KR101587316B1 - Tenter apparatus, method for removing foreign substances in tenter apparatus, and equipment for producing film from solution - Google Patents

Abstract

The film in the pin tenter is transported with both side ends supported by the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. The pin 72 and the pin plate 73 are sent to the jet air cleaning area 83 when the loading of the film is released. In the jet air cleaning area 83, the pin 72 and the pin plate 73 are covered in the chamber 202. In the chamber 202, jet air is blown against the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. This jet air blowing removes foreign matter including the liquefied or solidified additive of the film or punching residue which is produced when the pin 72 is inserted into the film from the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. The foreign matter is discharged to the outside of the chamber 202 through the suction nozzle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a tenter apparatus, a tenter apparatus, and a tenter apparatus for removing foreign substances from a tenter apparatus,

The present invention relates to a tenter device for stretching a film at a constant wider rate while holding both side ends of the film, and a method for removing foreign matters in the tenter device. The present invention also relates to a solution film-forming equipment provided with the tenter device.

Polymer films have been used in various fields as optical functional films because they have excellent light transmittance and flexibility and can be lightweight and thin. Among them, a cellulose ester film using cellulose acylate or the like has, in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics, a further toughness and a low refractive index. This cellulose ester film has been used as a protective film or an optical compensation film of a polarizing plate, which is a component of a liquid crystal display (LCD), which has recently been expanded in the market, including a photographic light sensitive film.

As a method for producing a polymer film, a solution film-forming method can be mentioned. According to this solution casting method, first, a dope containing a polymer and a solvent is formed on a support from a flexible die to form a coherent film. Next, after the flexible film becomes self-supporting, the flexible film is peeled from the support by using the wet film. Then, the wet film is transported by the tenter while holding both side ends of the wet film (hereinafter referred to as an edge portion). Further, in the tenter, the edge portion is stretched in the width direction with respect to the wet film being transported, and drying is performed by spraying dry air. As a result, a film is obtained. After cutting the edge portion of the film, the film is again dried by a drying device. The film passed through the drying apparatus is wound by a winding device.

Drying of the wet film in the tenter is carried out by supporting both side ends of the film by means of a supporting means such as a clip or a pin, running the film, and blowing dry air onto the running film. On the other hand, the carrying means is fixed to an endless moving body of a chain or the like and circulated. As a result, if the film is transported again to the high temperature drying air in the vicinity of the tenter outlet at a high temperature, the foaming due to the boiling of the solvent in the film may occur and the film may be cut. Further, in a solution casting method for imparting self-supportability by cooling gelation, a film is carried by a fin plate provided with a fin. When the temperature of the pin is high, when the pin enters the film, the resin overwritten at the tip of the pin becomes solidified and peeled off, resulting in a cap-like powder, which may cause foreign matter breakage or scratches. In order to prevent this, it has been practiced to cool the carrying means by passing through the cooling duct before carrying both side ends of the film (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-85846

However, forming a cooling duct creates new problems. In the tenter, the solvent gas evaporated from the wet film is filled. Under the high temperature atmosphere in the tenter, the plasticizer and the UV agent (ultraviolet absorber) in the wet film are evaporated together with the solvent, and these are also mixed in the solvent gas. Such a solvent gas is accompanied by the movement of the clip and the pin plate into the cooling duct. The solvent gas entered into the cooling duct is liquefied or solidified by cooling of the cooling duct, and is attached to the pin or the pin plate as foreign matter. This foreign substance contains a large amount of additives such as a plasticizer and a UV additive added to the dope. If the accumulation amount of the foreign matter increases, a large burden is imposed on the fin plate. In addition, if foreign matter is deposited on the conveying guide roller used for conveying the fin plate and the bearing used for the conveying, the conveyance of the film can not be stably performed.

In view of the above problems, it is possible to consider such measures as introduction of a plasticizer or a UV agent which does not evaporate well, lowering of the drying temperature of the tenter, and prolongation of drying time of the tenter. However, by taking such countermeasures, new problems such as a change in the quality of the film after production, an increase in cost, and the like are caused, which is not preferable. It is also conceivable to remove foreign matter adhered to the fin plate by using a brush or the like. However, there is a problem that the brush is clogged or the foreign substance once removed is attached to the fin plate repeatedly while removing the foreign substance. In addition, there is a problem that the attached foreign matter has a portion that can not be separated by a brush.

In the tenter, the solvent is recovered from the solvent gas in the tenter by the condensation recovery, the adsorption recovery, and the like, and the gas from which the solvent has been removed is sent back into the tenter. A plasticizer, a UV agent and the like are recovered in accordance with the recovery of the solvent. However, even if this method is used, the amount of foreign matter adhered to the pin plate or the like can not be completely eliminated.

It is also conceivable to clean the fin plate or the like using a cleaning solvent. However, the cleaning effect is weak, and there is a problem that the cleaning solvent dissolves the oil component as a lubricant for the conveying guide roller and the bearing. Further, when the cleaning solvent evaporates in the tenter, there is a problem that the cleaning solvent must also be recovered. Therefore, up to now, the production line of the film has been periodically stopped and the pin plate or the like has been cleaned off-line.

In addition to foreign substances generated in the cooling duct as described above, in the pin tenter, the punching residuals generated when the fins are inserted into the film, the burrs remaining around the fins when the fins are pulled out from the film, May adhere to and accumulate on the fin plate. As described above, such a foreign matter not only hinders stable conveyance of the film, but also becomes a factor of contamination in the process in the pin tenter 13, like foreign matter generated in the cooling duct. In addition, when such a foreign matter is incorporated into the film, the quality of the film may be affected.

An object of the present invention is to provide a tenter device which removes foreign substances which impede the transport of the film and which stabilizes the transport of the film, a foreign substance removing method in the tenter device, and a solution film-forming device.

