KR101567746B1 - Apparatus for treating exhaust gas - Google Patents

Apparatus for treating exhaust gas Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101567746B1
KR101567746B1 KR1020150084945A KR20150084945A KR101567746B1 KR 101567746 B1 KR101567746 B1 KR 101567746B1 KR 1020150084945 A KR1020150084945 A KR 1020150084945A KR 20150084945 A KR20150084945 A KR 20150084945A KR 101567746 B1 KR101567746 B1 KR 101567746B1
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plasma reactor
exhaust gas
microwave
microwave plasma
reducing agent
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KR1020150084945A
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Korean (ko)
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박정봉
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박정봉
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Priority to CN201680035416.4A priority patent/CN108064187A/en
Priority to PCT/KR2016/006368 priority patent/WO2016204516A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating exhaust gas, capable of integrally treating a harmful discharge material discharged by combustion or the like, which comprises: a dust collection device for removing a particle material or organic matter contained inside the exhaust gas; a desulfurization equipment for reducing sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas; and a microwave plasma reactor at high temperatures and a plasma reactor at low temperatures for reducing nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas.

Description

[0001] Apparatus for treating exhaust gas [0002]

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treating apparatus.

Generally, it is necessary to maintain the atmospheric environment in a clean state by reducing various kinds of particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, which are harmful exhaust products, from products produced by fossil fuel combustion in a factory or a combustion apparatus to a maximum extent It is a reality that is emerging.

In particular, currently known methods of reducing nitrogen oxides include selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction. Such selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction are well known and avoid detailed description.

Basically, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is performed by supplying ammonia, which is a reducing agent, through the ammonia injection unit (AIG) to the downstream of the combustion apparatus to cause a reduction reaction in the catalytic reaction tower to reduce nitrogen oxides. Such a selective catalytic reduction process typically causes a phenomenon in which the combustion apparatus is in a low load state or the temperature of the exhaust gas to be introduced into the catalytic reaction tower is low, the reaction of nitrogen oxides is significantly lowered, There is a problem that a bad effect may be caused in the rear end facility.

In addition, the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) method can directly reduce ammonia water or urea water into the combustion apparatus and react with nitrogen oxides generated through combustion of fossil fuel in the combustion apparatus . This selective non-catalytic reduction method is to supply ammonia or urea water of liquid phase into the combustion apparatus as described above. Therefore, when the reducing agent is sprayed into the combustion apparatus and water droplets come into contact with the boiler tube, There are always risks involved, and in fact some companies have suffered large losses.

In addition, the denitrification system using the selective non-catalytic reduction method has a limitation in that the denitrification rate is lowered while the combustion apparatus can achieve high efficiency when the combustion apparatus is at a low load.

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0007369

An object of the present invention is to remove harmful pollutants contained in exhaust gas by using a combined process of a desulfurization facility and a denitration facility.

The present invention relates to a treatment apparatus capable of reducing various harmful emissions contained in exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust gas generating source.

In order to attain the above object, an exhaust gas treating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes: an exhaust gas generating source for exhausting exhaust gas; A dust collecting facility disposed downstream of the exhaust gas generating source; A low temperature plasma reactor disposed downstream of the dust collecting facility for oxidizing the nitrogen monoxide discharged from the exhaust gas generating source into nitrogen dioxide; A desulfurization facility disposed downstream of the low temperature plasma reactor; A reservoir for storing the reducing agent; A microwave plasma reactor for supplying exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide discharged from a desulfurization facility to a transfer pipe and converting a reducing agent supplied to a supply pipe of the storage tank into a hot gas phase to help dissociate nitrogen oxides; A microwave generator for generating a microwave according to application of power; And a plasma generator disposed between the microwave generator and the microwave plasma reactor, for generating a flame by guiding the microwave into the microwave plasma reactor through the induction tube. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas generator is collected by a dust collecting apparatus And is designed to be able to remove contaminants contained in the exhaust gas by sequentially passing through a low temperature plasma reactor, a desulfurization facility, and a high-temperature microwave plasma reactor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the dust collection facility may comprise an electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator can be expected to have an effect of partially modifying the nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas with nitrogen dioxide.

The desulfurization facility may be a wet desulfurization system.

The feed pipe of the reservoir further comprises an improved feed module, which can supply the reducing agent stored in the reservoir according to the amount of nitrogen oxide to be fed into the microwave plasma reactor. This can optimize the amount of reducing agent used.

