SA515360409B1 - Apparatus and method for imparting selected topographies to aluminum sheet metal and applications there for - Google Patents

Abstract

A material handler formed from isotropic textured aluminum sheet rolled by rolls indented with spherical media, such as steel ball bearings, producing a sheet with a low coefficient of friction relative to particulate matter like flour. The slippery sheeting may be used to make tanks, silos, conduits and guides to facilitate storage and flow of the particulate matter.

Description

— \ — Apparatus and method for selective topography of a metal (Aluminum 286) and applications thereof

Apparatus and method for imparting selected topographies to aluminum sheet metal and applications there for Full Description BACKGROUND BACKGROUND The present invention relates to rolled sheet metal and its flattening; More specifically; Relates to methods and devices for producing specific surface structures with associated triboelectric and optical properties; Like an isotropic surface on an aluminum sheet. In Jad's time, aluminum foil producers use Bale cold rolled to produce a foil with the desired thickness, width, and surface. Hardening/peeling 50 rolls with low depressions (>700) may also be used to produce the foamed surfaces. The surface of the cylindrical rolls (Work rolls) through which the aluminum foil passes may be prepared for the rolling process by grinding wheel or an abrasive belt abrasive. The abrasive leaves a Lda roller surface with directionality in appearance and 0 frictional characteristics as a result of abrasive marks (grinding); which is then conveyed/imported onto a chip which is rolled by the ground drive roller. The directional appearance is of the chip rolled by rollers The groundwork is visible and can be seen frequently through painted coatings applied to the wafer material or to products made of ABE such as a car body panel. Embossing mills were also used to impart surface topography. A specific topography 5 is applied to the Sie “sheet metal” to produce non-directional topologies. To target dimensions that approximate the final dimensions of the sheet. Ornate mills are intended to impart surface structure only and are assumed to have a significant scaling effect on the sheet. The wafer which has already been rolled by the running rollers of the roll. The ornamental chip in a mill represents the ornamentation of steps

Ad —_ _ is additional than a rolling mill and requires additional equipment and material handling and processes a greater variety than the lee roller types of ordinary rolling mills. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a material handler with at least one material contact surface, comprising the following steps to obtain an aluminum foil rolled by means of a working roller having a surface covered in 0 to 75 with grooves devoid of small facets and having a low central region Au To average surface height and a raised smooth circumferential lip with a greater height at its apex than the average surface height, the aluminum foil has a constant coefficient of friction with one material on f of less than to, 79 ERE Ty 0 and the formation of the aluminum foil within the surface in contact with the material The one at least. In another embodiment, the grooves have a diameter in the range from Vou µm to 5060 µm and a depth relative to the apex of the circumferential lip in the range of 7 + Yor µm. In the AT z model, the material handler is a silo with an internal space for storing material JE, the surface in contact with the material Tea, at least from a surface defining the internal space. 5 1 In the AT z model, the material contact surface d is formed within a funnel part of the silo. In another embodiment, the material handled by the silo is flour, and it also includes the step of entering the flour inside the silo and touching the surface in contact with the material with the flour. In another embodiment, the material handled by the silo is sugar, and it also includes the step of introducing sugar into the silo and touching the surface in contact with the material with sugar. In the AT model, the material handler is a funnel with an internal space to convey the material towards an outlet, and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface that defines the internal space. ive

_ _ In another embodiment, the material handler is a trough with an internal space for directing the material JS The surface in contact with the material is at least part of a surface defining the internal space. In another embodiment, the material handler Ble is on a channel with an internal space to direct the material Jay The surface in contact with the material is at least part of a surface that defines the internal space. In another embodiment, the aluminum foil has a coefficient of static friction that varies, le, not more than 75 between

Any two given orientations of the wafer relative to the modulus measurement direction. In the AT z model a material handler with one material contact surface J of less than: Jas surface of aluminum foil defining at least partly the material contact surface, aluminum foil rolled by drive roller with surface covered by 7580 to 7000 with grooves that lack small facets and are

0 has a central area of low La to mean surface height and a raised smooth circumferential flange with a height greater at its apex than average surface height.” The aluminum foil has a static friction coefficient of between 17 * and 79 EN In another embodiment, the grooves are of diameter in Range from 000 µm to 5060 µm and depth dus to apex of the circumferential flange in the range from µm to 0.0 µm.

5 In another embodiment, the Ble material handler is from a silo with an internal space for storing the material, and the shape of the surface in contact with the material, Tea, is at least from a surface that defines the internal space. In the AT z model, the material contact surface d is formed inside a funnel part of the silo. In another embodiment, the material handler is a flour silo. In another embodiment, the material handler is a sugar silo.

In the AT model, the material handler is a funnel with an inner surface capable of converging material towards an outlet and the material contact surface forms at least part of a surface defining the inner surface.

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Qo _ _ In another embodiment, the Ble material handler is based on a trough with a guide surface capable of guiding the material and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of the guide surface. In another embodiment, the material handler is a duct with an internal guide surface capable of guiding the material JS The surface in contact with the material is at least part of a surface that defines the internal guide surface. In another embodiment, the aluminum foil has a constant coefficient of friction that varies by no more than 75 between any two given directions of the foil relative to the direction of the modulus measurement. A brief explanation of the drawings and for a more complete understanding of the present invention; The following detailed descriptions of the representative models considered are indicated in conjunction with the accompanying figures. 0 Figures 1a and 1b are the Jl projection and graphical schematics of the three-dimensional (perspective) projection, respectively, of the surface morphology of a sample drive roller produced by EDT and as measured by roughness gauge. Surface optical profilometry (spall). Figure ? Ble is a schematic projection of a device for flattening a running roller according to a sample from the present disclosure. Figure IV is a graphic layout of a horizontal projection to form a surface for a sample surface of a running roller produced 5 by a process according to a model from the disclosure The current WS is measured by optical surface roughness, the OF figure is a magnified projection of a JV-shaped shard and the figures al and d Ble are perspective graphical sketches of the surfaces shown in figures ?a ofp respectively; As measured by optical surface roughness, Figures A and C are horizontal projections and graphical schematics of a perspective (3D) projection 0, respectively, of the surface formation of a working roller sample surface produced by a process according to a model from the present disclosure and as lie. By measuring the roughness of the optical surface

