WO2015072219A1

WO2015072219A1 - Slag discharge device and slag discharge method

Info

Publication number: WO2015072219A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/073999
Authority: WO
Inventors: 早田　泰雄; 恭行宮田; 小山　智規; 柴田　泰成; 治人篠田
Original assignee: 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社
Priority date: 2013-11-15
Filing date: 2014-09-10
Publication date: 2015-05-21
Also published as: CN105658772A; KR20170077149A; US20170342337A1; US20160257895A1; CN105658772B; JP2015117373A; KR101813419B1; WO2016076379A1; KR20160064170A; CN107109262A

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to facilitate passing of slag accumulated on a top face of a screen through openings in the screen. A combustor of a gasifier (10) that gasifies a carbon containing fuel is provided with a slag crusher (20) which discharges slag produced in and fallen from the combustor out of the gasifier (10). The slag crusher (20) comprises: a screen (22) which is provided transversely with respect to the fall direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings (30) to allow slag pieces that are smaller than the diameter of the openings (30) to pass through the screen (22); a spreader (24) which moves along the top face of the screen (22) and crushes the slag accumulated on the top face of the screen (22); and a nozzle (26) which emits high pressure water onto the slag accumulated on the screen (22).

Description

Slag discharging apparatus and slag discharging method

The present invention relates to a slag discharging apparatus and a slag discharging method.

At the lower part of the gasifier for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel such as coal, there is provided an ash hopper for collecting slag (molten slag) generated and dropped by the combustor (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

The ash hopper is provided with a slag crusher provided with a screen and a spreader. The slag falling from the combustor is rapidly cooled and solidified with water and falls to the upper surface of the screen provided in the slag crusher.
The screen is provided to intersect the slug falling direction and has a plurality of openings. Thereby, the screen passes slag smaller than the diameter of the opening and drops it to the lower part of the ash hopper.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the screen, slag larger than the diameter of the opening and slag lumps which are deposits of slag smaller than the diameter of the opening are deposited. The slag lumps are bonded by the cross-linking by the frictional force or the powder pressure in the particle layer of the slag.
Then, a spreader provided on the upper surface of the screen moves on the upper surface of the screen by, for example, a hydraulic cylinder, and breaks down the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen by applying a force to pass through the screen.

Slag that has fallen and accumulated from the opening of the screen to the lower part of the ash hopper is discharged from the gasification furnace through the lock hopper to the outside of the system.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 7-247484 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 9-38510

However, even if the spreader is operated, the deposited slag may not be crushed and may only be gathered in the working direction of the slag crusher and not pass through the screen.
Then, the amount of deposited slag on the upper surface of the screen increases, so that the slag may not be discharged from the gasification furnace and the ash hopper may be filled with the slag. In this case, it is difficult to continue the operation of the gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace is to be stopped.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a slag discharge device and a slag discharge method which can more easily pass slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen from the opening of the screen. I assume.

In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the slag discharge device and slag discharge method of the present invention adopt the following means.

The slag discharge device according to the first aspect of the present invention is provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and is a slag discharge device which discharges slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace A screen which is provided to intersect the falling direction of the slag and which has a plurality of openings, and which passes the slag smaller than the diameter of the openings; moving the upper surface of the screen, the screen And crusher means for crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the upper surface, and a jet hole for jetting a liquid pressurized against the slag deposited on the screen.

The slag discharge device according to the present configuration is provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace that gasifies carbon-containing fuel, and discharges slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace.

And a slag discharge device is equipped with a screen which is provided to intersect with the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings. Slag smaller than the diameter of the opening of the screen passes through the opening and drops. On the other hand, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen without passing through the opening is broken by the crushing means moving on the upper surface of the screen.

Here, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes a slag lump in which slag smaller than the diameter of the opening is bonded by the cross-linking by the frictional force or the powder pressure.

In order to remove the deposited slag, a liquid pressurized against the deposited slag on the upper surface of the screen is ejected from the ejection holes. The pressurized liquid is ejected from the particles of the slag bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is broken. As a result, the slag fluidizes slowly from the stationary state. The liquid jetted to the slag is, for example, water.
And the slag which became easy to flow is flowed by the liquid from a jet nozzle. Thereby, the slag falls together with the liquid from the opening of the screen without moving the crushing means. In addition, slag can be easily dropped from the opening also by moving the crushing means.

As described above, this configuration can more easily pass the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen from the opening of the screen.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the jet holes be provided on side walls of the screen erected parallel to the operating direction of the crushing means.

According to this configuration, the pressurized liquid can be ejected easily and uniformly to the deposited slag.

In the first aspect, the ejection hole is preferably provided in the crushing unit.