Specifically, the microwave plasma reactor is arranged such that the tube end of the transfer tube is disposed toward the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor to cause the exhaust gas to flow upward, while the end of the induction tube penetrates from the upper part to the lower part of the microwave plasma reactor, The direction can be made to be downward. The pipe end portion of the transfer pipe and the pipe end portion of the induction pipe may be arranged on the same axis line to improve the contact between the down stream reducing agent and the flame and the upward flow exhaust gas. In order to be selectable, the supply pipe may be penetrated downward from the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor to supply the reducing agent downward, or may be joined to the induction pipe and guided into the microwave plasma reactor through the induction pipe.

An exhaust gas treating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes an exhaust gas generating source for exhausting exhaust gas; A desulfurization facility disposed downstream of the exhaust gas generating source; A dust collection facility disposed downstream of the desulfurization facility; A low temperature plasma reactor disposed downstream of the dust collecting facility for oxidizing the nitrogen monoxide discharged from the exhaust gas generating source into nitrogen dioxide; A reservoir for storing the reducing agent; A microwave plasma reactor supplied with the exhaust gas containing the nitrogen oxide discharged from the low temperature plasma reactor to the transfer tube and converting the reducing agent supplied to the supply pipe of the storage tank into the high temperature gas phase to help dissociate the nitrogen oxide; A microwave generator for generating a microwave according to application of power; And a plasma generator disposed between the microwave generator and the microwave plasma reactor, for generating a flame by guiding the microwave into the microwave plasma reactor through the induction tube. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas generator is supplied to the desulfurization equipment And a high-temperature microwave plasma reactor in order to remove contaminants contained in the exhaust gas.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the dust collection facility may comprise an electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator can be expected to have an effect of partially modifying the nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas with nitrogen dioxide.

The desulfurization facility may be a dry desulfurization system.

The feed pipe of the reservoir further comprises an improved feed module, which can supply the reducing agent stored in the reservoir according to the amount of nitrogen oxide to be fed into the microwave plasma reactor. This can optimize the amount of reducing agent used.

Specifically, the microwave plasma reactor is arranged such that the tube end of the transfer tube is disposed toward the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor to cause the exhaust gas to flow upward, while the end of the induction tube penetrates from the upper part to the lower part of the microwave plasma reactor, The direction can be made to be downward. The pipe end portion of the transfer pipe and the pipe end portion of the induction pipe may be arranged on the same axis line to improve the contact between the down stream reducing agent and the flame and the upward flow exhaust gas. In order to be selectable, the supply pipe may be penetrated downward from the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor to supply the reducing agent downward, or may be joined to the induction pipe and guided into the microwave plasma reactor through the induction pipe.

The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description based on the accompanying drawings.

Prior to that, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed in a conventional and dictionary sense, and the inventor may properly define the concept of the term in order to best explain its invention It should be construed as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, abatement facilities for treating harmful exhaust substances such as organic substances or particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas are arranged in line in an in-line form And to reduce it collectively.

The present invention can remarkably reduce the amount of the reducing agent used and improve the denitration rate through the low temperature plasma reactor and the high temperature microwave plasma reactor.

In particular, the present invention uses a high-temperature plasma flame as a heat source for a microwave plasma reactor, so that the denitration process can be continuously performed without stopping the operation of the denitration system according to the replacement of the igniter or the like required for flame generation in the prior art.

1 is a schematic process diagram of an exhaust gas treating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a schematic process diagram of an exhaust gas treating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the interior of a microwave plasma reactor to be employed in the exhaust gas treating apparatus of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a microwave plasma reactor taken along the line AA in Fig.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages, features, and ways of accomplishing the same will become apparent from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the specification, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar components throughout the specification. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail.

Now, an exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is the (SO X) 1 performs a process chart of a waste gas treatment system according to the example, as schematically shown, for example, sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas generated through the combustion of fossil fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NO X) of the present invention , Particulate matter, and the like.

The exhaust gas processing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention roughly includes a dust collecting facility 100 and a low temperature plasma reactor 200 and a desulfurization facility 300 And the microwave plasma reactor 400 at a high temperature in order to remove contaminants contained in the exhaust gas, that is, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and the like.

