KR102220796B1 - Apparatus and method for imparting selected topographies to aluminum sheet metal and applications there for - Google Patents

Abstract

A material handler formed from a spherical medium, for example an isotropic textured aluminum sheet rolled by a roll pressed by a steel ball bearing, produces a sheet with a low coefficient of friction for particulate materials such as grain flour. Smooth sheets can be used to manufacture tanks, silos, conduits and guides to facilitate the flow and storage of particulate matter.

Description

Apparatus and method for imparting selected terrain to aluminum sheet metal, and application examples therefor {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPARTING SELECTED TOPOGRAPHIES TO ALUMINUM SHEET METAL AND APPLICATIONS THERE FOR}

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to rolled sheet metal and its surface working and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for producing a unique surface texture having combined frictional and optical properties, for example an isotropic surface on an aluminum sheet.

Cross-reference to related applications

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. Patent Application No. 13/892,028, titled "An apparatus and method for imparting selected topography to aluminum sheet metal", filed on May 10, 2013, and the U.S. patent application 13/892,028 is a continuation in part of U.S. Patent Application No. 13/673,468, titled "Apparatus and Method for Imparting Selected Terrain to Aluminum Sheet Metal", filed on November 9, 2012, said U.S. Patent Application No. 13/673,468 takes priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/558,504, filed on November 11, 2011, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Imparting Selected Terrain to Aluminum Sheet Metal" Insist.

Currently, aluminum sheet manufacturers use cold rolling mills to produce sheets of the required thickness, width and surface. In order to produce the desired surface, with a low reduction rate (less than 10%), a skin/temper rolling mill may also be used. The surface of a cylindrical roll (work roll) through which sheet aluminum passes may be prepared for rolling operations by grinding using an abrasive grinding wheel or belt. Grinding causes a directional roll surface in terms of appearance and friction characteristics due to the grinding marks (grains), and is transferred or imparted to the rolled sheet by the grinding work roll again. The directional surface of the sheet rolled by the grinding work roll is visible and can often be observed throughout the paint-applied coating applied to the sheet material or to products made from the sheet material, for example car body panels.

Embossing mills are used to impart a desired surface topography onto sheet metal, for example to produce non-directional topography. The sheet processing in the embossing mill is performed after the rolling process and after the sheet thickness is reduced to a target dimension that determines the final dimension of the sheet. Since the embossing mill does not have a substantial sizing effect on the sheet, but only wants to impart a surface texture, it works on a sheet that has already been rolled by the working roll of the rolling mill. Embossing a sheet in an embossing mill represents additional steps other than rolling and requires additional equipment, metal handling, and management of a wide variety of roll types, compared to conventional rolling mills.

The present disclosure is a method of manufacturing a material handler having one or more material contact surfaces, wherein a working roll having a surface covered by 50% to 100% by a press-in-mark without a facet, the average height of the surface To obtain an aluminum sheet rolled by a working roll having a raised smooth peripheral edge having a higher height at the apex than the average height of the recessed central portion and the surface compared to, wherein the aluminum sheet is statically with one or more materials. The coefficient of friction is 0.62 to 0.79; And

Making one or more material contact surfaces with the aluminum sheet

It relates to a method, including.

In another embodiment, the indentation-mark has a diameter of 150 μm to 400 μm and a depth in the range of 6±2.0 μm relative to the apex of the peripheral edge.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a silo having an interior space for storing material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space.

In another embodiment, the material contact surface forms the funnel portion of the silo.

In another embodiment, the material handled by the silo is grain flour, further comprising introducing the grain flour into the silo and contacting the material contact surface with the grain flour.

In another embodiment, the material handled by the silo is sugar, further comprising introducing the sugar into the silo and contacting the material contact surface with the sugar.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a funnel having an interior space for collecting material towards the outlet, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the surface defining the interior space.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a trough having an interior space for guiding the material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the surface defining the interior space.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a conduit having an interior space for guiding the material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the surface defining the interior space.

In another embodiment, the aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction with a difference of 5% or less between any two predetermined orientations of the sheet with respect to the direction in which the static coefficient of friction is measured.

In another embodiment, a material handler having at least one material contacting surface comprises a surface formed from an aluminum sheet, at least partially defining the material contacting surface, wherein the aluminum sheet is 60% by indentation-marking without a cut surface. To 100% covered surface and rolled by a working roll having a recessed central portion relative to the average height of the surface and a raised, smooth peripheral edge having a higher height at its apex than the average height of the surface, the aluminum The static coefficient of friction of the sheet is 0.62 to 0.79.

In another embodiment, the indentation-mark has a diameter of 200 μm to 400 μm, and a depth in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 μm relative to the apex of the peripheral edge.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a silo having an interior space for storing material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space.

In another embodiment, the material contact surface forms the funnel portion of the silo.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a grain flour silo.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a sugar silo.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a funnel having an interior surface through which material can be collected towards the outlet, the material contact surface forming at least a portion of the surface defining the inner surface.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a trough having a guide surface capable of guiding a material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the guide surface.

In another embodiment, the material handler is a conduit having an inner guide surface capable of guiding material, and the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the inner guide surface.

In another embodiment, the aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction having a difference of 5% or less between any two predetermined orientations of the sheet with respect to the direction in which the static coefficient of friction is measured.

In order to more fully understand the invention, reference is made to the following detailed description of contemplated exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1A and 1B are plan and perspective (3D) graphical mappings, respectively, of the surface topography of a sample plane of a working roll produced by EDT texturing, as measured by optical profilometer.
2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for surface working a work roll according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
3A is a plan view graphical mapping of the surface topography of a sample plane of a working roll produced by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as measured by optical profilometer. FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3A, and FIGS. 3C and 3D are perspective graphical mappings of the surfaces shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, as measured by optical profilometry.
4A and 4B are plan and perspective (3D) graphical mappings, respectively, of the surface topography of a sample surface of a work roll produced by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as measured by optical profilometer.
5A is the surface topography of a sample of a rolled aluminum sheet rolled with a working roll produced by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as measured by optical profilometry, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Is a plan view graphic mapping. As measured by optical profilometry, FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5A, and FIGS. 5C and 5D are perspective graphical mappings of the surfaces shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively.
6A, 6B and 6C are rolled with a working roll made by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at 10% reduction, 20% reduction and 40% reduction, respectively, as measured by optical profilometry. And is a plan view graphical mapping of the surface topography of three samples of rolled aluminum sheets according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 6D, 6E, and 6F are perspective graphical mappings of the surfaces shown in Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C, as measured by optical profilometry.
7A and 7B are photographs of a surface-worked work roll according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 7C and 7D are enlarged photographs of portions of Figs. 7A and 7B, respectively.
8 is a graph of the influence of surface texture on the coefficient of friction.
9 is a schematic diagram of a method of developing a surface texture according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
10 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for surface-working a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
11 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for surface-working a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
12 and 13 are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of a media sheet for surface-working of a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
14 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for generating a shim for surface-working of a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
15 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for surface-working a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Degree 16 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for surface-working a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
17 is a perspective view of the surface texture of a sheet produced by a roll ground in a conventional manner.
18 is a schematic diagram of a material storage structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
19 is a schematic diagram of a material handling structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
20 is a schematic diagram of a material handling structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
21 is a schematic diagram of a coefficient of friction test apparatus.