In order to achieve the above object, the tenter apparatus of the present invention includes a carrying member, a circulating moving unit, a drawing and drying unit, a chamber, a jet air blowing unit, and a foreign matter discharging unit. The carrying member carries both side ends of the film being transported. The circulating and moving unit circulates the carrying member between the carrying section and the releasing section. The carrying section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film. The release section is a section in which the carrying member releases the loading of the film. The stretching and drying section stretches the film in the above-mentioned carrying section to a constant width-wise ratio and blows dry air to dry it. The supporting member is gradually displaced in the direction in which the film is widened to perform the stretching. The chamber covers the carrying member in the release section. The jet air blowing unit removes foreign matter adhered to the carrying member by jetting jet air against the carrying member passing through the chamber. The foreign matter discharging portion discharges the foreign matter out of the chamber.

In the tenter device, the foreign matter discharging portion includes an upstream suction chamber formed on an upstream side of the jet air blowing portion with respect to a moving direction of the carrying member, and a downstream suction portion formed on the downstream side of the jet air blowing portion, It is preferable that the foreign matter is sucked and the sucked foreign matter is discharged to the outside of the chamber together with the jet air through the discharge nozzle installed in the upstream side suction chamber and the downstream side suction chamber. It is preferable that the upstream-side suction chamber and the downstream-side suction chamber are in a negative pressure state.

The tenter apparatus preferably includes a jet air circulation unit, a jet air bypass unit, and a control unit. The jet air circulation part recovers the jet air blown into the supporting member in the chamber, and returns the jet air to the chamber, thereby circulating the jet air. The jet-blower bypasses part of the recovered jet wind. The control unit controls the temperature of the jet air blown to the supporting member by adjusting the air flow rate of the jet air blown by the jet air blower unit.

The solution film-forming equipment of the present invention comprises a support and a tenter device. The support is flexible in dope to form a flexible film. The dope contains a polymer, a solvent and an additive. In the tenter device, the wet film, which is the flexible film peeled off from the support, is stretched in the width direction and dried by spraying with a dry air to form a film. The tenter device includes a carrying member, a circulating moving section, a chamber, a jet air blowing section, and a foreign matter discharging section. The carrying member carries both side ends of the film being transported. The circulating and moving unit circulates the carrying member between the carrying section and the releasing section. The carrying section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film. The release section is a section in which the carrying member releases the holding of the film. The chamber covers the carrying member in the release section. The jet air blowing unit removes foreign matter from the carrying member by jetting jet air against the carrying member passing through the chamber. The foreign matter discharging portion discharges the foreign matter together with the jet air to the outside of the chamber.

The foreign matter includes those in which the additive is liquefied or solidified.

The foreign matter includes at least one of a residue and a burr generated when the carrying member is started or released.

In the solution film-forming equipment, it is preferable that the tenter device includes a separating portion and a downwardly inclined pipe. The separation unit separates the foreign matter and the jet air. The downward sloping pipe is formed so as to be gradually lowered from the foreign matter discharging portion toward the separating portion, and the foreign matter from the foreign matter discharging portion is sent to the separating portion.

In the solution film-forming equipment, it is preferable that the tenter device includes a jet wind circulation part, a jet wind bypass part, and a control part. The jet air circulation part recovers the jet air blown into the supporting member in the chamber, and returns the jet air to the chamber, thereby circulating the jet air. The jet-blower bypasses part of the recovered jet wind. The control unit controls the temperature of the jet air blown to the supporting member by adjusting the air flow rate of the jet air blown by the jet air blower unit. The control unit controls the temperature of the jet air in a range that is lower than a heat resistance temperature of various devices in the tenter apparatus as a temperature exceeding a melting point of the additive.

It is preferable that the temperature of the jet wind is 49 ° C or higher and is controlled to 120 ° C or lower, which is the heat resistance temperature of various devices in the tenter apparatus.

It is preferable that the tenter device is a pin tenter having a fin and a plate in which a plurality of the pins are plugged as the supporting member.

A foreign matter removing method in the tenter apparatus of the present invention includes a circulating moving step, a drawing and drying step, a jet air blowing step, and a foreign matter discharging step. The circulating movement step circulates the carrying member between the carrying section and the releasing section. The carrying section is a section for supporting both side ends of the film being transported by the carrying member. The releasing section is a section in which the loading of the film by the carrying member is released. In the stretching and drying step, the film in the above-mentioned carrying section is stretched at a constant widening ratio and dried by spraying dry air. The stretching is performed by gradually shifting the carrying member in the direction in which the film is widened. The jet air blowing step removes foreign matter adhering to the carrying member by jetting jet air against a carrying member passing through the chamber in the chamber covering the carrying member in the release section. The foreign matter discharging step discharges the foreign matter out of the chamber.

According to the present invention, it is possible to remove foreign matter which is hindering the film transportation, and to stabilize the film transportation.

1 is a schematic view showing a solution film-forming apparatus.
2 is a plan view showing a pin tenter of the present invention.
3 is a front view showing the pin tenter of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a rail, a rail cover and a pin carrier.
5 is a cross-sectional view of a rail, a rail cover, and a pin carrier showing a state in which the teeth of the sprocket and the engagement grooves of the pin carrier engage with each other.
6 is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI in Fig.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG.
8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG.
9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX of Fig.
10 is a cross-sectional view showing a rail, a rail cover and a pin carrier in a first cooling area;

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. 1, the solution film-forming equipment 10 includes a flexible chamber 11, a carry section 12, a pin tenter 13, a clip tenter 14, an edge cutting device 15, A drying device 16, a cooling device 17, and a winding device 18.

The flexible chamber 11 is provided with a feed block 21, a flexible drum 22, a flexible die 23, a peeling roller 26, a condenser 27 and a recovery device 28 . The dope from the dope producing facility 20 is sent to the feed block 21. The flexible drum 22 is a support to which the dope is flexible. The flexible die 23 is flexible with the flexible drum 22. The peeling roller 26 peels the flexible film 24 on the flexible drum 22 with the wet film 25. The condenser 27 condenses and liquefies the solvent gas evaporated from the flexible film 24 and the wet film 25. The recovery device 28 recovers the liquefied solvent. A heat transfer medium supply device (not shown) is connected to the flexible drum 22. The surface temperature of the flexible drum 22 is adjusted to a desired temperature by supplying the heat transfer medium to the inside of the heat transfer medium supply device. The flexible chamber 11 is provided with a temperature regulating device 30 for regulating its internal temperature.