Here, the exhaust gas generating source 1000 may be a combustion furnace, a process heating furnace, or an internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas generating source 1000 may be a device that discharges noxious gases such as nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides through combustion, Lt; / RTI >

The exhaust gas generated through the combustion of the exhaust gas generating source 1000 is guided to the dust collecting apparatus 100 for collecting foreign matter such as particulate matter excluding nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The dust collection facility 100 is disposed at the front end of the desulfurization facility and the denitrification facility as described above, and particulate matter flows into the desulfurization facility and / or the denitrification facility to prevent unnecessary side reactions. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention may be equipped with various types of dust collecting apparatuses, and in particular, the electrostatic precipitator may include nitrogen monoxide (NO) Can be partially modified with nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the low temperature plasma reactor (200) is disposed at the rear end of the dust collecting apparatus (100). The low-temperature plasma reactor 200 can provide a denitration reaction at a low temperature (15 to 200 DEG C) to the exhaust gas that has been subjected to dust collection treatment. The low temperature plasma reactor 200 is an oxidation zone for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) or nitric acid (HNO 3 ). In other words, the low temperature plasma reactor 200 reduces the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and increases the concentration of nitrogen dioxide due to the oxidation reaction of nitrogen monoxide, which helps to increase the NO 2 / NO ratio. As the ratio of nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen oxides increases, the rate of decomposition of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the microwave plasma reactor 400 can be increased to increase the denitrification efficiency, as well as to lower the power consumption and increase the economic efficiency. The low temperature plasma reactor 200 may be a micro pulsar plasma discharge plasma reactor. The low temperature means that the temperature is lower than the plasma flame in the microwave plasma reactor.

In addition, the exhaust gas that has escaped through the dust collecting facility 100 has a NO 2 / NO ratio higher than that of the exhaust gas emitted from the exhaust gas generating source 1000 through a partial reforming reaction of the dust collecting apparatus 100, (200). ≪ / RTI > As a result, the oxidation reaction to be performed in the low-temperature plasma reactor 200 can be reduced and the power consumption due to the operation of the low-temperature plasma reactor 200 can be reduced.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a separate desulfurization facility 300 downstream of the low temperature plasma reactor 200, that is, between the low temperature plasma reactor 200 and the microwave plasma reactor 400, Can be disposed. Desulfurization facility 300 preferably employs a wet desulfurization system. As is well known to those skilled in the art, a wet desulfurization system utilizes an aqueous solution or a liquid reagent in slurry in an exhaust gas containing sulfur oxides to stably decompose and / or trap sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas to reduce sulfur oxides emissions . The water contained in the liquid reagent can be introduced into the microwave plasma reactor 400 together with the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas transfer tube T1 extending from the desulfurization facility 300. [ The water introduced from the transfer tube T1 has a hydroxyl group (OH < "& gt ; ), which facilitates the chemical reaction with the reactors of other properties, thereby promoting the reduction reaction caused in the microwave plasma reactor 400.

In particular, the exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention decomposes nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas generating source 1000 and the reducing agent supplied from the storage tank 600 under a high temperature plasma flame And a microwave plasma reactor (400) for converting the gas to a gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water or the like through reduction and / or reduction.

The reservoir 600 is a source of reducing agent to be provided to the microwave plasma reactor 400 and is connected to the reservoir 600 by means of the improved supply module 700 based on the inflow amount of nitrogen oxide to be led to the microwave plasma reactor 400 , A predetermined amount of a reducing agent is supplied to a rear end facility, such as a microwave plasma reactor 400. The improved supply module 700 determines the flow rate required by the microwave plasma reactor 400 as described above. The amount of nitrogen oxide discharged from the low-temperature plasma reactor 200 and the amount of nitrogen (ammonia) And the reducing agent is supplied through the improved supply module 700. [ The reducing agent, which is controlled through the improved supply module 700, is supplied to the microwave plasma reactor 400.

The reservoir 600 typically contains a liquid or vapor phase reducing agent in order to improve the flowability of the reducing agent and ensure stability. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and various compositions such as urea water, urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ), ammonia 3), it is possible to accommodate the reducing agent such as ammonium carbonate (NH 4 CO 3), cyanuric acid (HNCO). The reducing agent of the present invention may be an element as described above. The element may be slowly hydrolyzed to ammonium carbonate in an aqueous solution at room temperature, and sublimed at a temperature above the melting point to be converted to ammonia and cyanuric acid.