An aspect of the present disclosure is the recognition that for many applications of sheet materials, it is desirable to have a uniform and non-directional surface finish, i.e., a surface that exhibits isotropic and widely reflects light. In addition, the present disclosure, in addition to the appearance effect, the orientation-oriented roughness of the surface of the sheet rolled by the grinding work roll affects the forming process that can be used to form the sheet material into a molded article, for example an automobile panel. That the roughness can be exerted, for example, may contribute to the difference in the frictional interaction between the forming tool and the sheet stock due to the orientation-oriented grain/grinding pattern in the surface of the metal sheet imparted by the work roll. Recognize that there is. The present disclosure also recognizes that more isotropic surfaces are advantageous in performing some of the molding processes that operate on aluminum sheets.

One way to form a more isotropic surface on a working roll used to roll aluminum sheet metal (mainly for automotive seats) is to surface-work the roll with an electric discharge texturing (EDT) machine. . The EDT texturing head with multiple electrodes is placed near the roll surface to generate electric discharge/spark/arc on the roll surface from each electrode, thereby locally melting the roll surface at each spark location and melting the molten steel. Induces to form a small pool of molten metal inside the crater involved. Working the EDT machine along the surface of the rotating roll produces an improved isotropic surface, but features several fine craters with a diameter of 100 μm or less and an edge height of 15 to 20 μm or less (FIG. 1).

Applicants believe that the edges of the fine craters formed by the EDT method are fragile, so that when the EDT texturizing roll is used in a rolling mill, there is a high contact pressure between the working rolls, sheets and/or backup rolls, for example not more than 200 ksi. It has been recognized that contact pressure wears the isotropic texture, creating debris deposited on the rolling mill and in the lubricant.

1 shows a sample surface topography of the surface S1 of an EDT-treated working roll used for rolling an aluminum sheet. As can be appreciated, the surface topography may be characterized by being covered with several valleys and sharp peaks having a size of 5.0 μm compared to the reference plane.

2 shows a rolling processing apparatus 10 having a cabinet 12 for containing a work roll 14. The work roll 14 is supported on the bearings 16 and 18 and can rotate, for example by means of a motor 20 coupled to the work roll 14. The cabinet 12 can also be driven, for example via a motor-driven friction wheel drive associated with the nozzle 22, or a motor 26 that rotates a chain, rack, cable drive or screw drive. By the action of, it houses a shot/ball peening nozzle 22, which may be mounted on the gantry 24, which allows the nozzle 22 to selectively move and position. The nozzle 22 is supplied by a compressor 28 and a medium hopper 30. The nozzle 22 mixes the compressed gas from the compressor 28, for example air, and the medium 32 from the hopper 30, and drives the medium 30 toward the outer surface S of the roll 14. Face it. The media may be steel, glass or ceramic balls, abrasive grit or other blasting/shot peening media, as further described below. Computer 34 can be used to programmatically control: position of nozzle 22 by controlling motor 26; By controlling the operation of the motor 20, the compressor 28, and the speed of the distribution medium 32 from the hopper 30, the rotation of the roll can be controlled. The vision system 36 is inside the cabinet 12 to provide a diagram of the state of the surface S, in order to find out whether a predetermined target surface test is achieved through the execution of the operation of the roll processing device 10. It can also be housed. This vision system can be attached to the nozzle 22 or independently movable over the gantry 24, and has a shield and magnification to protect the inlet puncture and lens from impact from the medium 32. It can also be included. The medium 32 injected through the nozzle 22 may be provided to the recycling line 40 through the funnel 38 of the cabinet 12, which recycling line is for example through a screw feeder or compressed air. , Return the medium 32 to the hopper 30 under the influence of a blower or an inhaler. The cabinet 12 is provided with a door (not shown) and an inspection glass (not shown) to facilitate the movement of the roll 14 in and out of the cabinet 12 and monitor the operation of the roll handling device 10 You may. The nozzle 22 and compressor 28 may be of a commercially available type to achieve a target pinning strength to create the desired surface topography.

Alternatively, the nozzle 22 may be fixed by hand, as in a conventional shot-peening apparatus. Not only accommodates different types of media 32, but also contributes to the depth and circumference of the dimples/craters produced on the surface of the roll by means of a steel ball/shot, by various working conditions, for example by a given media 32 It is possible, for example, to adjust the speed of the media 32 ejected from the nozzle 22, i.e. manually or to accommodate the type of texture required for the roll 14 hardness, the initial surface texture and the surface S. Under computer control, the compressor 28 and nozzle 22 may be varied to obtain a target pinning intensity pressure output. Compared to the total area, the dimensions of the indentation-marks and the number of impacts formed by the media on the roll surface area can be described as "% coverage", where the nozzle 22 passes/passes over the roll 14 Alternatively, as the roll 14 rotates by the motor 20, it may be adjusted by the lateral speed of the nozzle 33, the media flow rate, and the compressor output setting relative to the roll 14. The control of the shot-peening process can be automatic or manual. For example, as in a typical shot-peening operation where a person has a protective gear and partially or completely enters a work piece-containing cabinet, a person can manually hold and place the nozzle 22 and/or roll 14. And can move. Visual or fine inspection of the rolls may also be performed to confirm suitable work and/or adjust the device 10, and to verify acceptable surface-worked rolls 14 at the end of the pinning/blasting operation. have.

As another alternative, in a portable open side container (not shown) that pressurizes against the surface S to form a movable pinning chamber that traps the used medium and redirects it to return to a storage container such as hopper 30, A nozzle 22 may also be included. This peening chamber may be placed and moved manually or mechanically, optionally under the control of computer 34, by a motor-driven feeding mechanism such as, for example, gantry 24.