A flow path for the dope is formed in the feed block (21). The flexible die 23 is equipped with a decompression chamber 32. This decompression chamber 32 decompresses the back of the flow of the dope (hereinafter referred to as " bead ") from the discharge port of the flexible die 23 to the flexible drum 22, Stabilize the contact of the beads against. A jacket (not shown) is mounted on the decompression chamber 32 to adjust the decompression chamber 32 to a desired temperature.

The transport section 12 is provided with a plurality of rollers 35. These rollers 35 transport the wet film 25 peeled off from the flexible drum 22 to the pin tenter 13. Hereinafter, the carrying direction of the wet film 25 is referred to as A direction. A blower (36) is formed above the conveying path of the wet film (25). The blower 36 blows dry air against the wet film 25 to promote drying of the wet film 25.

The pin tenter 13 is inserted into a fin in an edge portion of the wet film 25 to be held, and the wet film 25 is transported while the edge portion is maintained. In the pin tenter 13, the width of the wet film 25 is widened at a constant widening ratio by stretching the edge portion in the width direction. With respect to the wet film 25, drying wind is sent from the drying ducts 52 and 53 (see FIG. 3), heated to a desired temperature, and dried. The drying air circulation device 60 adsorbs and recovers the solvent and plasticizer from the drying air sent from the drying ducts 52 and 53 and returns the drying air after the adsorption recovery to the drying ducts 52 and 53.

The clip tenter 14 is formed on the downstream side of the pin tenter 13 and grasps the edge portion of the wet film 25 coming from the pin tenter 13 for carrying and drying. Also in the clip tenter 14, the edge portion is stretched in the width direction and the wet film 25 is dried by spraying dry air. Thereby, the film 37 is obtained. The clip tenter is formed as needed, and may be omitted. In this case, the film 37 coming out of the pin tenter 13 is sent to the drying device 16. The edge cutting device 15 cuts the edge portion of the film 37 coming out of the clip tenter 14. A crusher 66 is connected to the edge cutting device 15 and the edge portion of the film 37 is crushed by the crusher 66 to become a chip. Then, the film 37 on which the edge portion is cut is sent to the drying device 16.

A plurality of rollers 67 are provided in the drying apparatus 16, and the film 37 is conveyed by the rollers 67 and dried. The solvent gas generated from the film 37 in the drying apparatus 16 is adsorbed and recovered by the adsorption recovery apparatus 69 formed on the outside of the drying apparatus 16. The gas from which the solvent has been removed by the adsorption recovery is returned to the drying apparatus 16 again. The film 37 emerging from the drying device 16 is sent to the cooling device 17 and is cooled to approximately room temperature in the cooling device 17. [ The edge cutting device may also be formed at the outlet of the pin tenter 13 to cut the edge portion and then send it to the clip tenter.

The winding device 18 has a winding core 70 and the film 37 coming out of the cooling device 17 is wound on the winding core 70 in the form of a roll. The winding device 18 is provided with a press roller 71. The press roller 71 winds the film 37 while controlling the winding pressure.

2 and 3, the pin tenter 13 carries the wet film 25 in the A direction in a state in which both side ends (edge portions) 25a of the wet film 25 are supported thereon (Hereinafter, referred to as " B direction ") with a predetermined elongation. The pin tenter 13 includes a brush roller 40 for pin insertion, a vibration suppressing device 42, a rail 44, sprockets 46 to 48, drying ducts 52 and 53, a rail cover A duct 54, and a pin carrier 58.

The brush roller 40 is formed on the side of the inlet 13a of the pin tenter 13 and has a pin 72 (see Fig. 4) attached to the edge portion 25a of the wet film 25 entered into the pin tenter 13 Insert it to its root. The vibration damping device 42 is formed on the side of the outlet 13b of the pin tenter 13 and removes dust or the like on the edge portion 25a by suction.

The rails 44 are provided on both sides of the conveyance path of the wet film 25. The breadth and wideness pattern of the rail 44 are determined according to the elongation of the wet film 25, and the stretched state is exaggerated in the drawing. The widening pattern is also an example, and various widening patterns may be employed in consideration of the optical characteristics of the film. The rail 44 is constituted by a pair of rails 44a and 44b arranged in the vertical direction.

The sprockets 46 and 47 are formed on the inlet 13a side of the pin tenter 13. The sprocket 48 is formed on the side of the outlet 13b of the pin tenter 13. The pin carrier 58 for transporting the pin 72 and a plurality of pin plates (both shown in Fig. 4) having a plurality of the pins 72 is rotatably supported by the rail 44, ≪ / RTI > The sprockets 46 and 47 rotate together with the travel of the pin carrier 58. [

The drying duct (52) is provided above the conveying path of the wet film (25). The drying duct (53) is provided below the conveying path of the wet film (25). The drying duct 52 blows dry air onto the upper surface of the wet film 25. In addition, the drying duct 53 blows dry wind onto the lower surface of the wet film 25. [ The temperature of the drying wind of the drying ducts 52 and 53 is set to a predetermined temperature in the range of 40 ° C to 200 ° C. As a result, the drying of the wet film 25 is promoted, and the solvent gas is evaporated from the wet film 25.

4, the rail cover 54 covers a part of the rails 44a, 44b and the pin carrier 58. As shown in Fig. A rail 44a is mounted on the upper surface of the inside of the rail cover 54, and a rail 44b is mounted on the lower surface. The pin carrier 58 is disposed between the rail 44a and the rail 44b. A slit 54a is formed in the rail cover 54 along the running direction of the pin carrier 58. [ The slit 54a is covered with a wind-shielding member 75 to be described later so that inert gas or cooling air sent into the rail cover 54 does not escape. 5, a slit 54b for receiving the sprocket 46 is formed in the rail cover 54 in the vicinity of the installation position of the sprocket 46. As shown in Fig. The same applies to the rail cover 54 in the vicinity of the installation position of the sprocket 47, and a description thereof will be omitted.

