KR101596794B1 - Apparatus for measuring heating value and method of measuring heating value - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus comprising: a measuring unit having at least one thermoelectric element provided on a target heating element so as to be able to conduct heat; A heat insulating case enclosing a region excluding one side of the target heat generating element to which the thermoelectric element is contacted so that heat generated from the target heat generating element is transmitted to the outside through the thermoelectric element; And a control operation unit for controlling the temperature of the target heating element to a predetermined temperature condition by lowering the temperature of the thermoelectric element by applying a predetermined electric power to the thermoelectric element and calculating a total amount of electric power used for temperature control of the target heating element The present invention provides a calorific value measuring device including
Preparing the target heating element in the heating target; The temperature of the target heating element changes due to the generation of heat in the target heating element; The heat generated from the target heating element is transmitted to the heat transfer unit via the thermoelectric element; Monitoring the temperature of the thermoelectric element in the measurement unit and transmitting the temperature data to the control operation unit; Calculating a power to be applied to the thermoelectric element in order to control the temperature of the target heating element to a predetermined temperature condition in the control operation part, applying power to the thermoelectric element through the power supply device, And calculating a calorific value of the target heating element.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a calorific value and a method for measuring a calorific value,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a calorific value measurement device and a calorific value measurement method for a target object generating heat, and more particularly, to a calorific value measurement device and a calorific value measurement method for a small- .

Due to the high performance and high integration of lighting devices, mobile devices and computers using lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles, LEDs, and semiconductor devices, the heat generated in the equipment increases the temperature of parts and equipment, , Shortening the life span, and the like.

As part of our efforts to maximize heat dissipation within a defined area or space, we are working on developing excellent thermal materials and designing mechanisms. Therefore, although it is very important in industry to evaluate the heat generation characteristics of the heat generation materials and devices, there is a lack of a measurement method and apparatus capable of efficiently evaluating the heat generation characteristics.

Even with the same exothermic material or exothermic package, it exhibits very contradictory characteristics depending on the measuring device used and the measurement conditions. Currently, methods for evaluating the heat generation characteristics include a method of measuring the thermal conductivity of a material and a method of measuring a thermal resistance at a junction interface in an LED (light emitting diode) or a semiconductor package . In actuality, it is difficult to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results because different data are displayed depending on the measuring apparatus and measurement conditions in evaluating the heat generating ability of the heat generating material and various packages in the industrial field or the laboratory.

In addition, in the case of a conventional heat measuring apparatus, a relatively long time is required for measuring the heat generation, and most of the devices are suitable for measuring a high heat generation amount. Therefore, it is not suitable for measuring the calorific value varying in small, medium, or short time units.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2014-0025758 (Apr.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for measuring a calorific value of a heating element having a small or medium size by taking advantage of advantages of a quick response characteristic of a thermoelectric element and reliability of a thermoelectric element . However, these problems are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat generating apparatus comprising: a measuring unit having at least one thermoelectric element provided on a target heat generating element so as to be capable of heat conduction; A heat insulating case enclosing a region excluding one side of the target heat generating element to which the thermoelectric element is contacted so that heat generated from the target heat generating element is transmitted to the outside through the thermoelectric element; And a control operation unit for controlling the temperature of the target heating element to a predetermined temperature condition by lowering the temperature of the thermoelectric element by applying a predetermined electric power to the thermoelectric element and calculating a total amount of electric power used for temperature control of the target heating element .

And a heat transfer part arranged to be in direct contact with the thermoelectric element so that heat generated from the target heat generating element is transferred through the thermoelectric element.

Wherein the calorific value of the target heat generator is calculated by the control calculation unit according to the following equation (1).

[Equation 1]

(Here, the Q _pump is the heating value of the target heating-element, the k _1, k _2, k ₃ is a model coefficient, wherein I is the current consumed by the thermoelectric element, and the T _cool is the thermoelectric element T _hot is the contact surface temperature between the thermoelectric element and the target heat generating element,

The thermoelectric elements may be disposed in contact with each other without being separated from the heat transfer part.

The heat transfer part may include a heat dissipation structure disposed in direct contact with the thermoelectric element and having at least one of a thermal pad, a thermal grease, and a heat sink.

The heat transfer unit may further include a cooling device disposed on the heat dissipation structure and having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan.

The heat transfer unit may include a cooling device disposed in direct contact with the thermoelectric element and having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan.