The apparatus and method of the present disclosure surface-work the sheet with a working roll that imparts a desired surface when rolled to provide a sheet with an isotropic scattering or bright appearance, for example when rolled to size. Thus, the need for embossing or the use of a temper pass to make a textured sheet may be eliminated. In this context, “bright” refers to reflective, and “scatter” refers to a non-reflective appearance. The surface texture can be varied to achieve a desired desired appearance, and by appropriate selection of media and operating parameters can form workability related to frictional properties.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the desired texture is applied to the work roll surface, e.g. S, by means of a pinning/blasting method that drives the selected medium to the work roll surface S through the nozzle 22 by pneumatic pressure. do. Pressure, processing time per unit area, e.g. a function of work roll 14 rotation speed and nozzle 22 transverse speed, nozzle 22 structure and media 32 type can be determined by the size, shape of the media 32, Control to produce the desired working roll texture affected by density, hardness, speed and the resulting dimple/crater or indentation-mark depth, width and shape, and% coverage of the dimple/crater over the treated surface area S do. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the selected medium 32 comprises a smooth crater, e.g., a spherical indentation-marking medium to produce high quality, precision steel ball bearings or shots, beads (glass, ceramic). . Depending on the properties required in the resulting surface, mixtures of beads and grits, for example aluminum oxide, silicon carbide or other types of grit may be used.

3A-3D depict a graphical mapping of surface topography, as measured by optical profilometer of a surface-worked work roll surface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. _{The surface S 3} shown in Figures 3A-3D was pinned by a steel ball bearing of grade 1000, having a diameter of 0.125" or less and a hardness Rc of 60 or more. Grade 1000 has a 0.001" sphere and a ±0.005" size tolerance. Higher grade ball bearings may be used. The stand-off distance of the nozzle 22 from the roll 14 is about 1 inch to about 12 inches, and for some applications, a stand-off distance of about 5 inches. As can be seen, the use of ball bearings as the pinning medium resulted in the formation of uniformly shaped craters on the surface of the work rolls, and there were no sharp raised edges typical of the EDT texture. Using spherical indentation-machining media, several smooth centers, imitating the shape of a sphere/ball, making them, with a smooth perimeter rounding or edge around the recess formed by the movement of material from the recess. Create recesses There is a gradual change in slope along the surface and sudden ledges or discontinuities are minimized In general, the depth of each recess at the center is less than the average height of the surface and the apex at the perimeter edge is the average height. In order to create a smooth surface, the spherical indentation-processing medium must not be broken at the level of force required to create a crater of adequate depth, otherwise the spherical medium will rupture, resulting in a sharpened medium on top of the broken medium. Edges and smooth cuts will cause the formation of cut faces on the surface of the work roll, which indentations will be triggered upon impact, or when spherical media is recycled and hits the surface again. In addition to avoiding the destruction of the spherical medium, the force exerted by the medium, taking into account the size, speed and density of the sphere, does not create a trajectory in the event of a collision, which in turn is significant It is desirable to form side furrows with one component.

_{The generally smooth wave shape on the surface S 3} of the working roll has a size typically in the range of +/- 3 to 6 μm, but for example a crater of any desired size, greater than 10 μm or less than 3 μm. A, if required, may be achieved. When described more fully below, a smooth, wavy surface produced by a spherical press-in-processing medium, for example a ball bearing, is expected to work in a separate pattern or shot peening, for example, as described below. As such, it can be made in a random pattern. Typical EDT surfaces have very many severe surface modifications. As described above, a work roll shot-pinned with a ball bearing can be used to produce a bright sheet with an isotropic appearance, depending on the background roll surface initiating. Although grade 1000 ball bearings have been described above, other types of precision balls may also be used, depending on the roll hardness, such as higher grade ball bearings. As mentioned, the spherical media selected for press-processing the roll surface allows the balls to hit and press-process the rolls of a certain hardness without developing or breaking the cut surface due to impact, density, It is preferably selected according to material properties such as hardness, elasticity, compressive strength and tensile strength.

4A and 4B illustrate a work roll surface S ₄ made according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. More specifically, Figure 4a shows the topography of the topography of the work roll surface pinned with an aluminum oxide grit mixture (120:180 grit in a 2:3 ratio) and then pinned with glass beads of grade AC (60 to 120 mesh). It is a plan view measured by profilometry. Aluminum oxide grit blasting was carried out in a manner that removes the pre-ground roll pattern (predicted by visual evaluation), followed by blasting with glass beads to achieve the required scattering surface appearance. FIG. 4B is a perspective view (3D) graphical mapping of the surface topography of _{the surface S 4} shown in FIG. 4A as measured by optical profilometry. As can be seen from FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the glass beads are used, a surface S ₄ having fewer severe peaks than the EDT surface is formed, and the size of the surface difference is also smaller than that of the EDT surface. 4B shows the surface variation in the range of about +/- 2.0 μm. Thus, the resulting surface S ₄ is flatter compared to the EDT surface, but still has a micro-roughness that may be used to impart a scattering isotropic surface appearance to an aluminum sheet rolled by a work roll having this type of surface. It features.

According to the present disclosure, the surface treatment of the work roll by pinning results in a less fragile surface compared to the work roll surface treated by the EDT method. As a result, the working roll surface (texture) lasts longer and makes it possible to maintain a higher surface bearing pressure, while creating less debris than when used in rolling operations. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a spherical medium such as a ball bearing or glass bead is used to surface-work the work roll, the smooth wavy surface texture produced on the work roll creates an isotropic surface during the rolling process. Provides the advantage of manufacturing. Compared to a typical grinding work roll or EDT surface-worked work roll, the gentle wave shape promotes lower friction between the sheet and work roll, resulting in a higher reduction in sheet thickness prior to lubricant or roll surface damage. Make it possible. The texture of the surface-worked work roll according to the present disclosure does not wear out at the same rate as the typically-ground work roll or EDT surface-worked roll. Experiments have shown that in a working roll-driven mill, the texture imparted to the roll by the method of the present disclosure is generally 5-6 times longer than the ground roll surface, and exceeds the mill horsepower limit and prevents lubricant damage. Prior to experience, it has been found that a higher reduction is possible compared to that achieved with the EDT work roll. The roll surface topography generated according to embodiments of the present disclosure can withstand a thickness reduction of more than 10%, for example up to 60%, to produce the desired textured sheet. This is in contrast to EDT surface-work work rolls, which typically operate in the range of about 8% to 10% reduction. With a higher rate of reduction, it may potentially be possible to eliminate the necessary number of passes through the rolling mill to achieve the desired thickness.

