KR102141162B1 - The excavation method using continuous free surface for reducing vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a ground excavation method of excavating a ground using a continuous free surface for reducing vibration, and more specifically, an excavation bit capable of drilling the ground, and extending in a direction parallel to the excavation bit, and connected by A first free surface forming step of forming a continuous free surface around the excavation area requiring excavation in the ground using a cloth mill including a guide guide connected to the excavation bit; Forming a second free surface by dividing the excavation area into a plurality of block shapes by forming a plurality of free surfaces inside the excavation area requiring excavation using the fabric mill; And an excavation step of excavating each excavation block in which the excavation area is divided into a plurality of block types by any one of mechanical excavation, blast excavation, or a combination of mechanical excavation and blast excavation. will be.

Description

The excavation method using continuous free surface for reducing vibration}

The present invention relates to a ground excavation method, and more particularly, to a ground excavation method using a continuous free surface to excavate the ground in order to increase the drilling efficiency while reducing the number of punctures and reduce vibrations that may be caused during the excavation process. It is about.

In general, the method of excavating the ground to form a tunnel or underground space can be largely divided into mechanical excavation and blasting excavation.

Among them, the blasting excavation is gradually excavated through a method of blasting by dividing it into shear or small sections using gunpowder after making a large number of perforations in the ground. In order to reduce the loading amount, there are a low-pollution rock excavation method using a multi-free surface and a rock excavation method using a large-diameter large-capacity free surface.

Such blasting excavation is an effective excavation method commonly used in mountainous areas where there are no facilities affected by the environment, or there are facilities that are sensitive to environmental problems such as noise and vibration in the surroundings or require close construction in the vicinity of existing important structures. In the case, when the safety of civil complaints and structures is a priority, such as downtown excavation, there is a difficult problem of applying blasting excavation. In addition, the blasting method should be applied only when the separation distance from the structure is sufficiently secured in order to satisfy the vibration standard, but when the separation distance from the structure is not sufficiently secured, there is a problem that the applicability is poor.

In order to solve the problem caused by blasting excavation, mechanical excavation using halam equipment may be performed. The machine excavation includes the GNR method using a hydraulic piston type rock incision device, and the Super Wedge method using a bracket device for rock breakers. This machine excavation has an advantage in terms of noise and vibration compared to blasting excavation, but the number of perforations must be increased excessively, and there may be excessive excavation in the boundary of the design excavation line. have. Particularly, since the right angled portion is impossible to do, additional breaker work is involved, and thus the workability is deteriorated due to a decrease in excavation efficiency or a problem such as air delay is occurring.

The present invention was created to solve the above-mentioned problems, and uses a ground excavation method to excavate the ground using a continuous free surface to increase the drilling efficiency while reducing the number of punctures and reduce vibrations that may be caused during the excavation process. Provided is for technical purposes.

The ground excavation method of the present invention for achieving the above object is a drilling factory that includes an excavation bit capable of drilling the ground, and a guiding guide extending in a direction parallel to the excavation bit and connected to the excavation bit by a connecting portion. A first free surface forming step of forming a continuous free surface around the excavation area requiring excavation on the ground;

Forming a second free surface by dividing the excavation area into a plurality of block shapes by forming a plurality of free surfaces inside the excavation area requiring excavation using the fabric mill; And

And an excavation step of excavating each excavation block in which the excavation area is divided into a plurality of block types by any one of mechanical excavation, blast excavation, or a combination of mechanical excavation and blast excavation.

In the above ground excavation method,

The perforation device,

The drill bit is disposed in a direction parallel to the extending direction and further comprises a gap bit configured integrally with the connection part,

The gap bit may communicate a hole drilled by the drilling bit and a hole into which a guide guide is inserted.

In the ground excavation method, the first free surface forming step,

A first drilling step of drilling the first drilling hole;

After inserting the guide guide of the drilling device into the first drilling hole using the drilling factory, a second drilling hole is drilled adjacent to the first drilling hole through the drilling bit including the cap bit. A second drilling step; And

The second perforation step may be repeated to include a continuous perforation step of forming a continuous free surface in the excavation area.

In the above ground excavation method,

The separation distance between the excavation bit and the guide guide may range from 10 mm to 30 mm.

The mechanical excavation in the excavation step of the ground excavation method,

A crushing hole puncturing step of puncturing each crushing block divided into blocks; And

By using a tapered breaker having a tip portion that maintains a constant outer diameter at the tip, and a tapered portion whose outer diameter is enlarged from the tip portion,

It may include a; crushing step of inserting the tapered breaker into the crushing hole and pressing each crushing block divided into blocks individually by pressing.