4, the pin carrier 58 is constituted by a pin 72, a pin plate 73, a carrier main body 74, a wind guide member 75, and guide rollers 76 to 79 do. By the pin 72 and the pin plate 73, a carrying member is constituted. A large number of pins 72 are inserted into the pin plate 73 at predetermined intervals. The pin plate 73 is fixed to the car-rich portion 75a of the wind power member 75. [ A projecting portion 74a for supporting the wind power member 75 is formed on the side surface of the carrier main body 74. [ A wind wind member 75 is fixed to the protrusion 74a. An engaging groove 74b engaging with the teeth of the sprockets 46, 47, 48 is formed at the center of the lower surface of the carrier main body 74.

The solar wind member 75 is fixed to the protruding portion 74a of the carrier main body 74 with the slit 54a of the rail cover 54 interposed therebetween. The windower portion 75a covers the slit 54a of the rail cover 54 so as to cover the slit 54a. The windower portion 75a covers the slit 54a of the rail cover 54, It is covering. This car-rich portion 75a prevents the dry air containing the solvent gas evaporated from the wet film 25 from intruding into the inside of the rail cover 54. [ When the pin 72 and the pin plate 73 are to be steam-cleaned in the steam cleaning area 82 (see FIG. 7) described later, the steam-rich portion 75a is provided in the rail cover 54 ≪ / RTI >

The guide roller 76 and the guide roller 77 are formed on the upper surface of the carrier main body 74 by a distance corresponding to the width of the rail 44a. Similarly, the guide roller 78 and the guide roller 79 are formed on the lower surface of the carrier main body 74 by a distance corresponding to the width of the rail 44b. These guide rollers 76 to 79 hold the rails 44a and 44b and guide the carrier main body 74 when the carrier main body 74 moves along the rails 44a and 44b.

A connecting bracket for interconnecting the carrier bodies 74 is formed at the front end and the rear end of the carrier body 74 in the running direction. The connection brackets are fitted with connecting pins horizontally. Therefore, since the carrier main bodies 74 are connected via the connecting pins, they can travel in the vertical plane as shown in Fig. Further, instead of constituting the pin carrier by connecting the carrier main body on the block with the connecting pin, a pin carrier may be constituted by using a chain.

3, the pin tenter 13 is provided with the gas purge area 81, the steam cleaning area 82, the jet purge area 82, and the jet purge area 82 along the running direction of the pin carrier 58 in which the loading of the wet film 25 is released. A wind cleaning area 83, a first cooling area 84, and a second cooling area 86 are formed. Most of the foreign substances removed by the cleaning in the steam cleaning area 82 and the jet air cleaning area 83 include the components contained in the solvent gas evaporated from the wet film 25. Examples of the components contained in the solvent gas include additives such as plasticizers such as TPP (triphenylphosphate), BDP (biphenyl diphenylphosphate) and polyester, and UV additives such as benzotriazole-based materials, A punching residue generated when the pin is inserted into the film, a burr remaining around the pin when the pin is pulled out from the film, and the like. Incidentally, foreign matters include those in which the optical property adjusting agent is liquefied or solidified. By removing such foreign matter, it is no longer possible to prevent the pin carrier 58 from transporting the wet film. At the same time, it is possible to prevent contamination in the process in the pin tenter 13, and to prevent foreign matter from being mixed into the wet film 25.

As shown in Fig. 6, the rail cover 54 located in the gas purge area 81 is equipped with a supply nozzle 90 and an intake pipe 91 for intake. The take-out hole of the nozzle 90 and the intake hole of the discharge pipe 91 are directed toward the inside of the rail cover 54, respectively. The gas purge area 81 is provided with a nitrogen gas supply unit 94, a suction device 95, and a filter 96. The nitrogen gas supply unit 94 is connected to the nozzle 90. The suction device 95 is connected to the discharge pipe 91. The suction device 95 is connected to the nitrogen gas supply part 94 via the filter 96. [

When gas purging is performed, nitrogen gas is supplied from the nitrogen gas supply unit 94 to the nozzle 90. This nitrogen gas is supplied into the rail cover 54 through the take-out hole of the nozzle 90. The pressure inside the rail cover 54 is raised by the removal of the nitrogen gas from the nozzle 90 and the pressure inside the rail cover 54 The foreign substance is removed. The suction device 95 sucks the gas from the inside of the rail cover 54 in a pressurized state through the suction hole of the discharge pipe 91 and sucks the foreign matter accumulated inside the rail cover 54. The filter 96 removes foreign matter from the gas sucked in the suction device 95. Then, the nitrogen gas from which the foreign substance is removed is sent to the nitrogen gas supply unit 94.

In this gas purge area 81, particularly, the area in which the holding of the edge portion 25a of the wet film 25 is released is an area where the concentration of the solvent gas is particularly high even in the pin tenter 13. Therefore, by raising the pressure inside the rail cover 54 by supplying nitrogen gas, the solvent gas is prevented from entering the inside of the rail cover 54. Even if the solvent gas enters the rail cover 54 and the liquefied or solidified solvent gas adheres to the guide rollers 76 to 79 as a foreign matter, such foreign matter is removed by the injection of the nitrogen gas. Further, since the removed foreign matter is discharged to the outside of the rail cover 54 by the suction device 95, the rail cover 54 does not exist so as to inhibit the running of the pin carrier 58. As a result, the pin carrier 58 can be stably driven along the rail 44.

The gas spreading may be performed not only in the transport area of the wet film 25 but also in the entire area where the pin carrier 58 travels. The discharge pipe 91 is formed on the opposite side of the rail cover 54 from the position corresponding to the nozzle 90. The discharge pipe 91 is provided on the opposite side from the nozzle 90 in the running direction of the pin carrier 58 You can also install it away. In this case, by setting the discharge position away from the position of the nozzle 90, it is possible to efficiently set the pressure in the rail cover 54 to be higher than that in the tension chamber. A plurality of nozzles 90 and exhaust pipes 91 may be formed at appropriate pitches in the running direction of the pin carrier 58 in the gas purge area 81.

