KR101859947B1 - System and method for constructing database about safety diagnostic of dangerous reservoir using unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for constructing a database for precise safety diagnostic evaluation of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a method thereof. The system includes: a UAV for photographing a disaster risk reservoir while flying over the reservoir; a database for storing data related to precise safety diagnostic evaluation of the disaster risk reservoir; and a server for receiving a plurality of images of the disaster risk reservoir photographed by the UAV, creating a three-dimensional terrain model, creating a digital terrain map using the three-dimensional terrain model, manufacturing a digital elevation model (DEM) using the digital terrain map, acquiring information for precise safety diagnostic evaluation of the disaster risk reservoir from the digital terrain map and the DEM, and updating the database by reflecting the acquired information for the precise safety diagnostic evaluation. According to the present invention, there is an effect of quickly and accurately grasping a situation around a reservoir and an embankment state thereof by a user managing the reservoir using a UAV system which can easily acquire precise status data of a disaster risk reservoir.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a system and method for constructing a database for precise safety diagnosis of a hazardous reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle,

The present invention relates to a system and method for constructing a database for accurate safety diagnosis of a disaster risk reservoir, and more particularly, to a system and method for constructing a disaster risk reservoir database using an unmanned airplane.

A reservoir is a nail or a lake made for the purpose of reserving, adjusting and controlling water in a valley or a part of a plain part of a mountainside for the purpose of supplying agricultural water to farmland.

Multifunctional and environmental functions have been gradually added to reservoirs to provide flood control function for abnormal climate by multipurpose supply of water resources such as river retention water and rural living water, production of new and renewable energy through small hydro power generation and hydrophilic space function for healthy rural area function And the like.

Most agricultural reservoirs contain water through the embankment, which is small in size and scattered all over the country. Yeosu Tora discharges the flood during the rainfall through the concrete structure, Agricultural water is supplied to farmland through abdominal pain (clearance) through a reservoir or through a water intake tunnel.

29 is a general flowchart of the precision safety diagnosis.

Referring to FIG. 29, in order to perform safety management of critical facilities, which are completed and completed, the inspection and examination of the facilities are conducted to review and analyze the defect items, and two evaluation systems , Which is the most advanced form of safety management, is an evaluation method that evaluates the overall grade of the present state of the facility through facilities and facilities and suggests the maintenance and rehabilitation method for the problematic facilities and facilities.

Types of reservoir safety management include regular inspection, precision inspection, and precision safety diagnosis.

Regular inspections are a level of visual inspection that is performed by a facility manager in order to detect damage or defects of the facility early and to determine the functional status of the facility.

Precise inspection is an inspection that the diagnostic institute accurately judges the present state of facilities through precise visual inspection and simple measuring instruments rather than regular inspection and confirms the state change recorded before and meets the use requirements of facilities .

The precise safety diagnosis is to examine and analyze the structural safety and causes of defects in order to find out the physical and functional defects of facilities using accurate visual inspection and test / measurement equipment and to take prompt and appropriate measures for them. , And how to repair and reinforce it.

Precise safety diagnosis for agricultural reservoirs can be used to quickly and accurately assess and evaluate the risk factors, facilities function and performance deterioration and condition inherent in facilities, to take appropriate safety measures to prevent disasters and disasters, It is aimed to improve the utility of the facilities by complementing and preserving and to systematize scientific maintenance.

The number of agricultural reservoirs in Korea is 17,427 as of 2013, and about 70% of old reservoirs are over 50 years old after completion (Statistical Yearbook of Agricultural Production Infrastructure Maintenance Project, 2013). In addition, the number of agricultural reservoirs is large, but there is a fundamental problem that management is neglected because manpower to manage it is small and accessibility is low because there are many small reservoirs located in the mountains.

In order to manage infrastructure such as old reservoirs, the government invests a budget to diagnose the safety of main facilities every year, and carries out maintenance and reinforcement for facilities where the function is lowered below the standard value or the safety is deteriorated.

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for safety in the context of social issues due to the destruction of agricultural reservoirs, and the reliability of the diagnostic evaluation system for judging the destruction before the occurrence of problems has decreased. It can be said that it is necessary.

To this end, Korea is conducting precision safety diagnosis for agricultural reservoirs in a period of 4 ~ 6 years. Based on past data, it is based on evaluation of the condition of facilities through planned field survey, .