The present invention can force various reducing agents, such as ammonia or urea, into the microwave plasma reactor 400 to decompose in a high temperature atmosphere or cause phase transformation from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase.

The microwave plasma reactor 400 can be made, for example, by reforming ammonia by thermal hydrolysis as shown in Chemical Formula 1 after receiving a reducing agent of urea (or urea water) Microwave plasma reactor (400).

Figure 112015057914219-pat00001

Figure 112015057914219-pat00002

After the reaction as in formula (2), ammonia and cyanuric acid are produced. In order to realize such a thermal decomposition reaction, the microwave plasma reactor 400 requires a considerably high temperature of heat.

In other words, the microwave plasma reactor 400 uses a high temperature flame, i.e., heat, to phase-convert the liquid phase urea and the like into a reducing agent such as gaseous ammonia, which is a decomposition gas of the element. For this phase conversion process, the required heat may be a flame generated by the microwave generator 800 and the plasma generator 900 as a heat source.

The products, ammonia and cyanuric acid, react with nitrogen oxides in denitrification equipment such as microwave plasma reactors. Is converted to a gaseous ammonia reducing agent through various reaction mechanisms so that the denitrification reaction of the nitrogen oxides takes place in the reactor 400 at a high temperature. The gaseous reducing agent may be denitrified through the reaction of the nitrogen oxide generated by the combustion of the fossil fuel in the exhaust gas generating source 1000 with the following chemical formula 3 or chemical formula 4.

Figure 112015057914219-pat00003

As shown in Formula 3, ammonia is hydrolyzed in the microwave plasma reactor 400 to cause reaction with nitrogen oxides, thereby generating nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O) harmless to the human body. Finally, since nitrogen and water are discharged through the chimney 500, it is possible to prevent pollutant emissions from the air environment in advance.

Figure 112015057914219-pat00004

A cyano supplied from reservoir 600 or generated by the following formula (2) press acid harmful nitrogen oxides as a progress bar, a chemical reaction that could lead to nitrogen oxide with the reaction, such as the formula (4) above, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide (CO 2) They are converted to substances that are not related to air pollution. For reference, the amount of carbon dioxide generated is less than a few ppm, so it will be very small to provide a source of environmental pollutants.

Alternatively, the reducing agent contained in the reservoir (600) is preferably composed of a water-soluble (water-soluble) reducing agent. The water-soluble reducing agent has a hydroxyl group (OH < - & gt ; ) generated in a humidity as shown in Chemical Formula 4, so chemical bonding with other reactors can be easily performed. Specifically, the hydroxyl group, which is an anion, is rapidly combined with hydrogen (H + ) to be converted into water, and the contact reaction efficiency of the nitrogen oxide can be improved to reduce the residence time of the nitrogen oxide in the microwave plasma reactor 400.

The present invention is a reduction zone capable of simultaneously converting various kinds of reducing agents into gaseous and ammonia in a high temperature microwave plasma reactor 400 as well as denitrification reaction as described above.

It is noted that the microwave plasma reactor 400 can be supplied with a high-temperature heat source in the following manner, and other methods capable of generating a microwave plasma in addition to the method described below can be adopted.

The microwave generator 800 is driven in response to application of a power source to generate a microwave. The microwave is guided to the plasma generator 900 through a wave guide while the plasma generator 900 discharges the plasma generating gas into the reactor through the induction tube T3 extending into the microwave plasma reactor 400 . As is well known, microwaves are microwaves, electromagnetic waves having a frequency range of 30 MHz to 30 GHz, and are used to generate plasma. When the microwave is irradiated to the dielectric, the molecules of the dielectric rotate, causing heat to be generated due to the collision between the molecules.

The plasma generator 900 generates high heat by exposing the plasma generating gas such as steam for generating plasma, water, inert gas and the like to the vibration of the microwave guided by the microwave generator 800 And the flame is generated in the microwave plasma reactor 400 by the generated high temperature. The flame (plasma) temperature generated in the microwave plasma reactor 400 may be 2,000 to 4,000 ° C. In this high-temperature reactor 400, a continuous plasma is generated. Plasma is a gas that is ionized to electrons having a negative charge and positive ions having a positive charge, and ionized electrons and / or cations can enhance the decomposition ability of the harmful gas.

