KR101813419B1 - Slag discharge device and slag discharge method - Google Patents

Abstract

So that the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen can more easily pass through the opening of the screen. The slag crusher 20 is provided in a combustor of a gasifier 10 for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and discharges the slag generated in the combustor and dropped from the gasifier 10. The slag crusher 20 includes a screen 22 which is provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings 30 and allows slags smaller than the diameter of the openings 30 to pass therethrough, A spreader 24 for moving the upper surface of the screen 22 to crush the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 and a nozzle 26 for spraying the high pressure water against the slag deposited on the screen 22.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a slag discharging device and a slag discharging method.

The present invention relates to a slag discharging device and a slag discharging method.

In the lower part of a gasifier furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel such as coal, an ash hopper for collecting slag (molten slag) generated in a combustor and falling down is provided. (Patent Documents 1 and 2)

The ash hopper is provided with a slag crusher having a screen and a spreader. The slag dropped from the combustor rapidly cools and solidifies with water, and falls onto the upper surface of the screen provided by the slag crusher.

This screen is provided so as to intersect with the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings. Thereby, the screen is passed through the slag smaller than the diameter of the opening portion, and falls down to the lower portion of the ash hopper.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the screen, a slag larger than the diameter of the opening portion and a slag mass of the slag smaller than the diameter of the opening portion are deposited. The slag agglomerates are bonded by bridging by friction force or powder pressure in the particle layer of the slag.

Therefore, the spreader provided on the upper surface of the screen moves on the upper surface of the screen, for example, by a hydraulic cylinder, and is broken by applying force to the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen to pass through the screen.

The slag falling and deposited from the opening of the screen to the bottom of the ash hopper is discharged from the gasifier through the lock hopper to the outside of the system.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-247484 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-38510

However, even when the spreader is operated, the deposited slag is not crushed but collected in the operating direction of the slag crusher, and may not pass through the screen.

Then, the amount of slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen is increased, so that the slag is not discharged from the gasifier and the slag is filled in the ash hopper. In this case, continuation of operation of the gasification furnace becomes difficult, and the gasification furnace is stopped.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a slag discharging device and a slag discharging method capable of making slag deposited on an upper surface of a screen easier to pass through an opening of a screen.

In order to solve the above problems, the slag discharging device and the slag discharging method of the present invention employ the following means.

A slag discharging device according to a first aspect of the present invention is a slag discharging device provided in a combustor of a gasifier for gasifying a carbon containing fuel and discharging slag produced and dropped by the combustor from the gasifier, And a crushing means for crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen by moving on an upper surface of the screen, the crushing means having a plurality of openings crossing the direction of the screen, And a spray hole for spraying the pressurized liquid against the slag deposited on the screen.

The slag discharging device according to the present construction is provided in a combustor of a gasifier for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and discharges the slag generated in the combustor and dropped from the gasifier.

The slag discharge device is provided with a screen provided so as to cross the slag falling direction and having a plurality of openings. The slag smaller than the diameter of the opening of the screen falls through the opening. On the other hand, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen without passing through the opening is crushed by crushing means moving on the upper surface of the screen.

Here, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes slag agglomerated with slag smaller than the diameter of the opening by bridging by frictional force or bulk pressure.

The pressurized liquid is ejected from the ejection hole to the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen in order to remove the deposited slag. The pressurized liquid is ejected to the particles of the slag combined by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is broken. Thereby, the slag is slowly fluidized from the stationary state. The liquid ejected to the slag is, for example, water.

Then, the slag, which is easy to flow, is washed away by the liquid from the ejection hole. Thereby, the slag falls with the liquid from the opening of the screen without moving the crushing means. Further, the slag can easily fall from the opening even by moving the crushing means.

As described above, this configuration can make the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen easier to pass through the opening of the screen.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the spray hole is provided on a side wall of the screen which is installed in parallel with the operating direction of the crushing means.

According to this structure, the pressurized liquid can be simply and uniformly ejected to the deposited slag.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the spray hole is provided in the crushing means.

According to this configuration, since the liquid pressed more reliably against the slag to be crushed by the crushing means, the deposited slag can be crushed more reliably.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the crushing means has an inclined surface that is inclined forward with respect to the crushing direction of the slag.

According to this structure, since the downward force is applied to the deposited slag, the accumulated slag can be more reliably crushed.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the spray hole is provided on the inclined surface, and the liquid is sprayed in the direction of the screen.

According to this structure, downward force is applied to the slag to be crushed by the crushing means even by the liquid to be ejected, so that the deposited slag can be crushed more reliably.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the spray hole is provided on the screen.

According to this structure, deposition of slag on the upper surface of the screen can be suppressed, and the pressurized liquid can be easily and uniformly ejected to the deposited slag.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the ejection hole ejects gas instead of the liquid.

