KR102488480B1 - Culturing method of Brassica oleracea var. acephala - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to grow kale with enhanced active ingredient levels, a method for controlling UV stress is provided.

Description

How to grow kale {Culturing method of Brassica oleracea var. acephala}

A method for growing kale with enhanced active ingredient levels.

A plant factory system is a plant cultivation facility that aims to improve year-round production of plants through optimization of above-ground and underground environments such as lighting, temperature, CO _{2 ,} relative humidity, and nutrient solution. to be. These plant factory systems can produce crops much faster than outdoor cultivation methods by regulating various environmental factors to promote growth conditions (Ikeda et al., 1992). Therefore, recently, cultivation tests in plant factory systems have been performed on various plants.

Kale belongs to the cruciferous family and is native to the Mediterranean. There are curly kale with curled leaf edges, ssam kale used for ssam vegetables, and flower kale with white and pink colors. Cultivation methods include direct seeding and tray raising. The short one is 30 to 60 cm tall, and the tall one is about 120 cm tall, and it grows well in any soil as long as there is sufficient moisture. The leaves grow wide, long and thick like tobacco leaves, and receive plenty of sunlight to turn dark green. Kale contains vitamins and indole compounds, and is known to treat neuralgia and to have an intestinal function. In addition, it lowers blood cholesterol levels, improves hypertension, and restores blood sugar levels to normal.

In cultivating kale, which is known to be rich in nutrients and has excellent therapeutic efficacy, in a plant factory system, it is important to set optimal cultivation conditions that increase the level of active ingredients, so efforts to find these conditions continue. there is.

Korean Patent Application 10-2013-0023303

One aspect is kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) by irradiating UV in a wavelength range of 290 to 365 nm and an intensity range of 5.0 to 30 W/m ² to apply UV stress, providing a method for cultivating kale with enhanced active ingredient levels do.

Kale with enhanced active ingredient levels ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) may include applying UV stress. Applying the UV stress may include irradiating UV light.

Light is one of the important environmental factors that control the growth and development of plants. Among them, UV (ultraviolet rays) light is invisible light having a shorter wavelength than visible light and high energy. Depending on the length of the wavelength, it is divided into UV-A of 320 to 400 nm, UV-B of 280 to 320 nm, and UV-C of 280 nm or less. Continuous irradiation with UV light acts as a stress factor for plants and damages DNA, RNA, proteins, etc., and thus may negatively affect plant growth and development. However, plants drive defense mechanisms against stress environments to accumulate phytochemicals and the like, and non-continuous UV irradiation can enhance the expression of phytochemicals and defense-related genes.

One aspect is a method for growing kale having an enhanced active ingredient level, wherein UV is irradiated in a wavelength range of 290 to 365 nm and an intensity range of 5.0 to 30 W / m ² to apply UV stress while growing kale can include

The wavelength of the UV may be a UV-B wavelength, and may be 290 to 320 nm, 295 to 314 nm, 300 to 310 nm, or 303 to 309 nm. The UV wavelength may be a UV-A wavelength, and may be 335 to 365 nm, 340 to 360 nm, 345 to 357 nm, or 349 to 355 nm.

The intensity of the UV may be 5 to 27 W/m ² , 6 to 25 W/m ² , or 7 to 25 W/m ² .

In the method of growing kale, including the step of applying UV stress, it is possible to grow kale with enhanced antioxidant activity. In addition, active ingredients such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids may be enhanced in the kale. 2 and 3, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, or antioxidant activity of kale may be enhanced by UV stress.

The phenolic compound is a compound to which a phenol group is bonded, and can prevent damage due to oxidation. Phenolic compounds can be measured as total phenolic content analyzed as an extract versus gallic acid equivalent.

The flavonoid is a carbon skeleton structure in which two phenyl groups are bonded through a C3 chain, and is a plant white-yellow pigment, and may have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. For flavonoids, the total flavonoid content can be measured from a standard curve using catechin.

Antioxidant activity means inhibition of oxidation. Aging of cells means oxidation of cells, and at this time, antioxidant ability can prevent cell aging by removing active oxygen. Antioxidant capacity can be measured from a standard curve using ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity, AEAC).