5A is the present disclosure, produced by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, rolled by a working roll 14 having a roll surface, such as _{the roll surface S 3 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D A sample surface AS 5} of a rolled aluminum sheet according to the content is shown. 5B is an enlarged view of the surface shown in FIG. 5A, both by optical profilometry. 5C and 5D are perspective (3D) graphical mappings of the samples imaged in FIGS. 5A and 5B as measured by optical profilometry. The manufactured seats, shown in FIGS. 5A-5D, were manufactured by shot-peening using precision steel ball bearings. The macro-texture, for example pinned dimples/press-marks, as shown and generally imparted to the sheet metal by the work roll during rolling, is the exact opposite of the texture on the work roll. However, the large and fine features affect the final level of surface luminance, ie the final level of the spectral reflection of the sheet.

6A, 6B and 6C, as measured by optical profilometry, are rolled by a working roll made by a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure at a rate of 10% reduction, 20% reduction and 40% reduction, respectively. , Shows a plan view graphical mapping of the surface topography of _{three surface samples AS 6a} , AS _6b and AS _6c of a rolled aluminum sheet, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The working rolls used to roll these samples were surface treated by shot-peening with aluminum oxide grit, then by shot-peening with glass beads, as described above for FIGS. 4A and 4B. 6D, 6E, and 6F are perspective graphical mappings of the surfaces shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C as measured by optical profilometry, respectively.

7A and 7B are photographs of a surface-worked work roll according to an embodiment of the present invention. 7C and 7D are enlarged photographs of a portion of FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively. The rolls shown in FIGS. 7A and 7C were shot-peened with a class 1000 steel ball bearing with a diameter of 1.6 mm. The roll was shot-peened under conditions that produced 100% coverage _{of the surface S 7a} of the roll with dimples/press-marks. The rolls shown in FIGS. 7B and 7D were shot-peened with class 1000 steel ball bearings with a diameter of 2.36 mm. The roll was shot-peened under conditions producing a 50% coverage of the surface S _{7b of the roll with dimples.}

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the sheet can be produced through a general rolling production schedule, eliminating the need for embossing or the use of a temper pass on the rolling mill. The resulting working roll surface texture does not wear out as quickly as the EDT manufactured roll surface and the generally ground roll surface. As a result, the roll life is 5 to 6 times longer than that of a typical roll. In a working roll-driven mill, since it does not develop banding due to wear of the texture, the manufacturing is not limited to a wide to narrow production schedule. As mentioned earlier, sheets made by working roll surfaces shot-peened, for example by ball bearings, generate less debris compared to EDT surface-worked or generally ground surfaces, resulting in cleaner lubricants during rolling. And to form a sheet. The resulting sheet is isotropic in terms of appearance.

Fig. 8 shows the direction-dependent coefficient of friction during the molding operation of various surfaces when molding is performed in the longitudinal direction (L) and in the transverse direction (T). According to Sample 6022-T43, the pinned surface shows a reduction in friction on average and has a smaller frictional variation dependent on the forming direction. Isotropic frictional interactions with molding tools, such as those used for drawing and ironing, may indicate an improvement in molding performance, e.g. creating more uniform draw and extended draw limits. do.

According to the present disclosure, the initial surface finish requirements for the work roll prior to pinning, for example by ball bearings, depend on the final sheet appearance requirements, for example high reflectivity or some reflectivity. When a highly reflective isotropic surface is desired, it is preferred that the background roughness is less than 1 microin. If a less reflective surface is desired, the initial working roll grinding can be any desired grinding up to 50 microinches. The amount of pre-grinding required affects the final cost of the entire process, since it is generally more expensive to form a surface finish with a roughness of less than 1 microin. The initial surface finish requirements required for the work roll prior to pinning with glass beads or other media to produce the scattering surface are roughness or 15 microinches such that no roll grinding pattern is visible on the pinning work roll after machining. It is preferably less than. The elimination of background roll grinding during glass bead peening will depend on the peening processing parameters selected to produce a scattering finish. The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

3A-3D, 7A and 7C show images _{of exemplary surfaces S 3} , S _7a of a work roll made according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In order to generate the surface shown, a standard grinding process (pre-grinding) of roughness less than about 5 microinches forms the background roll topography. A series of dimples with a diameter of 200 to 300 μm were prepared on the roll surface by shot-peening with class 1000 steel balls, with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a hardness Rc of 60 or more. The ball is driven against the surface of the roll having a hardness of about 58 to 62 Rc at a rate that results in a diameter of about 200 μm to 400 μm and a dimple depth of about 0.5 μm to about 4 μm. The dimple diameter and depth are influenced by the processing conditions (ball speed) and depend on the initial working roll hardness. In this embodiment, about 100% of the surface area is covered with dimples by visual inspection, but the application rate may range from about 10% to about 250%, depending on the desired surface appearance finish. An application rate of 60% to 100% provides a working roll surface for producing an aluminum sheet having the desired optical and mechanical properties. The measured% application rate may vary depending on the measurement method. The optical method tends to overestimate the coating rate when compared to the material measurements from the topographic image.

According to another embodiment, the speed of the ball may be adjusted to obtain an indentation-mark having a diameter of 150 μm to 400 μm and a depth in the range of 6±2 μm relative to the apex of the peripheral edge.

The benefits experienced with these rolls in breakdown rolling are: Eliminate number of passes (eliminate one pass in cold rolling, eliminate three passes in hot rolling); Ability to roll narrow to wide; Increased roll life; Fewer roll coatings developed in hot rolling due to reduced mass transfer; And reduced debris generation in cold rolling.

Example 2

According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a scattering surface work roll may be made by pinning a pre-ground work roll at a roughness of less than 5 microinches. The medium may be glass beads, other "ceramic" beads, grades A to AH, with mesh sizes of 20-30 to 170-325, or other hard abrasive particles such as aluminum oxide (grit size 12 to 400). A combination of glass beads, ceramic beads and aluminum oxide media, applied in succession, may be required to form a surface finish such as that shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. For example, the roll surface was first machined with aluminum oxide of mixed grease sizes (120 and 180 greets in a 2:3 ratio) using 65 PSI and 5/16 inch nozzles at a lateral speed of 1.5 inches/min. And then processed to a glass bead grade AC (mesh size 60-120) at 100PSI using a lateral speed of 1.5 inches/min and a 3/8 inch nozzle. The standoff distance was adjusted based on the nozzle bristle length of the specific pinning system. The choice of nozzle, pressure and transverse speed will depend on the device used to pin. The% area of the application rate will range from 10% to 250%, depending on the desired surface finish.