h —_ _ fo figure is a graphical layout of the horizontal projection surface formation of a sample of an aluminum foil rolled according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and rolled by a working roller produced by a process according to the present disclosure; As measured by optical surface roughness. a bear figure is an enlarged projection of a do-shaped fragment and Figs. 20 and dd are perspective graphs of the surfaces shown in Figs. co glo, respectively; As measured by optical surface roughness. Figures 1a ay CT are graphical plans of a horizontal projection of the surface formation of EO samples of aluminum foil rolled according to a pattern from Disclosure Mal and rolled by a run-roll produced by a process according to a pattern from the present disclosure at dip 701 and dip 0 77 and a decrease of 0 74 on the Jill as measured by optical surface roughness. Figures 1d, 1e, and au Ble for 0 are perspective graphical plots of the surfaces shown in Figures IT, B, and C, respectively, as measured by Measurement of the roughness of the optical surface. Is a graph of the effect of surface structure on the friction coefficient Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a process for improving the surface structure according to a representative model from the present disclosure. Fig. 01 is a schematic projection of a device for flattening a running roller according to another model from the present disclosure 0. Fig. 11 is a schematic projection of a device for flattening a drive roller according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. and 1 are 3 perspective and 3 cross sectional projections respectively 3 media sheet for flattening a running roller according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Vv —_ _ gle Fig. 14 is of a schematic projection of a washer generating device for flattening a running roller according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure Vo is a schematic projection of a drive roller flattening device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a schematic projection of a device for flattening a drive roller according to Model AT of the present disclosure. Hle 117 JSS reported on a perspective projection of the surface structure of a wafer produced by a conventional roller-grinding method. VA JSS is a schematic projection of a material storage structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 0 Fig. 19 is a schematic projection of a material handling structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure Yo is a schematic projection of a material handling structure according to the HAT model from the present disclosure. Figure YY is a schematic projection of the coefficient of a friction tester. Detailed description: Jian is one aspect of the present disclosure in realizing that it is for many sheet metal applications; 5 is preferably with a uniform non-directional end surface; Any surface that appears isotropic and diffusely reflects light. dead The current detection understands that in addition to the appearance effects; The directionally directed roughness of a wafer surface rolled by ground drive rollers influences the forming processes that may be used to form the wafer metal into a formed product; such as a car dashboard; It can be attributed, for example, to differences in the frictional interaction between the forming tool and the wafer material as a result of the directionally oriented milling/grinding patterns 0 in the wafer metal surface imparted by the drive roller. The present disclosure also recognizes that a more uniform surface would be useful in performing some forming operations operating on aluminum foil. ive

Ey One of the methods is used to produce a more uniform surface on a working roller for metal rolling with an electric vacuum forming machine. ) electric discharge texturing near the rolling surface to generate an electric discharge/spark/arc from each electrode to the spool surface; locally melting the spool surface at each spark position and induce the molten steel to form small pools 5 along the surface of the EDT of Molten metal inside paired calms. It produces a machine run

MICroSCOPIC isotropic surface-enhanced spinning reel; But a surface characterizes microscopic depressions of 0-11 μm and edge heights of up to 001 µm in diameter in the range up to 65 µm (Fig. 1). 0 process formed in a rolling; the contact pressure may wear out the EDT shred; so that when rollers are used between the drive roller and/or the wafer and/or the spare roller; Yaw kph 000 high; eg up to which is deposited on the surface of the wafer; on the mill and in the Lalas-ging lubricant isotropic structure. Used for rolling EDT wafer forming sample surface for surface 51 of a curing run roller B 1 showing Fig. 5 many of size Bala is appreciable; surface morphology can be characterized by being covered with peaks and depressions of aluminum WSs. 50 μm relative to reference plate.

VY cabinet has a 01 roll treating apparatus and shows the shape of ? A bearings roller processing device on bearings 16 and the running roller may be supported. 14 working roll to accommodate the 11 working roll and cabinet housing NE coupled with the Yo working roll to enable management; eg by YA VT 0 motor to which YY shot/ ball 0660109 nozzle may also be fitted optional steel ball/ball forcing nozzle; For example by means of YY allows the nozzle to be moved and installed YE gantry on a gantry The pin drive rotates or the chain drive drives; pregnant; cable; or drive YT impact motor by means of YY and nozzle YY fed by motor driven friction wheel drive coupled to the compressed gas nozzle; Such as YY mixing nozzle Ye media hopper and YA media hopper compressor 5

Le

colsgl from compressor YA and media from hopper Fs pusher dgaghs media 71 on outer surface 5 of roller VE Ll media may be in the form of steel, glass, ceramic balls, abrasive granules or blasting/knocking media other steel rollers; As described more below. The VE computer may be used to programmatically control: nozzle position YY by controlling motor YU 5, rotation of the roller by controlling motor 01, compressor operation YA, ratio of dispensing media TY from hopper Fe A YT vision system may be housed within the VY Aha to provide a surface condition view 5 to ascertain whether a particular target surface structure has been achieved by operating the impact of a roller processing device. 01 A sighting system may be attached to the nozzle. YY or may be independently movable on the gantry construction (YE) and may include a magnification and guard to protect the porthole 0 and lens against impact from media. FY media FY dropped through the YY nozzle may be distributed via gia funnel YA funnel portion from cabinet 11 to recycle line 500 which circulates the media ??to hopper Fn eg by screw feeding or under the action of compressed air, blower or suction. VY with a door (not shown) and level indicator bottle (not shown) to facilitate moving the VE La spool in and out of the VY cabinet and to monitor the operation of the VE La roller handler 01. These YY and YA compressors are commercial type to achieve targeted road densities

To create the foamed surface topography. In edb form, the nozzle can be YY held by call as in a conventional steel ball forging device. The compressor YA and the nozzle YY may be changed to obtain the target knocking density pressure output” ie either manually or under computer control” to regulate the speed of media VY projected from the nozzle 0?? To suit different types of media (FY) as well as to suit various operating conditions; Jie hardens a rolling roller VE, initial surface structure and foamed surface structure type 5; roll (all) by certain media FY such as hard steel balls/pellets. 5 Compressor output, media flow rate and Nozzle transverse speed YY relative to roller OE

ive ym by the motor VE and/or where the rolling mill VE rotates over the rolling mill YY where the nozzle passes (Jaa). The control of the forging process with the steel balls can be automatic or manual. For example. 0 As in the processes of clin VE and rolling mill VY, a person can hold, install and move the nozzle

LS Forging operation with conventional steel balls, where the person is equipped with a protective gear and enters partly or inside a cabinet containing a working part. A visual or microscopic inspection of a spool 5 and a flat spool pic 01 may be performed to verify proper operation or to adjust the sill when the hammering/blasting operation has finished. 16 Acceptable Open-sided portable (not shown) Which slog into the YY nozzle may be contained aT and alternatively pressed against the surface 5 forming a movable knock chamber which captures and directs the spent media This knocking chamber may be fixed and moved manually or LF hopper ie back to storage tank 0 by means of a motor-driven feeding mechanism such as gantry 74 and optionally under Ole control (Kl