As shown in Fig. 7, the steam cleaning area 82 is provided with nozzles 120a to 120c for spraying steam. The take-out hole of the nozzle 120a is directed toward the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. The ejection holes of the nozzles 120b and 120c are directed toward the rails 44a and 44b, the carrier main body 74, and the guide rollers 76 to 79, respectively. The steam cleaning area 82 is provided with a steam supply part 122. The steam supply unit 122 is connected to the nozzles 120a to 120c.

When performing steam cleaning, steam is supplied from the steam supply unit 122 to the nozzles 120a to 120c. This steam is injected from the take-out hole of the nozzle 120a to the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. [ The steam is jetted from the take-out holes of the nozzles 120b and 120c to the rails 44a and 44b, the carrier main body 74, and the guide rollers 76 to 79. Foreign matter adhered to the pin 72, the pin plate 73, the rails 44a and 44b, the carrier main body 74 and the guide rollers 76 to 79 is removed by the spraying of steam. Further, although the foreign matter is removed by spraying the steam, the present invention is not limited to this, and the steam may be cleaned using steam containing a liquid having a high effect of removing foreign matter.

8, the jet air is jetted from the nozzles 203 and 204 disposed in the chamber 202 to the fin 72 and the fin plate 73 in the jet air cleaning area 83. [ By the jetting of the jet air in the chamber 202, foreign substances such as the burning residue and burr are removed from the fins 72 and the fin plate 73. The foreign matter accumulated in the chamber 202 is discharged to the outside of the chamber 202 by the exhaust nozzle 240 (see FIG. 9).

The jet air is supplied from the blower 205 outside the casing 200 through the supply pipe 206. The supply pipe 206 connects between the blower 205 and the chamber 202. A bypass pipe 208 for bypassing a part of the jet air from the supply pipe 206 and discharging the jet air into the casing 200 is mounted on the way of the supply pipe 206. A three-way valve 209 is provided at a branch point between the supply pipe 206 and the bypass air bypass pipe 208 for controlling the air flow rate of the jet air bypassed by the bypass air bypass pipe 208.

The foreign substances generated in the chamber 202 are sent to the centrifugal separator 212 together with the jet air through the suction pipe 210. The centrifugal separator 212 is formed at a position lower than the chamber 202 and the suction pipe 210 connecting the centrifugal separator 212 is inclined so as to gradually decrease from the chamber 202 toward the centrifugal separator 212. As described above, the foreign substances flowing in the suction pipe 210 include not only solids such as pellet residues but also liquefied liquefied with TPP or the like. Therefore, by making the suction pipe 210 downward, the liquefied or solidified foreign matter can be reliably sent to the centrifuge 212 without being blocked in the middle of the suction pipe 210.

The centrifugal separator 212 separates foreign matters and jet air sent from the suction pipe 210. The centrifugal separator 212 sends the foreign matter and jet air from the suction pipe 210 along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical main body 214 in a cyclonic manner. Since the foreign matter is heavier than the jet air, every time the inside of the cylindrical main body 214 is turned, it falls slowly in a spiral shape due to its own weight. Thereby, the foreign matter and the jet wind are separated. The dropped foreign matter is sent to the recovery unit 216 through the hopper 215 mounted on the lower part of the cylindrical main body 214. [ On the other hand, the jet air separated from the foreign matter is sent to the blower 205 through the pipe 218. Among the foreign substances recovered in the recovery unit 216, TPP can be reused by filtration.

The chamber 202 is provided with a temperature sensor 219 for measuring the internal temperature. The controller 220 controls the opening degree of the three-way valve 209 based on the temperature in the chamber 202 measured by the temperature sensor 219. By controlling the opening degree, the temperature of the jet wind from the nozzles 203 and 204 in the chamber 202 can be adjusted by controlling the air flow rate of the jet wind sent to the bypass air pipe 208. Therefore, not only the temperature of the jet wind but also the temperature in the chamber 202 can be adjusted only by bypassing a part of the jet wind with the bypass pipe 208. Therefore, it is necessary to install the heater and the cooling cooler separately . Here, when the temperature is controlled by the controller 220, the temperature exceeding the melting point of TPP is set to be lower than the heat-resistant temperature of the casing 200, the nozzles 203, 204, . Further, for example, the melting point of TPP is 49 占 폚, and the heat-resistant temperature of the apparatus is 120 占 폚.

As shown in Fig. 9, the chamber 202 includes a jet air blowing section 230, an upstream air intake chamber 231, and a downstream air intake chamber 232. The jet air blowing section 230 ejects the jet air to the fin 72 and the fin plate 73. The upstream-side intake chamber 231 is formed on the upstream side of the jet air blowing section 230 with respect to the moving direction P of the pin and the pin plate. The downstream-side intake chamber 232 is formed on the downstream side of the jet air blower 230. The jet air blowing section 230 is provided with ducts 235 and 236 and a plurality of nozzles 203a to 203e and 204a to 204e. The ducts 235 and 236 send jet wind from the blower 205. The plurality of nozzles 203a to 203e and 204a to 204e are formed on the lower surfaces of the ducts 235 and 236 and on the upper surface of the duct so that the jet air in the ducts 235 and 236 is supplied to the pins 72 and the pin plate 73, Lt; / RTI >

The plurality of nozzles 203a to 203e and 204a to 204e are formed at regular intervals along the moving direction P of the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. [ The nozzles 203a and 204a closest to the upstream-side intake chamber 231 are formed so as to blow out the jet airflow substantially along the moving direction P of the fin 72 and the fin plate 73. [ Conversely, the other nozzles 203b to 203e, 204b to 204e are formed so as to take out the jet airflow in the direction Q substantially opposite to the moving direction P of the fin 72 and the fin plate 73. It is also preferable that the air velocity of the jet wind jetted from the nozzles 203a to 203e and 204a to 204e is 10 m / min or more.