Surface-worked working rolls according to the above-described parameters may be operated at 10 to 60% reduction (compared to EDT treated rolling, typically operating at a reduction of about 8% to 10%). A higher level of reduction may be used to eliminate one or more reduction passes that may be required to achieve the desired thickness and surface appearance. The resulting sheet has an isotropic appearance and an isotropic function.

9 shows a diagram of a method for developing a surface texture in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In a first step (I) (not shown), the surface topography obtained by using a range of pinning conditions and media types is predicted. For work roll surfaces treated by shot-peening, the composition and peening process conditions, such as speed and% coverage, may also be selected in order to control the desired final texture of the roll, which is imparted to the rolled product. . The relationship between these variables (medium size, composition and pinning process conditions) and the resulting surface work may be recorded, which in the first step, for any given set of parameters for producing the roll surface texture. It may also be used as a basis for predictive computer modeling.

Then in a second step (shown in Fig. 9), light scattering and appearance for a given set of real or virtual surface topography is predicted. As shown in Figure 9, modeling involves selecting a'target' surface with specific light properties, such as predicted light scattering, to obtain a certain degree of luminance, for example. A method for generating an aluminum sheet with desired optical properties may then be pursued by the following steps:

(A) Multiple surfaces, a data file containing several predetermined surface profiles, with the corresponding optical properties of each surface profile, including surface processing parameters and light scattering, length scales used to realize each. Accumulating; (B) implicitly defining the virtual surface by specifying target optical properties; (C) modeling the virtual surface by retrieving data related to one or more surface profiles having measured or predicted optical properties that most closely match the target optical properties; (D) comparing the optical properties of the one or more surface profiles with the target optical properties; (E) If the comparison in step (D) does not show an identity, it is similar to the target property, but contradicts the target property on the opposite side of how the optical properties of one or more predetermined surface profiles differ from the target property. Retrieving data related to another surface profile in the data file, having the measured or predicted optical properties; (F) The target properties are sampled from the optical properties of one or more surface profiles and the optical properties of other surface profiles, proportional to the magnitude of their individual differences from the target properties, to reach the corrected optical properties of the corrected virtual surface. And recording the mixed sampling composition contribution of the at least one surface profile and the other surface profile; (G) comparing the optical properties of the corrected virtual surface to the target optical properties, thereby finding a reduction in the difference therebetween; And steps (E) to (G) are repeated until little or no improvement is recognized, as a result of which the best virtual surface for the target is found.

Steps (C) to (G) can be performed as described, or can be replaced by a non-linear least squares optimization algorithm to automate the method. To complete the process, modeling steps (I) and (II) are combined. That is, (1) by defining the optimal surface processing parameters, the surface used to realize each of several surfaces by combining these parameters in proportion to the contribution of the optical properties of each surface profile combined to the optimal virtual surface. Finding out a job processing parameter; (2) performing the surface work of the roll according to the optimal surface work treatment parameters; And (3) rolling the aluminum sheet with the surface-worked roll in step (1). As can be observed, upon reaching the modeled solution, the associated shot-peening parameters may be implemented to surface work the work roll. The actual results of the trials may be stored in a database along with process parameters that allow them to expand the modeling capacity.

10 shows an alternative device 110 for surface working work rolls 114a, 114b according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. During the surface working process described below, the working rolls 114a and 114b are arranged in parallel and are rotatable with respect to each other, supported at the ends by suitable bearings (not shown) such as 16 and 18 in Fig. Like the motor 20 shown in 2, it is driven by a motor or motors (not shown). A media nozzle, such as nozzle 22 of FIG. 2, moves or places the nozzle 122 along the length of the rolls 114a, 114b adjacent to where the rolls 114a, 114b converge, which may be referred to as nip N. It may be held on the gantry to do so. The nozzle 122 provides a medium, e.g., a ball bearing 132, to the nip area N, so that when the rolls 114a, 114b rotate in the direction shown by the arrow, the ball 132 is pulled between the rolls. will be. Unlike the nozzle 22, the nozzle 122 does not need to drive the ball 132 under pressure to achieve a high speed, but may simply provide the ball 132 in a controlled manner. If the gap between the rolls 114a and 114b is smaller than the diameter of the balls 132, when they are pulled into nip N, a mechanical disturbance state is reached. If the balls 132 are of sufficient elasticity, having a compressive strength suitable to pass through nip N without breakage and greater than or equal to the surface of the rolls 114a, 114b, then as they pass through nip N, they It will lead to the formation of craters on the surface of the rolls 114a and 114b. Craters are formed on the surface of the rolls 114a and 114b by compression rather than the impact force of the balls injected onto the surface at high speed. After passing through nip N, the balls 132 may be collected in a gutter or hopper 138 for reuse. Rolls 114a, 114b move close to each other or away from each other to adjust nip N to adjust for different size balls 132 and/or to adjust the depth of the craters formed on rolls 114a, 114b. It may be adjustable to narrow or widen.

11 has another type of ball feeding mechanism, i.e., a long hopper/funnel 230, capable of maintaining and distributing the feed of balls 232, so that the area between nip N and hopper/funnel 230 is It shows a device similar to FIG. 10, which is always filled to capacity with balls 132. More specifically, the ball 232 passing through the nip acts as a stopper line, so that the ball falling through the hopper funnel 230 moves backward and prevents the ball from falling out. The funnel/hopper 230 may also be tightly fixed in a generally V-shaped area defined by rolls 214a, 214b over nip N, so that the balls 232 can be used with the rolls 214a, 214b and the funnel/hopper. 230) may not pass. As balls 232 pass through nip N, more balls flow out of hopper/funnel 230 to replace them. The used balls 232 are collected in the gutter 238 and recycled to the lines 240a and 240c and the recycling device 240b. Blocking films 242 (only one shown) on both ends of the rolls 214a, 214b are used to prevent the balls 232 from flowing over the ends of the rolls 214a, 214b, thereby preventing the balls in the V-shaped region. Make it possible to contain (232).