According to this configuration, in the state in which water is spread on the upper surface of the screen, gas is ejected from the upper surface of the screen, so that the bonding due to the bridging of the slag is cut by the rising of the bubbles. Thereby, since the slag is fluidized, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen becomes easier to pass through the opening of the screen.

The slag discharging method according to the second aspect of the present invention is a slag discharging method using a slag discharging device provided in a combustor of a gasifier furnace for gasifying a carbon containing fuel and discharging the slag generated in the combustor and dropped from the gasifier A first step of spraying a liquid pressurized from a spray hole on the slag deposited on an upper surface of a screen provided so as to cross the falling direction of the slag and having a plurality of openings; The crushing means for crushing the slag includes a second step of moving the upper surface of the screen.

According to the present invention, it is possible to make the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen easier to pass through the opening of the screen.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gasification furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a slag crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a front view of the spreader according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a spreader according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a spreader according to a second embodiment of the present invention viewed from the front.
6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen according to a modification of the third embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen according to a modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a top view of a slag crusher according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen and side walls according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the slag discharging device and the slag discharging method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment.

The carbon-containing fuel to be applied to the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment is not limited to the heavy fuel such as coal, petroleum coke, coal coke, asphalt, pitch, oil shale, . In each of the following embodiments, a description will be given of a case where the carbon-containing fuel to be gasified is coal.

In the gasification furnace 10, the pulverized coal supplied from a coal supply facility (not shown) and the recovered coal (not shown) are recovered in a combustor 12 having a high temperature atmosphere of 1500 to 1800 ° C or higher, And the charcoal supplied is reacted with the oxidizing agent. Thus, in the combustor 12, the pulverized coal is burned at a high temperature, so that a coal gas as a combustible gas is generated, and the slag 14 in which the ash in the pulverized coal is melted is produced.

The high temperature coal gas obtained by the high temperature combustion of the combustor 12 flows into the reactor 16 provided at the upper end of the combustor 12. The pulverized coal and charcoal are supplied to the reactor 16, and the supplied pulverized coal and charcoal are further gasified to generate a combustible gas by the coal gas. The combustor 12 according to the first embodiment is of the classifying common type, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it may be a fluid-phase common type or a fixed common type.

Below the gasification furnace 10, there is provided an ash hopper 18 for collecting the slag 14 generated in the combustor 12 and dropped.

The ash hopper 18 is provided with a slag crusher 20 for crushing the slag 14 and discharging it from the gasification furnace 10.

2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the construction of the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment.

The slag crusher 20 has a screen 22, a spreader 24, and a nozzle 26.

The slag 14 falling from the combustor 12 is rapidly cooled and solidified by water (hereinafter referred to as "ash hopper water") ejected from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28, 22).

The screen 22 is provided so as to cross the falling direction of the slag 14 and has a plurality of openings 30 and allows the slag 14 smaller than the diameter of the openings 30 to pass therethrough. The screen 22 is, for example, a plate-shaped member having an opening 30.

The slag 14, which has passed through the opening 30, falls to the bottom of the ash hopper 18 together with the ash hopper number. 1, a lock hopper 34 is connected to the lower portion of the ash hopper 18. The slag 14 dropped to the lower portion of the ash hopper 18 is discharged to the outside through the lock hopper 34 .

The gasification furnace 10 of Fig. 1 adopts a gravitational drop method in which the slag 14 is discharged to the outside of the system by dropping the slag 14 to the lock hopper 34. However, The lateral suction system may be adopted in which the waste water is taken out without falling down to the lock hopper 34 and reused.

The spreader 24 moves the upper surface of the screen 22 by the hydraulic cylinder 36 to crush the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22. [ The position of the spreader 24 shown in Fig. 2 is a stand-by position before the upper surface of the screen 22 is moved.

On the opposite side of the standby position of the spreader 24, a receiving plate 38 is provided. In other words, the spreader 24 moves from the standby position to the water table 38, thereby collecting the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22. The spreader 24 crushes the deposited slag 14 by sandwiching the slag 14 between the spreader 24 and the water plate 38. On the front surface of the spreader 24, a protrusion 40 is provided to facilitate the crushing of the slag 14.

The spreader 24 according to the first embodiment has a sloped surface 24A which is inclined forward with respect to the crushing direction of the slag 14. [ The inclined surface 24A is provided under the spreader 24. The spreader 24 collects the accumulated slag 14 mainly by the inclined surface 24A. The upper side of the inclined plane 24A is a vertical plane 24B perpendicular to the screen 22.

The nozzle 26 is an ejection hole for ejecting the liquid pressurized with respect to the slag 14 deposited on the screen 22. [ The nozzle 26 according to the first embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24. As shown in the front view of the spreader 24 of Fig. 3, the nozzles 26 are provided horizontally on the inclined plane 24A as an example.