The target heating element may include one of structures that can be brought into contact with the thermoelectric element so as to be thermally conductive.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring a calorific value, comprising: preparing the target calorific material in the calorific value measurement apparatus; The temperature of the target heating element changes due to the generation of heat in the target heating element; The heat generated from the target heating element is transmitted to the heat transfer unit via the thermoelectric element; Monitoring the temperature of the thermoelectric element in the measurement unit and transmitting the temperature data to the control operation unit; Calculating a power to be applied to the thermoelectric element in order to control the temperature of the target heating element to a predetermined temperature condition in the control operation part, applying power to the thermoelectric element through the power supply device, And calculating a calorific value of the target heating element.

According to an embodiment of the present invention as described above, a calorific value measuring device and a calorific value measuring method are provided. It is possible to more precisely and quickly measure the calorific value of the lithium ion battery and the semiconductor chip for electric vehicles by using the characteristic formula of the thermoelectric element.

Further, there is no need to add a separate structure, so that the structure is simple, and an economical effect of relatively low manufacturing cost can be obtained. Of course, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring a calorific value using a calorific value measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring a calorific value according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a calorific value measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a perspective view schematically showing components of a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a calorific value measuring device incorporating components of the calorific value measuring device of FIG. 5;
7 is a photograph showing a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8A to 8C are diagrams showing results of calorific value measurement data according to an experimental example of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, Is provided to fully inform the user. Also, for convenience of explanation, the components may be exaggerated or reduced in size.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring a calorific value using a calorific value measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a calorific value measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows. A step (S10) of preparing a target heating element inside the calorific value measurement apparatus, a step (S20) of changing the temperature of the target heating element due to the generation of heat in the target heating element, the heat generated from the target heating element is transmitted to the heat transfer part In operation S30, the measuring unit monitors the temperature of the thermoelectric element and transmits the temperature data of the thermoelectric element to the control operation unit. In operation S40, the control operation unit calculates the power to be applied to the thermoelectric element, And calculating a calorific value of the target heating element (S50).

A detailed description of each step of the calorific value measurement method of the target calorific material will be described later with reference to Figs. 2 to 6 showing the configuration of the calorific value measurement apparatus.

2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 2, the solid line in Fig. 2 shows the flow of electrical signals, and the dotted line in Fig. 2 shows the heat flow. The calorific value measurement device 1 can be largely constituted by the measurement part 10 and the control calculation part 20. [ The temperature of the thermoelectric element 14 that is in direct contact with the target heat generating element 12 can be monitored by monitoring the temperature of the thermoelectric element 14, And a heat conduction unit 15 for preventing the temperature sensor 18 and the thermoelectric element 14 from overheating and improving the thermal conductivity.

The temperature sensor 18 may be installed at either the top or the bottom of the thermoelectric element, or may be installed at a position where temperature sensing is possible or may be installed at both the top and bottom of the thermoelectric device.

The control operation unit 20 includes a control unit 22 for controlling power supply to be supplied to the thermoelectric elements 14 based on the measured temperature data of the thermoelectric elements 14, A DAQ module 26 for storing or processing the temperature data of the thermoelectric element 14 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and a thermoelectric element 14 for storing the temperature data of the thermoelectric element 14 measured by the temperature sensor 18, And a power supply 28 for supplying power.

The method of measuring the calorific value by the configuration of the calorific value measurement apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2 will be described in detail as follows. First, the target heat emitting body 12 is placed in the measurement section 10 of the calorific value measurement apparatus 1. The target heating element 12 may include one of structures that can be brought into contact with the thermoelectric element so as to be capable of conducting heat, and may include one of, for example, a lithium ion battery for an electric vehicle or a semiconductor chip.

When the target heating element 12 starts to generate heat in the closed measuring part 10, heat can be conducted to the thermoelectric element 14 provided to the target heating element 12 so as to be able to conduct heat. The temperature of the lower surface of the thermoelectric element 14 may be increased by the heat, and the temperature of the upper surface of the thermoelectric element 14 may be relatively lower. It is possible to dispose the thermoelectric conversion element 15 so as to contact the thermoelectric conversion element 14 in order to prevent the thermoelectric conversion element 14 from being overheated and to sense the temperature change more rapidly by increasing the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion element 14, .

At this time, the temperature of the upper portion or the lower portion of the thermoelectric element 14 can be monitored by the temperature sensor 18. The temperature sensor 18 may use, for example, resistance temperature detectors. The resistance temperature sensor is the sensor used to measure the temperature by the resistance value of the device, and most resistance temperature sensors are wrapped with a ceramic or glass core. The resistance element is generally very unstable, so cover it with a cover to protect the resistance element.

In addition, the resistance temperature sensor is relatively more accurate than other temperature sensors, is excellent in stability and repeatability, and is not affected by electrical noise, making it suitable for use in applications requiring precise temperature measurement.