Therefore, the safety assessment of agricultural reservoirs is most important in field surveys and reliability is ensured according to the accuracy of site surveys.

The site survey consists of field survey, structure material survey, geological survey, infiltration water survey, and soil survey on the basis of general survey, topographic survey, watershed status survey mainly based on extensive survey.

The reservoir is an artificial nail or lake made for the purpose of reserving, adjusting and controlling the water in the valley or a part of the plain of the mountain for the purpose of supplying the agricultural water to the agricultural land. Most of the agricultural reservoir is composed mostly of the soil It is small in size and scattered throughout the country.

As described above, the reservoir is an artificial structure in which water is confined and used as water. Unlike a dam, the inflow portion of the reservoir is located in the upstream portion of the reservoir, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the path of the water flowing from a specific point. In addition, due to the frequent occurrence of heavy rain due to the unfavorable global climate, the phenomenon exceeding the planned low capacity is frequent and there is a risk of the reservoir such as the overflow of the water and the destruction of the body.

In the case of precision safety diagnosis, there is a demand for water level analysis and precise survey data on the lower and upper part of the reservoir, but the reservoir safety check is actually conducted through basic field survey.

The topographic survey of the reservoir for the precise safety diagnosis of the reservoir is centered mainly on the level measurement such as level measurement to measure the height of the reservoir and center line survey to the reservoir downstream. Also, in case of surveying watershed condition around the reservoir, 1 / 25,000 and 1 / 50,000 are used for determining watershed area, which is a watershed characteristic factor, but it is not accurate enough to apply to small reservoirs, It is hard to see it as a reliable evaluation material.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) means an aircraft which is not occupied by a person. In the aviation law of Korea, the term "unmanned aerial vehicle" Of unmanned aerial crafts or unmanned aerial crafts that are less than 180 kilograms and less than 20 meters in length, excluding weight of fuel, in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles.

Unmanned aerial vehicles are relatively inexpensive and easy to operate, so they have been widely used for military purposes mainly for reconnaissance and targeting in the past. Recently, they have been used extensively in fields of agriculture, fishery, meteorological observation, have. In spite of this widespread use, in the field of surveying, it was relatively limited to detect change of the topography or to grasp the status. However, in recent years, there have been increasing attempts to improve the performance of a digital camera and to utilize a navigation device such as a GPS / IMU for lightweighting and improving the precision and the like, for making a map using an unmanned aerial vehicle and for monitoring the land. Terrain monitoring using such unmanned aerial vehicles is relatively inexpensive to operate and has the advantage that data can be obtained quickly and accurately.

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System (UAVS) is capable of observing certain local information that can not be obtained by existing satellites and aerial images in a short period of time, and can periodically observe the same place repeatedly. It has advantages.

In addition, the unmanned airplane has the feature of acquiring the spatial information difficult to obtain from the ground survey and the image of the difficult access area such as the disaster area immediately after the occurrence of the disaster, and the disaster situation can be grasped with low cost.

Most of the reservoirs in Korea are valley type reservoirs located in the valleys, and there are very few survey data as well as satellite and aerial image data.

Recently, the flood risk and the collapse of the embankment are analyzed and simulated by analyzing the water balance for the flood risk in the disaster hazard reservoir. However, based on the digital topographical map of 1: 25,000 and 1: 50,000 scale, Is being implemented.

The reservoir is an artificial structure that stores the water flowing upstream from the reservoir and supplies it to the agricultural water, etc. Most of all, it is necessary to accurately grasp the situation around the reservoir, and the safety diagnosis of the reservoir should be done.

Conventional aerial photogrammetry has the advantage of shooting a large area, but it is not suitable for use in small areas such as agricultural reservoirs, and because it costs too much, the current watershed and topographical data of the present reservoir are low resolution data It is not suitable as data for utilization in the evaluation of precision safety diagnosis.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0140247

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for acquiring information necessary for precise safety diagnosis of a disaster risk reservoir by using an unmanned airplane and building a database.

The objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

In order to achieve the above object, the system for constructing a disaster risk reservoir database of the present invention includes data on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for taking a picture of a disaster danger reservoir, And a plurality of disaster risk reservoir images taken by the unmanned airplane are generated to generate a 3D terrain model, a digital topographic map is created using the 3D terrain model, and a Digital Elevation And a server for acquiring information from the digital topographical map and the DEM for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation for a disaster hazard reservoir and updating the database by reflecting the obtained information for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation .

The server analyzes the water balance of the reservoir using the DEM to acquire information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation. The server analyzes the water balance of the reservoir through the reservoir to simulate the behavior of the facility by the inflow amount, the outflow amount, Simulated operational analysis can be performed to determine the effective reservoir capacity of the reservoir.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital topographic map can be produced with a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.

In acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, the server can acquire information on the items including the slope coverage state, the vegetation, the absence of the body fluid, and the presence or absence of facilities including the ferry have.

In a method for constructing a disaster risk reservoir database in a disaster risk reservoir database construction system for precise safety diagnosis evaluation using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for photographing a disaster danger reservoir in the sky of the present invention, Generating a 3D terrain model by receiving a plurality of disaster hazard reservoir images taken from an aircraft, creating a digital topographical map using the 3D terrain model, fabricating a DEM using the digital topographical map, And acquiring information for a precise safety diagnosis evaluation from the DEM to the disaster risk reservoir and updating the database reflecting information for the obtained precise safety diagnosis.

In the step of acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, the water balance analysis of the reservoir is performed using the DEM, and a simulation of the reservoir simulating the behavior of the facility based on the inflow, outflow, The analysis can then be performed, thereby determining the effective reservoir volume of the reservoir.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital topographic map can be produced with a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.

In the step of acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, information on the items including the slope coverage state, vegetation, loss of the body fluid, presence or absence of facilities including the ferry can be obtained for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation.

According to the present invention, the user who manages the reservoir can quickly and accurately grasp the state and the state of the reservoir by using the unmanned aerial system which is easy to acquire accurate status data of the disaster risk reservoir.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to precisely and repeatedly acquire the portion of the disaster hazard reservoir that was relied upon prior visual inspection in the evaluation of the precise safety diagnosis using the unmanned airplane, It is expected to be useful in establishing countermeasures.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a database building system for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for building a database for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a database construction method of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating an airplane planning and ground reference point arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an image and GCP matching screen of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an exemplary diagram illustrating orthoimages and DSM generation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a chart depicting the sari reservoir aerial planning and acquisition data in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sari reservoir aerial plan screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a view showing points where the reference points on the surface of the sari reservoir are acquired according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a chart showing observation results of a reference point on the surface of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a view showing a sari reservoir orthoimage image and a DSM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a sensory model of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is specification information of a sari reservoir using a virtual surveying system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is cross-sectional information of a sari reservoirs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
15 is a 3D model and specification information of a sari reservoir fleet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is a 1: 5000 digital topographic map according to one embodiment of the present invention.
17 is a chart showing the contour line spacing of a digital topographic map according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a chart showing the by-laws of the digital map creation work according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 19 is a chart showing a positional error of a numerical topographic map of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
20 is a digital topographic map of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
21 is an example of an Arc GIS execution screen.
22 is a diagram comparing digital topographic maps according to whether or not the TIN is used.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a TIN generated by using a high point and a contour line. FIG.
24 is a view illustrating a DEM of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
25 is a view showing a 1: 5000 DEM.
FIG. 26 is a view illustrating a DEM in which a sari reservoir water system is divided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
27 is a chart showing the applicability of the UAV according to the disaster type.
28 is a diagram showing items for evaluation of reservoir stability.
29 is a general flowchart of the precision safety diagnosis.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

The terminology used in this application is used only to describe a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "comprises" or "having" and the like are used to specify that there is a feature, a number, a step, an operation, an element, a component or a combination thereof described in the specification, But do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the related art and are to be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless expressly defined in the present application Do not.

In the following description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals regardless of the reference numerals, and redundant explanations thereof will be omitted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a database building system for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 1, a disaster risk reservoir database building system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) 10, a server 110, and a database (DB)

The unmanned airplane (10) travels over the sky and shoots the reservoir (20). The types of the unmanned air vehicle 10 include a fixed wing unmanned airplane and a rotary wing unmanned airplane. In the present invention, a fixed wing unmanned airplane or a rotary wing unmanned airplane can be used to capture a reservoir.

The database 120 stores information about reservoirs.

The server 110 receives a plurality of reservoir images photographed by the UAV 10 to generate a 3D terrain model. Then, a digital topographic map is created using the 3D terrain model. Then, a digital elevation model (DEM) is produced using the digital topographic map. Then, information for precise safety diagnosis evaluation of the disaster risk reservoir is obtained from the digital topographic map, the reservoir water system model, the DEM, and the like, and the database 120 is updated in accordance with the obtained information. In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital topographic map can be produced at a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.