In this way, jet air is jetted from the nozzles 203b to 203e, 204b to 204e in the substantially opposite direction Q to the moving direction P of the pin 72 and the pin plate 73, The impact force at the time of collision of the jet air with the pin 72 and the pin plate 73 becomes larger. This makes it possible to easily remove the foreign matter adhered to the pin 72 and the pin plate 73. [ Even if the jet airflow is jetted in the Q direction from the downstream side to the upstream side in this way, the jet airflow in the P direction, which is counterclockwise to the jet airflow in the Q direction, is transmitted from the nozzles 203a and 204a The jet-like momentum in the Q direction is weakened. Therefore, the jet air or the foreign matter contained in the jet air may not extend beyond the upstream-side intake chamber 231 to the outside of the chamber 202.

An exhaust nozzle 240 is attached to the upstream-side intake chamber 231. The gas in the upstream-side intake chamber 231 is exhausted by the exhaust nozzle 240 so that the inside of the upstream-side intake chamber 231 is in a negative pressure state. An exhaust nozzle 242 identical to that of the upstream-side intake chamber 231 is also mounted on the downstream-side intake chamber 232. The downstream-side intake chamber 232 is brought into a negative pressure state by the exhaust nozzle 242 have. As described above, since the upstream-side air intake chamber 231 and the downstream-side air intake chamber 232 are in the negative pressure state, the foreign matter removed from the fin 72 and the pin plate 73 by the jet- Is sucked into the upstream-side intake chamber (231) or the downstream-side intake chamber (232). The foreign substances sucked into the upstream-side intake chamber 231 or the downstream-side intake chamber 232 are sent to the suction pipe 210 through the exhaust nozzles 240 and 242.

10, in the first cooling area 84, the pin 72 and the pin plate 73 are covered by the pin cover 130. As shown in Fig. A feed hole 130a is formed in a side surface of the fin cover 130. [ In addition, a supply nozzle 132 is mounted on the rail cover 54 located in the first cooling area 84. The take-out hole of the nozzle 132 is directed toward the inside of the rail cover 54. A cooling air supply unit 134 is provided in the first cooling area 84. The cooling air supply unit 134 is connected to the supply hole 130a.

The cooling air is supplied from the cooling wind supply unit 134 to the inside of the rail cover 54 of the first cooling area 84 and the entirety of the inside of the fin cover 130 in the first cooling area 84, . The temperature of this cooling wind is, for example, a predetermined temperature of -30 占 폚 to +30 占 폚. Thus, the temperature inside the rail cover 54 and the entire interior of the pin cover 130 is equal to or lower than the melting point of TPP, that is, 50 DEG C or less. When the TPP or the like evaporated together with the solvent from the wet film 25 enters the first cooling area 84 with the movement of the pin carrier 58 or the pin plate 73, 72, the pin carrier 58 and the like.

Further, in the second cooling area 86, only the pin 72 and the pin plate 73 are cooled by the cooling wind. The configuration of the second cooling area 86 is the same as that of the first cooling area 84 except that the pin cover is not provided, so that the description is omitted. In the second cooling area 86, the surface temperature of the fins 72 and the fin plate 73 is 35 ° C or more and 50 ° C or less by cooling the first cooling area 84. By setting the temperature of the pin 72 to the above-mentioned range, the pin 72 can easily pass through the edge portion 25a.

In the present embodiment, the wet film was transported without reversing from the start to the release of the edge portion of the wet film. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a multi-stage transport system in which the wet film is transported while inverting the wet film may be used.

In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a pin tenter in the present embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to a clip tenter. In addition, although the pin tenter of the present invention is introduced into the solution film-forming apparatus, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention may be embodied in a web manufacturing facility for producing webs other than films.

The width of the film 37 produced in this embodiment is preferably 1400 mm or more and 2500 mm or less. Even when the width of the film 37 exceeds 2500 mm, the effect of the present invention can be obtained. The thickness of the film 37 to be produced in the above embodiment is preferably 20 mu m or more and 100 mu m or less, more preferably 20 mu m or more and 80 mu m or less, and most preferably 30 mu m or more and 70 mu m or less.

In the above-described embodiment, a single-layered film is produced by using one type of dope. However, the present invention is also effective in forming a multilayered flexible film. In this case, a known method such as flexing the desired number of dope simultaneously or sequentially may be used, and is not particularly limited. From the structure of a flexible die, a decompression chamber, a support, etc., a common drawing method, a peeling method, a drawing method, a drying method in each step, a handling method, a curling method after curling and planarity correction, a solvent recovery method, Are described in detail in paragraphs [0617] to [0889] of Patent Publication No. 2005-104148, and inventions relating to these substrates are also applicable to the present invention. The performance of the finished film, the degree of curl, the thickness thereof, and the measuring method thereof are described in paragraphs [1073] to [1087] of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-104148, Can be applied.

When the finished film is subjected to surface treatment on at least one surface, the degree of adhesion with an optical member such as a polarizing plate can be enhanced, which is preferable. Examples of the surface treatment include a vacuum glow discharge treatment, an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment, an ultraviolet ray irradiation treatment, a corona discharge treatment, a flame treatment, an acid treatment, and an alkali treatment. desirable.

When the finished film is used as a base and a desired functional layer is formed on both sides or one side of the film, it can be used as various functional films. Examples of the functional layer include an antistatic layer, a cured resin layer, an antireflection layer, an easy adhesion layer, an antiglare layer, and an optical compensation layer. For example, when the antireflection layer is formed, it is possible to obtain an antireflection film which can prevent reflection of light and can provide high image quality. The functional layers and the forming method are described in detail in the paragraphs [0890] to [1072] of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-104148, and the invention relating to these substrates is also applicable to the present invention. The specific use of the polymer film is described in, for example, the TN type, the STN type, the VA type, the OCB type, and the reflection type, which are described in the paragraphs [1088] to [1265] of Japanese Patent Laid- Type liquid crystal display device and the like.

Next, raw materials for the dope to be produced in the dope production facility 20 are shown below.

Use of a cellulose ester as a raw material of the dope is preferable because a film having high transparency can be obtained. Examples of the cellulose esters include cellulose lower esters such as cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acylate butyrate. Among them, from the height of transparency, it is preferable to use cellulose acylate, and it is preferable to use triacetyl cellulose (TAC). In addition, the dope used in the above embodiment is assumed to contain triacetylcellulose (TAC) as a polymer. As described above, when TAC is used, it is preferable that 90% by mass or more of TAC is 0.1-4 mm particles.