The temperature data of the thermoelectric element 14 measured by the temperature sensor 18 is stored and processed in the DAQ module 26. [ The temperature data stored in the DAQ module 26 is transferred to the control unit 22 and the operation unit 24 to help the next process proceed.

First, an operation unit 24 calculates an amount of power to be applied to the thermoelectric element 14 based on the temperature data transmitted to the control unit 22 in order to control the temperature of the target heat emitting body 12 to a predetermined temperature condition. Power can be applied to the thermoelectric element 14 through the power supply unit 28 in the control unit 22 as much as the calculated power amount.

The temperature of the thermoelectric element 14 may be lowered by the applied electric power, and the heat may move depending on the amount of consumed electric power. Therefore, the constant temperature state of the target heating element 12 can be maintained, and the heat generated from the target heating element 12 can be continuously transmitted to the outside along the thermoelectric element 14. [

At the same time, the calculation unit 24 calculates the total amount of power consumed by the thermoelectric elements 14 to calculate the calorific value of the target heating body 12. [ By repeating this series of processes several times, the calorific value of the target heat emitting body 12 can be accurately measured. The calorific value of the target heat emission element 12 calculated by the calculation section 24 can be calculated by the following equation (1).

[Equation 1]

(Wherein, the Q _pump is the heating value of the target heating element _{(12), k 1, k} 2, k 3 is a model coefficient, I is the current consumed by the thermal element (14), T _cool is the thermal element (14 And T _hot is the temperature of the contact surface between the thermoelectric element 14 and the target heat generating element 12)

( ₁ ) is a value representing the cooling performance of the thermoelectric element 14 in the case of the first term k ₁ I _TEM on the right side of the equation (1), and the second term k _In the case of ₂ I ² _TEM , the value is a value indicating the self-heating of the thermoelectric element 14. Finally, in the case of the third term k ₃ (T _cool -T _hot ) on the right side, it is a value by conduction.

Here, when the model coefficients k ₁ , k ₂ , and k ₃ are obtained through calibration, when the thermoelectric element 14 constantly controls the temperature of the target heat emitting body 12, The calorific value of the heating element 12 can be calculated inversely. A method of obtaining the model coefficient will be described later with reference to Figs. 8A to 8C.

3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an apparatus for measuring a calorific value according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the apparatus for measuring a calorific value according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a target heating element 12 in a heat insulating structure 34. It is possible to arrange the thermoelectric element 14 on the target heat emitting body 12 so as to allow heat conduction and to form the temperature sensor 18 between the target heat emitting body 12 and the thermoelectric element 14. [

The thermally conductive member 15 can be formed on the thermoelectric element 14 and the temperature sensor 18 can be formed between the thermoelectric element 14 and the thermally conductive member 15. [ The heat conduction part 15 can be largely divided into a cooling device 36 or a heat radiation structure. The heat-radiating structure may include at least one of a thermal pad, a thermal grease, and a heat sink, for example. In addition, the cooling device 36 may include at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan. The heat conduction unit 15 may include one of a cooling device and a heat dissipation structure. However, a plurality of the cooling devices or the heat dissipation structure may be connected to further improve the thermal conductivity to further cool the thermoelectric device.

For example, the heat dissipation structure having at least one of a thermal pad, a thermal grease, and a heat sink may be disposed directly on the thermoelectric element 14, The cooling device having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan may be disposed in direct contact with the cooling device. The cooling device may further include a cooling device disposed on the thermoelectric element 14 so as to be in direct contact with the heat-radiating structure and having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan. In all three cases, it is possible to prevent the thermoelectric element 14 from being overheated and damaged. When the heat radiating structure and the cooling device are both configured, the thermal conductivity of the calorific value measuring device is further improved, You can do it quickly.

The heat conduction unit 15 also functions to control the temperature between the heat conduction unit 15 and the target heat emitting body 12 to an appropriate temperature. The inside of the measuring portion 10 is not overheated by the heat conduction portion 15, which helps to measure a high accuracy heat generation amount from the characteristic formula of the thermoelectric element 14. [

The heat conduction unit 15 may operate only when the target heat generating element 12 or the thermoelectric element 14 is overheated to a predetermined temperature or more. On the contrary, when the heat conduction unit 15 is always operated, The temperature of the target heat emitting body 12 can be lowered before the heat generation amount of the heat generating body 12 is accurately calculated. In this case, the calorific value of the target heating element 12 can be compared with a relative value.