The server 110 analyzes the water balance of the reservoir by using the DEM to acquire information for the evaluation of the precision safety diagnosis. The server 110 analyzes the water balance of the reservoir by using the DEM, The simulated operational analysis can be performed to obtain information in such a way as to determine the effective storage capacity of the reservoir.

In acquiring information for the evaluation of precision safety diagnosis, the server 110 obtains information on items including the slope coverage state of the disaster risk reservoir for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation, the vegetation loss, the loss of the facility, and the presence or absence of facilities including the ferry Can be obtained.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for building a database for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, a method for constructing a database for accurate safety diagnosis of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

First, a 3D terrain model is generated using the unmanned airplane 10 with respect to the selected disaster risk reservoir (S210).

Then, a digital topographic map is produced based on the 3D terrain model (S220).

Then, a digital elevation model (DEM) is produced using the digital topographic map (S230). In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital topographic map can be produced at a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.

Next, information for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation of the reservoir is obtained from the digital topographic map and the DEM (S240).

Then, the database 120 is updated by reflecting the acquired information (S250).

In the step S240 of acquiring information for the accurate safety diagnosis evaluation, the water balance analysis of the reservoir is performed using the DEM, and a simulation of the reservoir simulating the behavior of the facility due to the inflow amount, the outflow amount, and the loss amount of the reservoir is performed Operational analysis can be performed to determine the effective reservoir capacity of the reservoir.

In the step S240 of acquiring the information for the evaluation of the precision safety diagnosis, the items including the slope coverage state of the disaster risk reservoir for accurate safety diagnosis evaluation, the vegetation loss status, the presence of facilities including the ferry, Information can be obtained.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System (UAVS) has been widely used in the field of domestic and foreign spatial information.

The UAV equipment used in one embodiment of the present invention is eBee of Swiss senseFly company called Drone.

eBee can take a region of 10km ² with one aerial, it is possible to air for up to 50 minutes. It is equipped with a 16 megapixel camera, capable of capturing aerial photographs at resolutions up to 3 cm / pixel, and capable of producing self-elevation and elevation models with a precision of 5 cm. The eBee has its own defense against aviation safety and is designed to withstand winds up to 12 m / s, but if it winds more than 12 m / s or runs out of battery, it will recognize and return to the landing point. And, with Postflight Terra 3D software, you can produce results with relative accuracy to the digital elevation model and point clouds up to 5 cm, and precision can be increased by seamline editing and brightness adjustment.

The UAVS data processing software used in one embodiment of the present invention is eMotion2 for photographic planning and control and Terra3D for photogrammetry and orthophotos production.

eMotion2 is a software that enables you to simulate, monitor and control from planning for aerial photography. When you select the area to be surveyed on the monitor linked with Google Map and set the resolution and image overlap ratio, The shooting time, and the total shooting length are automatically calculated. UAV can be influenced by the wind as a lightweight product, so it is possible to re-establish the intensity of the wind and the corresponding shooting course as a simulation.

Terra3D is a photogrammetric software that processes images of 2D maps and 3D models through simple setup and can work on everything from image processing to quality inspection, ortho image production and DSM (Digital Surface Model) production .

3 is a flowchart illustrating a database construction method of a disaster risk reservoir using an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the acquisition and processing flow of the disaster risk reservoir data utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicle system is largely divided into the air plan (S301), the ground reference point GPS survey (S303), the unmanned aerial image data collection (S305) , Photo joining and ground reference point insertion (S307), orthoimage and DSM generation (S309), and reservoir 3D stereoscopic model generation (S311).

First, the ground control point (GCP) acquisition point and the obstacles around the reservoir, the surrounding terrain, and the landing and landing point are acquired for the aerial photographing and UAV aerial photographing before the airplan planning and field shooting.

In order to ensure safe and accurate aerial photographing, we will conduct surveys and surveys of the shooting area before the UAV shooting to identify the locations of the airports and airports, It is important to create a rough layout diagram for the entire section and to design the aeronautical program by pre-program. In the present invention, an airplan is established considering the degree of overlapping of photographs and the number of copies, air courses, intervals, altitudes, and take-off points, etc. based on the area of the photographing target area. A plan should be established that takes into account the appropriate location.