As the above-mentioned cellulose acylate, it is preferable that the substitution degree of the hydroxyl group of cellulose to the acyl group satisfies all of the following formulas (a) to (c), even in order to obtain a film having higher transparency. In the following formulas, A and B represent substitution degrees of an acyl group with respect to a hydrogen atom in a hydroxyl group of cellulose. Specifically, A is the degree of substitution of an acetyl group, and B is a substitution degree of an acyl group having 3 to 22 carbon atoms .

(a) 2.5? A + B? 3.0

(b) 0? A? 3.0

(c) 0? B? 2.9

The glucose unit forming the? -1,4 bonding constituting the cellulose has a hydroxyl group liberated at the 2-position, the 3-position and the 6-position. The cellulose acylate is a polymer (polymer) obtained by esterifying a part or all of these hydroxyl groups with an acyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The degree of acyl substitution means the ratio of esterification of the hydroxyl group of cellulose to each of the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position. The case of 100% esterification is referred to as substitution 1.

The total acylation degree of substitution, that is, the value of DS2 + DS3 + DS6 is preferably 2.00 to 3.00, more preferably 2.22 to 2.90, and particularly preferably 2.40 to 2.88. The value of DS6 / (DS2 + DS3 + DS6) is preferably 0.28 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more, particularly preferably 0.31 to 0.34. Here, DS2 is a ratio of hydrogen in the hydroxyl group at the 2-position in the glucose unit replaced by an acyl group, DS3 is a ratio in which hydrogen in the hydroxyl group at the 3-position in the glucose unit is substituted by an acyl group, DS6 is a ratio in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group at the 6-position in the glucose unit is substituted by an acyl group.

The acyl group used for the cellulose acylate may be only one type, or two or more kinds of acyl groups may be used. When two or more kinds of acyl groups are used, one of them is preferably an acetyl group. The sum total of the hydroxyl groups at the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position substituted by the acetyl group is referred to as DSA, and the sum of the hydroxyl groups at the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position is substituted by an acyl group other than the acetyl group In terms of DSB, the value of DSA + DSB is preferably 2.22 to 2.90, and particularly preferably 2.40 to 2.88.

The DSB is preferably 0.30 or more, particularly preferably 0.7 or more. The DSB is preferably 20% or more of the substituent of the 6-position hydroxyl group, more preferably 25% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, and particularly preferably 33% or more. The cellulose acylate having a DSA + DSB value at the 6-position of the cellulose acylate is 0.75 or more, more preferably 0.80 or more, particularly 0.85 or more. When such a cellulose acylate is used, a dope excellent in solubility can be prepared. When the above-mentioned cellulose acylate is used, a non-chlorine-based solvent can be used to prepare a dope having a very excellent solubility, a low viscosity, and an excellent filtration property.

Cellulose as a raw material of cellulose acylate may be obtained from either a liner surface or a pulp surface.

The acyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms in the cellulose acylate may be an aliphatic group or an aryl group and is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include alkylcarbonyl esters, alkenylcarbonyl esters, aromatic carbonyl esters, aromatic alkylcarbonyl esters and the like of cellulose. Each of them may have a substituted group. Preferable examples thereof include a propionyl group, a butanoyl group, a pentanoyl group, a hexanoyl group, an octanoyl group, a decanoyl group, a dodecanoyl group, a tridecanoyl group, a tetradecanoyl group, a hexadecanoyl group, an octadecanoyl group, an iso -Butanoyl group, t-butanoyl group, cyclohexanecarbonyl group, oleyl group, benzoyl group, naphthylcarbonyl group, cinnamoyl group and the like. Among them, a propionyl group, a butanoyl group, a dodecanoyl group, an octadecanoyl group, a t-butanoyl group, an oleyl group, a benzoyl group, a naphthylcarbonyl group and a cinnamoyl group are more preferable, An o-yl group, and a butanoyl group.

Details of the cellulose acylate that can be used in the present invention are described in paragraphs [0140] to [0195] of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-104148, and these substrates can also be applied to the present invention.

As the solvent to be the dope raw material, it is preferable to use an organic compound capable of dissolving the polymer to be used. However, in the present invention, the dope means a mixture obtained by dissolving or dispersing the polymer in a solvent, and therefore, a solvent having low solubility with the polymer can also be used. Examples of suitable usable solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and chlorobenzene, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and diethylene glycol , Ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and propyl acetate, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and methyl cellosolve. Two or more kinds of solvents may be selected from these solvents, and a mixed solvent mixed with them may be used. Among them, when dichloromethane is used, a dope with excellent solubility can be obtained and the solvent in the flexible film can be evaporated in a short time to form a film, which is preferable.

As the halogenated hydrocarbon, those having 1 to 7 carbon atoms are preferably used. From the viewpoint of the compatibility with the polymer and the ease of peeling of the flexible film to be peeled from the support, mechanical strength and optical characteristics of the film, an alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is added to dichloromethane It is preferable to use one kind or a mixture of several kinds. The content of the alcohol is preferably 2 to 25% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight based on the whole solvent. Specific examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and the like. Of these, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol or a mixture thereof is preferably used.

In recent years, a solvent composition not using dichloromethane has also been proposed in order to minimize the influence on the environment. For this purpose, an ether having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a ketone having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and an ester having 3 to 12 carbon atoms are preferable, and it is preferable to mix them appropriately. These compounds may have a cyclic structure, and a compound having two or more functional groups of ether, ketone and ester, that is, -O-, -CO- and -COO- may be used as a solvent. In addition, the solvent may have another functional group such as an alcoholic hydroxyl group. In the case of having two or more kinds of functional groups, the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited as long as it falls within the specified range of the compound having any functional group.

Various known additives such as a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber (UV agent), a deterioration inhibitor, a lubricant, and a release promoter may be added to the dope according to the purpose. For example, known plasticizers such as phosphate ester plasticizers such as triphenylpiperate and biphenyl diphenyl phosphate, phthalate ester plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate, and polyester polyurethane elastomers can be used as the plasticizer have.

