CN114898053A - Three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method Download PDFInfo
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- G06T17/05—Geographic models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/20—Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling the whole image or part thereof
- G06T3/4038—Scaling the whole image or part thereof for image mosaicing, i.e. plane images composed of plane sub-images
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- G06T2200/08—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general involving all processing steps from image acquisition to 3D model generation
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- G06T2200/32—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general involving image mosaicing
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method, which comprises the steps of combining a three-dimensional space image technology and a digital photography technology, firstly obtaining field data of a research area, then establishing a field three-dimensional digital model of the research area based on the data, finally interpreting the field three-dimensional digital model and accurately obtaining a development distribution range diagram of the fractured loose rock mass of the research area in combination with a tunnel survey result. The invention organically combines the three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology to form a technical form with complementary advantages, thereby having the advantages of rapidness and accuracy of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology, and having multi-angle, large coverage area and true and accurate color information of photogrammetry; compared with manual investigation, the method has the advantages of relatively shorter time consumption, relatively smaller potential safety hazard and relatively smaller limitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering geological survey and analysis, in particular to a three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method.
Background
In the exploration design and construction of large-scale hydroelectric engineering of deep-cut valley of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the geological conditions of the revealed region are extremely complex. These complex geological conditions can be summarized as: hard rock: the rock strength is more than 60 MPa; secondly, structural surface development: the superposition of the multi-stage structure extrusion and the primary structure can form a plurality of small faults, a large number of multi-directional joints and tiny hidden cracks besides regional fracture; ③ strong alteration: the rock strength and rock integrity are obviously deteriorated under the influence of regional fracture, later hydrothermal solution and weathering; the surface weathering unloading is strong: the region belongs to a typical deep-cut canyon landform, the phenomena of bank slope weathering and unloading relaxation are very prominent, and the local part can reach 300 m; and fifthly, the slope shallow dangerous rock mass and the cracked loose rock mass develop under the influences of unloading, freeze thawing, dumping deformation and rapid cutting of the river valley. Through a plurality of projects, the investigation and the prevention of the side slope shallow dangerous rock mass and the cracked loose rock mass become one of the key factors which restrict the project construction progress and success and failure.
The working requirements of the rock mass structure fine investigation in the alpine and high-altitude regions put forward higher requirements on the field investigation working method. However, the conventional manual investigation method at present has the problems of long time consumption, large limitation, low coverage rate and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of fine investigation on rock mass quality evaluation, such as: the research area works, and the time consumption of manual operation of investigators is 1 month or more; meanwhile, huge potential safety hazards exist in manual investigation; the manual investigation area is limited to the area where people can climb, and the investigation range is limited because the areas with high altitude, steep slope and the like can not be investigated in place.
Therefore, the traditional manual investigation method has the problems of long time consumption, large potential safety hazard and large limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineating method. The invention has the advantages of relatively shorter time consumption, relatively smaller potential safety hazard and relatively smaller limitation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the three-dimensional space imaging technology and the digital photography technology are combined with each other, field data of a research area are firstly obtained, then a field three-dimensional digital model of the research area is established based on the data, and finally the field three-dimensional digital model is interpreted and a development distribution range diagram of the fractured and loosened rock mass of the research area is accurately obtained in combination with a tunnel survey result.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space imaging technology, the method for delineating the development range of the fractured loose rock mass comprises the following steps:
A. acquiring scanning three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area site by adopting ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment;
B. processing scanning three-dimensional point cloud data;
C. digital photogrammetry obtains measured three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area;
D. constructing a three-dimensional digital model: constructing a three-dimensional digital model based on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data;
E. and (3) defining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area: and (3) delineating an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area on the basis of the three-dimensional digital model.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment is adopted to obtain the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data of the research area site in the step A, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
a1, surveying the site of the research area: determining a scanning working range through the reconnaissance to know the site condition, particularly the characteristics of the environment around the site such as trees, buildings, terrain and the like;
a2, erecting a scanner: according to the spatial position and range of the scanning area, comprehensively considering the shielding relation of trees, buildings and the like to the target area, selecting a scanner site, and erecting a scanner;
a3, setting a scanning target: setting a scanning target according to a machine position of a scanner, wherein the scanning target is a coordinate control target; the main function of the target is to provide a control coordinate point in the scanning process; meanwhile, splicing characteristic point targets can be set;
a4, setting scanning parameters: the scanning parameters at least comprise built-in camera parameters, a scanning range, a scanning average distance, sampling point intervals and target identification;
a5, station-shifting scanning: repeating the steps A2 to A4 until the scanning work is completed;