As is widely known, the plasma generating gas can be air, nitrogen, or combustion gas, but the present invention aims at reducing nitrogen oxides in a microwave plasma reactor. That is, in order to prevent nitrogen (N 2 ) from being converted into nitrogen monoxide in the air in the reactor, it is preferable to use steam, micro-injection water or an inert gas as the plasma generating gas.

As described above, since the plasma generator 900 can generate a flame due to high temperature through the vibration of the microwave, a separate igniter or the like is not required, so that the structure simplification and durability of the exhaust gas processing apparatus according to the present invention Can be improved.

As described above, the exhaust gas and the gaseous reducing agent cause a denitration reaction through the chemical formula and the like already described in the microwave plasma reactor (400). After the nitrogen oxides are removed, the hot exhaust gas is vented to the chimney 500.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a process flow of an exhaust gas treating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The exhaust gas treating apparatus 1 'according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes: As another modification of the processing apparatus 1, the structure of the dust collecting apparatus 100 and the desulfurizing apparatus 300 is very similar except for the arrangement position. Therefore, in order to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, The description of the member will be omitted here.

The exhaust gas processing apparatus 1 'according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured to exhaust the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas generating source 1000 to the desulfurization facility 300, the dust collecting facility 100, the low temperature plasma reactor 200, And the high-temperature microwave plasma reactor 400 so as to remove contaminants contained in the exhaust gas, that is, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and the like.

The exhaust gas generated through the combustion of the exhaust gas generating source 1000 is desulfurized in the downstream of the exhaust gas generating source 1000, that is, between the exhaust gas generating source 1000 and the dust collecting facility 100, The facility 300 can be disposed. Desulfurization facility 300 preferably employs a dry desulfurization system. As is well known to those skilled in the art, a dry desulfurization system can remove sulfur oxides, especially sulfur dioxide, by adsorbing or reacting particles of activated carbon, carbonate, etc., with exhaust gases. The dry desulfurization system can guide the exhaust gas to the dust collecting apparatus 100 without the consumption of water and the need to reheat the exhaust gas as compared with the wet desulfurization system. The exhaust gas from which the sulfur oxides are removed through the desulfurization facility 300 may employ a dust collector (filter dust collector, cleaning dust collector) which is vulnerable to removal of hydrophilic particulate matter due to low water content. For example, when operating under a wet condition, the filtering and dust collecting device is forced to reduce the dust collecting efficiency by closing and shielding the pores of the bag filter or filter paper.

The desulfurized exhaust gas is guided to a dust collecting apparatus 100 for collecting foreign matter such as particulate matter. The dust collection facility 100 is disposed between the desulfurization facility and the denitration facility as described above, which allows the particulate matter to flow into the denitration facility to prevent unnecessary side reactions. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention may also be equipped with various types of dust collecting facilities downstream of the dry desulfurization facility, for example, a filter dust collector and a cleaning dust collector vulnerable to the treatment of hydrophilic particulate matter . Particularly, in the second embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to additionally obtain the effect of partially modifying the nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas with nitrogen dioxide through the electrostatic precipitator.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature plasma reactor (200) is disposed at the rear end of the dust collecting apparatus (100). The low-temperature plasma reactor 200 can provide a denitration reaction at a low temperature (15 to 200 DEG C) to the exhaust gas that has been subjected to dust collection treatment. The low temperature plasma reactor 200 is an oxidation region for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide or nitric acid. In other words, the low temperature plasma reactor 200 reduces the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and increases the concentration of nitrogen dioxide due to the oxidation reaction of nitrogen monoxide, which helps to increase the NO 2 / NO ratio. As the ratio of nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen oxides increases, the rate of decomposition of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the microwave plasma reactor 400 can be increased to increase the denitrification efficiency, as well as to lower the power consumption and increase the economic efficiency. The low temperature plasma reactor 200 may be a micropulsora plasma reactor. The low temperature means that the temperature is lower than the plasma flame in the microwave plasma reactor.

In addition, the exhaust gas that has escaped through the dust collecting facility 100 has a NO 2 / NO ratio higher than that of the exhaust gas emitted from the exhaust gas generating source 1000 through a partial reforming reaction of the dust collecting apparatus 100, The user can be guided to the mobile terminal 200. This may reduce the oxidation reaction in the low-temperature plasma reactor 200 and reduce the power consumption according to the operation of the low-temperature plasma reactor 200.

The exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention can reduce the nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas generating source 1000 and the reducing agent supplied from the storage tank 600 under decomposition and / And a microwave plasma reactor (400) for converting the gas into a gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water or the like through a gas supply line (400) is installed at the rear end of the low temperature plasma reactor (200).

The reservoir 600 is a source of reducing agent to be provided to the microwave plasma reactor 400 and is connected to the reservoir 600 by means of the improved supply module 700 based on the inflow amount of nitrogen oxide to be led to the microwave plasma reactor 400 , A predetermined amount of a reducing agent is supplied to a rear end facility, such as a microwave plasma reactor 400. The improved supply module 700 determines the flow rate required by the microwave plasma reactor 400 as described above. The amount of nitrogen oxide discharged from the low-temperature plasma reactor 200 and the amount of nitrogen (ammonia) And the reducing agent is supplied through the improved supply module 700. [ The reducing agent, which is controlled through the improved supply module 700, is supplied to the microwave plasma reactor 400.

The reservoir 600 typically contains a liquid or vapor phase reducing agent in order to improve the flowability of the reducing agent and ensure stability. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and various compositions such as urea water, urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ), ammonia 3), it is possible to accommodate the reducing agent such as ammonium carbonate (NH 4 CO 3), cyanuric acid (HNCO). The reducing agent of the present invention may be an element as described above. The element may be slowly hydrolyzed to ammonium carbonate in an aqueous solution at room temperature, and sublimed at a temperature above the melting point to be converted to ammonia and cyanuric acid.

The present invention can force various reducing agents, such as ammonia or urea, into the microwave plasma reactor 400 to decompose in a high temperature atmosphere or cause phase transformation from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase.

The microwave plasma reactor 400 can be made, for example, by reforming ammonia by thermal hydrolysis as shown in Chemical Formula 1 after receiving a reducing agent of urea (or urea water) Microwave plasma reactor (400).

After the reaction as in formula (2), ammonia and cyanuric acid are produced. In order to realize such a thermal decomposition reaction, the microwave plasma reactor 400 requires a considerably high temperature of heat.

In other words, the microwave plasma reactor 400 uses a high temperature flame, i.e., heat, to phase-convert the liquid phase urea and the like into a reducing agent such as gaseous ammonia, which is a decomposition gas of the element. For this phase conversion process, the required heat may be a flame generated by the microwave generator 800 and the plasma generator 900 as a heat source.

The products, ammonia and cyanuric acid, react with nitrogen oxides in denitrification equipment such as microwave plasma reactors. Is converted to a gaseous ammonia reducing agent through various reaction mechanisms so that the denitrification reaction of the nitrogen oxides takes place in the reactor 400 at a high temperature. Such a gaseous reducing agent may be denitrified through the reaction of the nitrogen oxides generated by the combustion of the fossil fuel in the exhaust gas generating source 1000 with the compounds represented by the general formula (3) or (4).

Ammonia is hydrolyzed in the microwave plasma reactor 400 and reacted with nitrogen oxides as shown in Formula 3, thereby generating nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O) harmless to the human body. Finally, since nitrogen and water are discharged through the chimney 500, it is possible to prevent pollutant emissions from the air environment in advance.

A cyano supplied from reservoir 600 or generated by the following formula (2) press acid harmful nitrogen oxides as a progress bar, a chemical reaction that could lead to nitrogen oxide with the reaction, such as the formula (4) above, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide (CO 2) They are converted to substances that are not related to air pollution. For reference, the amount of carbon dioxide generated is less than a few ppm, so it will be very small to provide a source of environmental pollutants.

Alternatively, the reducing agent contained in the reservoir (600) is preferably composed of a water-soluble (water-soluble) reducing agent. The water-soluble reducing agent has a hydroxyl group (OH < - & gt ; ) generated in a humidity as shown in Chemical Formula 4, so chemical bonding with other reactors can be easily performed. Specifically, the hydroxyl group, which is an anion, is rapidly combined with hydrogen (H + ) to be converted into water, and the contact reaction efficiency of the nitrogen oxide can be improved to reduce the residence time of the nitrogen oxide in the microwave plasma reactor 400.

The present invention is a reduction zone capable of simultaneously converting various kinds of reducing agents into gaseous and ammonia in a high temperature microwave plasma reactor 400 as well as denitrification reaction as described above.