In the above ground excavation method,

The tapered portion of the taper breaker may be inclined to 15 ~ 23 °.

In the above ground excavation method,

The excavation area may be divided by 3 to 5 continuous free surfaces to form excavation blocks.

In the excavation step of the ground excavation method, the blasting excavation,

In the excavation step, the blasting excavation,

It can be performed by using a continuous free surface and adjusting the core or the foot part and dispersing and blasting the block by an enlarged hole.

In the above ground excavation method,

Excavation can be performed by combining mechanical excavation and blasting excavation using a continuous free surface at the right angled part and excavation boundary where excavation is difficult.

The present invention has an effect of improving the excavation efficiency with only one type of breaker equipment and minimal crushing holes during mechanical excavation after freely forming a continuous free surface over the entire excavation area.

In addition, the present invention has the effect of freely forming a continuous free surface over the entire excavation area, and thus can perform blasting excavation, thereby blocking vibrations generated during the blasting process, thereby minimizing surrounding civil complaints.

In addition, the present invention is to freely form a continuous free surface over the entire excavation area, and then by combining mechanical excavation and blasting excavation, it is possible to efficiently excavate a section requiring vacuum reduction, and it is also possible to easily excavate a right angled part that is difficult to construct. It has an effect.

1 is a perspective view showing a cloth mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view showing a second drilling step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view showing a tunnel after the continuous drilling step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a partially enlarged view of a drilling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view showing a perforated hole having a plurality of perforated holes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view showing a state after forming a free surface for excavating a machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view showing a tapered breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a view showing a state of crushing the ground using the tapered breaker of FIG. 7;
9 is a view showing a state after forming a free surface for blasting excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a view showing a state after forming a free surface in order to combine blasting excavation and mechanical excavation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the ground excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention relates to a method of excavating the ground by a combination of mechanical excavation, blast excavation, mechanical excavation, and blast excavation after freely forming a continuous free surface over the entire excavation area.

Specifically, using a fabric mill including an excavation bit capable of drilling the ground and a guiding guide extending in a direction parallel to the excavation bit and connected to the excavation bit by a connecting portion, around the excavation area requiring excavation in the ground A first free surface forming step of forming a continuous free surface, and a second free surface forming a plurality of continuous free surfaces inside a region in which excavation is required by using the above-described fabric mill to divide the excavation region into a plurality of block types step; And an excavation step of excavating the excavation area divided into the plurality of block forms by any one of mechanical excavation, blasting, or a combination of mechanical excavation and blasting.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fabric mill for forming a continuous free surface over the entire excavation region is formed by including the excavation bit 110, the connection part 130, and the guide guide 120.

The excavation bit 110 is formed in a rod shape extending in the longitudinal direction, and is capable of excavating the ground through protrusions provided at the end. An adapter 111 may be included in the excavation bit 110, and the end of the excavation bit 110 may be rotated through the adapter 111 to excavate the ground.

A rod 112 may be further included at a rear end of the digging bit 110, and the rod 112 is capable of connecting the digging bit 110 and general digging equipment. The perforation device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used by being connected to a conventional drilling equipment, and can be used universally by being connected to a general drilling equipment through the rod 112. (You can use the commonly used dot board reel, drifter, guide shell, etc.)

The guide guide 120 extends in a direction parallel to the excavation bit 110, and the guide guide 120 may be formed in a rod shape extending in a longitudinal direction. The guide guide 120 is coupled to be spaced apart from the excavation bit 110, and the guide guide 120 is coupled to be spaced apart from the excavation bit 110 through the connecting portion 130.

The guide guide 120 may be formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, and may be provided with an incision groove 121 extending along the longitudinal direction of the guide guide 120 and communicating with the outside.

The connection part 130 is to connect the guide guide 120 and the excavation bit 110. One side of the connecting portion 130 may be inserted into the guide guide 120 formed in a cylindrical shape, the connecting portion 130 may protrude to the outside through the incision groove 121, and the other side has an inside The excavation bit 110 may be inserted into an empty cylindrical shape. However, the shape of the connecting portion 130 is not limited thereto, and may be formed in various shapes as long as the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 can be combined while being spaced apart.

