KR101763434B1 - Solar cell and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar cell capable of stably maintaining a photoelectric conversion current output from a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. A solar cell according to the present invention comprises a substrate, current accumulating means formed on the substrate, and a solar cell formed on the current accumulating means.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell, and more particularly, to a solar cell capable of stably maintaining a photoelectric conversion current output from a solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same.

A device that produces electric power using solar energy is generally referred to as a solar cell or a solar cell. Solar cells can be classified into silicon, compound, CIGS, dye-sensitized, and organic solar cell depending on the structure and operation method.

The above-described conventional solar cell has a structure for photoelectric conversion, and an electrode layer is formed on the upper and lower sides of the structure. In the solar cell having such a structure, electrons obtained in the photoelectric conversion structure are supplied to the outside through one electrode layer, and electrons are supplemented through the other electrode layer in the structure in which electrons are emitted. And this operation is continuously executed, so that current is continuously output from the solar cell.

However, since the conventional solar cell is configured to continuously output the photoelectric conversion current to the outside, there is a problem that the amount of output current is continuously fluctuated according to the variation of the amount of light incident on the solar cell.

In addition, even in the case of a load operating on the basis of the power obtained from the solar cell in combination with the solar battery, the power consumption is constantly and instantaneously changed depending on the operating environment or the situation without consuming a constant current.

Therefore, there is a need for a means capable of stably supplying the current to the outside stably corresponding to the power consumption of the load or the current generation amount of the solar cell.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a solar cell capable of stably supplying current to an external load, and a manufacturing method thereof, which are created in view of the above circumstances.

A solar cell according to a first aspect of the present invention for realizing the above object comprises a substrate, current accumulating means formed on the substrate, and a solar cell formed on the current accumulating means .

Further, the current accumulating means is a capacitor.

And the solar cell and the current storing means are electrically connected in parallel.

A solar cell according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer formed on the dielectric layer, An insulating layer formed on the electrode layer, a third electrode layer formed on the insulating layer, a photoelectric conversion layer formed on the third electrode layer, and a fourth electrode layer formed on the photoelectric conversion layer, .

And the first electrode layer is electrically coupled to the third or fourth electrode layer.

And the second electrode layer is electrically coupled to the third or fourth electrode layer.

And the substrate is paper.

And the dielectric layer is made of a ferroelectric material.

And the ferroelectric material is an inorganic ferroelectric material.

The ferroelectric material may further include iron.

And the ferroelectric material is a mixture of an inorganic ferroelectric material and an organic ferroelectric material.

A solar cell according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer formed on the dielectric layer, A photoelectric conversion layer formed on the upper side of the electrode layer, and a third electrode layer formed on the upper side of the photoelectric conversion layer.

And the first electrode layer and the third electrode layer are electrically coupled to each other.

And the dielectric layer is made of a ferroelectric material.

And the ferroelectric material is a ferroelectric inorganic material.

And the ferroelectric material is a mixture of a ferroelectric organic material and a ferroelectric inorganic material.

And the substrate is paper.

A solar cell according to a fourth aspect of the present invention comprises a substrate, a solar cell formed on the substrate, and a current accumulating means formed on the lower side of the substrate.

And the current storage means comprises a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the dielectric layer.

And the solar cell and the current storing means are electrically connected in parallel.

And the dielectric layer is made of a ferroelectric material.

And the ferroelectric material is a ferroelectric inorganic material.

And the ferroelectric material is a mixture of a ferroelectric inorganic material and a ferroelectric organic material.

And the substrate is paper.

A solar cell according to a fifth aspect of the present invention comprises a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the electrolyte layer, A porous layer on which the dye is adsorbed, and a second electrode layer formed on the porous layer.

And the substrate is paper.

And the dielectric layer is a ferroelectric material.

And the ferroelectric material is a ferroelectric inorganic material.