It is noted that the microwave plasma reactor 400 can be supplied with a high-temperature heat source in the following manner, and other methods capable of generating a microwave plasma in addition to the method described below can be adopted.

The microwave generator 800 is driven in response to application of a power source to generate a microwave. The microwave is guided to the plasma generator 900 through a wave guide while the plasma generator 400 discharges the plasma generating gas into the reactor through the induction tube T3 extending into the microwave plasma reactor 400 . As is well known, microwaves are microwaves, electromagnetic waves having a frequency range of 30 MHz to 30 GHz, and are used to generate plasma. When the microwave is irradiated to the dielectric, the molecules of the dielectric rotate, causing heat to be generated due to the collision between the molecules.

The plasma generator 900 generates high heat by exposing the plasma generating gas such as steam for generating plasma, water, inert gas and the like to the vibration of the microwave guided by the microwave generator 800 And the flame is generated in the microwave plasma reactor 400 by the generated high temperature. The flame (plasma) temperature generated in the microwave plasma reactor 400 may be 2,000 to 4,000 ° C. In this high-temperature reactor 400, a continuous plasma is generated. Plasma is a gas that is ionized to electrons having a negative charge and positive ions having a positive charge, and ionized electrons and / or cations can enhance the decomposition ability of the harmful gas.

As is widely known, the plasma generating gas can be air, nitrogen, or combustion gas, but the present invention aims at reducing nitrogen oxides in a microwave plasma reactor. That is, in order to prevent nitrogen (N 2 ) from being converted into nitrogen monoxide in the air in the reactor, it is preferable to use steam, micro-injection water or an inert gas as the plasma generating gas.

As described above, since the plasma generator 900 can generate a flame due to high temperature through the vibration of the microwave, a separate igniter or the like is not required, so that the structure simplification and durability of the exhaust gas processing apparatus according to the present invention Can be improved.

As described above, the exhaust gas and the gaseous reducing agent cause a denitration reaction through the chemical formula and the like already described in the microwave plasma reactor (400). After the nitrogen oxides are removed, the hot exhaust gas is vented to the chimney 500.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the inside of the microwave plasma reactor shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the microwave plasma reactor shown in FIG.

As shown, the microwave plasma reactor 400 has a plasma generator 900 disposed above the microwave plasma reactor 400 and an induction tube T3 of the plasma generator 900 positioned on the axis of the microwave plasma reactor 400 So that it penetrates downward.

The reducing agent supply pipe T2 extending in the storage tank 600 is also introduced into the microwave plasma reactor 400 to supply the reducing agent into the reactor 400. [ The reducing agent supply pipe (T2) penetrates through the upper side of the microwave plasma reactor (400) so as to flow the reducing agent downward. Particularly, the end of the reducing agent supply pipe T2 is joined to the induction pipe T3, so that the induction pipe of the induction pipe T3 can inject the reducing agent together with the flame into the reactor.

In addition, the microwave plasma reactor 400 injects exhaust gas such as nitrogen oxides to be injected into the reactor so as to be swirled upward in the reactor 400. To this end, the present invention intrudes the microwave plasma reactor 400 into the desulfurization equipment 300 of the first embodiment or the exhaust gas transfer tube T1 extending from the low temperature plasma reactor 200 of the second embodiment, So that the end of the transfer pipe (T1) is installed toward the upper side of the reactor (400). The exhaust gas guided to the transfer tube T1 may be formed as a swirling air flow that swirls at high speed along the inner side of the reactor and may move upward.

In the present invention, the microwave plasma reactor 400 can continuously supply the reducing agent guided downwardly and the exhaust gas guided upwardly in a counter flow manner, thereby increasing the chance of contact between the reducing agent and the exhaust gas . As shown in the figure, the flame and the reducing agent are formed in a downward flow direction to increase the contact time with the exhaust gas pumped upwards, thereby promoting the reduction reaction, and the best denitrification effect can be expected.

In the present invention, a tube end portion of an exhaust gas transfer tube (T1) opened upward and a tube end portion of an induction tube (T3) injectable downwardly are arranged in the same direction along the longitudinal direction of the reactor so as to double the direct contact between the reducing agent and the exhaust gas So as to be disposed on the axis line.

Optionally, the microwave plasma reactor 400 may include a swirler 410 therein to assist in the swirling flow of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent.