According to this configuration, since the liquid pressurized more reliably is ejected to the slag crushed by the crushing means, the deposited slag can be crushed more reliably.

In the said 1st aspect, it is preferable that the said crushing means is equipped with the inclined surface forwardly inclined with respect to the crushing direction of the said slag.

According to this configuration, a downward force is applied to the deposited slag, so that the deposited slag can be crushed more reliably.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the ejection holes be provided on the inclined surface and eject the liquid in the direction of the screen.

According to this configuration, a downward force is also applied to the slag to be crushed by the crushing means by the jetted liquid, so that the deposited slag can be crushed more reliably.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the jet holes be provided in the screen.

According to this configuration, the deposition of slag on the upper surface of the screen can be suppressed, and the pressurized liquid can be ejected easily and uniformly to the deposited slag.

In the first aspect, it is preferable that the ejection holes eject gas instead of liquid.

According to this configuration, the gas is ejected from the upper surface of the screen in a state in which the upper surface of the screen is filled with water, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking of the slag is cut by the rise of the air bubbles. Thereby, since the slag is fluidized, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen is more likely to pass through the opening of the screen.

A slag discharge method according to a second aspect of the present invention is a slag discharge device provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and discharging slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace. The method for discharging slag used is to eject pressurized liquid from the jet holes to slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag and having a plurality of openings. The first step, and a crushing step of crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes a second step of moving the upper surface of the screen.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it has the outstanding effect that the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen can be more easily passed through the opening of the screen.

It is a longitudinal section of a gasification furnace concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal section of a slag crusher concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the spreader concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the side view of the spreader concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the plain view of the spreader which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the screen concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the screen concerning the modification of a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the screen which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the screen which concerns on the modification of 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the slag crusher concerning a 5th embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the screen and side wall concerning a 5th embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a slag discharge device and a slag discharge method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment.
The carbon-containing fuel applied to the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment includes heavy fuel such as coal, petroleum coke, coal coke, asphalt, pitch, oil shale, etc., waste tires, plastics, etc. Waste is an example. In the following embodiments, the case where the carbon-containing fuel to be gasified is coal will be described.

In the gasification furnace 10, in the combustor 12 in a high temperature atmosphere at about 1500-1800 ° C. above the ash melting point, pulverized coal supplied from a coal supply facility (not shown) and a dust removing device (not shown) are recovered. The char supplied is reacted with the oxidant. As a result, the pulverized coal is burned at a high temperature in the combustor 12 to generate coal gas, which is a combustible gas, and to generate the slag 14 in which the ash in the pulverized coal is melted.
Then, the high temperature coal gas obtained by the high temperature combustion of the combustor 12 flows into the reductor 16 provided on the upper stage of the combustor 12. Also in the reductor 16, pulverized coal and char are supplied, and the supplied pulverized coal and char are further gasified to generate combustible gas by coal gas. In addition, although the combustor 12 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is a spouted bed type, not only this but a fluidized bed type and a fixed bed type may be sufficient.

At the lower part of the gasification furnace 10, an ash hopper 18 is provided which collects the slag 14 produced and dropped by the combustor 12.
The ash hopper 18 is provided with a slag crusher 20 that crushes the slag 14 and discharges it from the gasification furnace 10.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment.
The slag crusher 20 includes a screen 22, a spreader 24, and a nozzle 26.

The slag 14 falling from the combustor 12 is rapidly cooled and solidified by water (hereinafter referred to as "ash hopper water") ejected from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28, and falls onto the upper surface of the screen 22 provided in the slag crusher 20.

The screen 22 is provided to intersect with the falling direction of the slug 14 and has a plurality of openings 30 and passes the slug 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30. The screen 22 is, for example, a plate-like member having an opening 30.
The slag 14 which has passed through the opening 30 falls to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 together with the ash hopper water. The lock hopper 34 is connected to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 as shown in FIG. 1, and the slag 14 dropped to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 is discharged out of the system through the lock hopper 34.

In addition, the gasification furnace 10 of FIG. 1 employ | adopts the gravity drop system which discharges slag out of the system by dropping slag 14 to lock hopper 34 as an example, but it is not restricted to this, A lateral suction system may be adopted in which the ink is taken out and reused without being dropped to 34.

The spreader 24 moves on the upper surface of the screen 22 by the hydraulic cylinder 36 and breaks up the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22. The position of the spreader 24 shown in FIG. 2 is a standby position before moving the upper surface of the screen 22.
A support plate 38 is provided on the opposite side of the standby position of the spreader 24. That is, the spreader 24 scrapes the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 by moving from the standby position to the backing plate 38. Then, the spreader 24 crushes the deposited slag 14 by sandwiching the slag 14 with the receiving plate 38. A protrusion 40 is provided on the front of the spreader 24 in order to facilitate the crushing of the slag 14.