And the ferroelectric material is a mixture of a ferroelectric inorganic material and a ferroelectric organic material.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a solar cell, comprising the steps of preparing a substrate, forming a first electrode layer on the substrate, forming a dielectric layer on the first electrode layer Forming a second electrode layer on the dielectric layer, forming an insulating layer on the second electrode layer, forming a third electrode layer on the insulating layer, forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the third electrode layer, And a step of forming a fourth electrode layer on the photoelectric conversion layer.

And the substrate is paper, and the first electrode layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.

And the formation of the first electrode layer is performed by an inkjet method.

The dielectric forming step may include forming a mixed solution by mixing the ferroelectric inorganic material and the ferroelectric organic material, and applying the mixed solution to the first electrode layer through an inkjet method.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a solar cell, comprising: preparing a substrate; forming a first electrode layer on the substrate; forming a dielectric layer on the first electrode layer Forming a second electrode layer on the dielectric layer, forming a photoelectric conversion layer on the second electrode layer, and forming a third electrode layer on the photoelectric conversion layer. .

And the substrate is paper, and the first electrode layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.

And the formation of the first electrode layer is performed by an inkjet method.

The dielectric forming step may include forming a mixed solution by mixing the ferroelectric inorganic material and the ferroelectric organic material, and applying the mixed solution to the first electrode layer through an inkjet method.

A method of manufacturing a solar cell according to an eighth aspect of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a substrate, forming a first electrode layer on one side of the substrate, Forming a photoelectric conversion layer, preparing a second electrode layer on the photoelectric conversion layer, forming a third electrode layer on the other side of the substrate, forming a dielectric layer on the second electrode layer, And forming a fourth electrode layer on the dielectric layer.

The substrate is made of paper, and the third electrode layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.

And the formation of the first electrode layer is performed by an inkjet method.

The dielectric forming step may include forming a mixed solution by mixing the ferroelectric inorganic material and the ferroelectric organic material, and applying the mixed solution to the first electrode layer through an inkjet method.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a solar cell, comprising the steps of: preparing a lower substrate; forming a first electrode layer on the substrate; Forming an upper substrate, forming a second electrode layer on the upper substrate, and forming a porous layer on the second electrode layer to absorb the dye Forming an upper layer structure including the lower structure and the upper structure, and injecting an electrolyte into the gap between the lower structure and the upper structure to form an electrolyte layer.

And the substrate is paper, and the first electrode layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.

And the formation of the first electrode layer is performed by an inkjet method.

The dielectric forming step may include forming a mixed solution by mixing the ferroelectric inorganic material and the ferroelectric organic material, and applying the mixed solution to the first electrode layer through an inkjet method.

According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the current output from the solar cell is always stably maintained.

Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining a basic concept of the present invention. Fig.
2 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a solar cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
3 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a solar cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
5 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below represent one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and examples of such embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be variously modified without departing from the technical idea thereof.

1 is a configuration diagram of a solar cell for explaining the basic concept of the present invention.

1, reference numeral 10 denotes a substrate. A current accumulating means 20 is provided on the substrate 10 and a solar cell 30 is provided on the upper side of the current accumulating means 20. [ The current accumulating means 20 is for accumulating the current generated in the solar cell 30. The solar cell 30 may be any type of currently available solar cell such as silicon, compound, CIGS, dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, or the like.

In the above structure, the current generated in the solar cell 30 is stored in the current accumulating means 20 and provided as an external load. The current stored in the solar cell 30 is stably maintained by charging and discharging the current accumulating means 20 in accordance with the current usage of the external load or the current generation amount of the solar cell 30.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a solar cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which realizes the structure shown in Fig. In Fig. 2, parts corresponding to those in Fig. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

2, the current storing means 20 is composed of a capacitor including a lower electrode layer 21, a dielectric layer 22, and an upper electrode layer 23. [

In Fig. 2, the substrate 10 may be made of an organic material such as general Si, Ge wafer, glass, or plastic having flexibility.