YE Computer Flattening Roller Jal) The device and methods are used according to the disclosure oY and can provide wafer with desired isotropic spread or Se on a wafer as it is rolled for sizing; Glossy appearance; This eliminates the need for extruding or using a rolling pass to create a formed wafer. In this context 5 the term 'diffuse' denotes a non-opalescent appearance. The context may dag; the term 'glossy' denotes lustrous and is a function associated with frictional properties Lune Variation of surface textures to achieve a desired appearance by appropriate media selection and operating parameters. 8 Mis;

YY dag By means of a hammering/blasting process, the selected media is pushed at the drive roller surface 5 through 0 by means of air pressure. The pressure and unit area are controlled for each processing time; For example, as a function of speed

VY, Media Type YY, Nozzle Configuration YY, Nozzle Transverse Speed 14 Drive Roller Rotation to produce foamed drive roller structure; which occur through the size, shape, density, hardening, velocity or depth, width and shape of the notch and the coverage of the pits/recesses 7 on the TY and the resulting depression/recess of the selected media VY the surface area treated 5. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure; Media includes 5 m1

-11- (Neh) spherical scoring media producing smooth grooves, such as high-quality steel precision ball bearings or bead pellets (glass; ceramic). Mixtures of beads and granules may be used, such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or granule types. Others based on the foamed properties of the resulting surface. Graphical schematics of surface morphology as measured by oF - I graph gauge Figures show the optical surface of a running roller surface flattened according to a sample from the present disclosure. The surface has been hammered 5 > Re diameter < 0.175" and hardness 0001 in shapes ?a-7d with grade 3 steel ball bearings and may also use 00" vv 00 spherical and + vv) 0001 size tolerances and includes LT grade of VE LA BS from YY grades are better than ball bearings. Nozzle spacing may be cm for some applications. 17.7 cm; with a preference of a spacing of about 01 approx 7.54 cm to approx as appreciable; The use of ball bearings as striking media causes uniformly shaped depressions on the surface of the drive roller and the absence of sharp raised lips that are typical of EDT structures The use of ball bearing media creates a set of smooth center depressions that are smooth dass or flange Around the ame mimic the shape of the spheres/spheres they form with rising depressions. Along the surface there are altered sal) depressions formed by offsetting the gradient to a minimum. A suas forms progressively in slope and shelves or incisions are lowered 5 The depth of each depression at the center is less than the mean or average height of the surface and the apex of the circumferential lip is above the mean height. To form a smooth surface, the coal media should not be friable at the level of strength required to create depressions of suitable depth. By dog KI the spherical media will fracture and the resulting sharp edges and small flat faces on the chipped media will cause small faces to form on the surface of the drive roller. These slicing 0 effects can occur to fine surfaces upon impact or later when the spherical media are recycled and re-impacted on the surface. In addition to avoiding breakage of spherical media; It is useful if the force is exerted by the media; Considering the size, speed and density of the balls; Do not create a track on impact that causes grooves to form with a large directional component parallel to the surface of the drive roller. ive yy

The generally smooth ripples in the surface of the 53 drive roller are typically sized in the +/- * to + µm range; However; pits of any desired size may be realized; For example, Le does not exceed 0 µm or less than © µm; as desired. coli, as described more fully, may produce the smooth corrugated surface produced by spherical notching media; such as ball bearings in random models; ie as would be expected to run steel ball forgings or in separate models; It is also explained below. A typical EDT surface includes a greater number of extreme surface variations. A ball bearing forged running roller can be used with ball bearings; as described above; To produce a glossy wafer with an isotropic appearance; Based on starting background reel surface. Lag dled 001 pitch ball bearings described Other types of precision balls may be used; ply on spool Jie dull 0 higher grade ball bearings. As noted, spherical media for reel surface notching are preferably selected with material properties; Such as density, hardening dg pally, compressive strength and tensile strength that allow the balls to collide and notch a line hardened rolling ball without breaking or improving small faces as a result

shocked. Figures A and B show a 54 product drive bobbin according to the AT model of the present list. 5 More specifically; Figure 18 is a horizontal projection as measured by measuring the optical surface roughness to form the surface of a running roller that was hammered with a mixture of aluminum oxide grit mixture (ratio?: 7 of YAY: 170 granules) followed by glass beads of Grade AC (6491-50 µm). Aluminum oxide grain blasting was performed in a manner to remove the pre-milling roller pattern (WS) confirmed by visual evaluation (0) followed by glass bead blasting to achieve a desired diffuse surface appearance. Perspective of the surface morphology of Surface 54 shown in FIG. a, as measured by the optical surface profilometry of 00108. As can be seen from Figs A and C, the use of glass beads results in Surface 54 having less severe peaks than the EDT surface and having a volume of Surface variations are smaller than [EDT surface] and Fig. b shows 5 surface variations in the approximate range +/- 7.0 µm. According to ol one can quite distinguish the surface ive yw but it still has a subtle roughness which may be The resulting EDT 84 is used as a smoother surface to give the appearance of an isotropic surface spread on an aluminum foil which is then rolled by a rolling mill having this type of surface. be less bombarded

HS 01a. As a result; The dee surface (structure) of a drive roller deck treated by 5 lasts longer and can support higher deck load pressure rates and creates less debris when used.

Jie in rolling operations. According to the sample from the current disclosure; where spherical media are used; ball bearings or glass beads; to flatten the running roller; The moderately wavy surface structure produced on the drive roller offers advantages in the rolling process to produce an isotropic surface. Compared to standard floor drive rollers (EDT) mild ripples promote less friction between the wafer and the drive rollers, allowing greater reductions in chip thickness before the lubricant or roller surface fails. The drive roller structure does not wear out. Experiments have shown that in a typical floor-run EDT or flat-roll with a running roller the structures given to the rolling mill by forging according to the present disclosure continue from * to + times Longer than normal ground roller surfaces and larger depressions are possible than 5 before exceeding the mill horsepower limits and EDT testing those taken by the drive rollers the lubricant fails. This is in contrast to the Se 7760's lower snuff ratio for foamed formed wafer production; up to the 701 of 70 which is typically run in the range of about 78 to EDT flat run rollers is lower. Significantly more likely to delete necessary track(s). 0 in another way via rolled to achieve the desired thickness. And rolled by Mall roller to reveal Udy of rolled aluminum sheet ASS die surface fo showing shape with roller surface; such as the surface of pulley 53 shown in Figures ?a-?d; Produced by VE Run a process according to a model from the current list. Figure 0 is a magnified projection of the surface shown in About Ble presented by optical surface roughness measurement. And Figures 20 and D do and Figure 5 ive and bear as measured fo Graphical (three-dimensional) perspective layouts of the sample depicted in Figures “lo” by measuring the optical surface roughness. The wafer produced as shown in Figures 2d was produced by forging with steel balls with steel precision ball bearings. As described in general; notches/morts are hammered; The superimposed on the wafer metal by the Jie LSI drive rollers The structure reverses the structure on the drive roller. However; Both macro and partial features affect ada) during 5 i.e. the final level of specular reflection. ABE the final level of surface gloss. Graphical projections of horizontal projection of surface formation for three 5 aT surface samples. Figures 1a, b, and 0566 show of aluminum foil rolled according to embodiment of the present disclosure and rolled by ASG 53 ASG and drop 701 running roller produced by process according to embodiment of the present disclosure at drop respectively; As measured by optical surface roughness. JE and 0 270 drop the working roller used for rolling these samples were flattened by forcing steel rollers with oxide granules with Shot-peening beads, followed by forcing aluminum oxide grit steel rollers and; the shapes are 1d TE to the two forms dus; As described above, glass beads 215 Sly I, 1, and 1 are perspective graphic layouts of the surfaces shown in the figures, respectively; Figs A and Lab, as measured by optical surface roughness gauge. 5 of photographs of running rollers flattened according to a model