The pressurized liquid ejected from the nozzle 26 is, for example, water, but it is not limited to this, and it may be a liquid capable of cutting the cross-linking of the slag 14 as described later. The pressurized water is referred to as high-pressure water in the following description. The pressure of the high-pressure water is, for example, 3 to 5 MPa.

The water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28 is branched and connected to the nozzle 26. More specifically, the diverged water supply pipe 42 is connected to the high-pressure hose 44. The high-pressure hose 44 has flexibility to cope with the movement of the spreader 24 and is supported by the high-pressure hose support 46.

The high pressure hose 44 is connected to the high pressure water header 48. The high-pressure water header 48 supplies high-pressure water to the plurality of nozzles 26.

Next, the operation of the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment will be described.

The slag 14 generated in the combustor 12 falls onto the upper surface of the screen 22. [

The slag 14 that is smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 of the screen 22 among the slag 14 that has fallen onto the upper surface of the screen 22 passes through the opening 30 and reaches the lower portion of the ash hopper 18, That is, the lower portion of the gasification furnace 10.

On the other hand, the slag 14 which is larger than the diameter of the opening 30 and the slag 14 which is smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 and which is the accumulation of the slag 14 can not pass through the opening 30, Deposited.

Therefore, the spreader 24 moves the upper surface of the screen 22 from the standby position to the water table 38 at predetermined time intervals. Thereby, the spreader 24 crushes the accumulated slag 14 and makes it easier for the slag 14 to pass through the opening 30.

The spreader 24 according to the first embodiment applies a downward force to the accumulated slag 14 by the inclined surface 24A so that the accumulated slag 14 can be more reliably crushed have.

However, the slag mass in which the small slag 14 is joined by crosslinking is not broken by the spreader 24, and may not collect in the moving direction of the spreader 24 without passing through the opening 30. [

Therefore, high pressure water is ejected from the nozzle 26 provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 toward the slag 14. [ The high pressure water is sprayed on the particles of the slag 14 bonded by the bridging so that the bond due to the bridging is broken. Thereby, the slag 14 is gently fluidized from the stationary state.

Further, since the nozzle 26 is provided on the inclined surface 24A, the high pressure water is ejected more reliably from the slag 14 to be crushed by the spreader 24, so that the accumulated slag 14 can be crushed more reliably .

The ejection of the high-pressure water from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves, or may be intermittently or continuously performed regardless of the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves.

The slag 14, which is easy to flow, flows by the high pressure water ejected from the nozzle 26. Thereby, the slag 14 falls from the opening 30 of the screen 22 together with the high-pressure water without moving the spreader 24. Also, the slag 14 can easily fall from the opening 30 by moving the spreader 24.

As described above, the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment is provided so as to intersect with the falling direction of the slag 14 and has a plurality of openings 30, and is smaller than the diameter of the openings 30 A spreader 24 for moving the upper surface of the screen 22 to crush the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 and a screen 22 for passing the slag 14, And a nozzle 26 for spraying the high-pressure water to the deposited slag 14. [

Therefore, the slag crusher 20 can make it easier for the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 to pass through the opening 30 of the screen 22 more easily. As a result, even if the slag 14 is deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22, the slag 14 can be more reliably discharged by the slag crusher 20. As a result, it is possible to suppress the stop of the operation of the gasification furnace 10 due to the accumulation of the slag 14, and the continuous operation of the gasification furnace 10 becomes possible.

The slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment is provided with the nozzle 26 on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24, (26).

[Second Embodiment]

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and a description thereof will be omitted.

4 is a longitudinal sectional view seen from the side of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view seen from the front face of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment, and is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2 and 3 in Figs. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in Figs. 2 and 3, and description thereof is omitted.

The nozzle 26 according to the second embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A and ejects high pressure water in the direction of the screen 22. [

As an example, a header 50 is provided inside the spreader 24. A plurality of nozzles 26 directed downward are connected to the header 50 and high pressure water is ejected from the nozzles 26 to the upper surface of the screen 22. [ The ejection of the high-pressure water from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves, or may be intermittently or continuously performed regardless of the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves. In the case where the slag crusher 20 is provided with the high-pressure water header 48, the header 50 may not be provided.

Thus, in the slag crusher 20 according to the second embodiment, a downward force is applied to the slag 14 to be crushed by the spreader 24 by the high pressure water, It can be surely crushed.

[Third embodiment]

Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and a description thereof will be omitted.

In the slag crusher 20 according to the third embodiment, the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 for spraying high-pressure water.

6 is an example of a vertical cross-sectional view of the screen 22 according to the third embodiment.

In the example of Fig. 6, a nozzle 60 to which high-pressure water is supplied through a header 62 is provided on a side surface of the opening 30 of the screen 22. [ The header 62 is branched and connected to a water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28.