4 is a diagram illustrating an airplane planning and ground reference point arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In order to produce a high-precision 3D model using UAV, a GCP measurement should be performed and applied to GPS / IMU processing results to ensure accuracy. The reference point placement intervals are determined by taking into account the accuracy of each map scale, but the GPS / IMU integrated calculation results are determined so as to secure sufficient position and accuracy of attitude measurement. It is suitable to use as a confinement point for photogrammetric using stereoscopic image data when occupying a ground reference point for UAV photographing, and it should be able to clearly locate the image. The prefilter should not have any positional changes in the external environment.

When shooting on-site using UAV, operate the UAV along the designed planned route, but collect data on all planned routes. In particular, GPS / IMU data and aerial image data should be continuously collected, and data should be synchronized visually. Prepare ground control system suitable for UAV model in advance for shooting.

The shutter speed of the camera during UAV shooting should be set to a sufficiently fast value, but not more than 3 ms (millisecond), so that sharpness deterioration due to unmanned aerial vehicle speed will not occur.

Then, when all the airline of the set course is completed, the automatic landing is made to the place where the takeoff took place and the shooting operation is completed. In order to collect the unmanned aerial data, the operator collects the camera. Here, collecting unmanned aerial data refers to the operation of collecting the GPS / IMU data and the digital camera image by the time synchronization method by operating the UAV. Therefore, the unmanned aerial vehicle GPS / IMU data is downloaded by linking the aircraft and the computer, and the digital image data collected by the digital camera are also downloaded together. Once the image data for image processing is downloaded to the computer, the unmanned aerial aviation data collection process is completed.

Photo joining and ground reference point insertion are generally referred to as UAV image matching, which is an operation to reproduce the image of the ground by geometric methods, and to convert image coordinates to ground coordinates. The ground reference point is obtained by three - dimensional coordinates through on - site survey, and all coordinates of the image are replaced with ground coordinates based on the results of the ground reference point and the external facial expression obtained through GPS of UAV. 5 is an image and GCP matching screen of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

To create orthoimage and DSM using Postfight Terra 3D, we execute DSM and Orthomosaic Generation using initial processed image and Point cloud Densification. In this case, the DSM generates a Grid Date in the form of text according to the GeoTiff formatted Raster Date and the input grid interval, and selects the type of the average, weighted average, median, and multi- . The initially extracted orthoimages show different color and contrast differences for each cut unit. Especially, since the image boundary is apparent along the SeamLine, it is necessary to correct the image. 6 is an exemplary diagram illustrating orthoimages and DSM generation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Finally, the 3D image of the reservoir is generated from the orthophotographic image and DSM data acquired through image processing, and information for upgrading the database of the disaster risk reservoir such as the reservoir control specification, the status of the downstream site, and the digital map is generated can do.

A 3D terrain model generation process of a disaster risk reservoir for a sari reservoir will be described in an embodiment of the present invention.

The Sari Reservoir was constructed in 1945 as a Sari Reservoir in Yeongcheon City, Gyeongbuk Province. The Sari Reservoir was built in 1945 and is located on the downstream side of the river. House, etc. are located. The specimen is a john type fill dam with impermeable zone at the center of the dam. The dam height is 10.0m and the dam extension is 156.0m. The total storage capacity is 256,600m. The slope of the slope is 1: 2.5 on the upstream side and 1: 2.0 on the downstream side.

For pre - flight safety and smooth shooting, we set flight altitude and flight route through preliminary exploration. The Sari Reservoir is 105m in flight height due to the mountainous terrain of the unmanned aerial photographs. The shooting range is about 300m × 700m and the shooting range is 0.21km. .

A total of 225 photographs and LOG data, which are flight motion data, are also obtained from the photographs obtained through the photographing. The data and flight plan screen obtained through flight planning and photographing are as follows. FIG. 7 is a chart showing a sari reservoir airplane planning and acquisition data according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a sari reservoir airplane planning screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A total of 9 ground reference point coordinates were obtained through GPS surveying in order to generate precision orthophoto images and DSM, using 8 major signs and 1 road sign. The positions and coordinates of 11 points are as follows. FIG. 9 is a view showing a point at which a reference point on the surface of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention is obtained, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a result of observation of a reference point on a surface of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a sari reservoir orthoimage image and a DSM according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 11, orthophoto images (a) and DSM (b) were produced through a series of operations on the sari reservoir with low-altitude high-resolution image data obtained after the completion of the flight.