SY on enlarged photographs of fragments of the two shapes Ble of the present invention. And the two forms are lag and lad, respectively. The rolling mill shown in Figures A was forged with steel rollers with oY of 1.1 mm in diameter. The rolling mill is forged with steel balls 00001 series steel ball bearings

HS surface 578 rolling pin with dimples/grooves. 71000 were forged under conditions that produced coverage 0 0001 shown in the two figures for steel rollers with steel ball bearings of category ddl 756 steel rollers under conditions that produced coverage Ad with a diameter of 7,376 mm. A roller was hammered to the surface of the 570 rolling mill with clicks. Wafer production via normal rolling production tables; Eliminates the need (Sao Jad) and according to a model of detection the surface structures of the operating roller produced at OST speed to project or use a rolling pass on the rolling. nor the 5 ive vo produced and normal ground roller surfaces. As a result; The life of an EDT spool as a surface is up to 6 times that of an ordinary spool. in a roller mill; Production is not restricted © Ly note production schedules from wide to narrow as the structure does not improve roll due to wear.

Sie The chip produced is generated by a working roller surface forged with steel balls. With code ball bearings causing a cleaner slider and chip code flat or ground surface EDT less than Lilla 5 surface during rolling. The resulting wafer is isotropic in appearance. The Laie directionally dependent friction coefficient is performed during shaping. The shape of A shows the transverse and transverse (L) longitudinal machining in both directions. longitudinal in sample 6022-143; the forged surface showed a decrease in friction on average and a smaller difference in friction depending on the direction of formation.The isotropic frictional interaction with 0 tools such as those used for drawing and ironing may represent an improvement in the performance of the formation; such as producing More uniform drawing (JCal) and extended drawing strokes. As per the present disclosure, initial surface finish requirements for pre-forging roller bearings or somewhat lustrous for example depend on final wafer appearance requirement; Sle micrometre ball if the surface is isotropic and lustrous 1 > the background roughness Jats Ex. 5 foamed If a less lustrous surface is desired the operating roller milling can be lle degree The amount of pre-grinding foamed affects the initial 00 of any desired grind up to < 1 the final cost of the entire operation as it is Generally more expensive to produce a surface roughness micrometer end. The initial surface end requirement of the pre-forging working roller is preferably micrometer or roughness so that it does not V0 > with glass beads or other media to produce a diffused surface 0 The grinding pattern of the rolling roller is visible on the forged working roller after curing. The removal of back roller milling during glass bead forging will be dependent on the forging processing variables selected to produce a sprung finish. The present disclosure is also illustrated by the following examples. Obtain images of a representative surface 578 (83) of a drive pulley configured according to IV 5. Figures A-D, 1 show an example of a representative model from the present disclosure. Create a background roll topography with 5 ive

Cyr Standard grinding (pre-grinding) approximately > © µm roughness. A series of dimples to 00 micrometers are produced on the surface of the rolling mill by forcing with steel balls 0080 in diameter from Te > Re and the jie hardness is 1.1 mm in diameter 0001 with steel balls of Class 46A to 67 001; Rapidly causing a bump diameter of about 0A causes the surface of a rolling ball to harden from about a bump of about 6.5 µm to about Gees µm to about 5060 µm 5 ball µm. The diameter and depth of the rake is influenced by the curing conditions (ball speed 7000 and dependent on the hardening of the initial run-in roller. In this example, about “velocity” of the surface area is “covered in dimples”; as measured by visual inspection but coverage can range Based on a foamed surface finish. Provides coverage from yor to approx. 701 in.

0 250 to 7200 drive roller surface produces aluminum foil with foamed optical and mechanical properties. Measured coverage can vary 7 based on the method of measurement. Optical methods tend to overestimate coverage when compared to normal scale from topographic images. According to another embodiment, the velocity of the balls may be tuned to produce notches with a diameter of 151 µm to 0 µm and a depth relative to the apex of the circumferential flange in the range of 76 + ? micrometer.

The benefits experienced with the use of these rollers in decomposition rolling include: 1 pass omitted (teall passes in hot rolling); the ability to roll from narrow to wide; longer life of the roller; less rolling mill coating improved in hot rolling due to reduced material transfer; and low debris generation in cold rolling. Example?, according to another representative sample from the present disclosure; A spreading surface running roller may be formed

0 by means of a drive roller which is pre-milled to > © µm coarseness. The media may be less than a glass bead; Other "ceramic" beads may be Grade 8 to Ally AH with mesh sizes from AVE*-95 microns to ;-015 microns or other solid abrasive particles; Jie Aluminum Oxide (grain sizes 11 to E00) A combination of glass beads, ceramic beads and aluminum oxide media may be required, applied in succession, to produce a surface finish as shown in

5 Figures TE and Cb. ad sabil (Jal) The surface of the rolling mill is first anodized in sizes ie vy

Mixed granularity (ratio ?: ? of 171 and 180 grit) with a 6/51" nozzle and 1.4 MPa exposure speed of 0.5" per minute followed by a pitch of glass beads (mesh size -797). 144 μm) at 1.7 MPa using an “AMT” nozzle and a lateral speed of 0.* per minute. The spacing is set based on the nozzle shaft lengths of the particular piping system. Nozzle choices, pressure rates and lateral speeds will be dependent on the machine being used for hammering. And it could

The percentage coverage area ranges from 701 to 77250 based on the foamed surface finish. Depending on the above variants, a flat running reel may run at dips between 01 to 7080 Glo (in contrast to EDT treated reels which are typically run at dips from about 78 to 701). A larger dip may be used. To delete one or more drop lanes which may be

0 GAT coated to achieve desired thickness and surface appearance. The resulting wafer has an isotropic appearance and isotropic functionality. Figure 4 shows a process diagram for improving the surface structure according to a representative sample from the present disclosure. In a first stage (1) (not shown), the obtained surface topologies are predicted using a range of forging conditions and media types.