7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen 22 according to a modified example of the third embodiment.

In the example of Fig. 7, a nozzle 60 to which high-pressure water is supplied through a header 62 is provided on the upper surface of the screen 22. [

The ejection of the high-pressure water from the nozzle 60 may be synchronized with the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves, or may be intermittently or continuously performed regardless of the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves.

In the slag crusher 20 according to the third embodiment, high-pressure water is sprayed on the particles of the slag 14 joined by the bridging so that the bond due to the bridging is broken. As a result, the deposited slag 14 is liable to be fluidized.

Since the high pressure water is sprayed upward in the downward direction of the screen 22, the accumulation of the slag 14 on the upper surface of the screen 22 can be suppressed, The liquid can be ejected simply and uniformly.

[Fourth Embodiment]

Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and a description thereof will be omitted.

8 and 9 are longitudinal sectional views of the screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment. 6 and 7 in Figs. 8 and 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in Figs. 6 and 7, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment ejects a high-pressure gas (hereinafter referred to as a "high-pressure gas") instead of the high-pressure water from the nozzle 60. Due to this, the header 62 is connected to the high-pressure gas feed pipe 42 for feeding the high-pressure gas.

The ejection of the high-pressure gas from the nozzle 60 may be synchronized with the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves, or may be intermittently or continuously performed regardless of the time interval at which the spreader 24 moves.

The upper surface of the screen 22 is in a state in which water is spread by the high pressure water jetted from the nozzle 60 provided in the spreader 24 or the water from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28.

In the slag crusher 20 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, gas is ejected from the upper surface of the screen 22 in a state in which water is spread on the upper surface of the screen 22, As shown in FIG. As the bubbles rise, the bond due to the bridging of the slag 14 is broken. This makes the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 easier to pass through the opening 30 of the screen 22 because the slag 14 is fluidized.

[Fifth Embodiment]

Hereinafter, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and a description thereof will be omitted.

10 is a top view of the slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the screen 22 and the side wall 70 according to the fifth embodiment, and is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2 and 3 in Figs. 10 and 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in Figs. 2 and 3, and description thereof is omitted.

The slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment is provided with the nozzle 72 for spraying the high pressure water on the side wall 70 of the screen 22 installed in parallel with the operating direction of the spreader 24 .

As shown in Fig. 11, the nozzle 72 is provided at the bottom of the side wall 70 as an example.

The slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment can easily and uniformly discharge the high pressure water to the accumulated slag 14. [ Since the nozzle 72 is provided in the side wall 70, the nozzle 72 can be simply installed in the slag crusher 20. [

The high-pressure water sprayed from the nozzle 72 may also be used as the ash hopper number.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiment. Various modifications or improvements can be added to the embodiments without departing from the gist of the invention, and the technical scope of the present invention includes modifications or improvements. A plurality of the above embodiments may be combined.

For example, in the above embodiments, the spreader 24 is moved toward the water tray 38. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a spreader 24 may be used instead of the water tray 38 And the slag 14 may be crushed by moving a pair of spreaders 24 on the upper surface of the screen 22. [

10 Gasification furnace
12 combustor
14 Slag
20 Slag Crusher
22 screen
24 spreader
24A slope
26 nozzle
30 opening
60 nozzle
70 side wall
72 nozzle

Claims (8)

A slag discharging device provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, the slag discharging device discharging slag generated in the combustor and falling from the gasifier,
A screen which is provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings and passes the slag smaller than the diameter of the opening,
Crushing means for moving the upper surface of the screen to crush the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen,
Two side walls provided so as to face each other with the center of the screen therebetween,
And a spray hole provided at each of the side walls opposite to each other for spraying the pressurized liquid against the slag deposited on the screen
Slag discharge device. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the spray hole is provided in the crushing means
Slag discharge device. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the crushing means has a sloped surface inclined toward the crushing direction of the slag
Slag discharge device. The method of claim 4,
The spray hole is provided on the inclined surface, and the liquid is sprayed in the direction of the screen
Slag discharge device. The method according to claim 1,
The spray hole is provided on the screen
Slag discharge device. The method of claim 6,
The ejection hole ejects a gas instead of the liquid
Slag discharge device. A slag discharging method using a slag discharging device provided in a combustor of a gasifier furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, the slag discharging device discharging the slag generated in the combustor and dropped from the gasifier,
Wherein the slag discharging device comprises a screen which is provided so as to intersect with a falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings and through which the slag smaller than the diameter of the opening is passed, Side walls,
A first step of spraying the pressurized liquid against the slag deposited on the screen from an ejection hole provided at a position opposite to each other on each of the side walls;
And crushing means for crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes a second step of moving the upper surface of the screen
Slag discharge method.

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