4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a calorific value measuring apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

2 and 4, the target heating element 12 may be located at the center of the calorific value measurement device 1. [ At this time, the thermoelectric elements 14 can directly contact the upper and lower surfaces of the target heat emitting body 12. All the regions other than the region where the thermoelectric element is in contact so that the heat generated from the target heat emitting body 12 is transmitted through the thermoelectric element 14 can be blocked by the heat insulating case 34. [ Further, the thermally conductive member can be disposed in direct contact with the thermoelectric element 14 to further improve the thermal conductivity transmitted from the thermoelectric element.

A temperature sensor 18 may be formed between the target heating element 12 and the thermoelectric element 14 and a cable may be formed to apply electric power to the thermoelectric element 14. [ For example, when heat is generated in the target heat generating element 12, the heat generated in the target heat generating element 12 can be transmitted to the outside through the thermoelectric element 14 in the arrow direction of Q. [ The temperature data is transmitted to the DAQ module 26 and the temperature data is transmitted from the DAQ module 26 to the control unit 22 and the operation unit 24 from the temperature sensor 18, Data is transmitted.

The calculation unit 24 calculates the amount of power to be applied to the thermoelectric element 14 and then the control unit 22 can apply electric power to the thermoelectric element 14 through the power supply unit 28. [ The temperature of the thermoelectric element 14 is lowered by the applied electric power and it is possible to control the temperature of the target heat generating element 12 to a predetermined temperature condition.

The control operation unit 20 controls the temperature of the target heating body 12 to a predetermined temperature condition through a series of processes so that the operation amount of the electric power supplied from the electric power supply unit 28 or the amount of electric power It is possible to calculate the calorific value of the target heating element 12 by measuring the total amount of power consumed in the element 14. [

5 is a perspective view schematically showing components of a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a calorific value measuring device incorporating components of the calorific value measuring device of FIG. 5;

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, components of the calorific value measurement device 1 will be described below. A frame 30 capable of supporting the calorific value measurement device may be formed at the lower end. Over which the insulator 32 can be assembled on the frame. The insulator 32 can serve as a secondary protection function of the heat insulating case for blocking heat transmitted from the calorific value measuring device.

The heat insulating case 34 can be coupled onto the insulator 32. [ For example, Teflon may be used as the heat insulating case 34. [ The structure of the heat insulating case (34) surrounds at least a part of the heat generating element (12). This is because all the regions other than the region where the thermoelectric element 14 is in contact with the target heat generating element 12 and the thermoelectric element 14 provided with heat conduction so that the heat can be transmitted to the outside can be all performed by the heat insulating case 34 Can be blocked.

The target heat generating element 12 may be located inside the heat insulating case 34 and at least one thermoelectric element 14 may be disposed on the upper side of the heat generating element 12 so as to be in contact with each other without being separated from each other. In addition, the thermoelectric elements 14 can be disposed in contact with each other without being separated from the heat radiating structural body 16. The cooling device 36 may be disposed on the heat-radiating structure 16 to improve the cooling performance.

6 is a schematic diagram of a calorific value measuring apparatus 10 in which all of the above-described components are combined. The measuring unit 10 including the target heating body 12 and the thermoelectric elements 14 is a structure that is hermetically sealed from the outside Can be confirmed.

7 is a photograph showing a calorific value measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, a heat insulating case 34 is disposed at a lower end portion, a frame 30 is formed at an edge of the heat insulating case 34, It is possible to see the calorific value measurement device 1 in which the cooling device 36 is formed on the upper part of the heat insulating case 34. [

[Experimental Example]

A battery is disposed inside the calorific value measurement device (1). And is used to control the temperature of the thermoelectric element 14 by using the PID controller. Referring to Equation (1), the difference between the current consumed by the battery and the temperature is measured, and the k1, k2, and k3 model coefficients are experimentally obtained using ten reference calorific values. The calculated model coefficient is applied to compare the amount of power consumed in the actual thermoelectric device with the estimated calorific value.

At this time, assuming that all the heat generated in the battery escapes to the outside, the temperature of the battery can be constantly controlled by using the thermoelectric element 14. The calorific value of the battery can be measured by calculating the amount of power consumed in cooling the thermoelectric element 14 to control the temperature of the battery constantly.

Reference heating value (W) Current consumed in the thermoelectric device (A) Temperature difference (℃) One 0.5 0.1173 1.887 2 One 0.1805 2.233 3 1.5 0.2644 3.080 4 2 0.3507 3.996 5 2.5 0.4539 5.040 6 3 0.5528 6.240 7 3.5 0.6793 7.656 8 4 0.8029 9.440 9 4.5 0.9530 11.31 10 5 1.1870 14.72

As shown in Table 1, the k1, k2, and k3 model coefficients can be obtained experimentally by measuring the current consumed by the thermoelectric element 14 based on the reference calorific value and calculating the temperature deviation therefrom. The values of the model coefficients included in the 95% confidence interval by substituting into Equation 1 are k1 = -1.291, k2 = 9.673, and k3 = -0.3156. At this time, it can be confirmed that the reliability is high because the R-square value is 0.9996. In addition, the mean square root deviation (RMSE) value is 0.0359, indicating that the error is also a low value.

