JP3652848B2 - Gasification equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to gasification equipment for solid or liquid fuel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gasification facility that has excellent operability and reliability and efficiently generates gaseous fuel from solid fuel or liquid fuel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The carbon-containing material (hereinafter referred to as “char”) supplied to the gasification furnace has a pressure loss in the char supply piping, gasification furnace or dust removal equipment, and is recovered by that amount by the dust removal equipment. The pressure of the char is lower than the pressure of the char supplied to the gasifier. For this reason, it is necessary to increase (increase) the char pressure by some means.
Moreover, since char is a powder, there is a problem of wear and the like, and the pressure cannot be increased by a pump or a fan. Therefore, conventionally, a lock hopper system (12 to 15 etc.) as shown in FIG. 4 has been adopted. It was.
[0003]
Basically, however, char is generated from pulverized coal put into the gasifier and is a collection of unburned carbon and ash, so there are coarse particles that block the char supply pipe and burner. Did not expect. Therefore, special measures against coarse particles, for example, installation of a specific foreign substance removing device between the gas cooler 7 and the char burner 4 have not been taken at all.
The char put into the gasification furnace is usually fine particles of 100 microns or less, and does not block the char supply pipe or burner having a diameter of 10 to 100 mm.
[0004]
However, in the gasifier, the ash content in the pulverized coal and char is melted and removed at a high temperature, so that the melted ash particles may grow into coarse particles depending on the operating conditions and the type of coal. In addition, structural members inside the gasification furnace or the gas cooler may fall off and generate coarse foreign matters.
These coarse particles and foreign substances will not normally block the pipe if it is less than one third of the pipe diameter, but if it exceeds one third of the pipe diameter, the char supply pipe or burner should be It may be occluded and has been a problem.
In addition, since there are generally a plurality of char supply pipes and burners, the closed ones were once separated from the gasification furnace and purged. However, if the number of plugs is large or the frequency of blockages is high, the char generated in the gasifier exceeds the capacity of the char recycling device, making it impossible to operate the gasifier, and the gasification equipment is installed. There was a problem that it was necessary to stop.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above problems, the inventors of the present invention are extremely excellent in operability and reliability by preventing the occurrence of blockage due to coarse particles or coarse foreign matter in the char supply pipe or char burner of the gasification equipment. We have intensively studied to develop a gasification facility. As a result, the present inventors circulate the carbon-containing substance (char) from the outlet of the gasification furnace to the gas burner of the gasification furnace through the gas cooler, the dust removal equipment, and the char recycling device in order. It has been found that such a problem can be solved by installing a foreign substance removing device for removing coarse particles or coarse foreign substances at any point in the collection system.
The present invention has been completed from such a viewpoint.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to a gasification furnace for gasifying solid or liquid fuel using air, oxygen-containing gas or vapor as a gasifying agent, a gas cooler for cooling the gasified product gas, and the gas cooler. And a char recycling device for recovering the carbon-containing material from the product gas cooled in step and supplying it to the gasifier, and in the system from the outlet of the gasifier to the char burner of the gasifier The gasification equipment provided with the foreign substance removal apparatus is provided in any one of the above.
The present invention also provides a gasification furnace for gasifying solid or liquid fuel using air, oxygen-containing gas or steam as a gasifying agent, a gas cooler for cooling the gasified product gas, and the gas cooler. And a char recycling device that collects a carbon-containing material from the product gas cooled in step and supplies it to a gasification furnace, and any one of the systems from the outlet of the gas cooler to the char recycling device. The gasification equipment provided with the foreign substance removal apparatus is provided at the location.
[0007]
The present invention relates to a gasification furnace for gasifying solid or liquid fuel using air, oxygen-containing gas or vapor as a gasifying agent, a gas cooler for cooling the gasified product gas, and cooling by the gas cooler. A char recycling device that collects a carbon-containing substance from the generated product gas and supplies it to a gasification furnace, and any one of the systems from the char recycling device to the char burner of the gasification furnace The gasification equipment provided with the foreign material removal apparatus is provided in the location.
In the present invention, the char recycling apparatus has a plurality (at least two or more) of char supply hoppers in parallel, and a foreign substance removing device is provided for each pipe led out from the outlets of the plurality of char supply hoppers. It is the gasification equipment characterized by being equipped. In this case, the char is supplied to the gasification furnace from a plurality of char supply hoppers installed in parallel by mutual switching.
[0008]
The present invention is a gasification facility in which the foreign matter removing device is a foreign matter removing device using a filtration classification method. In this case, for example, in the piping from the outlet of the gas cooler to the dust removal facility, or in each piping from the char recycling device to the char burner of the gasification furnace, foreign matter removal by a filtration classification method It is extremely effective to provide a device. Moreover, the said foreign material removal apparatus can also arrange | position 2 series in parallel.