a6, scanning to obtain scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: scanning three-dimensional point cloud data is obtained through steps A2 to A5.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment is adopted to obtain the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data of the research area site in the step A, and a built-in or external camera is used for taking a digital photo of a scanned object in the scanning process, so that the subsequent color information coupling is facilitated.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data is a local coordinate system with a central point of a scanner as a zero point; coordinates (X) of a scanning target point P in the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data S 、Y S 、Z S ) The calculation formula of (2):
Z s ＝S sinθ。
in the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data processing in the step B comprises the following specific steps:
b1, scanning three-dimensional point cloud data preprocessing: removing noise points in original data of the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data;
b2, acquiring three-dimensional color point cloud data: combining the color image of the corresponding point cloud with the corresponding scanning three-dimensional point cloud data through a matching and overlaying technology of software to generate three-dimensional color point cloud data; the color image is obtained by taking a digital photo of a scanned object by an internal or external camera;
b3, splicing and matching the multi-site scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: splicing the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by each scanner site to acquire complete space three-dimensional image data; the splicing comprises operations such as translation, rotation and the like;
b4, coordinate calibration of the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: converting the coordinates of the spatial three-dimensional image data acquired in step B2 into geodetic coordinates using three-dimensional points of at least 3 known geodetic coordinates.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the coordinate calibration in the step B4 lays an important foundation for later data processing, such as extraction and generation of information of geologic body elevation query, positioning, topographic maps, section lines and the like, is an indispensable process for geological mapping, and the accuracy of later information extraction is directly influenced by the precision of the process.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data can be used for identifying and extracting useful information through the data processing in the step B, and the result of the data is output into a required format for later use.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the digital photogrammetry in the step C obtains measured three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area, and the steps are as follows:
c1, selecting a flight control platform: determining the type and the body structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle, setting the endurance time and reasonably planning the air route according to the task form and the actual requirement;
c2, site confirmation: the distance from an airport is more than 10km, the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot have a high building within the range of 200m of taking-off and landing radius, and is far away from interference sources such as radar, wireless communication and the like, so that civil aviation or military flight permission is obtained, and flying units and personnel need to have flight quality;
c3, setting a digital camera: setting parameters of a digital camera; the parameters at least comprise a shutter, a diagonal, an aperture, sensitivity and shooting control; the shutter speed is usually more than 1/600 seconds, the focusing mode is set to be a manual mode, the focus is infinity, the aperture size is not less than 5.6, and the shooting mode is set to be single shooting;
c4, setting an artificial mark point: setting artificial mark points, wherein a map scale, topographic features and map distribution need to be considered comprehensively, the image control point distance needs to meet the requirement of aerial triangulation accuracy, and the mark points need to have larger contrast with the ground background color;
c5, obtaining and measuring three-dimensional point cloud data: and measuring and obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data according to the measurement of the artificial mark points and the image control points.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the three-dimensional digital model in the step D is constructed by the following steps:
d1, selecting a data fusion coordinate system: based on a plurality of coordinate control points actually measured by a field total station, the coordinates of the control points are imported into PolyWorks point cloud processing software to generate calibration points, and three-dimensional laser scanning and digital photogrammetry coordinates are calibrated into the same coordinate system;
d2, coordinate calibration fusion: b, carrying out coordinate calibration fusion on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data processed in the step B and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data obtained in the step C by using the same coordinate system, then obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data, automatically converting point cloud data information into geodetic coordinates through PolyWorks software, and controlling the average error within 0.5 m;
d3, constructing a three-dimensional digital model: since point cloud data are all discrete point coordinates and have a limitation on the spatial geometric feature expression of a measurement object, three-dimensional point cloud data obtained by D2 are used to construct a grid model, namely a three-dimensional digital model, including a Digital Terrestrial Model (DTM), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and a Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) through a triangular grid.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured loose rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology both represent the geometric characteristics of a space object in the form of three-dimensional coordinate point cloud, and the point cloud information not only contains coordinate data information, but also has object gray scale or color information; the three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology both express the space form of a measured object by point cloud coordinate data, the two data have similarity, and the data result conversion, storage and processing have consistency; therefore, the three-dimensional point cloud data can be obtained by performing coordinate calibration and fusion on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data processed in the step B and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data obtained in the step C.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional space image technology, the three-dimensional digital model is constructed in the step D3, and the specific contents are as follows: the three-dimensional point cloud data is subjected to network construction to generate a digital surface model, and in the process of generating surface network construction by points, the digital surface model can be a regular rectangular grid or an irregular triangular grid; for a model generated by non-terrain measurement, triangular meshes are often adopted in the network construction process due to complex spatial form, for a three-dimensional model of terrain measurement, a large-area terrain model adopts a regular rectangular mesh form, and for a complex and variable terrain or high-precision terrain model, a triangular mesh model is adopted.