Examples of organic materials usable herein include polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyether sulfone (PES), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (TP), polyarylate (PAR), polyacetal (POM), polyvinylidene chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), ethylene copolymer, polypropylene ), Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) (PS), an AS resin, an ABS resin, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a fluororesin, a phenol resin (PF), a melamine resin (MF), a urea resin (UF), an unsaturated polyester (EP), diallyl phthalate resin (DAP), polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), silicone resin (SI) Water can be used.

 The substrate 10 may be paper or paper coated with a coating material such as parylene or paper coated with heat resistant material such as silicon or the like.

A lower electrode layer 21 is formed on the substrate 10 by a well-known method. The lower electrode layer 21 is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, aluminum, platinum, indium tin compound (ITO), strontium titanate compound (SrTiO ₃ ), other conductive metal oxides and their alloys and compounds or conductive polymers A mixture or compound such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), or a material such as a multilayered material may be used.

Next, a dielectric layer 3 is formed on the lower electrode layer 21. At this time, as the dielectric layer 3, a ferroelectric material can be preferably used. As the ferroelectric substance, an oxide ferroelectric, a fluoride ferroelectric such as BMF (BaMgF ₄ ), an inorganic ferroelectric such as a ferroelectric semiconductor, and an organic ferroelectric such as a polymer ferroelectric can be used.

Examples of the oxide ferroelectric material include perovskite ferroelectrics such as PZT (PbZr _x Ti _1-x O ₃ ), BaTiO ₃ and PbTiO ₃ , pseudo-ilmenite ferroelectrics such as LiNbO ₃ and LiTaO ₃ , SBT (SrBi ₂ Ta ₂ O ₉ ), BLT ((Bi, La) ₄ Ti ₃ O ₁₂ ) such as PbNb ₃ O ₆ and Ba ₂ NaNb ₅ O ₁₅ , Bi ₄ Ti ₃ O Pyro, such as ferroelectric and La ₂ Ti ₂ O ₇ of the bismuth layer structure, such as claws ₁₂ uh (Pyrochlore), such as ferroelectric and including a solid solution (固溶體) of these ferroelectric Y, Er, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu And RMnO ₃ , PGO (Pb ₅ Ge ₃ O ₁₁ ), and BFO (BiFeO ₃ ), which contain rare earth element (R).

Examples of the ferroelectric semiconductor include CdZnTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdMnS, CdFeS, CdMnSe, and CdFeSe.

Examples of the polymeric ferroelectric material include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a polymer, a copolymer or a terpolymer containing the PVDF, and an odd number of nylon, a cyano polymer, Coalescence and so on.

The ferroelectric substance may be a mixture of a ferroelectric inorganic material and an organic material, a mixture of a ferroelectric inorganic material and a ferroelectric organic material, a mixture of a solid solution and an organic material of a ferroelectric inorganic material, a mixture of a ferroelectric inorganic material and a solid solution ferroelectric material, A mixture of a metal such as Fe, a silicide, or a silicate may be used.

Further, it is preferable to use, as the ferroelectric substance, a mixture in which a metal such as Fe is mixed with a ferroelectric inorganic substance such as PZT.

The organic material mixed with the ferroelectric inorganic material may be a general monomer, an oligomer, a polymer, or a copolymer, preferably an organic material having a high dielectric constant.

Examples of organic materials having a high dielectric constant include polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), epoxy, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyimide Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyhexamethylene adipamide (66), and polyketone ketone (PEKK).