[0009]
The present invention is provided with a differential pressure gauge for measuring a differential pressure before and after the foreign matter removing device, a purge gas supply valve on the outlet side of the foreign matter removing device, and a purge exhaust valve on the inlet side of the foreign matter removing device. It is a characteristic gasification facility. In this case, the accumulated foreign matter inside the foreign matter removing apparatus is discharged out of the system by a purge gas (nitrogen gas or the like).
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments and reference embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment (Part 1)
FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a gasification facility according to the present invention. The present embodiment is a gasification facility in which a foreign matter removing device is provided in the system from the char recycling device to the char burner 4 of the gasification furnace 5. Further, in the present embodiment, the char recycling apparatus has two char supply hoppers 15A and 15B in parallel, the char supply hopper is switched to supply the carbon-containing material to the gasification furnace 5, and The gasification equipment is provided with foreign matter removing devices 20A and 20B by a filtration classification system in the pipes 23A and 23B led out from the outlets of the char supply hoppers 15A and 15B.
[0011]
The gasification furnace 5 is charged with pulverized coal as carbon-containing fuel from the pulverized coal supply pipe 1 via the pulverized coal burner 3 and with char from the char supply pipe 26 via the char burner 4. These pulverized coal and char gasify and react with the gasifying agent 2 made of air, oxygen-containing gas or steam supplied to the burners 3 and 4 to generate product gas. Here, the product gas also contains char.
The product gas passes through the gas pipe 6, enters the gas cooler 7, and is cooled by the cooling water 8. The gas temperature at the outlet of the gas cooler 7 is usually 200 to 600 ° C. depending on the type of desulfurization equipment installed in the downstream. From the gas cooler 7, the solids such as char are separated by the dust removal equipment 10 through the gas pipe 9 and sent from the gas pipe 11 to the downstream equipment.
[0012]
The char collected by the dust removal equipment 10 is temporarily stored in the char bin 12. Char supply hoppers 15 </ b> A and 15 </ b> B installed in parallel are installed in the lower portion of the char bin. However, char is not received at the same time by the char supply hopper 15A and the char supply hopper 15B, and the char is alternately received. For example, when the char supply hopper 15A performs the receiving operation and the char supply hopper 15B performs the supply operation to the gasifier, the procedure is as follows.
[0013]
The char in the char bin 12 is received by the char supply hopper A with the char cut valve 13A and the airtight valve 14A being opened. At this time, since the pressure of the char bin 12 is lower than that of the gasification furnace, the shut-off valves 19A and 22A are closed.
On the other hand, since the char supply hopper B supplies char to the gasification furnace 5, the char cut valve 13B and the airtight valve 14B are closed, and the pressure is increased from the gas supply line of nitrogen or the like to the pressure of the gasification furnace and shut off. Char is supplied quantitatively from the char feeder 16B with the valves 19B and 22B open. The supplied char merges with the char transport nitrogen 17B and the char merge base 18B, and is fed from the char burner 4 to the gasifier 5 via the char supply pipes 23B and 26.
[0014]
In the present invention, in order to remove coarse foreign matters by filtration classification, a foreign matter removing device 20B constituted by a face plate, a metal screen mesh or the like is installed in the char supply pipe. The differential pressure before and after that is measured with a differential pressure gauge 21B. The aperture of the face plate or screen mesh is several mm, which is sufficiently larger than the particle size of char (100 microns or less), so the char passes. On the other hand, foreign matters larger than the openings cannot pass and accumulate in the foreign matter removing apparatus. When the amount of foreign matter in the foreign matter removing apparatus increases, the differential pressure rises and is detected.
[0015]
When the amount of char in the char supply hopper 15B reaches near the lower limit, an operation of switching to the char supply hopper 15A is performed.
In the operation, first, the char cut valve 13A and the airtight valve 14A are closed, the char supply hopper 15A is pressurized from a supply line of nitrogen gas or the like, and the pressure is almost equal to that of the char supply hopper 15B. Next, the shutoff valves 19A and 22A are opened, the char carrier nitrogen 17A is supplied, and the flow rate of the char feeder 16B is decreased while the flow rate of the char feeder 16A is increased.
After the flow rate of the char feeder 16B is set to 0, the shut-off valves 19B and 22B are closed, the pressure is reduced from the char supply hopper pressure reducing line, and the pressure is almost the same as that of the char bin 12. Next, the char cut valve 13 </ b> B and the airtight valve 14 </ b> B are opened, and char is received from the char bin 12.