In the method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass based on the three-dimensional spatial image technology, step E is used for delineating an accurate development distribution range diagram of the fractured and loosened rock mass in a research area, and the specific contents are as follows:
e1, analyzing the investigation result of the footrill: carrying out statistical analysis on the structural characteristics of the rock mass in the existing adit data, and analyzing the unloading depth range according to the adit position and the investigation result;
e2, three-dimensional digital model interpretation: interpreting the three-dimensional digital model to obtain structural characteristic information of a controllable rock mass, and determining a boundary range of the fractured and loosened rock mass by combining an unloading depth range and topographic features;
e3, extracting information of the cracked and loosened rock mass: acquiring key parameters such as the area, the volume, the structural development characteristics and the like of the fractured and loosened rock mass according to the distribution form and the characteristics of the fractured and loosened rock mass, accurately delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass in the alpine mountain area, and acquiring key information of the fractured and loosened rock mass; and finally obtaining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for accurately delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass in the alpine mountain area by combining a three-dimensional space image technology and a digital photography technology. The method describes in detail how to acquire three-dimensional point cloud data by using a three-dimensional laser scanning technology, provides a specific method for splicing and coordinate calibration of the three-dimensional point cloud data, and establishes a three-dimensional digital model by combining a digital photography technology;
the invention organically combines the three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology to form a technical form with complementary advantages, thereby having the advantages of rapidness and accuracy of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology, and having multi-angle, large coverage area and true and accurate color information of photogrammetry;
in conclusion, the comprehensive investigation can be carried out by adopting the method and the system with less personnel investment, the time consumption is shorter than that of the traditional method, and the investigation can be completed in about one week; only a small number of workers are needed to recheck the local part, verify the interpretation result and finally define the range, so that the necessity of the personnel to reach a dangerous area is obviously reduced, and the potential safety hazard is greatly reduced; three-dimensional laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle photography combine together can reply complicated various topography and geomorphic conditions, and the limitation of comparing artifical investigation is littleer.
Thus, the present invention has the advantages of relatively shorter time consumption, relatively smaller potential safety hazard and relatively smaller limitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a technical flowchart of step A of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the data points of the reference points in step A;
FIG. 4 shows scanned three-dimensional point cloud data of middle and lower dam site areas (Y is north direction) generated in step A of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is three-dimensional point cloud data of dam site area slope measurement generated in step C of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional data model generated in step D according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of cracked and loosened rock mass and adit distribution positions of the right bank of the dam site area obtained in step E in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of cracked and loosened rock mass and adit distribution positions of the left bank of the dam site area obtained in step E in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples are given. A three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method is shown in fig. 1-2, and comprises the steps of combining a three-dimensional space image technology and a digital photography technology, firstly obtaining field data of a research area, then establishing a field three-dimensional digital model of the research area based on the data, finally interpreting the field three-dimensional digital model and accurately obtaining a development distribution range diagram of the fractured loose rock mass of the research area in combination with a tunnel survey result.
The method for delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass comprises the following steps:
A. acquiring scanning three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area site by adopting ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment;
B. processing scanning three-dimensional point cloud data;
C. digital photogrammetry obtains measured three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area;
D. constructing a three-dimensional digital model: constructing a three-dimensional digital model based on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data;
E. and (3) defining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area: and (3) delineating an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area on the basis of the three-dimensional digital model.