Examples of the organic material to be mixed with the ferroelectric water include fluorinated para-xylene, fluoropolyarylether, fluorinated polyimide, polystyrene, poly (? -Methylstyrene poly (? -methyl styrene), poly (? -vinylnaphthalene), poly (vinyltoluene), polyethylene, cis-polybutadiene polybutylene, polypropylene, polyisoprene, poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene) ), Poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene), poly (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), poly (p-xylylene) Poly (p-xylylene), poly (α-α'-α'-tetrafluoro-p-xylylene) xylylene), poly [1,1- (2-methylpropane) bis (4- (2-methyl propane) bis (4-phenyl) carbonate], poly (cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly (cyclohexyl methacrylate) chlorostyrene), poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), polyisobutylene, poly (vinylcyclohexyl) Non-polar organic materials such as poly (vinyl cyclohexane), poly (arylene ether) and polyphenylene, poly (ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene) tetrafluoroethylene), poly (ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene), fluorinated ethylene / propylene copolymer, polystyrene-co-alpha-methylstyrene copolymer, α-methyl styrene, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, poly (styrene / 10% butadiene), poly (styrene / (Styrene / 15% butadiene), poly (styrene / 2,4-dimethylstyrene), Cytop, Teflon AF, polypropylene- And low-permittivity copolymers such as polypropylene-co-1-butene may be used.

In addition, other conjugated hydrocarbon polymers such as polyacene, polyphenylene, poly (phenylene vinylene), and polyfluorene, and oligomers of such conjugated hydrocarbons ; Condensed aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene, tetracene, chrysene, pentacene, pyrene, perylene, and coronene; oligomeric para-substitution such as p-quaterphenyl (p-4P), p-quinquephenyl (p-5P), p-sexiphenyl Oligomeric para substituted phenylenes; Poly (3-substituted thiophene), poly (3,4-bisubstituted thiophene), polybenzothiophene), poly But are not limited to, polyisothianaphthene, poly (N-substituted pyrrole), poly (3-substituted pyrrole), poly (3,4- poly (3,4-bisubstituted pyrrole), polyfuran, polypyridine, poly-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, Poly (2-substituted aniline), poly (3-substituted aniline) (poly (N-substituted aniline) (3-substituted aniline), poly (2,3-bisubstituted aniline), polyazulene, polypyrene, and the like; Pyrazoline compounds; Polyselenophene; Polybenzofuran; Polyindole; Polypyridazine; Benzidine compounds; Stilbene compounds; Triazines; Substituted metal-or-metal-free porphines, phthalocyanines, fluorophthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines or fluoronaphthalocyanines; C ₆₀ and C ₇₀ fullerenes; N, N'-dialkyl, substituted dialkyl, diaryl or substituted diaryl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (N, diaryl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide) and fluorinated derivatives thereof; N, N'-dialkyl, substituted dialkyl, diaryl or substituted diaryl 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (N, N'-dialkyl, substituted dialkyl, diaryl or substituted diaryl 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide); Bathophenanthroline; Diphenoquinones; 1,3,4-oxadiazoles; 11,11,12,12-tetracyanonaptho-2,6-quinodimethane; α, α'-bis (dithieno [3,2-b2 ', 3'-d] thiophene) ); Dialkyl, substituted dialkyl, diaryl or substituted diaryl anthradithiophene); a substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl, substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl; Bibenzo [1,2-b: 4,5-b '] dithiophene) and the like, Semi-conducting materials, compounds thereof, oligomers and compound derivatives, and the like can be used.

An upper electrode layer 23 is formed on the dielectric layer 22. The upper electrode layer 23 may be formed of, for example, gold, silver, aluminum, platinum, indium tin compounds (ITO), strontium titanate compounds (SrTiO ₃ ), other conductive metal oxides and their alloys and compounds or conductive polymers A mixture or compound such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), or a material such as a multilayered material may be used.

An insulating layer 40 is formed on the upper electrode layer 23 and a solar cell 30 is provided on the insulating layer 40. The solar cell 30 includes a lower electrode layer 31, a photoelectric conversion layer 32, and an upper electrode layer 33 as is well known.

The upper electrode layer 33 is electrically coupled to the upper electrode layer 23 of the capacitor 20 and the lower electrode layer 31 is electrically coupled to the lower electrode layer 23 of the capacitor 20, . It is also preferable that such electrical coupling is made externally using a conductive line.