The perforation device 100 may further include a guide guide bracket 122. The guide guide bracket 122 is to mount and fix the guide guide 120 on the boom of the drilling rig, and it is possible to adjust the angle (hydraulic or manual) of the guide guide 120. Through the guide guide bracket 122, the guide guide 120 can be moved in any direction, such as horizontal, vertical, or inclined.

The second perforation step is performed after the first perforation step of forming the first perforation hole using a predetermined milling point, specifically, perforating the second perforation hole 141 using the perforation device 100. It is a step. Referring to FIG. 3 in more detail, the guide guide 120 of the drilling device 100 is inserted into the first drilling hole 140, and the second drilling hole 141 is inserted through the drilling bit 110. ).

At this time, a tunnel design section 171 may be provided at the curtain wall 170 as shown in FIG. 2, and the second drilling step may be perforated along the design section 171. (The first perforation hole 140 perforated in the first perforation step is also formed at one point of the design section 171.)

Conventional conventional drilling apparatus has difficulty in drilling according to the shape of the tunnel design section 171 because it is difficult to correct the drilling bit. However, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as the guide guide 120 is inserted into the first perforated hole 140 that is already perforated, the second perforated hole 141, the second perforated hole 141, is the drill bit 110 ), there is an advantage that it is easy to correct the position.

Specifically, when the guide guide 120 is fitted into the first perforation hole 140, the position of the excavation bit 110 is centered around the guide guide 120 inserted into the first perforation hole 140. The second drilling hole 141 can be formed through the drilling bit 110 calibrated as described above. The second drilling step is to drill the second drilling hole 141, which is the second drilling hole, using the first drilling hole 140 and the guide guide 120 of the drilling device 100.

Here, it is preferable that the guide guide 120 of the drilling device 100 protrudes and extends more than the excavation bit 110. 1 and 2, the guide guide 120 should protrude more than the excavation bit 110 (must first contact the anchor 170), the guide guide 120 is the first perforation hole 140 ) Can be inserted and fixed first, thereby correcting the position of the excavation bit 110.

The first free surface forming step and the second free surface forming step are steps of continuously drilling while repeating the same process as the second drilling step using the drilling device 100. Specifically, the continuous drilling step is a step of inserting the guide guide 120 of the drilling device 100 into an adjacent drilling hole, and continuously drilling the drilling hole 150 through the drilling bit 110.

Here, the adjacent perforated hole means a perforated hole that has already been perforated, and may be the first perforated hole 140 or the second perforated hole 141, or another perforated hole that has already been perforated. As the second drilling step is repeatedly performed, a continuous drilling hole 150 is formed, and a free surface 151 formed of the continuous drilling hole 150 is formed.

Referring to FIG. 3, the free surface 151 may be formed along the design cross-section 171 of the tunnel, and as described above, the position of the excavation bit 110 may be accurately determined through the guide guide 120. As the continuous drilling step is performed while calibrating, the free surface 151 almost identical to the design cross-section 171 can be formed. (The free surface 171 is formed by gathering a plurality of perforation holes 150 formed through the first perforation step, the second perforation step, and the continuous perforation step, as shown in FIG. 3)

As described above, since the free surface 151 made of a plurality of perforation holes 150 is formed through the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 spaced apart from the excavation bit 110, a plurality of The dog's perforation hole 150 may have a perforated hole shape with a gap, specifically, a perforated hole in a shape such as peanut. Here, the gap between adjacent perforation holes 150 may be a distance between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120.

As described above, when the plurality of drilling holes 150 having a peanut-like shape are formed by drilling with the drilling bit 110 and the guide guide 120, the drilling bits 110 are provided on the side surface of the connection part 130. A gap drill bit (131) protruding in a direction parallel to the direction in which is extended may be further included. At this time, the gap bit is configured to be formed integrally with the connecting portion.

Referring to FIG. 4, the gap bit 131 protrudes in a direction parallel to a direction in which the excavation bit 110 extends from the connection part 130, and helps when the excavation bit 110 is drilled. The Lord plays a role. Specifically, in the second perforation step (S200) and the continuous perforation step (S300), while the guide guide 120 is inserted into the perforation hole 150 (or the first perforation hole 140), the The drilling bit 110 is drilled. At this time, the connecting portion 130 connecting the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 must also enter while drilling the ground. At this time, to reduce the resistance of the connecting portion 130, one side of the connecting portion 130 The gap bit 131 provided to protrude is used.