12 and 13 show a media sheet 344 for surface-working a work roll according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The media sheet 344 may have a web portion 344a, for example made of an elastomer, in which a surface working medium, for example a spherical indenter 332 such as a ball bearing, is embedded. Alternatively, the web portion 344a may be composed of a sheet of paper or a polymer to which the surface working medium is attached by an adhesive. The media sheet 344 may also be used as a surface working device 110, 210, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, by passing the media sheet 344 through nip N instead of loose balls 132, 232. have. When the web portion 344a is sufficiently resilient and holds the ball 232 firmly, a continuous loop with the media sheet 344 is made so that it circulates between the rolls 214a and 214b until the desired crater application is achieved. It may be possible to do it. As shown in Fig. 12, the balls 332 are distributed in any desired pattern, for example in a comprehensive, even spaced application of the entire media sheet 344, in a more distributed pattern or in a random distribution. It could be.

14 schematically shows a support surface 446, for example glass, coated with a layer of photoresist or photopolymer 448. A source of radiation 452 such as UV rays, electron beams or lasers emits _{radiation R 1.} In the case of light, a selective radiation distribution component 450, e.g. a mast or lens array _{, affects radiation R 1} over the photoresist layer 448 forming a wave pattern 448a of more and less light exposure. , Distributed in the distributed array of radiation R ₂ . Immediately after the development of the photoresist, a surface with a desired smooth contoured texture may be formed. Alternatively, the photoresist layer may be exposed/molded by means of a laser scanner or electron beam scanner, so that immediately after development an exposure of the desired pattern and consequently a surface profile may occur.

As described in US Pat. No. 7,094,502 to Sefer et al., owned by the assignee herein and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, the wedge 453 is grown from the surface profile of the developed photoresist layer 448. It could be. As further described in U.S. Patent No. 7,094,502, the wedge 453 is hardened through various plating and coating methods, so that it is imprinted onto the surface of the metal roll, so that its surface texture is transferred to the surface of the roll, and then subsequently The enemy allows it to move to the product surface. In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, wedges 453 having a smooth, wavy surface profile may be used to give texture to a working roll, such as rolls 114a and/or 114b. For example, the wedge 453 of this characteristic can be used with the media sheet 344 by passing the wedge 453 between the rolls 214a and 214b of the device 210 of FIG. 11. In order to surface-work both the rolls 214a and 214b at the same time, two wedges 453 can be placed back-to-back, or a wedge 453 having two textured faces can be used. As another alternative, the textured wedge 453 can be secured to the surface of the working roll, e.g., 214a, by attaching it to the roll, e.g. through adhesive, soldering or welding, and then the aluminum sheet. It can be used for rolling.

15 illustrates an ultrasonic ball peening apparatus 510 for surface-working a work roll, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The ultrasonic ball peening apparatus is commercially available from Sonats SA (Carquipo Nantes, France), for example. According to the present disclosure, such a ball peening apparatus is made of sheet aluminum, i.e., provided that the speed, density, size, elasticity and compressive strength of the balls allow an appropriate crater depth to be realized over the surface of the treated roll without breaking/deteriorating the pinning medium. It may also be applied for the purpose of working the surface of the work roll to roll it.

Degree 16 shows an apparatus 610 for surface working of a work roll 614 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The knurling head 662 supports a knurling wheel 664 having a textured surface 664a. The knurled wheel 664 is rotatable on the shaft 664b and driven to the surface of the work roll 614 under the influence of a substantial force F. Since the contact surface of the knurling wheel 664 and the work roll 614 is very small, the force F is concentrated in a small area, so that the texture of the surface 664a is transferred to the roll 614, as shown by the region 614a. Lose. The gantry 624 may be used so that the knurling head 662 traverses the work roll 614 to impart the desired texture over the entire roll 614. The work roll 614 can be rotated by an electric motor, which causes the knurling wheel 664 to rotate as it texturizes the work roll 614. Aspects of the present disclosure are such that the resulting surface 614a (or the resulting surface of a work roll processed by the apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 10-15) is described above with reference to, for example, FIGS. 3A-3D. As one has, it has an arrangement consistent with the advantageous texture described above, which is achieved by shot-peening with ball bearings. The texturization of the work roll 614 using the device 610 is 1 by the knurling head 662, depending on the required coverage% and the density (wave shape per unit area) of the surface texture of the surface 664a. You may be required to cross over more than once.

Fig. 17 shows the surface of an aluminum sheet metal M having a surface roughness produced by a roll surface-worked by grinding. The X-axis is in mm and the Y and Z-axes are in μm. The ground roll imparts to the sheet a pattern with several long, parallel furrows. The surface of the sheet M is rough in all directions, and the roughness changes with the direction, creating frictional directionality when the sheet interacts with another object or objects. Typically, the roll roughness transferred to a conventional rolled sheet may range from about 0.5 to 1 μm Ra. An aspect of the present disclosure is the recognition that the roughness and orientation of a conventional sheet rolled with a grinding work roll, when used in a particular application, affects the functionality of the sheet. Additionally, sheets made according to the present disclosure, for example made by rolls pinned by ball bearings as described above, may be used to advantage over conventional sheets for certain applications. For example, when the sheet is used in a structure for storing and guiding the flow of grain, sugar, grain flour or other finely divided material, the sheet produced according to the present disclosure reduces frictional variation due to direction and By reducing the frictional interaction with the material, it can lead to improved flow and good flexibility in the design of the material handling structure.

