의 경우, 모든 맵핑된 TAPS 판독 중 무작위 판독을 선택하여 중앙 값 커버리지를 WGBS의 중앙 값 커버리지에 일치시켰다. 커버리지가 50Х를 초과하는 위치는 마지막 빈(bin)에 도시된다.
도 20. 모든 염색체에 걸친 변형 수준의 분포. CpG의 커버리지에 따라 가중치를 부여하고 윈도우 크기가 10인 가우시안 가중 이동 평균 필터를 사용하여 평활화한, 마우스 염색체를 따르는 100 kb 윈도우에서의 평균 변형 수준.
도 21a~21e. TAPS 및 WGBS에 의한 게놈 전체에 걸친 메틸롬(methylome) 측정치의 비교. (도 21a) 모든 마우스 CpG 섬(20개의 윈도우로 비닝됨) 및 4 kbp의 측면 영역(50개의 동일한 크기의 윈도우로 비닝됨)에서의 평균 시퀀싱 커버리지 깊이. 시퀀싱 깊이의 차이를 설명하기 위해, 맵핑된 모든 TAPS 판독을 다운샘플링하여 게놈 전체에 걸쳐 맵핑된 WGBS의 중간 값을 일치시켰다. (도 21b) TAPS 단독, TAPS 및 WGBS 모두 또는 WGBS 단독에 의한 적어도 3개의 판독에 의해 커버된 CpG 부위. (도 21c) TAPS 단독, TAPS 및 WGBS 또는 WGBS 단독에 의해 검출된 변형 수준 > 0.1인 적어도 3개의 판독에 의해 커버된 CpG 부위의 수. (도 21d) TAPS 및 WGBS에 대한 변형 수준(%)의 염색체 분포의 예. 윈도우 크기가 10인 가우시안 가중 이동 평균 필터를 사용하여 평활화한, 마우스 염색체 4를 따르는 100 kb 윈도우 당 변형된 CpG의 평균 분획. (도 21e) TAPS 및 WGBS 둘 다에서 적어도 3개의 판독에 의해 커버된 CpG 부위의 수를 나타내는 히트맵으로서, 각 방법에 의해 측정된 변형 수준별로 분류한 것. 더 나은 대비를 위해, 두 방법 모두에서 변형되지 않은 CpG를 함유하는 제1 빈은 색도에서 제외시키고 별모양으로 표시하였다.
도 22. CpG 섬 주위의 변형 수준. CpG 섬(20개의 윈도우에 비닝됨) 및 4 kbp 측면 영역(50개의 동일한 크기의 윈도우에 비닝됨)에서의 평균 변형 수준. 커버리지가 3판독 미만인 빈은 무시하였다.
도 23a~b. TAPS는 WGBS보다 더 작은 커버리지-변형 바이어스를 나타낸다. 모든 CpG 부위를 이들의 커버리지에 따라 비닝하였으며, 변형의 평균 값(원) 및 중앙 값(삼각형)은 각각의 빈에 도시되어 있다(WGBS의 경우 도 23a, TAPS의 경우(도 23b). 100개가 넘는 판독에 의해 커버된 CpG 부위는 마지막 빈에 도시되어 있다. 선은 데이터 점들을 통과하는 선형 피팅을 나타낸다.
도 24a~24c. dsDNA 및 ssDNA 라이브러리 제조 키트로 제조한 저-입력 gDNA 및 세포-유리 DNA DNA TAPS. (도 24a) dsDNA 라이브러리 키트 NEBNext Ultra II 또는 KAPA Hyperplus 키트를 이용해, 최저 1 ng의 쥣과 배아 줄기세포(mESC) 게놈 DNA(gDNA)를 사용해 시퀀싱 라이브러리를 성공적으로 작제하였다. ssDNA 라이브러리 키트 Accel-NGS Methyl-Seq 키트는 입력 DNA 양을 0.01 ng의 mESC gDNA까지(도 24b) 또는 1 ng의 세포-유리 DNA까지(도 24c) 더 낮추기 위해 사용하였다.