By repeating the above operation, char is continuously supplied to the gasifier.
[0016]
Further, the present embodiment is provided with a differential pressure gauge for measuring the differential pressure before and after the foreign substance removing device, a purge gas supply valve on the outlet side of the foreign substance removing device, and a purge exhaust valve on the inlet side of the foreign substance removing device. It is a gasification facility. That is, during the char supply operation, if the indicated value of the differential pressure gauge 21A or 21B of the foreign matter removing device exceeds the upper limit, the purge gas supply valve 24A and the purge exhaust gas will be used when the char supply hopper is switched to the receiving operation next time. With the valve 25A or the purge gas supply valve 24B and the purge exhaust valve 25B open, the accumulated foreign matter inside the foreign matter removing apparatus is discharged out of the system. By the above operation, coarse foreign matters can be discharged out of the system while continuously supplying char to the gasifier. As described above, according to the present invention, since coarse foreign matters and the like are removed at a portion closer to the portion where the flow path diameter such as the char supply pipe and the burner is minimized, the removal effect is great.
[0017]
Reference Form FIG. 2 is a form that serves as a reference for gasification equipment. Embodiments of the present reference, in the system from the outlet of the gas cooler 7 up to the char recycling unit, a gasification facility foreign matter removing apparatus is provided, specifically, the outlet of the gas cooler 7 A foreign substance removing device 27 is provided in the pipe 9 from the dust to the dust removing equipment 10. Moreover, the form of this reference is the gasification installation provided with the foreign material removal apparatus 27 by a gravity sedimentation method, and differs from the said embodiment (the 1). In this reference embodiment, in the vertical or up-ramp portion of the product gas pipe 9, the foreign matter removing apparatus 27 constituted by enlarged tube is installed. Since this part has a slow gas flow rate, coarse foreign matters of about several millimeters settle and are separated and accumulate on the bottom of the foreign matter removing device 27. The accumulated foreign matter is periodically discharged into the foreign matter discharge container 29 pressurized by the nitrogen line 30 by opening the shut-off valve 28.
[0018]
Further, since the foreign matter discharge container 29 is depressurized, the foreign matter inside thereof is discharged out of the system by opening the shut-off valve 31. In the case of this reference embodiment, since foreign matters are removed upstream of the char recycling device, char feed hopper need not necessarily be installed in parallel as shown in FIG. Of course, there is no problem with the parallel arrangement, but a series arrangement through the char cut valve 32, the airtight valve 33 and the charlock hopper 34 can also be adopted. In this case, the char is continuously supplied by the char feeder 16 from the char supply hopper 15 pressurized to a pressure higher than that of the gasification furnace with the char cut valve 13 and the airtight valve 14 closed. The supplied char merges with the char carrier nitrogen 17 and the char merger 18, and is supplied from the char burner 4 to the gasifier via the char supply pipe 26. In the meantime, the charlock hopper 34 receives char from the charbin while the char cut valve 32 and the airtight valve 33 are open.
[0019]
When the amount of char in the char supply hopper 15 reaches the lower limit, the char cut valve 32 and the airtight valve 33 are closed, and the char lock hopper is charged with gas from the gas supply line such as nitrogen by the char supply hopper 15. The pressure is increased to approximately equal to the pressure. Thereafter, the char cut valve 13 and the airtight valve 14 are closed, and the char in the charlock hopper 34 is discharged to the char supply hopper 15. After the dispensing is completed, the char cut valve 13 and the airtight valve 14 are closed, and the pressure of the charlock hopper 34 is reduced from the pressure reduction line. Is open and accepts char from the charbin 12. By repeating the above operation, coarse foreign substances can be discharged out of the system while continuously supplying char to the gasifier. Form of this reference, since the foreign matter removing apparatus is sufficient in one series, a configuration in which the whole is simplified.
[0020]
Embodiment (Part 2 )
Figure 3 is a second embodiment of the gasification equipment according to the present invention. This embodiment is a gasification facility in which the foreign substance removing device is provided in the system from the outlet of the gas cooler 7 to the char recycling device in the gasification facility of the present invention. Is provided with a foreign substance removing device 36 in the pipe 9 from the outlet of the gas cooler 7 to the dust removal equipment 10. Also, this embodiment differs from the above-mentioned reference embodiment in that the foreign matter removing device installed in the product gas pipe 9 removes coarse foreign matters and the like by filtration classification using a face plate, a metal screen mesh, or the like. Foreign matter removing devices 36A and 36B. The mesh of the mesh plate or screen mesh used here is several mm, which is sufficiently larger than the particle diameter of char (100 μm or less), so that the char passes therethrough. On the other hand, foreign matters larger than the openings cannot pass and accumulate in the foreign matter removing apparatus.