5 Media size, composition and forging process conditions may be selected; such as speed and coverage of to control the final foamed structure of the bobbin; (Ally) are then superimposed on the rolled product. The relationships between these variables (modal size, composition, and forging process states) and the obtained flattening results may be recorded and used as the basis for predictive computer modeling at the stage | for any given set of variables to produce the surface structure of the reel .

0 and in the next stage (I) (shown in Fig. 4) the photo-scatterer is predicted and shown for a given set of real or hypothetical surface topologies. As shown in Fig. 9; Jodi modeling may choose a surface that has “Can” properties. A special optic Jie is a projected light scattering eg to produce a certain degree of luster A method for generating an aluminum foil having the desired optical properties may then be pursued by the following steps.

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(a) compilation of a data file which associates a set of specific surface segments with corresponding optical properties for each surface segment; including the light scatterer, length scale, and flatness processing variables used to achieve each of the combination of surfaces; (b) implicitly assigning virtual surface variables by defining the target optical properties; (c) virtual surface modeling by retrieving data relating to a single surface segment (BY) with measured or predicted optical properties most similar as the target optical properties; (d) Comparison of the target optical properties with the optical properties of at least one surface section; (e) if the comparison in step (d) does not indicate a match; It then retrieves data for another surface segment in the data file that measured or predicted optical properties similar to the target but different from the target in 0 aspect relative to how the optical properties of one particular surface segment on J differ from the target properties; (f) Sampling the optical properties of at least one surface profile and of another surface profile in proportion to the magnitude of its corresponding differences from the target properties to arrive at corrected optical properties of a corrected hypothetical surface and recording the contributions of the composition of the composite sample for at least one surface profile and the other surface profile; (g) comparison of the optical properties of the hypothetical surface 5 (madd) with the target optical properties to confirm the reduction in the differences between them; and then repeat steps (e) - (g) until little or no improvement is seen;

The best hypothetical surface relative to the target was then confirmed. Note that steps (c) through (g) can be performed as described or can be replaced with non-straight least squares optimization algorithms to automate the process. And to complete the process; The two modeling steps (a) 0 and (a) are combined. specifically; By: (1) verifying the flatness dallas variables used to achieve each group of surfaces by fitting these variables in proportion to the contribution of the optical properties of each superimposed surface segment to the hypothetical best surface and thus determining the best flatness treatment variables; (Y) Roll flattening procedure according to the best flattening processing variables, and (©) rolling the aluminum foil with flat dull roller at step A. As can be seen, when a modeled solution 5 is reached, the forging variables with their associated steel rollers may be included in roller flattening yee the actual embedding results may be stored in the database along the process variables that made them expand the modeling ability work to flatten two play rollers 011 alternative apparatus

Mi from the current list. And during the flattening process, which AT according to the model B116 1114 05 are parallel and rotatable relative to B1164 116, the two operating rollers old, described as 5, are placed

NT supported at the ends by matching bearings (not shown); like aig to each other; shown 010 of the figure ? and rotated by a motor or motors (not shown) such as motor A on the construction of 1 of the YY shape as the VYY nozzle media in the shape of ?. A nozzle may be held close to the NE VE along the two gantry 017 rollers to move or fix the nozzle (media bearings 111 die L). And the nozzle (Nip) can distribute their convergence, which may be called disc 0 in directions by 116 dE so that when the two rollers (Nasal) are rotated in the region of 117 sphere opposite the nozzle 77 no eg between rolling mills.ITY shown by arrows; the balls will be drawn under pressure to achieve a high speed; but it may only distribute the balls 177 to drive the balls 17 the nozzle needs smaller than the diameter of the balls 137; b 11; 1116 in a way Rated. And if the space between the two rollers is 0" and since the rollers are Nall, then the condition of mechanical interference is achieved when they are pulled in 5 and are elastic IVE VE be comparable or have a hardness greater than the surface of the two rollers 0" sufficiently, and having sufficient compressive strength to pass through the disc, not without fracture, it will induce the formation of indentations in the surface of the rollers 611a; 611b as it passes through the disc L8.The indentation is formed by compression rather than by its formation from an impact force of 114 dV E In the surface of the two rollers the balls projected at the surface at a high speed. After passing through the disk no; the balls 0 may be collected capable of 116 1116 for reuse. The two rollers may be VFA in a gutter or hopper 0" for reuse Dale to allow them to move closer together or further apart; Narrowing or and/or controlling the depth of the depressions to which the disc is expanding ITY not; To adjust different size balls

READE SPARE configured on two pulleys ive

Cy. of the ball feeding mechanism; Any AT hopper/funnel with a Type 01 Blas Fig. 11 device showing a Fig. 11 filling area is a YTV that is capable of holding and dispensing a supply of 700-strand balls at all times. More specifically, 1171 to the capacity of the YY balls between the disc and the hopper/funnel; The 777 balls passing through the disc act as a buffer line causing dropped balls to be tightly supported across the 771 and prevent more balls from falling out. The funnel/hopper 7710 may be installed in the hopper funnel 5 such that the N is above the disc B71164 (YE) in the shaped area defined by the two rollers and the balls pass .771 and the funnel/hopper B714 714 Balls 777 can pass between the two rollers for replacement 7700 is collected via disc No more balls flow out of funnel/hopper YYY and recycled by lines 766a 0 76c TFA Used balls 77 in gutter B16 VV E and a 747 baffle can be used on both ends of the OVE rollers and a recirculator 0 (only one shown) to prevent the 777 balls from flowing over the ends of the 61?a 617b rollers, which contain the 777 balls in the shaped area. From Disclosure AT to Flatten Play Roll according to YEE Model Media Sheet 1 and 11 Figures A? 4 show the web portion Sui has the current 744 media sheet. The media sheet may be

YYY Elasticity; in which flattening media is immersed; Such as spherical grooves for sale eg type 5 suckers as ball bearings. alternatively; The 44" mesh part may be made of a paper or polymer wafer with a TEE device to which the flattening media is attached with glue. The media wafer may be specifically employed by passing the media wafer 11 and 01 as shown In Figs. 701 0011 flattening 7?7.. and if the lattice portion 4 4? is flexible YY across the disc rather than in place of the loose balls Vit it may be possible to form a ring that is sufficiently continuous with the GAL 77 wafer It holds the 0"a 617b balls until foamed groove coverage is achieved. 16 allowing them to be rotated between the two YEE media rollers In which VEE model may the 77 balls be distributed? over media wafer 17 and as shown in a more dispersed form or form or VEE desirable; Like evenly spaced universal coverage of the entire media sheet Random distribution. ive yy Like glass; Coated with a layer of ££ support surface schematically 14 support surface showing the shape of ultrasonic light Jie 457 radiation source; Ging EEA photoresist or photopolymer emits radiation or laser ¢ electron beam electron glad « UV light optional radiation pale light distributed da and in RI; Radiation lens array or mask mask “£0. distribution element 5

Bla 548 impinging on photoresistor layer R2 in a distributed radiation matrix RI wavy pattern 4/8 A overexposed. When the photoresistor improves; A smooth, foamy peripheral structure may be formed. alternatively; The photoresist layer may be exposed/shaped by a laser or electron beam scanner to generate the desired exposure pattern and resulting surface profile upon optimization. To the entrustee of the present application and the entire contents of which are included in this application by reference; may of Enhanced Photoresistor Layer Surface Section 448. As also described £0F the grow washer in Patent No. 7,095,007 the washer may be hardened £ 07 by various laminations and coatings to allow it to be marked on the surface of a metal spool to allow its surface structure to be transferred to the 5 surface of the rolling spool and thereafter to a surface of a product.