That is, the spaced apart between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 may be drilled through the gap bit 131. That is, the gap bit performs a function of communicating portions between the first perforation hole 140 and the second perforation hole 150. Through this perforation, the plurality of perforation holes 150 can form a peanut shape. Here, referring to FIG. 5, a gap between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120, that is, a separation distance between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 may be 10 mm to 30 mm.

As described above, between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 is connected through the connecting portion 130, if the gap between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 is too far apart (If it is 30 mm or more), the connection 130 may become severely resistant, which may cause a difficulty in drilling. (Even if the gap bit 131 is provided, if the gap between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 becomes too far, the resistance of the connection part 130 may be increased.)

In addition, if the gap between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 is too narrow (10 mm or less), there is a problem in that work efficiency decreases as the number of drilling increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the gap (the separation distance) between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide 120 is 15 mm to 30 mm. (FIG. 6 shows the distance between the plurality of perforation holes 150 to 15mm to 30mm, which is the same as the gap between the excavation bit 110 and the guide guide.)

In FIG. 6, the excavation area is divided into a plurality of block shapes through a first free surface forming step and a second free surface forming step to show a shape. That is, the excavation area is divided into a plurality of excavation areas to constitute a plurality of excavation blocks 160. As three or more free surfaces are formed as described above, the binding force of the rock is reduced and excavation is easy even with a small pressure. That is, the first free surface S1 constituting the circumference of the excavation area and the second free surface S2 provided inside the excavation area are provided. Meanwhile, in FIG. 6, it is shown that a plurality of crushing holes 161 are formed in each of the excavation blocks 160 for mechanical excavation.

Specifically, in the excavation step, the machine excavation includes a crushing hole drilling step of drilling crushing holes in each excavation block divided into blocks; And a crushing step of inserting the tapered breaker into the crushing hole and pressing the tapered breaker to individually crush each excavation block divided into blocks.

At this time, the tapered breaker 200 for mechanical excavation maximizes the rock excavation efficiency, and as shown in FIG. 7, the tip portion 201 for easy insertion into the crushing hole 161 and the tip portion 201 It is configured to include a tapered portion 202 whose outer diameter is enlarged and a coupling portion 203 that can be coupled to a predetermined rock drilling mechanism.

7(a) shows a general type taper breaker, wherein the tip portion 201 has a constant outer diameter so that it can perform a guide function when inserted into the crushing hole 161.

In addition, the tapered portion 202 connected to the tip portion 201 has an inclined shape of about 15 to 23 degrees, so as to enter the inside of the crushing hole 161, the function of individually crushing the ground around the crushing hole 161 is provided. Perform. Specifically, the primary destruction is induced in the vicinity of the tip portion 201, and the secondary destruction is simultaneously induced according to the additional entry. As described above, the present invention is configured to simultaneously perform primary and secondary destruction by the tapered portion 202, thereby maximizing excavation efficiency.

7(b) is a general type taper breaker 210, and the tapered portion 212 has a gentle inclination angle as compared to FIG. 7(a), and is configured to gradually induce destruction.

Fig. 7 (c) is an acupressure type taper breaker 220, and Fig. 7 (d) is a coupler type taper breaker 230 provided with a coupler.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which the crushing hole 161 is destroyed by using the taper breaker 200 of FIG. 7A, while the tip portion 201 is pressed into the crushing hole 161 while pressing the taper breaker. When 200 is additionally inserted, the tapered portion 202 may be inserted into the crushing hole 161 to destroy the ground around the crushing hole 161.

As described above, in the ground excavation method according to the present invention, the crushing holes 161 are formed in the excavation blocks 160 divided into a plurality of segments by the continuous free surfaces S1 and S2, respectively, and the crushing holes ( By inserting the tapered breaker 200 in 161) has a feature that can be easily destroyed even with a small pressure of the excavation block 160, the binding force of the rock is weakened. In particular, the tapered breaker 200 is to maximize the tensile force acting on the rock, it is possible to further improve the drilling efficiency. On the other hand, if the strength of the surrounding ground is considered, it is also possible to perform excavation using a plurality of ordinary breakers.

9 shows a state in which the excavation area is divided into a plurality of excavation blocks 160 for blasting excavation. The present invention can be performed without a foot blast without providing a core part for blasting. That is, blasting excavation is possible through non-footed block dispersion blasting by an enlarged hole without a core portion. At this time, the continuous free surfaces (S1, S2) have the advantage of being able to effectively compensate for the vibration generated during blasting due to the multiple anti-vibration effect, thereby enabling excavation of un-vibrated blasting.