The UV stress may be provided from the time the first true leaf appears, from the time the true leaf becomes 3, from the time the true leaf becomes 4, or from the time the true leaf becomes 5.

The UV stress may be UV irradiation for 1 to 5 days, 1 to 4 days, 1 to 3 days, 1 to 2 days, or about 1 day. The UV stress may be irradiated for 1 to 5 days, 1 to 4 days, 1 to 3 days, 1 to 2 days, or about 1 day immediately before harvesting.

The conditions for growing the kale may be set to a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C, humidity (relative humidity, RH) of 50 to 70%, carbon dioxide concentration of 800 to 1200 ppm, and a photoperiod of 10 to 16 hours. In addition, the kale can be grown in a hydroponic cultivation system or normal soil.

The cultivation may be performed in a closed plant factory system. Alternatively, the cultivation may be performed in a closed greenhouse. The term "closed-type plant factory system" refers to a system that artificially controls the cultivation environment such as light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide within the facility to systematically and automatically continuously produce plants regardless of the season. do. The enclosed plant factory system may be a plant factory system having a size of 700 × 500 × 300 cm (L × W × H), but is not limited thereto.

It relates to a method for cultivating kale in a plant factory system, which can enhance the antioxidant capacity and active components of kale, a medicinal crop used as a medicinal base material. Thus, kale productivity and marketability will be improved. In addition, it can be a basis for developing new crops that can be introduced into the plant factory system and establishing conditions suitable for new crops.

1 is a result confirming the effect of UV stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence reaction of kale.
Figure 2 is the result of confirming the effect of UV-A stress on the phenolic compound and antioxidant capacity of kale.
3 is a result confirming the effect of UV-B stress on flavonoids and phenolic compounds of kale.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. However, these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention by way of example, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1: Sowing, germination and seedling of kale

This example was carried out in an enclosed plant factory located at Seoul National University. Kale seeds were immersed in tap water for 1 day, planted on a rock wool block or polyurethane sponge, and germinated at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. and under dark conditions. Moisture was supplied to the kale through bottom irrigation until the first week when 4 to 6 true leaves of the germinated kale developed. A fluorescent lamp (6500k, three wavelengths) was used as the light environment, and the light intensity was set to 140 ± 20 µmol·m ^-2 s ^-1 . The daily schedule was maintained at 16 hours for speculation and 8 hours for memorization. The temperature was set to 22 to 25° C. in the specified period and 18 to 20° C. in the dark period, and the humidity was set to 60 to 75% in the specified period and 50 to 70% in the dark period.

After the true leaves of kale became four, the kale was transplanted to a deep flow technique (DFT) hydroponic cultivation system so that the planting distance was 15 cm × 15 cm, and seedlings were raised for 2 weeks. For the light environment, a mixture of R (red light, wavelength 660 nm), B (blue light, wavelength 380, 460 nm), and W (white light, color temperature 6300K) in various ratios was set. Specifically, the mixed light is R9W1, R8B1W1, R8B2 or R7B2W1 in which R:B:W is mixed at a light quantity ratio of 9:0:1, 8:1:1, 8:2:0 or 7:2:1, and The amount of light was set to 200±20 μmol·m ⁻² s ⁻¹ . The nutrient solution for kale in Table 1 below (1.2 dS/m) was used. Carbon dioxide was set at 1,000 ppm, and air flow was set at 1 ± 0.5 m/s. In addition, the day length, temperature, humidity, etc. were set the same as the germination conditions.

substance used Fertilizer amount (mg/L) MgSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O 554.6 Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ 4H ₂ O 590.3 KNO ₃ 727.9 NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ 115.0 N:P:K Ratio 1.69 : 0.14 : 1

Example 2: Kale under UV stress antioxidant capacity and Active Ingredient Enhancement Assay

The effect of UV stress on the antioxidant ability and active substance enhancement of kale was confirmed. After raising the seedlings, they were grown in bile hydroponics for 6 weeks. At this time, the temperature is 22 to 25 ℃ in the dark, 18 to 20 ℃ in the dark, humidity is 60 to 75% in the dark, 50 to 70% in the dark, air flow is 1 ± 0.5m / s, carbon dioxide is 1000ppm, and the nutrient solution is the kale-only nutrient solution , the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution is 1.2dSm ^-1 , and the light is mixed with R:B:W at a light quantity ratio of 9:0:1, 8:1:1, 8:2:0 or 7:2:1 R9W1, R8B1W1, R8B2 or R7B2W1, the light intensity was 200 ± 20 μmol·m ^-2 s ^-1 , and the photoperiod was set to 16 hours. Before harvesting, UV-A and UV-B were continuously irradiated to kale for 0 to 5 days, and UV stress was applied. At this time, the wavelength of UV-A is 352 nm and the intensity is set to 7 to 30 W/m ² , and the wavelength of UV-B is 306 nm and the intensity is set to 7 to 30 W/m ² .