A, acquiring the on-site scanning three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area by adopting ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
a1, surveying the site of the research area: determining a scanning working range through the reconnaissance to know the site condition, particularly the characteristics of the environment around the site such as trees, buildings, terrain and the like;
a2, erecting a scanner: according to the spatial position and range of the scanning area, comprehensively considering the shielding relation of trees, buildings and the like to the target area, selecting a scanner site, and erecting a scanner; see FIG. 3 for a
A3, setting a scanning target: setting a scanning target according to a machine position of a scanner, wherein the scanning target is a coordinate control target; the main function of the target is to provide a control coordinate point in the scanning process; meanwhile, a splicing characteristic point target can be set, and a splicing characteristic point target can also be set;
a4, setting scanning parameters: the scanning parameters at least comprise built-in camera parameters, a scanning range, a scanning average distance, sampling point intervals and target identification;
a5, station-shifting scanning: repeating the steps A2 to A4 until the scanning work is completed;
a6, scanning to obtain scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: scanning through steps A2 to A5 to obtain scanned three-dimensional point cloud data; see fig. 4.
And step A, acquiring the on-site scanning three-dimensional point cloud data of the research area by adopting a ground three-dimensional laser scanning device, and taking a digital photo of a scanning target by using an internal or external camera in the scanning process so as to facilitate subsequent color information coupling.
The scanning three-dimensional point cloud data is a local coordinate system with a scanner central point as a zero point; coordinates (X) of a scanning target point P in the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data S 、Y S 、Z S ) The calculation formula of (2):
Z s ＝S sinθ。
b, the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data processing comprises the following specific steps:
b1, scanning three-dimensional point cloud data preprocessing: removing noise points in original data of the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data;
b2, acquiring three-dimensional color point cloud data: combining the color image of the corresponding point cloud with the corresponding scanning three-dimensional point cloud data through a matching and overlaying technology of software to generate three-dimensional color point cloud data; the color image is obtained by taking a digital photo of a scanned target by a built-in or external camera;
b3, splicing and matching the multi-site scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: splicing the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by each scanner site to acquire complete space three-dimensional image data; the splicing comprises operations such as translation, rotation and the like;
b4, coordinate calibration of the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: converting the coordinates of the spatial three-dimensional image data acquired in step B3 into geodetic coordinates using three-dimensional points of at least 3 known geodetic coordinates.
The coordinate calibration in the step B4 lays an important foundation for later data processing, such as extraction and generation of information of geologic body elevation query, positioning, topographic map, section line, etc., and is an indispensable process of geological mapping, and the accuracy of the later information extraction is directly influenced by the precision of the process.
And B, the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data can be used for identifying and extracting useful information through the data processing in the step B, and the result of the data is output into a required format for later use.
And C, obtaining the measured three-dimensional point cloud data of the research area by the digital photogrammetry, wherein the steps are as follows:
c1, selecting a flight control platform: planning different routes according to actual conditions; the actual conditions comprise an engine body structure, endurance time and a task form;
c2, site confirmation: the distance from an airport is more than 10km, the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot have a high building within the range of 200m of taking-off and landing radius, and is far away from interference sources such as radar, wireless communication and the like, so that civil aviation or military flight permission is obtained, and flying units and personnel need to have flight quality;
c3, setting a digital camera: setting parameters of a digital camera; the parameters at least comprise a shutter, a diagonal, an aperture, sensitivity and shooting control; the shutter speed is usually more than 1/600 seconds, the focusing mode is set to be a manual mode, the focus is infinity, the aperture size is not less than 5.6, and the shooting mode is set to be single shooting;
c4, setting an artificial mark point: setting artificial mark points, wherein a map scale, topographic features and map distribution need to be considered comprehensively, the image control point distance needs to meet the requirement of aerial triangulation accuracy, and the mark points need to have larger contrast with the ground background color;
c5, obtaining and measuring three-dimensional point cloud data: measuring and obtaining measured three-dimensional point cloud data according to the artificial mark points and the image control points; see fig. 5.
D, constructing the three-dimensional digital model, which comprises the following steps:
d1, selecting a data fusion coordinate system: based on a plurality of coordinate control points actually measured by a field total station, the coordinates of the control points are imported into PolyWorks point cloud processing software to generate calibration points, and three-dimensional laser scanning and digital photogrammetry coordinates are calibrated into the same coordinate system;
d2, coordinate calibration fusion: b, carrying out coordinate calibration fusion on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data processed in the step B and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data obtained in the step C by using the same coordinate system, then obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data, automatically converting point cloud data information into geodetic coordinates through PolyWorks software, and controlling the average error within 0.5 m;
d3, constructing a three-dimensional digital model: because the point cloud data are all discrete point coordinates, the space geometric feature expression of a measurement object is limited, therefore, the three-dimensional point cloud data obtained by D2 is utilized to construct a grid model, namely a three-dimensional digital model, comprising a Digital Terrestrial Model (DTM), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and a Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) through a triangular grid; see fig. 6.