In the exhaust gas treating apparatus according to the present invention, nitrogen oxide can be reduced to a low level of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide while continuously passing through the oxidizing region of the low temperature plasma reactor 200 and the reducing region of the microwave plasma reactor 400 . As described above, the present invention can increase the denitrification rate and improve the economical efficiency by combining the reaction process with the plasma and the reducing agent in the microwave plasma reactor (400). In addition, the present invention can remarkably reduce the consumption amount of the reducing agent through activation of the reducing agent.

In addition, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention can reduce the amount of sulfur oxides discharged by means of the desulfurization facility 300.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. It is evident that the person skilled in the art can change or improve it.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

100 ----- Dust collection facility,
200 ----- low temperature plasma reactor,
300 ----- Desulfurization equipment,
400 ----- Microwave Plasma Reactor
500 ----- Chimney,
600 ----- Storage tank,
700 ----- Improved supply module,
800 ---- Microwave generator,
900 ----- Plasma generator,
1000 ----- Source of exhaust gas.

Claims (10)

An exhaust gas generating source 1000 for exhausting exhaust gas;
A dust collecting apparatus 100 disposed downstream of the exhaust gas generating source 1000;
A low temperature plasma reactor (200) disposed downstream of the dust collecting apparatus (100) for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide (NO) emitted from the exhaust gas generating source (1000) to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 );
A desulfurization facility 300 disposed downstream of the low temperature plasma reactor 200;
A storage tank 600 for storing the reducing agent;
The exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide discharged from the desulfurization facility 300 is supplied to the transfer pipe T 1 and the reducing agent supplied to the supply pipe T 2 of the storage tank 600 is converted into a high temperature gas phase, A microwave plasma reactor (400) for assisting dissociation of the substrate;
A microwave generator 800 generating a microwave according to application of a power source; And
A microwave plasma generator 400 disposed between the microwave generator 800 and the microwave plasma reactor 400 for generating a flame by guiding the microwave into the microwave plasma reactor 400 through an induction tube T3, (900). ≪ / RTI >
The method according to claim 1,
The dust collecting apparatus (100) comprises an electrostatic precipitator.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the desulfurization facility (300) comprises a wet desulfurization system.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the supply pipe (T2) of the storage tank (600) further comprises an improved supply module (700).
The method according to claim 1,
The end of the transfer tube T 1 is installed upward in the microwave plasma reactor 400,
The induction tube T3 is penetrated downward from the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor 400,
And the supply pipe (T2) joins the induction pipe (T3) to guide the reducing agent to the microwave plasma reactor (400) downward.
An exhaust gas generating source 1000 for exhausting exhaust gas;
A desulfurization facility 300 disposed downstream of the exhaust gas generating source 1000;
A dust collection facility 100 disposed downstream of the desulfurization facility 300;
A low temperature plasma reactor (200) disposed downstream of the dust collecting apparatus (100) for oxidizing nitrogen monoxide (NO) emitted from the exhaust gas generating source (1000) to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 );
A storage tank 600 for storing the reducing agent;
The exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide discharged from the low temperature plasma reactor 200 is supplied to the transfer tube T 1 and the reducing agent supplied to the supply tube T 2 of the storage tank 600 is converted into a high temperature gas phase, A microwave plasma reactor (400) for assisting dissociation of the oxide;
A microwave generator 800 generating a microwave according to application of a power source; And
A microwave plasma generator 400 disposed between the microwave generator 800 and the microwave plasma reactor 400 for generating a flame by guiding the microwave into the microwave plasma reactor 400 through an induction tube T3, (900). ≪ / RTI >
The method of claim 6,
The dust collecting apparatus (100) comprises an electrostatic precipitator.
The method of claim 6,
The desulfurization facility (300) comprises a dry desulfurization system.
The method of claim 6,
Wherein the supply pipe (T2) of the storage tank (600) further comprises an improved supply module (700).
The method of claim 6,
The end of the transfer tube T 1 is installed upward in the microwave plasma reactor 400,
The induction tube T3 is penetrated downward from the upper part of the microwave plasma reactor 400,
And the supply pipe (T2) joins the induction pipe (T3) to guide the reducing agent to the microwave plasma reactor (400) downward.
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PCT/KR2016/006368 WO2016204516A1 (en) 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Exhaust gas processing device

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