Jie Use of a £07 washer having a smooth wavy surface section to give this structure to the drive pulley; Jie wafer 457 washer of this nature may be used (Jil sabil eg.b11; pulley;11a and/or . 11 According to Fig. 701, the washer 457 passes between the two rollers 6714 407b of the media device (TEE) and to flatten both rollers 417a 607b at the same time; two washer 4257 back to back or 0 can be employed

Jie with two shaped faces. As another alternative; A machined washer £01 may be attached to the drive pulley surface; £OT washer ?! By sticking it to the roller with adhesives, brazing or spark welding 4 and then using it to roll the aluminum foil. To flatten the running roller 001 Schematic of ultrasonic ball hammering device Vo showing the shape of ultrasonic ball hammering seal from the current list. And the AT is according to the form of D11 5 ive

Ultrasonic manuals are commercially available; For example from Sonats SA, Nantes, Carquefou, France and according to the present disclosure; These ball striking devices may be applied for the purpose of flattening the running rollers of aluminum lamellar rolling mills i.e. if the velocity is ; density ¢ and volume; and “elasticity” and “compression strength of the balls” so that proper groove depth is achieved on the treated roller surface without breakage/dissolution of the road media.

Figure VT shows a device 1010 for flattening a running roller 116 according to the model AT of the present disclosure. The knurling head 137 supports a knurling wheel 164 with a textured surface 172, and the knurling head 164 is rotatable on the axle 4b and is induced within the surface of the drive roller 114 under the action of a large force. .F substantial force 0 and where the contact area of the scoring wheel 174 and drive roller TE is small clas force F is concentrated over a small area; allowing transfer of the surface structure 174 to the IVE roller as shown by Edel (JT) A gantry construction 174 may be used to allow notch head 6737 to cross the drive roller 114 to impart the foamed structure over the entire TYE roller The drive roller may be rotated TYE by means of an electric motor induces the scoring wheel 174 to rotate as it forms the drive roller 5 114. One aspect of the present disclosure is to ensure that the resulting surface 116 (or the resulting surfaces of the drive roller processed by the device described by reference to Figures + (Vom having a consistent conformity with the useful structure described above, such as that surface achieved by forging by steel balls with ball bearings, as described above with reference to Figures ?a-?d. and may require forming of a TYE drive roller using machine 601 More than one crossing by notching head 167 structures

0 on the surface texture density of the 1764 surface (ripples per unit area) and the 7 foamed coverage. Clearly shaped 117 M aluminum sheet metal surface with surface roughness produced by roller flattened by grinding. Note that the l-axis is expressed in millimeters and that the 8305 7 and 2 axes are expressed in micrometres. Grinding rollers give the wafer a pattern that includes a set of parallel expanding grooves. The chip surface is rough in all 5 directions and the roughness varies with direction, which leads to frictional directivity when the chip interacts

M1

_ \ Ad —_ with an object or other objects. Typically, the roughness of the roll imparted to a conventional rolled sheet can be in the range of about 155 µm to 1 µm. Part of the present disclosure is the realization that the directional roughness of conventional chip rolled by abrasive drive rollers has an effect on chip function when used in certain applications. Also, that the wafer produced according to disclosure Jie, Jal 5, the wafer produced by means of a roller being hammered by ball bearings as described above, may be advantageously used relative to a conventional wafer for certain applications. For example, when the wafer is used in a structure to store and/or direct the flow of material, such as grain, sugar, flour, or another finely fractionated material, a wafer produced according to the present disclosure can reduce the frictional interaction with the material and reduce the frictional variation da of direction, thereby Leads to greater find flow and flexibility in the design of the 0 material handling structure. ming form YA vessel Jie ,V.o storage receptacle CAS A storage tank or silo for storing grain, flour, grain, or dried foods such as milk, chocolate, spices, eggs, sugar, coffee, or tea, or other flowable fractionated solid sale 1,007 as sawdust. Slay Article 7097 Veo to Level 1 and may assume various levels, such as L2 5 inside Vessel 105 as it dispenses from Vio or fills it. ang illustration tube filler 4 placed close to top hole 711 for precipitation of material Jala 1097 vessel Veo vessel Vio may include funnel-shaped part 0 which approaches outlet 71©5 and may house The outlet Vie is a material moving/control device in the material such as a valve, a mechanical turbine, a helical dispenser, a pneumatic distributor 0, or a dispenser 800100. It may be Using funnels (VY), sieves (09) and outlet nozzles (YY) of different types depending on the material stored in the vat 5 . The inner walls 777 of pan 1705 may be made of sheet metal, eg, steel or aluminium. Part of the present disclosure is the realization that aluminum foil manufactured by the al technologies disclosed herein can be useful when used to form the inner walls of Sang Veo storage vessels More specifically, the low coefficient of friction associated with the foil may enhance

Tite

1 aluminum produced by rollers curing as described here, with reference to example Shel 1 eg, ede and distributing the material, such as flour or sugar from the vessel Veo and using flour as an example, as it is fed into the vessel Vio (which In this case it may be a flour bunker) A low static friction coefficient allows the flour to be poured from the inner surfaces, such as 177, and fall to the lowest point of the unoccupied vessel with material 707. A low static coefficient of internal friction 77 promotes self-distribution of the material 1/00 in the vessel Veo and the material Vo in the vessel Vo wants to assume the lower minimum active position due to gravity (the weight of //a material 7007), but also the weight of material 707 causes the material to diffuse/stretch laterally , which exerts a force FF against the inner surface VY of the vessel Veo and when material 709 moves relative to the inner surface 77 1, the frictional force FF 0 increases the resistance to movement of material VY For example, in the case of a distribution Material VY from the vessel Veo causing its movement from level L2 to level 1a, the surface area of material 1709 will be brought into contact with the inner surface 17 77 Frictional force FF along the contact area, which impedes the movement of material 1097 and its distribution from the vessel Veo The frictional force FF is more significant in the funnel part VOY 3 that a component smaller than the weight is directed / not parallel For the inner surface 77 to oppose the frictional force 5 (FF) and by using sale chips according to the present disclosure of the inner surface formation NYY the coefficient of static friction is lowered relative to a foil material with a conventional surface (such as a VY shape) facilitating filling and dispensing The material is from bowl 765. The coefficient of static friction of a material depends on the roughness of the material, which for a conventional wafer will typically be from 1.5 to 100 µm. A comparator wafer material produced by flat rollers according to the present disclosure, such as notching with ball bearings, etc., as 0 described above, will show a lower surface roughness and an improvement from 700 to 770 in the coefficient of static friction. This improvement is transmitted in an operable (slope) direction to orient/store the counter surface of a material such as flour by about 58 to Ve degrees relative to the horizontal direction, eg ad funnel