도 25a~25b. dsDNA KAPA Hyperplus 라이브러리 제조 키트로 제조된 저 입력 gDNA 및 세포-유리 DNA TAPS 라이브러리. 시퀀싱 라이브러리는 KAPA Hyperplus 키트를 이용해 적게는 1 ng의 mESC gDNA(도 25a) 및 세포-유리 DNA를 사용해 성공적으로 작제하였다. 세포-유리 DNA는 혈장 뉴클레아제 분해로 인해 약 160 bp(뉴클레오좀 크기)의 예리한 길이 분포를 갖는다. 라이브러리 작제 후, 이는 약 300 bp가 되는데, 이는 도 25b에서의 예리한 밴드이다.
도 26a~26d. 고품질의 세포-유리 DNA TAPS. (도 26a) TAPS 처리된 cfDNA에서 5mC의 전환율. (도 26b) TAPS 처리된 cfDNA에서의 위양성율. (도 26c) 게놈에 고유하게 맵핑된 모든 시퀀싱된 판독 쌍의 분획. (도 26d) 게놈에 독특하게 맵핑되고, 이후 PCR 복제 판독이 제거된 모든 시퀀싱된 판독 쌍의 분획. CHG 및 CHH는 비-CpG 컨텍스트이다.
도 27. TAPS는 유전자 변이체를 검출할 수 있다. 메틸화(MOD, 상단 열) 및 C에서 T로의 SNP(하단 열)는 원래 상단 가닥(OT)/원래 하단 가닥(OB)(좌측 컬럼) 및 OT에 상보적인 가닥(CTOT) 및 OB에 상보적인 가닥(CTOB)(우측 컬럼)에서 뚜렷한 염기 분포 패턴을 나타냈다.
TAPS, WGBS 및 HpaII-qPCR 검정에 의해 정량화된 mESC gDNA에서 CmCGG 메틸화 수준의 비교. TAPS 및 WGBS에 의한 커버리지 및 메틸화 수준(mC%)를 가닥 당 연산하였다. HpaII-qPCR 검정에서 HpaII 분해 샘플(CtHpaII) 또는 대조군 샘플(CtCtrl)에 대한 Ct 값은 3회의 평균이었다. mC%는 다음 식을 사용하여 계산된다: mC% = 2^( CtCtrl -CtHpaII)*100%. | ||||||||
CmCGG의 위치 | TAPS | WGBS | HpaII-qPCR 검정 | |||||
커버리지 | mC% | 커버리지 | mC% | CtHpaII | CtCtrl | mC% | 전방향 및 역방향 프라이머(5'~3') | |
chr6: 135868201 |
17 | 100% | 11 | 0% | 29.628 | 29.642 | 101.0% | GCTGCAGATTGGAGCCAAAG TTGATGGTGATGGTGGAGCC |
chr3:31339449 | 15 | 100% | 10 | 0% | 22.162 | 22.111 | 96.5% | TCAGTGCTCATGGACTCATACT ATACCCTGGGAGCAAAGTTGTTG |
chr4:128271030 | 12 | 100% | 10 | 0% | 31.304 | 31.279 | 98.3% | CCCACTAGACATGCTCTGCC CAAAATGTTGCTTGCCTTCCG |
chr1:58635199 | 11 | 100% | 8 | 0% | 22.008 | 22.026 | 101.3% | TCCCTGAGCCCTGATCTAGT AATACTGGCTGACCGGTTCT |
chr14:36331351 | 11 | 100% | 14 | 0% | 21.228 | 21.053 | 88.6% | ACACCACAGCAGAAGAGAGC TAGGATTGTTGCACAGGCCA |
chr19:42893499 | 11 | 100% | 18 | 0% | 22.515 | 22.558 | 103.0% | GCTGAGCTGTATCCTTGAGGT ACACGTGGGTATTCCACAGC |
chr3:113611193 | 10 | 100% | 5 | 0% | 22.439 | 22.545 | 107.6% | GTGGATCTTCAGTGGTGGCA ATGCTCCCTCATCCTTTGCA |
음성 CCGG 부위 | ||||||||
chr19: 9043049 |
25 | 0% | 17 | 0% | 27.11 | 21.409 | 1.9% | AGCCTCTGAACTTGACTGCC GCCTGGAACTCCTGACAGTC |
양성 CCGG 부위 | ||||||||
chr15: 39335961 |
16 | 100% | 4 | 100% | 22.163 | 22.248 | 106.1% | GGTCCTTGATCCACCCAGAC ACATGGTGCTGGTCTAACCG |