8A to 8C are diagrams showing results of calorific value measurement data according to an experimental example of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A to 8C are graphs comparing the results of measuring the calorific value of the battery after substituting the model coefficient and the estimated calorific value based on the experiment. First, FIG. 8A shows a calorific value according to a time change, and an average square root deviation value is 0.0714 W, which indicates that the experimental value and the estimated value are almost the same.

FIG. 8B is a graph showing an increase in current with time. As compared with the data shown in FIG. 8A, in order to keep the temperature of the battery constant as the calorific power increases, the current values consumed in the thermoelectric elements are equal , Respectively.

FIG. 8C is a graph showing the temperature deviation with time, and it can be seen that the temperature deviation value is increased in the same time range as in FIGS. 8A and 8B.

As described above, in the present invention, the calorific value measurement apparatus 1 using the thermoelectric element can be manufactured. Since the thermoelectric element can perform both cooling and heating, its structure can be greatly simplified in comparison with a conventional calorimeter.

In addition, the formula for calculating the calorific value of the target heating element 12 is a characteristic formula of the thermoelectric element 14 used to keep the temperature of the target heating element 12 constant regardless of changes in the equipment actually manufactured, The process of calculating the calorific value of the target heating element 12 can be greatly simplified.

The thermoelectric element 14 has a short reaction rate of several milliseconds compared with the conventional cooling and heating apparatuses. The calorific value measurement device 1 manufactured using the characteristics of the thermoelectric elements 14 can measure the calorific value of the target calorific material 12 with a shorter time unit and with a higher accuracy than the conventional device.

The industrial field that required the measurement of the calorific value was targeted at large devices such as heat-resisting engine and factory facilities. In recent years, however, how much heat is generated by portable electronic devices (such as smart phones), semiconductors (such as CPUs and memories) or energy storage devices (such as batteries and fuel cells) is important.

The devices in the field have a relatively low calorific value and a rapidly changing thermal characteristic as compared with the conventional devices. Accordingly, the equipment developed according to the present invention may include a relatively small or small heating device, that is, any heating element capable of being in direct contact with a thermoelectric element or a conductor, and the thermal characteristics of the target heating elements It is applicable to all fields where research and research is necessary.

While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

1: calorific value measuring device 10: measuring part
12: target heating element 14: thermoelectric element
15: heat transfer part 16: heat dissipation structure
18: temperature sensor 20: control operation section
22: control unit 24:
26: DAQ module 28: power supply
30: Frame 32: Insulator
34: Insulation case 36: Cooling device

Claims (9)

A measuring unit having at least one thermoelectric element provided on the target heat generating body so as to be capable of conducting heat;
A heat insulating case enclosing a region excluding one side of the target heat generating element to which the thermoelectric element is contacted so that heat generated from the target heat generating element is transmitted to the outside through the thermoelectric element; And
A control operation unit for controlling the temperature of the target heating element to a predetermined temperature condition by applying a predetermined electric power to the thermoelectric element to lower the temperature of the thermoelectric element and calculating a total amount of electric power used for temperature control of the target heating element;
Lt; / RTI >
And a heat transfer part arranged to be in direct contact with the thermoelectric element so that heat generated from the target heat generating element is transferred through the thermoelectric element,
Wherein the calorific value of the target heat generator is calculated by the control calculation unit according to the following equation (1).
[Equation 1]

(Here, the Q _pump is the heating value of the target heating-element, the k _1, k _2, k ₃ is a model coefficient, wherein I is the current consumed by the thermoelectric element, and the T _cool is the thermoelectric element T _hot is the contact surface temperature between the thermoelectric element and the target heat generating element, delete delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the thermoelectric elements are disposed in contact with each other without being separated from the heat transfer part. The method according to claim 1,
The heat-
And a heat dissipation structure disposed in direct contact with the thermoelectric element and having at least one of a thermal pad, a thermal grease, and a heat sink. 6. The method of claim 5,
The heat-
Further comprising a cooling device disposed on the heat-radiating structure and having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan. The method according to claim 1,
The heat-
And a cooling device disposed in direct contact with the thermoelectric element and having at least one of a cooling pin and a cooling fan. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the target heating element includes one of structures that can be brought into contact with the thermoelectric element so as to be able to conduct heat. delete

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