12 is a sensory model of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 12, a sensory cued stereoscopic model is generated through image processing.

FIG. 13 is specification information of a sari reservoir using a virtual surveying system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is cross-sectional information of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 13, cross-sectional information as shown in FIG. 14 can be obtained by comparing the analysis result of the precision safety diagnosis report with the survey information using the virtual measurement program, and utilizing the sensory cadence model generated.

The generated 3D realistic cadastral model and digital topographic map were surveyed on the real object by using the virtual survey program and the information of the specimen and the slope of the section were extracted and the result of the survey of the reservoir using the virtual surveying system. The height of the body, and the width of the dam floor. In the case of height, it is indicated as 9.0m in the Precision Safety Diagnosis Report, but the survey result shows the height of 8.12m ~ 7.01m. The width of dam floor is 3.5m, but it is measured as 3.12m ~ 3.28m. The measurement results are shown in the chart of Fig.

Sectional information of the body was generated along the lines 1 and 2 shown in the measurement photograph of FIG. The cross-sectional information generation location was selected near the GCP point with the smallest error in the 3D sensory cadastral model generation process. Cross-sectional information was generated by selecting the part where the surface of the object identified by the slope gradient had no bending or cross- . As shown in Fig. 14, the coordinates of the cross section were extracted at intervals of 1 m along the surface of the article.

In the case of Sari Reservoir, it is not possible to cover the ferry with trees or bushes, so it is possible to see the parameters of the ferry through the shooting of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the maintenance status of the ferry can be grasped. The 3D model data of this reservoir is shown in the following figure. 15 is a 3D model and specification information of a sari reservoir fleet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

At present, the numerical map of Korea is produced by conventional aerial photogrammetry, and aerial photogrammetry is the most economical way to produce a map for a large area. However, it is inefficient in terms of economics in small-scale areas where it is difficult to perform timely surveying due to weather or the like and the surveying area is narrow. However, since the creation of the digital map using the unmanned aerial photograph is taken at a low altitude under the cloud, it is possible to work in the cloudy weather, and it is possible to easily obtain a high-resolution image at a low cost. Using this high-resolution image, digital topographic maps of disaster risk reservoirs can be used as basic data for various studies.

A digital topographic map is a digital geographic information map that uses a contour line on a computer to represent natural topographic features such as undulation, shape, and arrangement of water on a computer in schematic and three-dimensional coordinates. At present, Korea provides digital map free of charge through the national land information platform and national spatial information circulation operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. As of 2016, digital topographic maps are available in 1: 1,000, 1: 5,000, 1: 25,000, 1: 50,000 and 1: 250,000 as .AutoCAD (.DXF) and ArcGIS (.SHP) The highly accurate 1: 1000 digital map is produced and distributed only in some areas including the metropolitan area.

Figure 16 is a 1: 5000 digital topographic map of a 1: 5000 purchased in an AutoCAD file on a national information platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

17 is a chart showing the contour line spacing of a digital topographic map according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The interval between the scale and contour plays an important role in the precision of the DEM generation using the digital topographic map. As shown in Fig. 17, the minimum interval of the contour lines of the 1: 5000 digital topographic map currently provided nationwide is 1.25 m.

In this study, a digital topographic map was constructed based on a 3D realistic cadastral model made using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The minimum distance between the contour lines of the constructed digital topographic map is 0.5 m, and it can represent the topographic information about 2.5 times more than the digital topographic map of 1: 5,000 which is provided free of charge.

FIG. 18 is a chart showing the numerical mapping operation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 19 is a chart showing a positional error of a numerical topographic map of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The numerical map of the Geographical Information Service is as shown in the chart of FIG. 18, and the digital topographical map of the Sari Reservoir made by using the unmanned airplane is as shown in FIG. 19, and a product satisfying the tolerance can be produced sufficiently.

20 is a digital topographic map of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the present invention, a precision DEM is manufactured using a digital topographic map.

Recently, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the basis for terrain analysis. It is used for construction, maintenance and repair of dams, roads, railways, etc. in various large-scale civil engineering works other than communication, environmental tourism, It is used in various fields such as basic data. However, the use of small areas is limited due to the limit of accurate data acquisition. Therefore, in order to utilize basic data on efficient disaster risk reservoir management plan, the present invention makes and applies precision DEM for small reservoir.