NY

Reducing the static friction factor reduces the energy generated as a result of friction when handling bulk materials for a dust explosion. Also, reducing the friction factor Lam such as flour, which reduces risk 25 ive yo by enhancing filling and dispensing, may reduce the need for Vo equipment 777 inner surface of the bowl with material screw blowers blowers paddles Moving matter (paddles, etc.) and the energy it occupies. In addition, it may promote greater pourable capacity for drives first come out. In the case of flour, Yl, the cleanliness of the inner surface 77, and the distribution of the material in a way. It enters 1. It prevents turning over a method. It enters first in, first out. The material stays in the container for a period of Vo and other food materials. 5 Its adhesion to the surfaces (Alls in Ta) Unnecessarily long, causing damage. And the inner flour 177 will become the bowl 705 and stay there for an excessive period of time. The 777's inner surface, which spills the stock, allows it to fall into the base for early dispensing. In addition, such pouring may lengthen the flour silo, Jie, the time between required cleaning of the vessel, which, in the case of a large storage vessel, entails considerable cost and inconvenience. In addition to storage structures, a depression as per the present disclosure may be useful for the manufacture of material handling structures. Figure 19 shows a tub with a compound spiral shape and composed of a sheet metal, such as an aluminum alloy treated with the described rollers 5 of a lower static friction coefficient, which will pass the material, Ave in the present disclosure. And where the surfaces of the trough include grains, flour, sugar, bodies, etc., more easily than a trough similarly made of Jie 5 material with a lower slope and may be Ave therefore, the trough may use a dam that has a higher coefficient of static friction. Manufactured with smaller dimensions than a comparable tub made of chips that have a larger coefficient of constant friction.

AT induced by means of actuation, such as an impeller, paddle, or device Alloy Jie Tube or Raceway 905 Composite Spiral Form Composed of Wafer Metal, 01 Shown as Figure 0 Includes Avo Modulus Aluminum Cured with Rollers Described in the current disclosure. Since the trough has a low static friction, it will traverse the material through more easily than a trough of similar shape made of a material with a higher static friction coefficient, thereby overcoming the design limitations imposed by chips having a higher static friction coefficient. The material-carrying structure does not need to be complex ive

11)

(Say) be an inclined flat surface, straight tube, or simple AT shape and still show

Benefits of a lower static friction coefficient. Figure VY shows a tester 00117 for testing the static coefficient of friction in microseconds for a wafer sample 01" relative to a given sale, 0011 such as flour. For simplicity and clarity, a sample of material 00117 is assumed to have a point weight One that generates a gravitational force [FW (weight) force FW can be decomposed into a force normal to the surface of the wafer (FN Vo YY) and a force parallel to the wafer (FP) YY which is counteracted by the frictional force FF The friction force FF is relative to the normal force FN by the coefficient of static friction as expressed by the equation FF = ps (FN) and when the parallel force FP exceeds the frictional force FF material 00111 will slide down Surface 0 inclined of the Va YY wafer As shown by angles A and 8, the Vo YY wafer can be positioned at selected angles relative to the horizontal direction to check the angle at which material .00111 will slide and as shown in the following examples, An aluminum foil formed according to the present disclosure exhibits a lower coefficient of static friction than conventional foils and therefore material 001117 applied to the surface of BEN 01" slides at g And it duns less to the horizontal direction (at a lower slope) than a comparative traditional chip sale. 5 Example 1, A wafer of aluminum ingot 610 cm by Vo cm produced by roller grinding has a roughness of 1.74 m incorporating conventional directionality and a static coefficient of friction of AA relative to flour when tested in parallel For grain direction and a static coefficient of friction of 37+ when tested perpendicular to the grain direction, on a surface in a horizontal position. A wafer of aluminum ingot of similar dimensions shaped to the present disclosure (flat by a roller hammered by ball bearings according to 0 a process outlined above in Example 1) and with a constant coefficient of friction of ds VY was applied to the flour when tested in first direction and coefficient Static friction of VY when tested in the Ol direction perpendicular to the first direction, next to the first wafer. A cup of flour, weighing Yo gram, was poured onto the surface of each wafer at about the same position. Al) wafers were then sanded at increasing angles Awd to the horizontal direction. It was observed that the gad placed on the wafer according to the current detection slides under the wafer

ive

The Glu was painted at an angle of 7. The flour placed on the conventional foil was placed under the wafer until it reached the elevation angle of 71. The conventional wafer was placed with the grain direction parallel to the movement of the flour. Example?, In a second example, the two conventional wafers from the first example manufactured according to the present disclosure were reused by GIS with the same quantity and type of flour as before, but the two wafers were reorientated at 900 degrees 5 dus to their original position (so that the Orienting the grain direction of the conventional wafer side to side when deflected). The experiment was repeated. The flour slid down the wafer according to the current disclosure “Lovie” and the wafer reached an angle of 49 ", while the flour slid on the conventional wafer at an angle of CTY It is less dependent on the orientation of the wafer.In addition, the interaction of the wafer with a lower coefficient of friction with the flour allows the flour to glide at a less steep angle than a conventional wafer.(Savy usefully uses this variation in glide ease in structures used for guiding, warping, and storing Materials, such as grain, flour, sugar, salt, dried or granulated chemicals, Jie sodium bicarbonate, sawdust or any other such material.Low frictional interaction may be employed to increase the material flow rate Through ducts and tubes, cones, tubes and other hollow structures thus speeding up material transfer, eliminating or reducing the energy requirements of Jie machines (blowers and paddles) to move that material longitudinally, thus reducing the complexity of a machine Primary materials, manufacturing costs, maintenance and energy use. Increasing rates of material transportation reduce the time and cost required to carry out the transportation. For example, for filling a silo with grain, flour, or sugar from a freight vehicle, an improved haul rate of 701 0 will result in a 700% decrease in time required for the vehicle, crew, storekeepers, etc., all of which result in Significant cost savings. The increased transfer rate and reduced friction also allow a more efficient lle of a container such as a silo, so that particulate matter such as flour or grain can slide more easily along the inner surfaces of the silo with the introduction of additional material. This slip is suitable for the additive, allowing it to spread and deconcentrate in areas, such as under the fill chute, which 5 will lead one way or another to low-density packing areas and high-density packing areas of the material. ive