[0021]
The present embodiment is provided with a differential pressure gauge for measuring the differential pressure before and after the foreign substance removing device, a purge gas supply valve on the outlet side of the foreign substance removing device, and a purge exhaust valve on the inlet side of the foreign substance removing device. Gasification equipment. Either one of the foreign substance removing devices 36A and 36B is usually used. When the amount of foreign matter in the foreign matter removing apparatus increases, the differential pressure increases and is detected by the differential pressure gauge 38A or 38B. For example, when the foreign matter removing device 36A is used and the indicated value of the differential pressure gauge 38A exceeds the upper limit, the shutoff valves 35B and 37B of the foreign matter removing device 36B are opened and the use of the B system is used. Start. Next, the shutoff valves 35A and 37A are closed, the purge gas supply valve 39A is opened, the purge exhaust valve 40A is opened, and the accumulated foreign matter inside the foreign matter removing apparatus is discharged out of the system. Thereafter, the purge gas supply valve 39A and the purge exhaust valve 40A are closed, and a recovery standby is performed. The same operation is performed for the B series even when the indicated value of the differential pressure gauge 38B exceeds the upper limit. By the above operation, coarse foreign matters can be discharged out of the system while continuously supplying char to the gasifier. In this embodiment, two series of foreign matter removing devices are required. However, since the separation and separation method is based on the eyeplate or screen mesh, the removal effect is high, and the char recycling device is either a parallel method or a serial method. There is an advantage that it can be adopted.
[0022]
Other Embodiments The gasification facility according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment (part 1), the char recycling apparatus has a char supply hopper installed in parallel with three or more units, and from the outlet of the char supply hopper to the char burner of the gasification furnace It is good also as installing the foreign material removal apparatus by a filtration classification system in each three or more piping, respectively.
In addition, in a gasification facility where a foreign substance removing device is installed in a pipe from the outlet of the gas cooler to the dust removing equipment, a foreign substance removing device using a gravity sedimentation method and a foreign material removing device using a filtration classification method are used in combination. , Each can also be installed. Furthermore, in the present invention, a plurality of foreign matter removing devices may be installed in series in each pipe.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
The gasification facility of the present invention can significantly improve the operability and reliability of the gasification facility that generates gas fuel from solid or liquid fuel.
That is, according to the gasification facility of the present invention, blockage caused by coarse particles or coarse foreign matter in the char supply pipe or burner of the gasification facility can be effectively prevented, so that the operability and reliability of the gasification facility are improved.
Moreover, it is not necessary to separate the gasification furnace from the recovery part at the time of purge recovery, and it is possible to remove and discharge coarse particles or coarse foreign substances without stopping the gasification equipment, and its industrial significance is extremely large. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a first embodiment of a gasification facility according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a form that serves as a reference for gasification equipment.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a second embodiment of the gasification facility according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a conventional gasification facility that employs a lock hopper system.

Claims (2)

Gasification furnace for gasifying solid or liquid fuel using air, oxygen-containing gas or vapor as gasification agent, gas cooler for cooling gasified product gas, and product gas cooled by gas cooler A char recycling device that collects carbon-containing material from the waste gas and supplies it to the gasification furnace. The char recycling device has a plurality of char supply hoppers in parallel and is led out from the outlets of the plurality of char supply hoppers. Each of the char supply pipes is provided with a char merger for joining the char carrying nitrogen, and each char supply pipe from the char merger to the gas burner char burner. the foreign matter removing apparatus according to a filtration classification method are provided respectively, and more respective char supply pipe, a differential pressure gauge that measures the differential pressure across the foreign matter removing apparatus, foreign matter removed And location of the outlet side of the purge gas supply valve, gasification facilities and the inlet side of the purge exhaust valve is provided with respective foreign matter removing apparatus. Gasification furnace for gasifying solid or liquid fuel using air, oxygen-containing gas or vapor as gasification agent, gas cooler for cooling gasified product gas, and product gas cooled by gas cooler A char recycling device that collects the carbon-containing material from the gas and supplies it to the gasification furnace. The piping from the outlet of the gas cooler to the dust removal equipment of the char recycling device uses a filtration classification method. Two series of foreign matter removing devices are provided in parallel, and the pipe includes a differential pressure gauge for measuring a differential pressure before and after the foreign matter removing device, a purge gas supply valve on the outlet side of the foreign matter removing device , Gasification facilities each provided with a purge exhaust valve on the inlet side of the foreign matter removing device .

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