The numerical elevation model (DEM) is a simple representation of the elevation of the terrain in numerical form. It is a continuous representation of changes in topographic relief in space through a regular lattice matrix. It is the height of only the topography except for vegetation and artifacts, and the DEM height value of river and lake represents the water surface.

First, DEM generation using Arc GIS is as follows.

21 is an example of an Arc GIS execution screen.

Arc GIS is the most widely used geographic information analysis software and has various spatial analysis and expression functions and is currently used in various fields such as urban planning, civil engineering, architecture, landscaping, and other engineering fields. Arc GIS is able to visualize and analyze various geographical spatial topographies such as superposition, statistical analysis, data transformation, phase generation, and map projection in three dimensions using functions such as Shapefile, TIN, Raster and spatial data.

Next, a description will be made of the DEM production of the TIN generation method using the digital topographic map.

DEM data can be acquired using LiDAR data, high-resolution satellite imagery, and digital topographic map. Although the DEM acquisition method using LiDAR data and high resolution satellite images can acquire highly accurate data, it is difficult to implement a three-dimensional model for a wide area due to difficulty of data acquisition and high cost in acquisition process.

Accordingly, in the present invention, triangulated irregular networks (TINs) are generated using contour data included in a digital topographic map among various types of geographical information data, and a DEM is acquired using the generated triangulated irregular networks.

The irregular triangulation (TIN) is a method of extracting the points of the contour lines irregularly and expressing their positions in the form of a triangle, and it is possible to represent the complicated terrain more naturally by using a small amount of data. Therefore, it is more ideal to make a DEM through the TIN generation process than to extract the DEM directly from the contour line.

22 is a diagram comparing digital topographic maps according to whether or not the TIN is used.

In FIG. 22, (a) is a digital topographic map without passing through the TIN, and (b) is a digital topographic map through the TIN.

Referring to FIG. 22, when comparing the digital topographical map according to the use of TIN to the digital topographical map before the generation of the DEM, in the case of the digital topographical map obtained by directly extracting the DEM from the contour line without generating the TIN, In the case of the digital topographical map that has undergone the TIN generation process, distortion can occur, but the terrain can be expressed naturally without distorted terrain.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a TIN generated by using a high point and a contour line. FIG.

23, in order to generate a DEM by the TIN method, a resin topology CAD file (.dxf) is converted into a shape file (.shp), coordinates of contour lines and elevation points are extracted, and X, Y Using the coordinates, we generate a TIN to construct a set of triangles with three-dimensional coordinates. The digital topographic map used for DEM generation was generated by using topographic map of Sari Reservoir, one of 55 disaster risk reservoirs in Yeongcheon City, Gyeongbuk Province.

24 is a view illustrating a DEM of a sari reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In Fig. 24, the DEM lattice spacing is set to 0.5 m. During the process, distortion or topographic distortion of the terrain information is confirmed on the surface of the reservoir water as shown in (a) .

FIG. 25 is a view showing a 1: 5000 DEM, and FIG. 26 is a view showing a DEM in which a sari reservoir water system is divided according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Since DEM can predicting the yield by analyzing the slope of the terrain in the hydrologic analysis, it plays an important role in the stability analysis of the repair facility. The hydrologic analysis using DEM is affected by the accuracy (grid size). However, the DEM data mainly used in Korea currently uses DEM data of 1: 5000 as shown in Fig. 25 provided by the Geographic Information Geographical Survey Institute.

Such DEM data can provide reliable hydrological interpretation information for large-scale repair facilities or large watersheds, but may result in somewhat unreliable results for hydrological analysis of municipal management disaster risk reservoirs such as small-scale repair facilities.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 26, in the present invention, the precision digital topographic map collected using the UAV is generated through the TIN generation process, and the precision DEM is generated, and as a result of the Sari reservoir water analysis, Can be confirmed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the present invention can secure the reliability of hydrographic analysis of the small - scale agricultural reservoir of the municipality management.

27 is a chart showing the applicability of the UAV according to the disaster type.

Referring to FIG. 27, it can be seen that inundation of river flooding, structural loss and collapse, slope failure and collapse, falling rock, dropping of river and reservoir capacity, deterioration of storage capacity, flooding and sedimentation of agricultural land, flooding and erosion of coast, It can be seen that UAV can be applied. It can be seen that the UAV can be applied to the inflow of the lowland inundation and the soil to the farm.

28 is a diagram showing items for evaluation of reservoir stability.