CA

The reduced frictional interaction between materials and structures that move and store materials also leads to the freedom to lower the gradients needed to keep a particular material flowing through a Jie structure. A larger design for those structures. The same can be said of the isotropic nature of the chip friction coefficient (Sag). Material Handling. Produced according to the present disclosure, in that the isotropic quality allows the manufacture of material handling structures without regard to the direction of the grain of the chips. Besides ensuring a low frictional reaction regardless of the direction of 5 eg ad with the movement of materials more easily . gail The isotropic quality of the grain load, allows the trajectory of a material to be verified on the basis of geometry and static and dynamic forces independently of the grain orientation of the wafers used to manufacture the structure.It is understood that the models described here are representative only and that a person skilled in Scope 0 may introduce several variations and modifications without distancing from (gad) and the scope of the subject matter to be protected. For example (JU) gia from the above disclosure defines the range of roughness (roll grinding) that is typically applied to aluminum rolling operations covering a cycle of applications Hot rolling and alb Rd > 1 µm to 50 µm and typical drive roller hardening rates for AL runs are 50 to Jeg REV though; The present methods and detector can be applied to any surface finish above 50 µm and any hardening by daily roller to achieve the same results by adjusting the method parameters and method parameters; Jie pressure and simple downtime to effect coverage 7. It is intended that all these variations and modifications be included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (1)

—v4— Claims - 1 A method for manufacturing a Material handler with at least one surface in contact with the material, comprising the following steps: Obtaining an aluminum sheet rolled by a work roll forming an aluminum sheet into one surface in contact with the material; Wherein the 5 work roll has a surface covered in a ratio of ov to 70090 with grooves devoid of small facets and includes a central region low relative to the average surface height and a smooth raised circumferential flange of greater height at the apex than the average surface height, aig Applying the required texture to the work roll by hammering or blasting process; And the aluminum sheet has a static coefficient of friction 0 between Ya 5 TY ;; measured with respect to flour; And the aluminum foil has a static coefficient of friction that varies, Le, not more than 965 between any two specific directions of the chip relative to the direction of the coefficient measurement. “- Method according to claim 0 wherein the indentations are of diameter in the range from 1001 µm to 50 860 µm and depth relative to the apex of the circumferential flange in the range of 1 + 5.1 µm.” - The method according to claim Y, where the material Jolie is a silo 510 with an internal space for storing the material and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface defining the interior space 0 . ¢— The method according to the oF protection element in which the surface in contact with the material is machined within a funnel part ,. Silo of the funnel portion =” since –o the method according to the element of protection oF where the material handled by the silo is flour and also includes the step of entering the flour inside the silo and touching the surface in contact with the material with the flour. +- The method according to the oF protection element, where the material handled by the silo (SIO) is sugar and also includes the step of introducing sugar into the silo and touching the surface in contact with the material with sugar. 1- The method according to the oF protection element, where the material handler is a funnel with an internal space of the material 0 outlet towards an outlet, and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface defining the interior space. A method according to the oF protection element, where the material handler is a basin with an internal space for directing the material and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface defining the interior space 5 . - The method according to the protection element oF, where the material handler is a channel with an internal space to guide the material, and the shape of the surface in contact with the material is at least part of a surface that defines the interior space. 0- Material handler with at least one material contact surface, including: Kak surface of aluminum foil aluminum sheet specify at least Wis the material contact surface where the aluminum foil is rolled by a drive roller work roll with 0:7000 surface covered with grooves devoid of small facets; It includes a central region that is low relative to the mean surface elevation and a raised smooth circumferential lip with a height greater at its apex than the mean surface elevation; The required texture is applied to the running roller by the forging or blasting process; ive The aluminum sheet shall have a static coefficient of VA 5 1.17 (yy friction ; measured Lad in relation to the flour; and the aluminum sheet shall have a static coefficient of friction which varies by no more than 965 between either direction mapped to the wafer relative to the direction of the modulus measurement. Jolie 11. Material handler of claim 01, wherein the ld indentations are in diameter in the range from Yoo µm to 5080 µm and depth relative to the apex of the circumferential flange in the range from © µm to 0 .10 µm. 11-0 material handler according to Clause 11, where the material Jolie is silo 5110 with an internal space for storing the material and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface that defines the interior space. Jolie - 1 "material handler according to claim 11, where the surface 5 in contact with the material is formed inside the funnel portion of the Silo gia. 6 - material handler according to item Protection 11, where the material handler is a flour silo.-1#« 0 material handler according to claim 11, where the material handler is a sugar silo. - The material handler according to Clause 11, where the material jolin is a funnel with an inner surface capable of conveying the material towards an outlet, and the surface in contact with the material forms at least 5 part of a surface that defines the interior space. -11 material handler According to claim 11, where the material handler is a trough with a guiding surface capable of guiding the material and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of the guiding surface — YA 5 The material handler according to Claim 11, where the material Jolin is a duct with an internal guiding surface capable of guiding the material, and the surface in contact with the material forms at least part of a surface that defines the internal guiding surface. 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[ES 5% “og FPG: Y A 1 5a Sal 01 FIG M1 YR WEY 2 7 Kw om, . A > i the LY WW I IRR | a” At ey £ Mee 5 b Fe ow AF 3 be a ol Ye : 23 A WY tod 4 : K Ss 3 A 3 N Rustad 18 VAR of \/ VE va Jedi N dam mother i ~~ 1 1 ©" be 2 > Jala A ve Ka 4 P= < ¥ Tie —0.— 4 EE 2 Led b — and 3 | J For RENTS Ea : o ee 7 £ i oN 5 1 b J - pS : Yoyo ; Le < 08 m i f “ad” Far N i oo Fy Bes Fun ee 7 : HE SY rE : Pe by R SO ES pea i Fa © od . And A ir 4 the a 5 = a mi 3 = NE = et % : a “ed 0 a for Pa 1 A : eT a + sak Ful ra ane the - : #5 0 Patt bo en } ¥ : 5 1 Figure The validity period of this patent is twenty years from the date of filing the application, provided that the annual financial fee is paid for the patent and that it is not invalid or forfeited for violating any of the provisions of the patent system, layout designs of integrated circuits, plant varieties, and industrial designs, or its executive regulations issued by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; Saudi Patent Office P.O. Box TAT Riyadh 57??11 ¢ Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Email: Patents @kacst.edu.sa