Moreover, the spreader 24 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is equipped with the inclined surface 24A inclined forward with respect to the crushing direction of the slag 14. As shown in FIG. The inclined surface 24A is provided at the lower portion of the spreader 24. The spreader 24 mainly scrapes the deposited slag 14 by the inclined surface 24A. Above the inclined surface 24A is a vertical surface 24B perpendicular to the screen 22.

Further, the nozzle 26 is an ejection hole for ejecting a liquid pressurized against the slag 14 deposited on the screen 22. The nozzle 26 according to the first embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24. As shown in the front view of the spreader 24 of FIG. 3, the nozzles 26 are horizontally provided on the inclined surface 24A, for example.
The pressurized liquid ejected from the nozzle 26 is, for example, water, but it is not limited to this, and may be any liquid that can cut the crosslinking of the slag 14 as described later. Also, pressurized water is referred to as high pressure water in the following description. The pressure of high pressure water is, for example, 3 to 5 MPa.

A water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28 is branched and connected to the nozzle 26. More specifically, the branched water supply pipe 42 is connected to the high pressure hose 44. The high pressure hose 44 is flexible to accommodate the movement of the spreader 24 and is supported by the high pressure hose receiver 46.
The high pressure hose 44 is connected to the high pressure water header 48. The high pressure water header 48 supplies high pressure water to the plurality of nozzles 26.

Next, the operation of the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment will be described.

The slag 14 produced by the combustor 12 falls on the top surface of the screen 22.

Among the slugs 14 dropped to the upper surface of the screen 22, the slug 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 of the screen 22 passes through the opening 30 and falls to the lower part of the ash hopper 18, that is, the lower part of the gasification furnace 10 .

On the other hand, slag 14 which is larger than the diameter of the opening 30 and slag lumps which are deposits of slag 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 can not pass through the opening 30 and is deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22.
Therefore, the spreader 24 moves the upper surface of the screen 22 from the standby position to the support plate 38 at predetermined time intervals. As a result, the spreader 24 fractures the deposited slag 14 so that the slag 14 can easily pass through the opening 30.

Further, since the spreader 24 according to the first embodiment applies a downward force to the deposited slag 14 by the inclined surface 24A, the deposited slag 14 can be crushed more reliably.

However, slag lumps in which small slags 14 are linked by crosslinking may not be crushed by the spreader 24 and may be gathered in the moving direction of the spreader 24 without passing through the opening 30.
Therefore, high pressure water is jetted from the nozzle 26 provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 toward the slag 14. The high pressure water is ejected to the particles of the slag 14 bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is cut. As a result, the slag 14 fluidizes slowly from the stationary state.

Further, by providing the nozzle 26 on the inclined surface 24A, the high pressure water is more reliably ejected to the slag 14 crushed by the spreader 24, so that the deposited slag 14 can be crushed more reliably.

The high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves.

And the slag 14 which became easy to flow is flowed by the high pressure water which ejects from the nozzle 26. As shown in FIG. As a result, the slag 14 falls together with the high pressure water from the opening 30 of the screen 22 without moving the spreader 24. In addition, the slag 14 is easily dropped from the opening 30 also by moving the spreader 24.

As described above, the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment is provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag 14 and has a plurality of openings 30 and is smaller than the diameter of the openings 30. A spreader 24 for moving the upper surface of the screen 22 and breaking the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22; a nozzle 26 for injecting high pressure water to the slag 14 deposited on the screen 22; And.

Therefore, the slag crusher 20 can more easily pass the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 from the opening 30 of the screen 22. Thereby, even if the slag 14 is deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22, the slag crusher 20 can more reliably discharge the slag 14. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operation of the gasifier 10 from being stopped due to the deposition of the slag 14, and the continuous operation of the gasifier 10 becomes possible.

In addition, although the slag crusher 20 which concerns on the 1st embodiment of this invention equips the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 with the nozzle 26, you may provide the nozzle 26 not only with this but the perpendicular surface 24B of the spreader 24. FIG.

Second Embodiment
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment, as viewed from the side. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment as viewed from the front, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. The same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2 and 3 denote the same parts in FIGS. 4 and 5 as in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The nozzle 26 according to the second embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A and spouts high pressure water in the direction of the screen 22.
As an example, a header 50 is provided inside the spreader 24. A plurality of downwardly directed nozzles 26 are connected to the header 50, and high pressure water is jetted from the nozzles 26 to the upper surface of the screen 22. The high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves. In addition, when the high pressure water header 48 is provided in the slag crusher 20, the header 50 may not be provided.