10 shows a state in which the excavation area is divided into a plurality of excavation blocks 160 in order to excavate by combining mechanical excavation and blasting excavation. In the present invention, after the continuous free surfaces (S1, S2) are formed up to the right corner, the excavation of the sections except the right corner is performed by mechanical excavation, and the right corner is subjected to blasting excavation in a state of three or more free surfaces to ensure excavation efficiency and constructability. Unlike the existing one, it has the advantage of maximizing the excavation efficiency.

The present invention according to the above configuration can freely configure the continuous free surfaces (S1, S2) to meet the site conditions throughout the excavation area, and can secure 3 to 5 free surfaces, thus minimizing the block in the machine excavation. The crushing hole 161 alone can improve the excavation efficiency and minimize the number of puncture holes, thereby reducing the cost of drilling and shortening the air.

In addition, the right angled part, which is impossible to construct a vibration-free rock crushing excavation, forms a continuous free surface to effectively excavate block by block, thereby improving the workability through diversification of applicability in the field.

On the other hand, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to perform ground excavation by adjusting the core and dispersing and blasting the block by an enlarged hole.

According to the present invention, since the continuous free surface is formed in multiple sections in a region where vibration reduction is required, vibration generated in the heart and enlarged portions can be blocked, thereby solving complaints caused by vibration and easily securing the safety of major structures during close construction. It has an effect.

The present invention has been described with reference to various embodiments, but it is not limited thereto, and anything that can be reasonably interpreted from the scope of the present invention belongs to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

An excavation bit capable of drilling the ground, a guide guide extending in a direction parallel to the excavation bit and connected to the excavation bit by a connection portion, and a guide guide bracket provided at one end of the guide guide and capable of adjusting the angle of the guide guide A first free surface forming step of forming a continuous free surface around the excavation area requiring excavation from the ground using a cloth factory value including;
Forming a second free surface by dividing the excavation area into a plurality of block shapes by forming a plurality of free surfaces inside the excavation area requiring excavation using the fabric mill; And
Includes; an excavation step of excavating each of the excavation block by dividing the excavation area into a plurality of block types by a mechanical excavation method;
The guide guide has a cylindrical shape with the other end inserted into the perforated hole, but an incision is provided on one side.
The mechanical excavation in the excavation step,
A crushing hole puncturing step of puncturing each crushing block divided into blocks; And
Maintaining the same outer diameter at the tip, using a tapered breaker having a tip portion for guiding the inserted position and a tapered portion whose outer diameter is enlarged from the tip portion, inserting the tapered breaker into the crushing hole and pressing it to be divided into block shapes A crushing step of crushing each of the excavated blocks individually; a ground excavation method of excavating the ground using a continuous free surface for vibration reduction, comprising a. According to claim 1,
The perforation device,
The drill bit is disposed in a direction parallel to the extending direction and further includes a gap drill bit integrally formed with the connection part.
The gap bit is a ground excavation method of excavating the ground using a continuous free surface for reducing vibration, characterized in that a portion between the hole drilled by the excavation bit and the hole in which the guide guide is inserted communicates with each other. According to claim 2,
The first free surface forming step or the second free surface forming step,
A first drilling step of drilling the first drilling hole;
After inserting the guide guide of the puncture device into the first puncture hole by using the puncture factory, a second puncture hole is drilled adjacent to the first puncture hole through the excavation bit including the gap bit. A second drilling step; And
A ground excavation method of excavating the ground using a continuous free surface for reducing vibration, characterized in that it comprises a continuous perforation step of repeatedly performing a second drilling step to form a continuous free surface in the excavation area. According to claim 1,
A ground excavation method of excavating the ground using a continuous free surface for reducing vibration, characterized in that the distance between the excavation bit and the guide guide has a range of 10 mm to 30 mm. delete According to claim 1,
In the taper breaker, the ground excavation method for excavating the ground using a continuous free surface for vibration reduction, characterized in that the tapered portion is inclined to 15 ~ 23 °. According to claim 1,
The excavation area is divided by 3 to 5 continuous free surfaces to form an excavation block, so that a ground excavation method is used to excavate the ground using a continuous free surface to reduce vibration. delete According to claim 1,
A ground excavation method of excavating the ground using a continuous free surface to reduce vibration, characterized in that excavation is performed by combining mechanical excavation and blasting excavation using a continuous free surface at the right angled portion and excavation boundary that are difficult to excavate.

Images