Claims (35)
- 표적 핵산에서 5-메틸시토신(5mC) 또는 5-하이드록시메틸시토신(5hmC)을 식별하는 방법으로서, 상기 방법은:
상기 표적 핵산을 포함하는 핵산 샘플을 제공하는 단계;
상기 표적 핵산을 변형시키는 단계로서, 다음의 단계를 포함하는 단계:
상기 핵산 샘플을 텐-일레븐 트랜스로케이션(TET) 효소와 접촉시켜, 하나 이상의 5-카르복실시토신 (5caC) 또는 5-포르밀시토신(5fC) 잔기가 생성되도록 함에 의해 상기 핵산 샘플 내 5mC 및 5hmC를 5caC 및/또는 5fC로 전환시키는 단계; 및
상기 표적 핵산을 보란 환원제로 처리함에 의해 상기 5caC 및/또는 5fC를 디하이드로우라실 (DHU)로 전환시켜 변형된 표적 핵산을 포함하는 변형된 핵산 샘플을 제공하는 단계; 및
상기 변형된 표적 핵산의 서열을 검출하는 단계
를 포함하고;
상기 표적 핵산과 비교하여 상기 변형된 표적 핵산 서열에서 시토신 (C)의 티민(T)으로의 전이 또는 시토신(C)의 DHU로의 전이가 상기 표적 핵산에서 5mC 또는 5hmC의 위치를 제공하는, 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 보란 환원제는 2-피콜린 보란인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 변형된 표적 핵산의 서열을 검출하는 단계는 사슬 종결 시퀀싱, 마이크로어레이, 고 처리량 시퀀싱 및 제한 효소 분석 중 하나 이상을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 TET 효소는 인간 TET1, TET2 및 TET3; 쥣과 Tet1, Tet2 및 Tet3; 네글레리아(Naegleria) TET(NgTET); 및 재흙물버섯(Coprinopsis cinerea)(CcTET)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 변형된 시토신을 차단하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 차단하는 단계는 당류를 5hmC에 첨가함을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 하나 이상의 핵산 서열의 카피 수를 증폭하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 핵산 샘플을 화학적으로 변형시키기 위한 방법으로서, 상기 방법은:
5-카르복실시토신 (5caC) 및/또는 5-포르밀시토신 (5fC)을 포함하는 핵산 샘플을 제공하는 단계; 및
상기 핵산을 보란 환원제로 처리함에 의해 상기 5caC 및/또는 5fC를 디하이드로우라실 (DHU)로 전환시켜 변형된 핵산을 포함하는 변형된 핵산 샘플을 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법. - 제8항에 있어서, 상기 보란 환원제는 2-피콜린 보란(pic-BH3), 보란, 소듐 보로하이드라이드, 소듐 시아노보로하이드라이드 및 소듐 트리아세톡시보로하이드라이드로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 보란 환원제는 2-피콜린 보란인, 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 변형된 핵산의 서열을 검출하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 변형된 핵산의 서열을 검출하는 단계는 사슬 종결 시퀀싱, 마이크로어레이, 고 처리량 시퀀싱 및 제한 효소 분석 중 하나 이상을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 변형된 핵산의 서열을 검출하는 단계는 상기 핵산 샘플에서 정량적 수준의 하나 이상의 시토신 변형을 제공하는, 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 방법은 하나 이상의 핵산 서열의 카피 수를 증폭하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
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