Thus, the slag crusher 20 according to the second embodiment can crush the deposited slag 14 more reliably because the downward force is applied to the slag 14 crushed by the spreader 24 even by the high pressure water.

Third Embodiment
Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

In the slag crusher 20 according to the third embodiment, the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 for spouting high pressure water.

FIG. 6 is an example of a longitudinal sectional view of the screen 22 according to the third embodiment.
In the example of FIG. 6, the side surface of the opening 30 of the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 to which high pressure water is supplied via the header 62. In the header 62, a water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28 is branched and connected.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen 22 according to a modification of the third embodiment.
In the example of FIG. 7, the top surface of the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 to which high pressure water is supplied via the header 62.

The ejection of high pressure water from the nozzle 60 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves.

In the slag crusher 20 according to the third embodiment, the high pressure water is ejected to the particles of the slag 14 bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is cut. Thereby, the deposited slag 14 becomes easy to fluidize.
Further, high pressure water is spouted from the lower side to the upper side of the screen 22, so that the deposition of the slag 14 on the upper surface of the screen 22 can be suppressed, and the pressurized liquid can be simplified with respect to the deposited slag 14 It can spout uniformly.

Fourth Embodiment
Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

8 and 9 are longitudinal sectional views of the screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment. The same reference numerals as in FIGS. 6 and 7 denote the same parts in FIGS. 8 and 9 as in FIGS.

The screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment ejects high pressure gas (hereinafter referred to as “high pressure gas”) from the nozzle 60 instead of high pressure water. For this reason, the header 62 is connected to a high pressure gas supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure gas.

The high pressure gas may be jetted from the nozzle 60 synchronously with the time interval of movement of the spreader 24 or intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval of movement of the spreader 24.

The upper surface of the screen 22 is filled with water by high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 60 provided to the spreader 24 and water from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28.
Then, in the slag crusher 20 according to the fourth embodiment, bubbles of high pressure gas rise from the upper surface of the screen 22 when the gas is spouted from the upper surface of the screen 22 in a state where water is applied to the upper surface of the screen 22 Do. The rise of the bubbles breaks the bond of the slag 14 due to the crosslinking. For this reason, since the slag 14 is fluidized, the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 can pass through the opening 30 of the screen 22 more easily.

Fifth Embodiment
Hereinafter, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a top view of the slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the screen 22 and the side wall 70 according to the fifth embodiment, and is an AA sectional view of FIG. The same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2 and 3 denote the same parts in FIGS. 10 and 11 as in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment has a nozzle 72 for spouting high pressure water on the side wall 70 of the screen 22 erected in parallel with the operating direction of the spreader 24.
As shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 72 is provided at the lower part of the side wall 70 as an example.

The slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment can eject high pressure water simply and uniformly to the deposited slag 14. Further, since the nozzle 72 is provided on the side wall 70, it can be easily installed on the slag crusher 20.
The high pressure water jetted from the nozzle 72 may be used as the ash hopper water.

As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using said each embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. Various changes or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention, and a mode in which the changes or improvements are added is also included in the technical scope of the present invention. Also, a plurality of the above embodiments may be combined.

For example, in the above embodiments, the spreader 24 moves toward the receiving plate 38. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the spreader 24 is provided instead of the receiving plate 38, The slag 14 may be broken by moving the pair of spreaders 24 on the upper surface of the screen 22.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Gasification furnace 12 Combustor 14 Slag 20 Slag crusher 22 Screen 24 spreader 24A Slope surface 26 nozzle 30 opening part 60 nozzle 70 side wall 72 nozzle

Claims

A slag discharge device provided in a gasifier combustor for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel and discharging slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasifier,
A screen which is provided to intersect the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings, and which allows the slag to pass therethrough which is smaller than the diameter of the opening;
Crushing means for moving the upper surface of the screen and crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen;
An ejection hole for ejecting a liquid pressurized against the slag deposited on the screen;
Slag discharge device equipped with
The slag discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the ejection hole is provided on a side wall of the screen erected in parallel with the operating direction of the crushing means.
The slag discharge device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ejection holes are provided in the crushing means.
The slag discharging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing means includes an inclined surface which is forwardly inclined with respect to the crushing direction of the slag.
The slag discharge device according to claim 4, wherein the ejection holes are provided on the inclined surface and eject liquid in the direction of the screen.
The slag discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the jet holes are provided in the screen.
The slag discharge device according to claim 6, wherein the ejection holes eject gas instead of liquid.
A slag discharge method using a slag discharge device provided in a gasifier combustor for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel and discharging slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasifier,
A first step of jetting a pressurized liquid from the jet holes with respect to the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag and having a plurality of openings;
A second process in which crushing means for crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen moves the upper surface of the screen;
How to discharge slag including