It is also preferable that the upper electrode layer 33 and the lower electrode layer 21 of the capacitor 20 are electrically coupled and the lower electrode layer 33 is electrically coupled to the upper electrode layer 23 of the capacitor 20 can do.

In this structure, the solar cell 30 and the capacitor 20 are connected in parallel. Accordingly, the current generated in the solar cell 30 is charged in the capacitor 20 formed at the lower part, and the current thus charged is supplied to the external load along with the current generated in the solar cell 30. Therefore, the current output from the solar cell 30 can be maintained stably at all times.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

3, the insulating layer 40 is removed in FIG. 2, and the lower electrode layer 31 of the solar cell 30 is used together with the upper electrode layer of the capacitor 20.

3, the upper electrode layer 33 of the solar cell 30 may be electrically coupled to the lower electrode layer 21 of the capacitor 20. The other parts are substantially the same as those in FIG. 2, and therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the solar cell 30 is formed on the upper side of the substrate 10, and the current accumulating means, that is, the capacitor 20 is formed on the lower side of the substrate 10. Since the other parts are substantially the same as those in FIG. 2, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 5 shows a case where the present invention is applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell.

In Fig. 5, reference numeral 51 denotes a substrate. As the substrate 51, an organic material such as Si, Ge wafer, glass, flexible plastic, or paper may be used.

On the substrate 51, a lower electrode layer 52 composed of a conductive inorganic material or a mixture of a conductive inorganic material and a conductive organic material is formed. On the upper side of the lower electrode layer 52, a dielectric layer 53 composed of a dielectric material, preferably a ferroelectric material, is formed as a current accumulation layer.

On the dielectric layer 53, a porous layer 55 and an upper electrode layer 56 are formed on which an electrolyte layer 54 and a dye are adsorbed, as in a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell. Although not shown specifically in the drawing, an upper substrate made of, for example, tempered glass is provided on the upper electrode layer 56.

A conductive layer made of, for example, platinum may be provided between the dielectric layer 53 and the electrolyte layer 54.

In this embodiment, when sunlight is incident from the outside, electrons are emitted while the dye adsorbed on the porous layer 55 is excited. If the solar cell is connected to an external load, the generated electrons are transferred to the load through the upper electrode layer 56. However, when the solar cell is not connected to an external load, electrons generated in the dye are transferred to the dielectric layer 53 through the electrolyte layer 54 and accumulated in the dielectric layer 53. Of course, the electrons accumulated in the dielectric layer 53 as such are then supplied to the dye through the electrolyte layer 54.

When the solar cell according to the present embodiment is manufactured, a lower structure including the substrate 51, the lower electrode layer 52, and the dielectric layer 53 is first formed, and the porous layer 55 is formed by a conventional method. And the upper electrode layer 56. Then, the lower structure and the upper structure are combined with each other while injecting the electrolyte into the gap between the lower structure and the upper structure.

The embodiments according to the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

For example, although the capacitor is described as an example of the current storing means in the above-described embodiment, any structure capable of charging and discharging electrons can be used as the current storing means.

10: substrate, 20: current accumulating means,
30: Solar cell.

Claims (45)

delete delete delete delete A substrate;
A first electrode layer formed on the substrate,
A dielectric layer formed on the first electrode layer,
An electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric layer,
A porous layer formed on the electrolyte layer and adsorbing the dye,
And a second electrode layer formed on the porous layer,
The substrate is paper,
The first electrode layer may be formed by a vacuum deposition method or an inkjet method,
The dielectric layer may be formed of a perovskite ferroelectric, a pseudo-ilmenite, a tungsten-bronze (TB) ferroelectric, a ferroelectric of a bismuth layer structure, a pyrochlore ferroelectric and a rare earth element (R) Wherein the photovoltaic cell is made of a material selected from the group consisting of MgO, PGO (Pb5Ge3O11) and BFO (BiFeO3).
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