18 shows grains, grain flour, cereals, powdered foods such as milk, chocolate, spices, eggs, sugar, coffee, tea or other fluid, finely divided, solid substances 707, such as sawdust. A storage container 705, such as a tank or silo for holding, is shown. Filling the container 705 with material 707 up to level L1, and when it is dispensed from or fills the container 705, this will assume various levels within the container 705, for example L2. May be. Filling tube 709 is shown to be disposed adjacent to upper opening 711 for placing material 707 in container 705. The container 705 may have a funnel-shaped portion 713 that gathers up to the outlet 715. The outlet 715 may house a mass transfer/control device, for example a valve, a mechanical turbine, a helical distributor or a pneumatic intake distributor. Funnel 717, small stalk 719 and various types of outlet nozzles 721 may be used depending on the material stored in the container 705. The inner wall 723 of the container 705 may be made of a sheet material, for example steel or aluminum. An aspect of the present disclosure is the recognition that an aluminum sheet made by the techniques disclosed herein may be advantageous when used to form the inner wall of the storage container 705. More specifically, as described herein, for example, referring to Example 1 above, the low coefficient of friction associated with the aluminum sheet produced by the treated roll is the material from the container 705, for example grain It can also facilitate filling and dispensing of powder or sugar. Using grain flour as an example, when introduced into the container 705 (in this case, a grain flour silo), a low static coefficient of friction, e.g., away from (723), to the material 707 It is allowed to fall to the lowest point of the container not occupied by it. The low static coefficient of friction in the interior 723 promotes self-distribution of the material 707 in the container 705. The material 707 present in the container 705 wants to have the lowest and least energy position due to gravity (the weight of the material 707), but the weight of the material 707 is the material unfolding/sideways. _{By allowing it to expand, a force F E} is applied against the interior 723 of the container 705. When the material 707 moves with respect to the inner surface 723, a frictional force F _F is generated to resist movement of the material 707. For example, if material 707 is dispensed from container 705, and it moves from level L2 to level L1, the surface area of material 707 in contact with inner surface 723 is the frictional force F along the contact area. _{By applying F} , it hinders the movement of the material 707 and its distribution from the container 705. The smaller component of the weight W is, in terms that the parallel guide on the inner face opposed to the friction force F _F (723), is the friction force F _F is more important than in the funnel portion (713). By using the aluminum sheet material of the present disclosure to form the inner surface 723, the static coefficient of friction is reduced compared to the sheet material (similar to FIG. 17) having a conventional surface, thereby filling the material from the container 705. And it becomes easy to distribute. The static coefficient of friction for a material depends on the roughness of the material, typically 0.5 to 1.0 μm for conventional sheets. According to the present disclosure, for example, as described above, a corresponding sheet material produced by a surface-worked roll by press-in machining by a ball bearing exhibits a reduced surface roughness and is 10 in terms of static coefficient of friction. To 30% improvement. This improvement translates into a workable arrangement (tilt) for the guide/storage surface, for example in the case of the funnel portion 713, bumping against a material such as grain flour, about 40 to 70 degrees relative to the horizontal.

Reducing the static coefficient of friction reduces the energy generated by friction when handling large-scale materials such as grain flour, thereby reducing the risk of dust explosions. In addition, by reducing the coefficient of friction between the material 707 and the interior 723 of the container, by facilitating filling and dispensing, reducing the demand for material transfer devices (paddles, blowers, screw drives, etc.), energy to drive them is reduced. Reduce. Additionally, the greater ability to sprinkle material 707 may promote cleanliness of the inner surface 723 and first-in, first-out material distribution. In the case of grain flour and other food materials 707, a first-in, first-out turnover prevents the material from continuing in the container for an undesired long period of time, thereby preventing decay. The grain flour will stick to the inner surface 723 of the container 705 and will be rancid if it remains there for many hours. The interior 723 sprinkling the stored material allows it to fall to the floor for early distribution. Additionally, such sprinkling may extend the time between the required cleaning of the container, so in the case of large storage containers such as grain flour silos, it may be accompanied by considerable cost and inconvenience.

In addition to the storage structure, the properties of the low coefficient of friction sheet material produced according to the present disclosure may also be advantageously used to fabricate the mass transfer structure. FIG. 19 shows a trough 805 having a composite helical shape as formed from a sheet material, such as an aluminum alloy treated by a roll described in the present disclosure. Since the surface of the gutter 805 has a low static coefficient of friction, it is more easily compared to a similarly shaped gutter made of a material having a high static coefficient of friction, such as grain, grain flour, sugar, objects, etc. Will pass the material. As a result, the trough 805 may use less inclination, and may be manufactured with smaller dimensions compared to a corresponding trough made from a sheet having a greater static coefficient of friction. While the gutter 805 suggests gravity transport, the seat with a low coefficient of friction promotes movement beyond that induced by a moving device, such as a pusher, paddle, or other automated device.

FIG. 20 shows a tube or conduit 905, formed of a sheet material such as an aluminum alloy and having a composite helical shape, treated by the rolls described in the present disclosure. Since the gutter 805 has a small static coefficient of friction, it will pass the material more easily through it than a similarly formed gutter made of a material with a high static coefficient of friction, thereby making a sheet with a larger static coefficient of friction. The design constraints imposed by it are also relaxed. The material transport structure does not need to have a complex shape and can be of an inclined smooth surface, straight tube or other simple shape, and can still exhibit the advantage of a low static coefficient of friction.

21 shows a test apparatus 1003 for testing the static coefficient of friction of a sample sheet 1023 compared to a predetermined material 1007 such as grain flour. For simplicity of explanation, it is assumed that a sample of material 1007 has a weight represented by a single point generating a _{gravity (weight) F W.} F _W is decomposed by a _{force F N} perpendicular to the surface of the _{sheet 1023 and a force F P} parallel to the sheet 1023 in the opposite direction by the friction force F _F. The friction force F _F is related to _{the normal force F N} by the static coefficient of friction, expressed by the equation F _F =μ _s F _N. If the parallel force F _P exceeds the friction force F _F , the material 1007 will slide under the inclined surface 1023 of the sheet. As shown by angles A and B, the sheet 1023 may be placed at an angle selected with respect to the horizontal to determine the angle at which the material 1007 slides. As described in the examples below, an aluminum sheet formed according to the present disclosure exhibits a lower coefficient of static friction compared to a conventional sheet, and thus the material 1007 disposed on the surface of the sheet 1023 is a corresponding conventional sheet. Compared to the phosphorus sheet material, it slides at a small angle to the horizontal (at a smaller slope).

Example 1

When testing perpendicular to the grain direction, a static coefficient of friction of 0.92, and when testing parallel to the grain direction, a grinding roll with a normal directionality and a roughness of 0.78 mm with a static coefficient of friction of 0.88 for grain flour An aluminum alloy 60cm x 30cm sheet manufactured by was placed on the surface in a horizontal position. Formed according to the present disclosure (surface-worked by a roll pinned with a ball bearing according to the method outlined above in Example 1) and tested in the first direction, a static coefficient of friction of 0.72 compared to grain flour A sheet of similar dimensions of aluminum alloy, having a static coefficient of friction of 0.73, was placed next to the first sheet when tested in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. One cup of 25 grams of grain flour was poured over the surface of each sheet at approximately the same location. Then, the sheet was tilted, increasing the angle with respect to the horizontal. The grain flour placed on the sheet according to the present disclosure was observed to slide the sheet at an angle of 46°. Grain flour placed on a conventional sheet did not slip out of the sheet until an increased angle reached 61°. Conventional sheets were placed in a grain direction parallel to the grain flour movement.