28, the survey items for the current reservoir stability evaluation can be classified into the specifications, the status of facilities (facilities), and the like. The specifications include the year of completion, the height of the sugar cane, the designated year of the disaster risk reservoir, , And the status of facilities (facilities) includes loss of equipment, slope erosion, slope protection, and the presence of facilities (such as Yeosu). Others include damage cases, accessibility, and area classification.

In the present invention, the data that can be acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle system are mostly external factors. In the present invention, among the items for evaluating the stability of the present reservoir, there are the slope covering state, vegetation, The availability of on-site shooting, the availability of shooting time and weather, and the distribution by region are considered as factors for selecting the pilot shooting district of the hazard reservoir.

While the present invention has been described with reference to several preferred embodiments, these embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

10 Unmanned aircraft 110 server
120 databases

Claims (8)

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture a disaster danger reservoir;
A database for storing data related to the assessment of the safety assessment of a disaster hazard reservoir; And
A 3D terrain model is generated by receiving a plurality of disaster hazard reservoir images taken by the unmanned airplane, a digital topographic map is created using the 3D terrain model, a digital elevation model (DEM) is created using the digital topographic map A server for acquiring information from the digital topographic map and the DEM for precise safety diagnosis evaluation for a disaster risk reservoir and updating the database by reflecting information for the obtained precise safety diagnosis,
The server analyzes the water balance of the reservoir using the DEM to acquire information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation. The server analyzes the water balance of the reservoir through the reservoir to simulate the behavior of the facility by the inflow amount, the outflow amount, Simulation analysis is carried out to determine the effective storage capacity of the reservoir,
In acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, the server obtains information on the items including the slope coverage state, the vegetation state, the body loss status, and the facilities including the ferry,
The server generates the 3D terrain model by performing a ground control point (GCP) survey according to an airplane plan for the unmanned airplane, collecting image data from the unmanned airplane, A step of joining the image data to the ground reference point by a geometric method and changing the image data joined to the ground reference point to the ground coordinates, a step of inserting a ground junction and a ground reference point, a step of generating an orthoimage image and a DSM (Digital Surface Model) A 3D terrain model is generated from the orthoimage and the DSM,
In the orthoimage and DSM generation, the server generates an orthoimage image and a DSM using Postfight Terra 3D software, and performs an initial processing and a point cloud densification function And generates a DSM including the grid date of GeoTiff format and the Grid Date of Text format according to the input grid interval, and generates one type of Average, Weighted Average, Median, and Multi-band Blend Type) selected by the GeoTiff file to generate an orthoimage image.
delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the digital topographic map is a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.
delete In a disaster risk reservoir database construction system for a disaster hazard reservoir database system for precise safety diagnosis evaluation by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for shooting a disaster danger reservoir,
Receiving a plurality of disaster hazard reservoir images photographed by the unmanned airplane to generate a 3D terrain model;
Creating a digital topographic map using the 3D terrain model;
Fabricating a DEM using the digital topographic map;
Obtaining information for a precision safety diagnosis evaluation from the digital topographic map and the DEM to the disaster risk reservoir; And
Updating the database by reflecting information for the obtained precise safety diagnosis,
In the step of acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, the water balance analysis of the reservoir is performed using the DEM, and a simulation of the reservoir simulating the behavior of the facility based on the inflow, outflow, Analysis is performed, thereby determining the effective reservoir volume of the reservoir,
In the step of acquiring the information for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation, information on items including slope covering condition, vegetation, loss of body fluid, presence or absence of a facility including a ferry is obtained for the precise safety diagnosis evaluation,
The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: performing a ground control point (GCP) survey according to an airplane plan for the UAV; collecting image data from the UAV; A step of joining the data by geometric method, a step of inserting a photojunction and a ground reference point into which the image data jointed to the ground reference point is transformed to the ground coordinates, generating orthoimages and DSM (Digital Surface Model) 3D terrain models are generated from video and DSM,
In the step of generating the orthoimage and DSM, an orthoimage and a DSM are produced using Postfight Terra 3D software, and the initial processed image and the point cloud densification function are used to generate an orthoimage And a DSM. At this time, a DSM including a grid date of GeoTiff format and a Grid Date of a text format is generated according to the input grid interval, and a type of one of Average, Weighted Average, Median, And generating an orthoimage image with a GeoTiff file selected as a geoTiff file.
delete The method of claim 5,
Wherein the digital topographical scale is a scale of 1: 500-1: 600.
delete

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