It was confirmed that cultivation in an environment irradiated with UV acts as a stress on kale. As a result of confirming the effect of UV-A on the chlorophyll fluorescence response of kale, the Fv/Fm value of kale subjected to UV-A stress with an intensity of 23.7 W/m ² slightly decreased. Considering this, kale is expected to have very high stress resistance to UV-A. 1 is a result confirming the effect of UV-B on the chlorophyll fluorescence reaction of kale. Fluorescence emitted from chlorophyll of kale subjected to UV-B stress was measured as Fv/Fm value. The Fv/Fm value means the maximum quantum yield for a photochemical reaction. Here, Fo means "dark" or "initial fluorescence". Fm is the maximum fluorescence value obtained during photosynthesis by illuminating the dark-adapted leaf with saturated light. Fv is maximum variable fluorescence, and is a value obtained by subtracting Fo from Fm. Referring to FIG. 1, kale subjected to UV-B stress at an intensity of 10.7 to 21.5 W/m ² showed no significant difference in Fv/Fm values for 4 to 5 days after UV stress was applied compared to the control group, It was confirmed that the stress resistance to UV irradiation was strong.

Figure 2 is the result of confirming the effect of UV-A stress on the phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity level of kale. On the first day after UV-A stress was applied to the kale, the kale subjected to the UV stress of 7.9 or 15.8 W/m ² had a higher content of phenolic compounds per dry weight than the control group by about 10% or more. On the second day after UV-A stress was applied to kale, the kale subjected to UV stress with an intensity of 23.7 W/m ² had a higher content of phenolic compounds per dry weight than the control group by about 10% or more. In addition, on the first day after UV-A stress was applied to kale, the kale subjected to UV stress of 7.9 or 15.8 W/m ² had about 30% higher antioxidant capacity per dry weight than the control group. On the first day after UV-A stress was applied to kale, the kale subjected to UV stress with an intensity of 23.7 W/m ² had about 10% higher antioxidant capacity per dry weight than the control group.

Figure 3 is a result confirming the effect of UV-B stress on the flavonoid and phenolic compound content levels of kale. On the first day after UV-B stress was applied to kale, kale subjected to UV stress at an intensity of 7.9 or 15.8 W/m ² had about 10% higher flavonoid content per dry weight than the control group. On the second day after UV-B stress was applied to the kale, the kale subjected to UV stress of 7.9 and 23.7 W/m ² had flavonoid contents per dry weight of about 70% or more and 20% or more, respectively, compared to the control group. In addition, on the first day after UV-B stress was applied to kale, kale subjected to UV stress of 15.8 and 23.7 W/m ² had phenolic compound content per dry weight of about 20% and about 10%, respectively, compared to the control group. On the second day after UV-B stress was applied to the kale, the kale subjected to the UV stress of 7.9 or 23.7 W/m ² had a higher content of phenolic compounds per dry weight than the control group by about 20% or more.

Claims (8)

Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was cultivated under the conditions of 22 to 25 ° C, 18 to 20 ° C, dark, and harvested for 1 to 2 days in the wavelength range of 290 to 365 nm and in the intensity range of 5.0 to 30 W / m ² A method for growing kale with enhanced active ingredient levels comprising applying UV stress by continuous UV irradiation. The method according to claim 1, wherein the UV wavelength is 290 to 320 nm, and the UV intensity is 5 to 27 W/m ² . The method according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the UV is 335 to 365 nm, and the intensity of the UV is 5 to 27 W/m ² . delete delete 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the active ingredient is a phenolic compound or a flavonoid. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the kale has enhanced antioxidant activity. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cultivation is performed in a closed plant factory system.

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