Example 2

In a second example, a conventional sheet made from the first sample and a sheet made according to the present disclosure were reused with the same amount and type of grain flour as before, but both were re-used at 90 degrees relative to their original position. Arranged (so, the grain directions of a typical sheet were arranged side by side, if inclined). The experiment was repeated. When the sheet according to the present disclosure reached an angle of 47°, the grain flour slipped, while the grain flour on the conventional sheet slipped at 67°.

The above-described embodiments demonstrate that aluminum sheets made according to the present disclosure have a lower static coefficient of friction compared to conventional sheets, and that the coefficient of friction is less dependent on the arrangement of the sheets. In addition, the interaction of the grain flour with the sheet having a low coefficient of friction causes the grain flour to slide at less severe angles compared to conventional sheets. This difference in the ease of slipping is to guide, move and store substances such as grains, grain flour, sugar, salt, powdered or granulated chemicals, for example sodium bicarbonate, sawdust or any other such substance. It can be advantageously used in the structure used. Reduced frictional interaction increases the flow rate of material through chutes, tubes, funnels, pipes, and other hollow structures, thereby increasing the rate of material movement, such as blowers and paddles to move these materials. It can also eliminate or reduce the energy requirements of machinery and reduce the complexity of material handling equipment, manufacturing and maintenance costs, and energy use. The increased speed of mass transfer reduces the time and cost to carry out the transfer. For example, with regard to filling silos with grain, grain flour or sugar from a freight vehicle, a 10% improvement in travel speed translates to a 10% reduction in terms of the time required for the vehicle, crew, warehouse, etc. All of this can save you quite a bit. The increased speed of movement and reduced friction are also more of a container such as a silo in that particulate matter, such as grain flour or grain, can more easily slide along the inner surface of the silo when additional material is introduced. Allows efficient alluvial. This sliding accommodates the added material, allowing it to spread without being concentrated in a certain area, for example under a filling conduit, otherwise low density packing and high density packing of the material are induced. The reduced frictional interaction between the material and the mass transfer and storage structures also translates to a greater design freedom of such structures, which is required, for example, to keep some material flowing through the material handling structure. It involves decreasing the slope. The same can be said for the isotropic property of the coefficient of friction of the sheet made according to the present disclosure in that the isotropic quality allows the material handling structure to be fabricated without the sheet grain arrangement problem. In addition to ensuring a reduced frictional interaction without being related to the grain direction, the isotropic quality also makes it possible for the material movement to be more easily predicted. For example, it is possible to find out the path of a material based on the static and dynamic forces, and the structure, regardless of the grain direction of the sheet used to fabricate the structure.

It will be appreciated that the embodiments described herein are illustrative only, and that those skilled in the art may allow many variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed claims. For example, some of the preceding disclosures have shown that the range of roughness (roll grinding) typically applied to aluminum rolling operations covering hot and cold applications is less than 1 microinches to 50 microinches, and for Al operations. It has been shown that a typical work roll hardness is 50 to 70 Rc. Nonetheless, the method and apparatus of the present disclosure can be used to achieve some results by adjusting the pinning parameters and pinning medium, such as residence time and pressure to achieve% coverage, to obtain some results, any roll hardness, and 50 microinches. It can be applied to any excess surface finish. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims (20)

A method of manufacturing a material handling structure having at least one material contact surface, comprising:
Obtaining an aluminum sheet rolled by a working roll having a surface covered by 50% to 100% by indentation without facet, wherein the indentation-mark is compared to the average height of the surface Having a depressed central portion and a raised smooth peripheral edge having a higher height at the apex compared to the average height of the surface, and the desired texture is applied to the work roll surface by a pinning or blasting method, step; And
Forming the aluminum sheet as one or more material contact surfaces
Including,
The aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction with one or more substances of 0.62 to 0.79 when measured for grain flour,
Wherein the aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction having a difference of 5% or less between any two predetermined orientations of the sheet with respect to the direction in which the static coefficient of friction is measured. The method of claim 1,
The method of claim 1, wherein the indentation-mark has a diameter of 150 μm to 400 μm, and a depth in the range of 6±2.0 μm compared to the vertices of the peripheral edges. The method of claim 2,
The material handling structure is a silo having an inner space for storing the material,
Wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the surface defining the interior space. The method of claim 2,
The method, wherein the material contact surface forms a funnel portion of the silo. The method of claim 3,
The material handled by the silo is grain flour,
The method further comprising introducing the grain flour into the silo and contacting the material contact surface with the grain flour. The method of claim 3,
The substance handled by the silo is sugar,
The method further comprising introducing the sugar into the silo and contacting the material contact surface with the sugar. The method of claim 2,
The material handling structure is a funnel having an inner space for collecting the material toward an outlet,
The method, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space. The method of claim 2,
The material handling structure is a trough having an inner space for guiding the material,
The method, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space. The method of claim 2,
The material handling structure is a conduit having an interior space for guiding the material,
The method, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space. A material handling structure having at least one material contact surface, comprising:
Comprising a surface formed from an aluminum sheet, at least partially defining a material contact surface, wherein the aluminum sheet is rolled by a working roll having a surface covered by 50% to 100% by a press-fitting without a cut surface, the press-fitting -The mark has a central portion that is depressed relative to the average height of the surface and a raised smooth peripheral edge with a height higher at its apex than the average height of the surface, and the desired texture is applied to the work roll surface by a pinning or blasting method. Applied, and the aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction of 0.62 to 0.79 when measured against grain flour, and the aluminum sheet is 5 between any two predetermined orientations of the sheet with respect to the direction in which the static coefficient of friction is measured. Material handling structures, with a static coefficient of friction with a difference of less than or equal to %. The method of claim 10,
The indentation-mark having a diameter in the range of 200 µm to 400 µm, and a depth in the range of 0.5 µm to 2.0 µm relative to the vertex of the peripheral edge. The method of claim 11,
The material handling structure is a silo having an interior space for storing the material,
The material handling structure, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the interior space. The method of claim 11,
The material handling structure, wherein the material contact surface forms the funnel portion of the silo. The method of claim 12,
The material handling structure, wherein the material handling structure is a grain flour silo. The method of claim 12,
Wherein the material handling structure is a sugar silo. The method of claim 11,
The material handling structure is a funnel having an interior surface through which the material can be collected toward an outlet,
The material handling structure, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the inner surface. The method of claim 11,
The material handling structure is a trough having a guide surface capable of guiding the material,
The material handling structure, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of the guide surface. The method of claim 11,
The material handling structure is a conduit having an inner guide surface capable of guiding the material,
The material handling structure, wherein the material contact surface forms at least a portion of a surface defining the inner guide surface. delete delete

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