The three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology represent the geometric characteristics of a space object in the form of three-dimensional coordinate point cloud, and the point cloud information not only contains coordinate data information, but also has object gray scale or color information; the three-dimensional space image technology and the digital photography technology both express the space form of a measured object by point cloud coordinate data, the two data have similarity, and the data result conversion, storage and processing have consistency; therefore, the three-dimensional point cloud data can be obtained by performing coordinate calibration and fusion on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data processed in the step B and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data obtained in the step C.
The three-dimensional digital model constructed in the step D3 includes the following specific contents: the three-dimensional point cloud data is subjected to network construction to generate a digital surface model, and in the process of generating surface network construction by points, the digital surface model can be a regular rectangular grid or an irregular triangular grid; for a model generated by non-terrain measurement, triangular meshes are often adopted in the network construction process due to complex spatial form, for a three-dimensional model of terrain measurement, a large-area terrain model adopts a regular rectangular mesh form, and for a complex and variable terrain or high-precision terrain model, a triangular mesh model is adopted.
Step E, an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the delineating research area is provided, which comprises the following specific contents:
e1, analyzing the investigation result of the footrill: carrying out statistical analysis on the structural characteristics of the rock mass in the existing adit data, and analyzing the unloading depth range according to the adit position and the investigation result;
e2, three-dimensional digital model interpretation: interpreting the three-dimensional digital model to obtain structural characteristic information of a controllable rock mass, and determining a boundary range of the fractured and loosened rock mass by combining an unloading depth range and topographic features;
e3, extracting information of the cracked and loosened rock mass: acquiring key parameters such as the area, the volume, the structural development characteristics and the like of the fractured and loosened rock mass according to the distribution form and the characteristics of the fractured and loosened rock mass, accurately delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass in the alpine mountain area, and acquiring key information of the fractured and loosened rock mass; finally obtaining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area;
see fig. 7 and 8.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineating method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the three-dimensional space imaging technology and the digital photography technology are combined with each other, field data of a research area are obtained firstly, then a field three-dimensional digital model of the research area is established based on the field data, and finally the field three-dimensional digital model is interpreted and combined with a tunnel survey result to accurately obtain a development distribution range diagram of a fractured and loosened rock mass of the research area.
2. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method comprises the following steps:
A. acquiring scanning three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area site by adopting ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment;
B. scanning three-dimensional point cloud data for processing;
C. digital photogrammetry obtains measured three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area;
D. constructing a three-dimensional digital model: constructing a three-dimensional digital model based on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data;
E. and (3) defining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area: and (3) delineating an accurate development distribution range diagram of the fractured and loosened rock mass in the research area on the basis of the three-dimensional digital model.
3. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step A of obtaining the on-site scanned three-dimensional point cloud data of the research area by using ground three-dimensional laser scanning equipment comprises the following specific steps:
a1, surveying the site of the research area: determining a scanning working range through the reconnaissance to know the site condition;
a2, erecting a scanner: selecting a scanner site according to the spatial position and the range of the scanning area, and erecting a scanner;
a3, setting a scanning target: setting a scanning target according to a machine position of a scanner, wherein the scanning target is a coordinate control target;
a4, setting scanning parameters: the scanning parameters at least comprise built-in camera parameters, a scanning range, a scanning average distance, sampling point intervals and target identification;
a5, station-shifting scanning: repeating the steps A2 to A4 until the scanning work is completed;
a6, scanning to obtain scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: scanning three-dimensional point cloud data is obtained through steps A2 to A5.
4. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method according to claim 3, wherein the three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method is characterized in that: the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data is a local coordinate system with a scanner central point as a zero point; the scanning three-dimensional point cloudCoordinates (X) of the scanning target point P in the data S 、Y S 、Z S ) The calculation formula of (2):
Z s ＝S sinθ。
5. the three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data processing of step B comprises the following specific steps:
b1, scanning three-dimensional point cloud data preprocessing: removing noise points in original data of the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data;
b2, acquiring three-dimensional color point cloud data: matching and overlaying a color image of a corresponding point cloud shot by a built-in digital camera to the corresponding scanning three-dimensional point cloud data to generate three-dimensional color point cloud data;
b3, splicing and matching the multi-site scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: splicing the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by each scanner site to acquire complete space three-dimensional image data;
b4, coordinate calibration of the scanning three-dimensional point cloud data: converting the coordinates of the spatial three-dimensional image data acquired in step B3 into geodetic coordinates using at least 3 three-dimensional points of known geodetic coordinates.
6. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the digital photogrammetry in step C is used for obtaining measured three-dimensional point cloud data of a research area, and the steps are as follows:
c1, selecting a flight control platform: determining the type and the body structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle, setting the endurance time and reasonably planning the air route according to the task form and the actual requirement;
c2, site confirmation: the distance from an airport is more than 10km, the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot have a high building within the range of 200m of taking-off and landing radius, and is far away from interference sources such as radar, wireless communication and the like, so that civil aviation or military flight permission is obtained, and flying units and personnel need to have flight quality;
c3, setting a digital camera: setting parameters of a digital camera; the parameters at least comprise a shutter, a diagonal, an aperture, sensitivity and shooting control; the shutter speed is usually more than 1/600 seconds, the focusing mode is set to be a manual mode, the focus is infinity, the aperture size is not less than 5.6, and the shooting mode is set to be single shooting;
c4, setting an artificial mark point: setting artificial mark points, wherein a map scale, topographic features and map distribution need to be considered comprehensively, the image control point distance needs to meet the requirement of aerial triangulation accuracy, and the mark points need to have larger contrast with the ground background color;
c5, obtaining and measuring three-dimensional point cloud data: and measuring and obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data according to the measurement of the artificial mark points and the image control points.
7. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional digital model in step D is constructed by the following steps:
d1, selecting a data fusion coordinate system: based on a plurality of coordinate control points actually measured by a field total station, the coordinates of the control points are imported into Poly Works point cloud processing software to generate calibration points, and three-dimensional laser scanning and digital photogrammetry coordinates are calibrated into the same coordinate system;
d2, coordinate calibration fusion: b, carrying out coordinate calibration fusion on the scanned three-dimensional point cloud data processed in the step B and the measured three-dimensional point cloud data obtained in the step C by using the same coordinate system, then obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data, automatically converting point cloud data information into geodetic coordinates through Poly Works software, and controlling the average error within 0.5 m;
d3, constructing a three-dimensional digital model: the point cloud data is constructed into a mesh model, i.e., a three-dimensional digital model including a Digital Terrestrial Model (DTM), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), and a Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) by using the three-dimensional point cloud data acquired by D2 through a triangular mesh.
8. The three-dimensional space image technology-based fractured loose rock mass development range delineation method according to claim 2, wherein the step E delineation of the accurate development distribution range diagram of the fractured loose rock mass in the research area comprises the following specific contents:
e1, analyzing the investigation result of the footrill: carrying out statistical analysis on the structural characteristics of the rock mass in the existing adit data, and analyzing the unloading depth range according to the adit position and the investigation result;
e2, three-dimensional digital model interpretation: interpreting the three-dimensional digital model to obtain structural characteristic information of a controllable rock mass, and determining a boundary range of the fractured and loosened rock mass by combining an unloading depth range and topographic features;
e3, extracting information of the cracked and loosened rock mass: acquiring key parameters such as the area, the volume, the structural development characteristics and the like of the fractured and loosened rock mass according to the distribution form and the characteristics of the fractured and loosened rock mass, accurately delineating the development range of the fractured and loosened rock mass in the alpine mountain area, and acquiring key information of the fractured and loosened rock mass; finally, obtaining an accurate development distribution range diagram of the cracked and loosened rock mass in the research area.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116665079A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | 南京师范大学 | Rock mass structural feature identification method and system considering spatial relationship under complex scene |
| CN116756893A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-15 | 深圳讯道实业股份有限公司 | Power transmission and distribution cable layout and control method applied to industrial and mining control system |
| TWI823654B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-11-21 | 國立中央大學 | Structure surface defect identification and correction system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI823654B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-11-21 | 國立中央大學 | Structure surface defect identification and correction system |
| CN116756893A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-15 | 深圳讯道实业股份有限公司 | Power transmission and distribution cable layout and control method applied to industrial and mining control system |
| CN116756893B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳讯道实业股份有限公司 | Power transmission and distribution cable layout and control method applied to industrial and mining control system |
| CN116665079A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | 南京师范大学 | Rock mass structural feature identification method and system considering spatial relationship under complex scene |
| CN116665079B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2024-02-23 | 南京师范大学 | Rock mass structural feature identification method and system considering spatial relationship under complex scene |
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