KR101982539B1 - 나트륨 이차전지 - Google Patents
나트륨 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101982539B1 KR101982539B1 KR1020170181143A KR20170181143A KR101982539B1 KR 101982539 B1 KR101982539 B1 KR 101982539B1 KR 1020170181143 A KR1020170181143 A KR 1020170181143A KR 20170181143 A KR20170181143 A KR 20170181143A KR 101982539 B1 KR101982539 B1 KR 101982539B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- nickel
- nickel hydroxide
- sodium secondary
- sodium
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- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 175
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 111
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical group COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 fluoroalkyl sodium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 16
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002056 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000192 extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002253 near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910018553 Ni—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTOOSYPCCZOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].[OH-].[Co].[Ni++] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co].[Ni++] XTOOSYPCCZOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni] XIKYYQJBTPYKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910014103 Na-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003249 Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014142 Na—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014147 Na—S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003948 formamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyburide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2CCCCC2)C=C1 ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910006279 γ-NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 특성을 분석한 결과이다.
도 3a는 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 표면을 나타내는 주사전자현미경(SEM) 이미지이다.
도 3b는 α-Ni(OH)2에 대한 X-선 회절 패턴(XRD)을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 3c는 460cm-1 및 530cm-1에서의 Ni(OH)2의 피크를 나타내는 라만 스펙트럼 그래프이다.
도 3d는 니켈 수산화물; Ni2p 스펙트라의 XPS 스펙트럼을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 3e는 5mV/s의 스캔 속도로 측정된 α-Ni(OH)2/C, NiAl-LDH/C 및 니켈 수산화물의 순환전압주사법(Cyclic voltammetry: CV) 곡선을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 3f는 2A/g 내지 30A/g 속도로 측정된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 사이클 안정성을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 3g는 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 전기화학 임피던스(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: EIS) 분석을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4a는 0.1M NaOH를 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지의 순환전압주사법(CV) 곡선(0.2mV/s의 스캔 속도)을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4b는 1M NaOH를 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지의 순환전압주사법(CV) 곡선(스캔 속도 0.2mV/s)을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4c는 0.1M NaOH를 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지를 1000mA/g 속도에서 측정한 정전류 충방전법(Galvanostatic charge-discharge: CD)을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4d는 1M NaOH를 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지를 1000mA/g 속도에서 측정한 정전류 충방전법(CD)을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4e는 0.1M NaOH 또는 1M NaOH 전해질을 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지의 사이클 안정성을 비교한 그래프는 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 4f는 벌크 및 전하 이동 저항을 보여주는 나트륨 이차전지의 전기화학 임피던스(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy: EIS) 분석을 비교한 그래프이다.
도 5는 나트륨 이차전지의 전기화학적 변화를 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 5a는 1M KOH의 전해질을 포함하는 나트륨 이차전지의 방전 용량비를 1000mAh/g의 전류 속도로 측정한 그래프이다.
도 5b는 종래의 수성 이차전지 시스템과 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 나트륨 이차전지의 용량과 전압을 비교한 그래프이다.
도 6은 나트륨 이차전지의 충방전 반응을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 6a는 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 상태에 따른 나트륨 이차전지의 충방전 곡선을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 6b는 초기(pristine)의 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극, 충전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극 및 방전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 화학 결합의 비교를 위한 라만 스펙트럼을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7은 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극의 X-선 흡수 분광학(X-ray absorption spectroscopy) 특성을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7a는 초기의 니켈 K-edge XANES, 충방전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극 및 니켈 레퍼런스에 대한 X-선 흡수 분광학을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7b는 EXAFS 스펙트럼, 충방전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극 및 니켈 레퍼런스에 대한 X-선 흡수 분광학을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7c는 초기의 코발트 K-edge XANES, 충방전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극 및 코발트 레퍼런스에 대한 X-선 흡수 분광학을 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7d는 초기의 EXAFS 스펙트럼, 충방전된 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극 및 코발트 레퍼런스에 대한 X-선 흡수 분광학을 나타내는 그래프이다.
120: 나트륨 금속을 함유하는 음극
132: 고체 알칼리이온 전해질
131: 비수성 전해질
133: 수성 전해질
140: 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극
142: 탄소섬유
144: 니켈 수산화물
Claims (8)
- 비수성 전해질 및 상기 비수성 전해질에 함침되며, 나트륨을 함유하는 음극;
수성 전해질 및 상기 수성 전해질에 함침되며, 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극; 및
상기 음극과 양극 사이에 위치하는 고체 전해질;을 포함하고,
상기 니켈 수산화물을 함유하는 양극은,
탄소섬유 및 상기 탄소섬유의 표면에 형성된 니켈, 코발트 및 알루미늄으로 이루어진 이중층수산화물을 포함하는,
나트륨 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 비수성 전해질은 테트라에틸렌 글리콜 디메틸 에테르(TEGDME)인,
나트륨 이차전지. - 제2항에 있어서,
상기 TEGDME는 나트륨 트리플루오로 메탄설포네이트(NaCF3SO3)를 포함하는,
나트륨 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 나트륨을 함유하는 음극은,
니켈-메쉬(Ni-mesh)에 부착된 나트륨 금속을 포함하는,
나트륨 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 수성 전해질은 NaOH 수용액인,
나트륨 이차전지. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈 수산화물은,
상기 니켈의 양이 기준량 1일 때, 코발트 및 알루미늄을 0.1 내지 0.2의 몰비로 포함하는,
나트륨 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 고체 전해질은,
고체 알칼리이온 전해질인 나시콘(NASICON)을 포함하는,
나트륨 이차전지.
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