It is preferable to add fine particles to the dope for the purpose of preventing adhesion between the films or adjusting the refractive index. As this fine particle, it is preferable to use a silicon dioxide derivative. The silicon dioxide derivative in the present invention includes silicon dioxide and a silicone resin having a three-dimensional network structure. Such a silicon dioxide derivative preferably has an alkylated surface on its surface. Fine particles subjected to a hydrophobic treatment such as an alkylation treatment are excellent in dispersibility with respect to a solvent, so that fine particles can not be aggregated, dope can be prepared, and furthermore, a film can be produced. It becomes possible to produce a high film.

As the fine particles that have been subjected to alkylation treatment on the surface as described above, for example, Aerosil R805 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) commercially available as a silicon dioxide derivative having an octyl group introduced on its surface can be used . In order to obtain a film having high transparency while ensuring the effect of adding the fine particles, it is preferable that the content of the fine particles relative to the solid content of the dope is 0.2% or less. The average particle diameter is preferably 1.0 m or less, more preferably 0.3 to 1.0 m, and particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.8 m so that the fine particles do not hinder the passage of light.

As described above, in the present invention, it is preferable to prepare a dope using TAC as a polymer even in order to obtain a polymer film having high transparency. In this case, it is preferable that the ratio of the TAC to the total amount of the dope after mixing the solvent, the additive and the like is 5 to 40% by weight. More preferably, the ratio of TAC is 15 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 17 to 25% by weight. The proportion of the additive (mainly plasticizer) is preferably 1 to 20% by weight based on the total solid content of the polymer contained in the dope and other additives.

Further, various additives and fine particles such as a solvent, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a deterioration inhibitor, a lubricant, a release promoter, an optically anisotropic control agent, a retardation control agent, a dye and a release agent are described in JP-A-2005-104148, Are described in detail in the paragraphs to [0516], and these descriptions are also applicable to the present invention. Also, as a method for producing a dope using TAC, for example, a method of dissolving a material, a raw material, an additive, a method of adding, a filtration method, defoaming and the like are also described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-104148 [0517] 0616], and these descriptions are also applicable to the present invention.

Claims (12)

A carrying member for carrying both side ends of the film being transported,
Wherein the holding section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film, and the release section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film, A circulating moving part,
A stretching and drying section for stretching the film in the above-mentioned carrying section at a constant widening ratio and drying by blowing dry air, wherein the stretching is carried out by gradually shifting the carrying member in the direction in which the film is widened , A stretching / drying section,
A chamber for covering the carrying member in the release section,
A jet air blowing unit for jetting jet air to the carrying member passing through the chamber to remove foreign matter adhering to the carrying member,
A foreign matter discharging unit for discharging the foreign matter to the outside of the chamber,
A jet air circulation unit for circulating the jet air by returning the jet air blown to the supporting member in the chamber and returning the recovered jet air to the chamber,
A jet-style detour to bypass a portion of the recovered jet stream, and
And a control section for controlling the temperature of the jet air blown onto the supporting member by adjusting the air flow rate of the jet air blown by the jet air blowing section. The method according to claim 1,
The foreign matter discharge portion includes an upstream suction chamber formed on an upstream side of the jet air blowing portion with respect to a moving direction of the carrying member and a downstream suction chamber formed downstream of the jet air blowing portion, And discharges the sucked foreign matter together with the jet air to the outside of the chamber through a discharge nozzle installed in the upstream suction chamber and the downstream suction chamber. 3. The method of claim 2,
And the upstream-side suction chamber and the downstream-side suction chamber are in a negative pressure state. delete A solution casting system comprising a support and a tenter device, wherein the support is flexible to form a flexible film, the dope containing a polymer, a solvent and an additive, wherein the tenter device comprises a wet film Is stretched in the width direction and dried by spraying with a drying air to form a film,
A carrying member for carrying both side ends of the film being transported,
Wherein the holding section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film, and the release section is a section in which the carrying member carries the film, A circulating moving part,
A chamber for covering the carrying member in the release section,
A jet air blowing unit for blowing jet air to the carrying member passing through the chamber to remove foreign matter from the carrying member,
A foreign matter discharge unit for discharging the foreign matter to the outside of the chamber together with the jet air,
A jet air circulation unit for circulating the jet air by returning the jet air blown to the supporting member in the chamber and returning the recovered jet air to the chamber,
A jet-type bypassing portion for bypassing a part of the recovered jet wind, and
Wherein the control section controls the temperature of the jet air blown to the support member by controlling the air flow rate of the jet air blown by the jet air bypass section, And a control section for controlling the temperature of the jet air in a range lower than the heat resistant temperature of the device. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the foreign matter includes the additive which is liquefied or solidified. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the foreign matter comprises at least one of a residue and a bur that is generated when the loading or unloading of the carrying member is started or released. 6. The method of claim 5,
In the tenter device,
A separator for separating the foreign matter and the jet air,
And a downwardly inclined pipe formed so as to gradually decrease from the foreign matter discharging portion toward the separating portion and to send foreign matter from the foreign matter discharging portion to the separating portion. delete 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the temperature of the jet air is controlled to be not less than 49 占 폚 and not more than 120 占 폚 which is a heat resistance temperature of various devices in the tenter apparatus. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the tenter device is a pin tenter having a fin and a fin plate in which a plurality of the pins are inserted. The foreign matter removing method in the tenter device includes:
Wherein the supporting section is a section for carrying both side ends of the film being transported by the carrying member between the carrying section and the releasing section, and the releasing section releases the loading of the film by the carrying member One step, step,
A step of stretching the film in the carrying section at a constant widening ratio and drying by blowing dry air, wherein the stretching is carried out by gradually shifting the carrying member in the direction in which the film is widened,
Removing the foreign matter adhered to the carrying member by jetting jet air against a carrying member passing through the chamber in a chamber covering the carrying member in the release section,
And discharging the foreign substance out of the chamber,
The jet air blown to the support member is recovered in the chamber and the jet air recovered is returned to the chamber so as to circulate the jet air so as to bypass a part of the recovered jet air, A method for removing foreign matter that controls the temperature of a jetting jet.

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